ntspehl;lj;jiw mgptpuj;jpfs;5 70, | mz; tpuj;jp 2019 2020 tzpfg;nghul;fspyhd thj;jfk; kw;wk; thj;jf...

ntspehl;Lj;Jiw

mgptpUj;jpfs;

5,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lj; Jiw> 2018,d; gpd;diug;gFjpapy; epytpa caHe;jsT ghjpf;fg;gLk;

jd;ikfspypUe;J kPl;rpAw;W 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tYtile;jJ. tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapy;

fhzg;gl;l fzprkhd RUf;fk; kw;Wk; gzpfs; fzf;fpw;fhd cl;gha;r;ry;fs; vd;gd 2019,d;

Kjw;fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; eilKiwf; fzf;fpy; kpifnahd;wpidj; Njhw;Wtpj;jd. vdpDk;> capHj;j

QhapW jhf;Fjy;fis cldLj;J gzpfspypUe;jhd tUkhdk; tPo;r;rpaile;jikapdhy; 2019,d;

,uz;lhk; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; eilKiwf; fzf;F ghjfkhfj; jhf;fkile;jJ. ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk;

16.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; ngUkstpw;Ff; Fiwtile;jikapdhYk; Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fspd; 4.7 tsHr;rpapdhYk;

2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;Fr; RUf;fkile;jJ. ,wf;Fkjpr;

nrytpdj;jpy; Vw;gl;l mj;jifa Fiwg;gpw;F nfhs;if topKiwfspd; jhf;fj;jpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w

tpjj;jpy;> jq;fk; kw;Wk; ce;J CHjpfspd; ,wf;Fkjpfspy; Vw;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;f RUf;fNk J}z;Ljyhf

mike;jJ. tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapy; Vw;gl;l RUf;fk; capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjypidj; njhlHe;J

Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd tUtha;fspd; kPjhd jhf;fj;jpidAk; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fspd; kpjkhd

jd;ikapidAk; ngUkstpw;F vjphPL nra;jikapd; %yk; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; eilKiwf;

fzf;fpy; rpwpjsT gw;whf;Fiw Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. I.m.nlhyH 4.4 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd

gd;dhl;L Kwpfs; ntw;wpfukhf toq;fg;gl;lik fhuzkhf nrd;kjp epYitapd; epjpapay; fzf;F ghhpa

cl;gha;r;riyg; gjpTnra;j Ntisapy;> murhq;fk; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Kd;dH toq;fpa I.m.nlhyH

1.5 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfis kPsr;nrYj;jpaJ. vdpDk;> ntspehl;L Neub

KjyPLfSk; nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fg; ghptHj;jidapy; ntspehl;L KjyPLfSk; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;ljpYk; ghHf;ff;

Fiwthf ,Ue;jikapd; fhuzkhf epjpapay; fzf;fpd; Vida gha;r;ry;fs; kpjkhd jd;ikapidj;

njhlHe;J nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;> 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; mur gpizaq;fs; re;ijapy; ntspehl;L

KjyPLfs; Njwpa ntspg;gha;r;rnyhd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jd. mNjNtis> ,yq;if 2019 Nkapy; gd;dhl;L

ehza epjpaj;jpd; tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa trjpapd; MwhtJ njhFjpapidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJld; VohtJ

njhFjp 2019,d; entk;gH Muk;gg;gFjpapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLnkvd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Vg;gpwy;

kw;Wk; Xfj;jpy; rpy jsk;gy;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l NghJk; Nkk;gl;l tHj;jf epYitAld; NrHe;J epjpapay;

fzf;fpw;Ff; fzprkhdsT cl;gha;r;ry; Vw;gl;likapd; jhf;fj;jpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w tpjj;jpy; ,yq;if

&gh 2019 xj;NjhgH eLg;gFjpapy; 0.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; caHtile;jJ. cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr;

re;ijapy; fhzg;gl;l Àz;Ljyspf;Fk; epiyikfs; 2019,d; ,Jtiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; Njwpa

mbg;gilapy; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapidf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F kj;jpa tq;fpia mDkjpj;jd. ,jd;

tpisthf> nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffs; 2019,d; nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 7.6 gpy;ypaDf;F

