norm- referenced tests & criterion-referenced tests

8/13/2019 Norm- Referenced Tests & Criterion-Referenced Tests

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Norm- Referenced Tests &Criterion-Referenced TestsE3CGroup:1Group members:Star 4954

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Introduction of Norm- Referenced Tests &Criterion-Referenced Tests

A norm-referenced test (NRT) is a type of test,assessment, or evaluation which yields an estimate ofthe position of the tested individual in a predefined

population, with respect to the trait being measured.

Critics of criterion-referenced tests point out that judgesset bookmarks around items of varying difficulty without

considering whether the items actually are compliant withgrade level content standards or are developmentallyappropriate.


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Compare NRT & CRT

Norm-Referenced Tests Criterion-referenced test

Provide information on how the performance of an individualcompares with that of others.

Provide information on how theindividual preformed on some standardof objective.

Individual

s standing is comparedwith that of a know group.

Allow users to interpret what anindividual can do without consideringthe performance of others.

Percentile rank is obtained todetermine the relative standing in

a norm group.

Designed to measure the results ofinstruction.

Emphasize the discriminationamong individuals.

An individuals performance on a specific behavioral or instructional objectiveEmphasizes description of performance.


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NRT & CRT common characteristics

*Require a relevant and representative sample of

test items

*Require specification of the achievementdomain to be measured

*Use the same type of test items

*Use the same rules for item writing

*Judged by the same qualities (validity and

reliability)

*Useful in educational measurement


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Advantages and disadvantages ofNRT & CRT


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Advantages and disadvantages ofNRT

Advantages They easy for instructors to use

They work well in situations requiring rigiddifferentiation among students They are generally appropriate in large

courses


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Advantages and disadvantages ofNRT

Disadvantages

An individual's grade is determined notonly by his/her achievements, but also bythe achievements of others.


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Advantages and disadvantages ofCRT

Advantages Students are not competing with each

other Students are thus more likely to actively

help each other learn. A student's grade is not influenced by the

caliber of the class.


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Advantages and disadvantages ofCRT

Disadvantages It is difficult to set a reasonable standard

for students Most experienced faculty set criteria based

on their knowledge of how students

usually perform Criterion-referenced systems often

become fairly similar to norm-referenced

systems.


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Background of GEPT & TOEFL

GEPT

The GEPT (General English Proficiency Test) wassponsored by the Taiwan Ministry of Education(MOE) and was developed at The LanguageTraining and Testing Center (LTTC). It is designed to measure English language skillsincluding listening, reading, writing and speaking toindividuals whose mother tongue is not English.

Since the first test launched in 1990, the GEPT hascome one of the most recognized and populartests for evaluating English proficiency levels inTaiwan.


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Statistic shows more than 1.74 million peoplewould have taken the test by September 2005.

According to the reports by the LTTC, mostexaminees are students who would use the testscore as one of the criteria to be accepted forfurther education in Taiwan or as a method ofpassing the benchmark requirements of English

studied in schools. Recently GEPT test takers have included many

business corporations and government officials .Though a new rule stipulated in 2006 indicates

children under 12 are prohibited from taking thetest in fear of the negative psychological effectsthat might occur if they do not perform well onthe test.


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TOEFL

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)evaluates the potential success of an individual to useand understand academic English at a college level . It isrequired for non-native applicants at many English-

speaking colleges and universities. Additionally,institutions such as government agencies, businesses,or scholarship programs may require this test. A TOEFLscore is valid for two years and then is deleted from theofficial database. Colleges and universities usuallyconsider only the most recent TOEFL score.

The TOEFL test is a registered trademark of EducationalTesting Service (ETS) and is administered worldwide.The test was first administered in 1964 and has sincebeen taken by nearly 20 million students.


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References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criterion-referenced_test http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm-referenced_test http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/measeval/crnmref.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criterion-referenced_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm-referenced_testhttp://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/measeval/crnmref.htmlhttp://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/measeval/crnmref.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm-referenced_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm-referenced_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm-referenced_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criterion-referenced_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criterion-referenced_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criterion-referenced_test

norm- referenced tests & criterion-referenced tests

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