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1. Notebook Entry: Reformation Continues

2. What problems did Queen Elizabeth face?

By the end of class our objectives are to: - analyze the impact of the Spanish Armada had on change in Europe

- evaluate the extent to which John Calvin added to the religious change of the Reformation

- identify other reforms of the Reformation

EQ: How does the Reformation fit into our model for religious change?

new ideas, trade, technology, cultural diffusion, violence, urbanization

Expository Essay (DBQ): Wednesday | Test: Friday

Who was Queen Elizabeth I?

What problems would she face?What did she want?

The Spanish Armada:

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• Elizabeth brought religious peace to England• King Philip II of Spain threatened to invade

–Protestants who rebelled against him were supported by Elizabeth

–In 1588 he assembled an invasion fleet• 130 ships• 8,000 sailors• 19,000 soldiers

–Spanish Armada defeated• Bad weather• Strong English fleet

Elizabeth’s other problems:She had a triumphant reign but still had some difficulties

MONEY�Will cause more problems

down the line

�Many other counties were facing bloody religious conflicts

In 1521, the year Luther stood trial at Worms, John Calvin was a 12-year- old boy. Born in France, Calvin grew up to have as much influence on Protestants as Luther did. Calvin would give order to the new faith that Luther had begun.

John Calvin:• Institutes of the Christian Religion

– Book: ideas about God, salvation, and human nature

– Created a system of Protestant theology

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Calvin’s teachings:

• Taught men and women were sinful by nature

• Like Luther believed you could not earn salvation

• God saved very few

• Predestination

• Religion based on Calvin’s teachings ���� Calvinism

John Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland

What’s he doing?

Calvin Runs Geneva:• Theocracy• Strict rules

–Everyone attended religious class–No bright clothing; No card games

• Rule Violators–Imprisoned, Excommunicated, Banished

• Preached different doctrines–Burned at the stake

• Protestants considered it a model city of highly moral citizens

Calvin taught that people should enjoy God’s gifts, he wrote that it was not:

anywhere forbidden to laugh, or to enjoy food, or to add new possessions to old…or to be delighted with musical harmonies, or to drink wine.

Protestants taught that the Bible is the source of all truth about religion and that all people should read it to discover those truths. As Christians began to interpret the Bible for themselves, new Protestant groups formed over differences in belief.

The Reformation Wall

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St. Pierre CathedralCalvin’s Cathedral

The Anabaptists:• Baptized only those old enough to decide

to be Christian

• Anyone baptized as children should be rebaptized as adults.

• Anabaptists from Greek for baptize again

• Separation of church and state• Refused to fight in wars

• Shared their possessions

• Catholics and Protestants viewed the Anabaptists as radicals who threatened society

• Anabaptists survived and set foundation for Mennonites and the Amish

• Teachings also influenced the later Quakers and Baptists – who split from the Anglican church

Women of the Reformation:• Noblewomen offered protection to reformers

Marguerite of Navarre (sister of King Francis I) protected John Calvin from being executed while he lived in France

• Role became more limited as Protestant religions grew

Analyzing CausesHow did Protestant teaching cause further divisions in the Christian church?

Making InferencesWhy was it easier for women to take part in the earlier stages of the Reformation than the later stages?

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Summary:

• How was Calvin similar to Luther?

• How was Calvin different than Luther?

Expository Essay (DBQ): Wednesday | Test: Friday