Nkk;gl;L Vwj;jho 4.6 khj ,wf;FkjpfSf;F rkkhditahff; fhzg;gl;ld. 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;

cyfshtpa hPjpapy; gy Kf;fpa mgptpUj;jpfs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. ,it ,yq;ifapd; kPJ rpy frpTj;

jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$Lk;. ghhpa nghUshjhuq;fspilNa fhzg;gLk; tHj;jfg; gjl;lq;fs;>

Vida GtprhH murpay; epiyikfSld; NrHe;J fhzg;gLk; gpnwf;rpl;bd; epr;rakw;w jd;ikfs; vd;gd

FWq;fhyj;jpypUe;J eLj;ju fhyg;gFjp tiuapy; cyfshtpa tsHr;rp tha;g;Gf;fisf; Fiwj;Jtplf;$Lk;.

,J ,yq;iff;fhd KjyPl;L cl;gha;r;ry;fisg; ghjpf;Fk;. NkYk;> 2019,d; ,Wjpg;gFjpapYk; 2020 ,Yk;

eilngwtpUf;Fk; NjHjy;fspd; fhuzkhf epr;rakw;w nfhs;iffspdhy; ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsHfspd;

kNdhghtKk; ghjpf;fg;glf;$Lk;.

5

70

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;

tzpfg;nghUl;fspyhd tHj;jfk; kw;Wk; tHj;jf epYit

• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tHj;jff;

fzf;fpd; gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d; njhlHghd

fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;Fr;

RUf;fkile;jJ. ,jw;F ,wf;Fkjpfs; kPjhd nrytpdk;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;Fr; RUf;fkile;jikAk; Vw;Wkjp

tUtha;fspy; Vw;gl;l kpjkhd mjpfhpg;Gk; toptFj;jd.

Mz;bd; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;Wkjp

tUtha;fs; 2.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F Mz;L)

tsHr;rpaile;j Ntisapy; ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; 14.6

rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf>

2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tHj;jfg;

gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d; njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpapd;

I.m.nlhyH 7>240 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy;

I.m.nlhyH 4>854 kpy;ypaDf;F I.m.nlhyH 2>386

kpy;ypadhy; RUf;fkile;jJ.

• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tzpfg;nghUs;

Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; kpjkhf mjpfhpj;jd.

2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;Wkjp

tUtha;fs; 2018,d; njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpapd; 5.8

rjtPjk; nfhz;l tsHr;rpAld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH

8>031 kpy;ypaDf;F 2.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd.

Vw;Wkjpfspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;G ifj;njhopy;

Vw;WkjpfspypUe;J fpilj;j Ntisapy;> Ntshz;ik

kw;Wk; fdpg;nghUs; Vw;Wkjp ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jd.

• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ifj;njhopy;

Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH 6>331

kpy;ypaDf;F 4.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;J (Mz;bw;F

Mz;L) nkhj;j Vw;Wkjpfspy; 79 rjtPjj;jpw;F

tiuglk; 5.1

ntspehl;L tHj;jfr; nrayhw;wk;

Vw;Wkjpfs; ,wf;Fkjpfs; tHj;jf epYit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

2015 2016 2017 2018 2018 rd-Xfj;

2019 rd-Xfj;

I.m.nlh. gpy;ypad;

Chart 5.1 External Trade Performance

%yq;fs;:

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp ,yq;ifr; Rq;fk;

tif$wpd. INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; nghJthf;fg;gl;l

Kd;Dhpikfspd; jpl;lk; + kPsf; fpilg;ngw;wikapd;

ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; If;fpa mnkhpf;f - rPdh> tHj;jfg;

gjl;lq;fspd; fhuzkhf tHj;jfk; jpirjpUk;gpaik>

vd;gdtw;wpd; gad; fhuzkhf Glitfs; kw;Wk;

MilfspypUe;jhd Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH

3>737 kpy;ypaDf;F 8.3 rjtPjk; nfhz;l (Mz;bw;F

Mz;L) tsHr;rpiag; gjpTnra;jd. 2019,d; Kjy;

vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpw;fhd

Mil Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH

1>454 kpy;ypaDf;F 5.9 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jikf;F

N[Hkdp> ,j;jhyp> nejHyhe;J kw;Wk; If;fpa

,uhr;rpaj;jpypUe;jhd caHe;j Nfs;tpfs; cjtpahf

mike;j Ntisapy; If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpw;fhd Mil

Vw;Wkjpfs; I.m.nlhyH 1>539 kpy;ypaDf;F 7.7

rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd. mWitr; rpfpr;irf;Fk;

Vida Nehf;fq;fSf;Fkhd ifAiwfspd; Nkk;gl;l

nrayhw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf ,wg;gH cw;gj;jpfspypUe;jhd

Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fSk; I.m.nlhyH 591 kpy;ypaDf;F

1.2 rjtPjk; nfhz;l tsHr;rpiag; gjpTnra;jd.

2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Nghf;Ftuj;Jr;

rhjdq;fspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; 32.3 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

Mz;bw;F Mz;L mbg;gilapy; I.m.nlhyH 121

kpy;ypaDf;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; mjpfhpj;jikf;F

2019 A+dpy; ag;ghDf;fhd flw;Nghf;Ftuj;J fynkhd;W

tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;likNa Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. NkYk;>

mr;rplg;gl;l ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpfs;> mbg;gil

cNyhfq;fs; kw;Wk; mjd; nghUl;fs;> ,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;>

ituq;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpypUe;jhd

Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fSk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;Wkjpr;

nrayhw;wj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;Fg; gq;fspj;jd. vdpDk;>

ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfs;> nghwpfs; kw;Wk;

tiuglk; 5.2

Vw;Wkjpfspd; cs;slf;fk; (rd-Xfj; 2019)

Figure 5.3Composition of Exports (Jan - Aug 2019)

Njapiy 11.4%(I.m.nlh 915 kpy;.) thridj;jputpak; 2.5%

(I.m.nlh 203 kpy;.)

njq;F 2.9%(I.m.nlh 232 kpy;.)

Vida Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpfs;3.9% (I.m.nlh 317 kpy;.)

czT> Fbghdq;fs;kw;Wk; Gifapiy 3.8%(I.m.nlh 304 kpy;.)

Glitfs; kw;Wk; Milfs; 46.5% (I.m.nlh 3>737 kpy;.)

ngw;Nwhypacw;gj;jpfs; 4.1%(I.m.nlh 328 kpy;.)

,wg;gh; cw;gj;jpfs; 7.4%(I.m.nlh 591 kpy;.)

,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; nghwpapay; cgfuzq;fs; 3.4% (I.m.nlh 275 kpy;.)

,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;> ituq;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; 2.5%(I.m.nlh 200 kpy;.)

Vida ifj;njhopy;Vw;Wkjpfs; 11.2%(I.m.nlh 896 kpy;.)

fdpg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;Vida Vw;Wkjpfs; 0.4%(I.m.nlh 33 kpy;.)

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdk; kw;Wk; Vida ngw;Nwhypa Vw;wkjpahsh;fs; Njrpa ,uj;jpdf;fy; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; rig ,yq;ifr; Rq;fk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp

%yq;fs;:

5

71


ve;jpur;rhjdq;fs;> Njhy;> gazg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

fhyzpfs;> czT> Fbghdk; kw;Wk; Gifapiy

vd;gdtw;wpypUe;jhd Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs; 2018,d;

njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2019,d; Kjy;

vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tPo;r;rpaile;jd.

• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; nkhj;j

Vw;Wkjpfspy; Vwj;jho 21 rjtPjj;jpw;F tif$wpa

Ntshz;ik Vw;Wkjpfs; I.m.nlhyH 1>667 kpy;ypaDf;F

3.2 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Njapiy Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd

tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH 915 kpy;ypaDf;F 5.7

rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F Mz;L) tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F

Vw;Wkjp msTfs; 5.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;j

NghJk; Fiwe;j tpiyfNs fhuzkhf mike;jd.

2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Njapiyapd;

ruhrhp Vw;Wkjp tpiy 2018,d; ,Nj fhyg;gFjpapy;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l fp.fpwhnkhd;wpw;fhd I.m.nlhyH 5.20

cld; xg;gpLifapy; fp.fpwhnkhd;wpw;F I.m.nlhyH

4.66 ,w;F 10.3 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

thridj;jputpaq;fspypUe;jhd Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs;

I.m.nlhyH 203 kpy;ypaDf;F 9.8 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F fWth kw;Wk; kpsfpypUe;jhd

Fiwe;j tUtha;fNs Kf;fpa fhuzq;fshf

mike;jd. 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

,wg;gH kw;Wk; rpW Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpfspypUe;jhd

Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fSk; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. mNjNtis

2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; njq;F

Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; 2018,d; njhlHghd

fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 232

kpy;ypaDf;F 10.9 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd. NkYk;>

,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; flYzT Vw;Wkjpfs; I.m.nlhyH

184 kpy;ypaDf;F 8.9 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F

Mz;L) caHtile;jJld; INuhg;gpar; re;ijfSf;fhd

Vw;Wkjpfs; 23.8 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd.

• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; fdpg;nghUs;

Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH 21

kpy;ypadhf tpsq;fp 4.0 rjtPjk; nfhz;l tPo;r;rpiag;

gjpTnra;jd. ,t;tifapd; fPo; ,Uk;Gj; jhJ> ,Uk;Gf;

fopT kw;Wk; rhk;gy; fl;b vd;gdtw;wpypUe;jhd Vw;Wkjp

tUtha;fs; mjpfhpj;j Ntisapy; fw;fs; kw;Wk;

tpiyAaHe;j fw;fspd; Vw;Wkjpfs; tPo;r;rpaile;jd.

• mj;jpahtrpakw;w ,wf;Fkjpfisj; jzpg;gjw;fhf

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l nfhs;if topKiwfisj;

njhlHe;J 2018,d; gpw;gFjpapy; ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdj;jpy;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tPo;r;rpaile;J nry;Yk; Nghf;F

2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapYk; njhlHe;jJ.

,jd;gb> 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

,wf;Fkjpfs; kPjhd nrytpdk; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l I.m.nlhyH

15>083 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 12>886

kpy;ypaDf;F 14.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

,wf;Fkjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l mj;jifa Fiwg;gpw;F

,ilepiyg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;FkjpfspYk; mjidj;

njhlHe;J EfHTg;nghUl;fspYk; Vw;gl;l fLikahd

tPo;r;rpNa Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;jJ. mNjNtis>

ghprPyidf;Fhpa fhyg;gFjpapy; vhpnghUs; jtpHe;j

,wf;Fkjpfspd; nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 10>309

kpy;ypaDf;F 16.3 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

• nkhj;j ,wf;Fkjpfspy; Vwj;jho 57 rjtPjk; nfhz;l

ghhpa gq;fpw;F tif$Wk; ,ilepiyg;nghUl;fspd;

kPjhd nrytpdk; 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

I.m.nlhyH 7>380 kpy;ypaDf;F 11.7 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

(Mz;Lf;F Mz;L) tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. Glitfs; kw;Wk;

Glitg;nghUl;fs;> fdpg;nghUs; cw;gj;jpfs; jtpHe;j

midj;J tiffspYk; fhzg;gl;l Fiwe;j nrytpdk;

,f;Fiwg;gpw;Fg; gq;fspj;jpUf;fpwJ. 2019,d; Kjy;

vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; vhpnghUs; ,wf;Fkjpfs;

kPjhd nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 2>577 kpy;ypaDf;F 6.9

rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F krnfz;nzapd;

msT 17.2 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;j NghJk;

Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ngw;Nwhypak; kw;Wk; epyf;fhpapdJk;

Fiwe;j msTfNs Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. Ma;tpw;Fhpa

fhyg;gFjpapy; midj;J vhpnghUs; cw;gj;jpfspdJk;

tpiyfs; xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; FiwthfNt fhzg;gl;ld.

2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ,yq;if

ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpdhy; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l

krnfz;nzapd; ruhrhp tpiy 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj

tiuglk; 5.3

,wf;Fkjpfspd; cs;slf;fk; (rd-Xfj; 2019)Figure 5.4Composition of Imports (Jan -Aug 2019)

czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs; 7.1%(I.m.nlh. 917 kpy;.)

czty;yh Efh;Tg;nghUl;fs; 12.3% (I.m.nlh. 1>582 kpy;.)

vhpnghUs; 20.0% (I.m.nlh. 2>577 kpy;.)

Glitfs; kw;Wk; Glitg; nghUl;fs; 14.6% (I.m.nlh. 1>877 kpy;.)

Vida ,ilepiyg;nghUl;fs; 22.7%(I.m.nlh. 2>926 kpy;.)

KjyPl;Lg;nghUl;fs;23.3%

(I.m.nlh. 3>002 kpy;.)

Vida ,wf;Fkjpfs; 0.1%(I.m.nlh. 5 kpy;.)

,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdk; kw;Wk; Vida ngw;Nwhypa Vw;wkjpahsh;fs; ,yq;ifr; Rq;fk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp

%yq;fs;:

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72


fhyg;gFjpapd; gPg;gha; xd;wpw;fhd I.m.nlhyH 76.49

,ypUe;J gPg;gha; xd;wpw;F I.m.nlhyH 69.13 ,w;F

tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;> ngWkjpkpf;f fw;fs; kw;Wk; cNyhf

,wf;Fkjpfs; vd;gd kPjhd nrytpdk; 2018,d;

njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH

118 kpy;ypaDf;F 77.2 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

,jw;F ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fkpilapyhd jPHit

NtWghLfspypUe;J Njhd;Wfpd;w rhj;jpakhd rl;lj;jpw;F

Kuzhd tzpfj;jpidj; jilnra;tjw;fhf 2018 Vg;gpwypy;

15 rjtPjk; nfhz;l Rq;fj; jPHit tpjpf;fg;gl;likapidj;

njhlHe;J jq;fj;jpd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; Fiwtile;jikNa

fhuzkhFk;. NkYk;> ,urhad cw;gj;jpfs;> gpshj;jpf;F

kw;Wk; gpshj;jpf;Fg; nghUl;fs;> tskhf;fp> mbg;gil

cNyhfq;fs;> NfhJik kw;Wk; Nrhsk;> jhs; kw;Wk;

jhs; ml;ilfs; kw;Wk; mjd; nghUl;fs; vd;gd kPjhd

,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; tPo;r;rpaile;jd.

mNjNtis> Glit kw;Wk; Glitg;nghUl;fspd; kPjhd

,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 1>877 kpy;ypaDf;F

1.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jikf;F E}ypio kw;Wk;

Jzpfspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng fhuzkhFk;. 2019,d;

Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; rpnke;J J}z;fspdhy;

ce;jg;gl;l fdpg;nghUs; cw;gj;jpfspd; ,wf;FkjpfSk;

5.7 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd.

• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; EfHTg;nghUl;fs;

kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F czT

kw;Wk; Fbghdq;fs;> czty;yh EfHTg;nghUl;fs;

,uz;bd; kPJkhd Fiwe;j nryTfNs fhuzkhFk;.

,jd;gb> 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

EfHTg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; 2018,d; njhlHghd

fhyg;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 3>441 kpy;ypadpypUe;J

I.m.nlhyH 2>499 kpy;ypaDf;F 27.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jd. EfHTg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfspy; 63

rjtPjj;jpw;F tif$Wk; czty;yh EfHTg;nghUl;fspd;

kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 1>582

kpy;ypaDf;F 31.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F Mz;L)

tPo;r;rpile;jJ. mj;jifa Fiwg;gpw;F I.m.nlhyH 496

kpy;ypaDf;F 54.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;j jdpahs;

CHjpfspd; Fiwe;j ,wf;Fkjpfs; Kf;fpa J}z;Ljyhf

tpsq;fp jdpahs; ce;J CHjpfspd; ,wf;Fkjp kPjhd

ghhpa nrytpdj;jpid Cf;fkpof;fr; nra;tjw;fhf

2018 Xfj;jpypUe;J entk;gH tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy;

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l nfhs;if topKiwfspd;

jhf;fj;ijg; gpujpgypg;gjhf mike;jJ. vdpDk;>

mj;jifa fl;Lg;ghLfs; 2019 khr;rpy; mfw;wg;gl;l

Ntisapy; njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l jdpahs; ce;J CHjp

tiffspd; kPjhd fyhy; jPHit mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ce;J

CHjpfspd; ,wf;Fkjpf;fhd rYif hPjpahd chpikg;

gj;jpuq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ njhlHgpyhd Fwpg;gpl;l

fl;Lg;ghLfs; mfw;wg;gl;likahdJ mz;ika khjq;fspy;

ce;J CHjpfspd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; mjpfhpg;gjw;Fg;

gq;fspj;jpUf;fpd;wd. Milfs; kw;Wk; Jizg;nghUl;fs;>

tPl;L cgNahfg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; jsghlg;nghUl;fs;>

tPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly;

fUtpfs; vd;gd kPjhd ,wf;FkjpfSk; Ma;tpw;Fhpa

fhyg;gFjpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;jd.

vdpDk;> kUe;J kw;Wk; kUe;jhf;fy; nghUl;fspd;

,wf;Fkjpfs; kPjhd nrytpdk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; 0.4

rjtPjj;jpdhy; rpwpjstpy; mjpfhpj;jJ. 2019,d; Kjy;

vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; czT kw;Wk; Fbghdq;fs;

kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 917

kpy;ypaDf;F 20.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F

(Mz;bw;F Mz;L) jhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; miuf;Fk; Miy

cw;gj;jpfs; kPjhd nrytpdj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tPor;rpNa

Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. jhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; miuf;Fk;

Miy cw;gj;jpfspd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; 80.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F 2018Æ19 ngUk;Nghf fhyj;jpy;

mghpkpjkhd mWtilapypUe;J fpilj;j Nkk;gl;l

cs;ehl;L epuk;giyg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w tpjj;jpy; mhprp

,wf;Fkjpfs; tPo;r;rpaile;jikNa fhuzkhFk;. rPdp>

fha;fwpfs;> gz;iz cw;gj;jpfs;> vz;nza; kw;Wk;

nfhOg;G Nghd;w czT kw;Wk; Fbghdq;fspd; fPohd

Vida tiffs; kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdKk;

tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

KjyPl;Lg;nghUl;fspd; kPjhd nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH

3>002 kpy;ypaDf;F 6.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F Mz;L)

tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F midj;J Kf;fpa tiffspYk;

Vw;gl;l tPo;r;rpNa fhuzkhFk;. tHj;jf hPjpahd thlif

CHjpfs;> ruf;F tz;bfs;> NgUe;Jfs; mNjNghd;W

fg;gy;fs; kw;Wk; glFfs; Nghd;w tHj;jf hPjpahd

CHjpfspd; Fiwe;j ,wf;Fkjpfspy; gpujpgypf;fg;gl;lthW

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rhjdq;fs; kPjhd nrytpdk; 22.7

rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. mj;jifa Fiwg;gpd;

ngUk;gFjpf;F 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l ehd;F fg;gy;fspd; jsj;

jhf;fNk fhuzkhFk;. fl;lthf;fg; nghUl;fspd; kPjhd

,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; 0.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; rpwpjstpy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,Uk;G kw;Wk; cUf;F> rpnke;J

kw;Wk; ku cw;gj;jpfspd; Fiwe;j ,wf;FkjpfNs Kf;fpa

fhuzkhFk;. mNjNtis> nghwp kw;Wk; rhjdq;fspd;

,wf;Fkjp 5.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;J nghwpfs;

kw;Wk; fUtpfspd; cjphpg;ghfq;fs;> mr;rply; nghwpfs;>

mYtyf ve;jpuq;fs;> Glitf; ifj;njhopy; nghwpfs;>

,yj;jpudpay; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly;

fUtpfs; vd;gdtw;wpd; jho;e;j ,wf;Fkjpfisg;

5

73


gpujpgypf;fpwJ. KjyPl;Lg; nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfspy;

fhzg;gl;l tPo;r;rp 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khjq;fspd;

$Ljyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; epytpa kpjkhd

eltbf;iffisg; gpujpgypg;gjhf ,Ue;jJ.

tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk;

• Vw;Wkjp tpiyfs; ,wf;Fkjp tpiyfspd; tPo;r;rpapYk;

ghHf;f tpiuthd Ntfj;jpy; tPo;r;rpaile;jikapd;

fhuzkhf 2018,d; njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpAld;

xg;gpLifapy; 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk; rpwpjstpdhy; Nja;tile;jJ.

2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; xl;Lnkhj;j

Vw;Wkjp tpiyr;Rl;nlz; 2018,d; njhlHghd

fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 5.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F Glitfs; kw;Wk; Milfs;>

,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;> ituq;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs;> nghwp

kw;Wk; ve;jpur; rhjdq;fs;> czT> Fbghdq;fs; kw;Wk;

Gifapiy kw;Wk; mbg;gil cNyhfq;fs;> ifj;njhopy;

Vw;Wkjpfspd; fPo; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUl;fs;

vd;gdtw;wpd; Fiwe;j tpiyfSk; mNjNghd;W

fha;fwpfs; jtpHe;j Ntshz;ik Vw;Wkjpfspd; fPohd

midj;Jj; Jiz tiffspdJk; Fiwe;j tpiyfSk;

Kf;fpa fhuzq;fshf mike;jd. xl;Lnkhj;j ,wf;Fkjp

tpiyr;Rl;nlz; ,Nj fhyg;gFjpapy; 4.9 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,wf;Fkjpfspd; midj;J

Kf;fpa tiffspdJk; tpiyf; Fiwg;Gf;fNs Kf;fpa

fhuzkhFk;. ,ilepiyg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfspd;

fPo; vhpnghUs;> Glitfs; kw;Wk; Glitg;nghUl;fs;>

ituq;fs;> ngWkjpkpf;f fw;fs; kw;Wk; cNyhfq;fs;>

gpshj;jpf;F kw;Wk; mjd; nghUl;fs;> ,wg;gH kw;Wk;

mjd; nghUl;fs;> Ntshz;ik cs;sPLfs; vd;gdtw;wpd;

jho;e;j tpiyfs; ,wf;Fkjp tpiyr;Rl;nlz;

tPo;r;rpailtjw;F Kf;fpakhfg; gq;fspj;jd.

KjyPl;Lg;nghUl;fSld; njhlHghd tpiyr;Rl;nlz;

tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F nghwpfs; kw;Wk; rhjdq;fs;>

fl;llthf;fg;nghUl;fspd; jho;e;j tpiyfs; fhuzkhf

,Ue;j Ntisapy; fha;fwpfs;> rPdp kw;Wk; ,dpg;G

tiffs;> ghw;gz;iz cw;gj;jpfs;> tPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs;

kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly; fUtpfs; vd;gdtw;wpd;

jho;e;j tpiyfspd; fhuzkhf EfHTg;nghUl;fspd;

tpiyfs; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. ,jw;fika> 2019,d; Kjy;

vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk; 2018,d;

njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpapd; 104.3 Rl;nlz; Gs;spfspypUe;J

104.2 Rl;nlz; Gs;spfSf;F 0.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F

Mz;L) Nja;tile;jJ. mNjNtis> vz;nza; njhlHghd

cw;gj;jpfs; ePq;fyhf tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk; Mz;bd;

Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; 0.5 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

(Mz;bw;F Mz;L) tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

gzpfspyhd tHj;jfk; 1

• Kjw;fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; Nkk;gl;l nrayhw;wk; fhzg;gl;l

NghJk;> capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjiy cldLj;J ,uz;lhk;

fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; gzpfs; fzf;F gpd;diltpdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. 2019,d; Nk kw;Wk; A+d; khjq;fspy;

Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd tUtha;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ff;

Fiwg;nghd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. Rw;Wyh tUiffspy;

Vw;gl;l Fiwg;Gk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwapd; gazpfs;

gzpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fspd; kPJk; jhf;fj;jpid

Vw;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk;> ,wf;Fkjpfspy; Vw;gl;l RUf;fk;

2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ruf;Fg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; kPJk;

jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;>

fzdpfs; gzpfs; Jiw njhlHe;Jk; mjd; cj;Ntfk;

kpf;f tsHr;rpiag; gjpTnra;J fle;j Mz;bd; ,Nj

fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;

10.7 rjtPjk; nfhz;l mjpfhpg;gpidg; gjpTnra;jJ.

tpisthf> fhuzkhf 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;

gzpfs; Jiwapd; kpif 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;

fhzg;gl;l I.m.nlhyH 1.9 gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy;

I.m.nlhyH 1.6 gpy;ypaDf;Fr; RUf;fkile;jJ.

Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpfs;

• njhlHghd mjpfhhpfspdhy; vLf;fg;gl;l nghUj;jkhd

eltbf;iffspypUe;J fpilj;j gad;fspd; fhuzkhf

1 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapid cs;slf;fpa

tzpfg;nghUs; tHj;jfj; juT ePq;fyhf nrd;kjp epYitapYs;s

ngUk;ghyhd kw;iwa juTfs; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpf;F

khj;jpuNk fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;sJ.

tiuglk; 5.4

tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk; kw;Wk; tHj;jfr; Rl;nlz;fs;

Vw;Wkjp myF

ngWkjpr; Rl;nlz;

,wf;Fkjp myF

ngWkjpr; Rl;nlz tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk;

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 rd-Xfj;

Rl;nlz; Gs;spfs; (2010=100)

Figure 5.5 Terms of Trade and Trade Indices

%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp

5

74


capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjy;fisj; njhlHe;J ,yq;if

Rw;Wyhf; ifj;njhopy; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;ljpYk; ghHf;f

tpiuthd Ntfj;jpy; kPl;rpaile;J tUfpwJ. 2019,d;

Kjy; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; Kd;ndhUNghJkpy;yhj kpf

caHe;j fhyhz;L Rw;Wyh tUiffisg; gjpTnra;jjd;

%yk; 4.6 rjtPj tsHr;rpiag; gjpTnra;j Rw;Wyhf;

ifj;njhopy; capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjypdhy; kpf

Nkhrkhfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb> 2019,d; Kjy;

xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ifj;njhopypd; nrayhw;wk;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F Nkhrkile;J 1>376>312 Rw;Wyhg;

gazpfSf;F 20.5 rjtPjk; nfhz;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd

tPo;r;rpiag; gjpTnra;jJ. Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd;

tPo;r;rpAld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy; Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd

tUtha;fs; 2019,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy;

I.m.nlhyH 2>583 kpy;ypad; vd kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ.

nfhs;if kl;lj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpYk; chpa

Neuj;jpYk; vLf;fg;gl;l kPl;G topKiwfs;> ghJfhg;G

epiyikfspy; Vw;gl;l Kd;Ndw;wk;> Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapy;

fhzg;gl;l tpahghuq;fSf;fhd epjpapay; cjtp kw;Wk;

Rw;Wyh Cf;Ftpg;G vd;gd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;ljpYk;

ghHf;f tpiuthd Ntfj;jpy; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd;

tUiffs; kPnsOr;rpaila cjtpd. 2019,d; Nk

kw;Wk; A+d; khjq;fspy; Kf;fpa Rw;Wyh ehLfspdhy;

,yq;if kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;l gaz MNyhridfs;

nkd;ikg;gLj;jg;gl;lik gpd;dilTfspypUe;J

kPl;gjw;fhf ,yq;if mjpfhhpfspdhy; vLf;fg;gl;l

Kd;Kaw;rpfSf;F cjtpahf mike;jJ. nrj;njk;ghpy;

Nkhrkhd jd;iknahd;W gjpTnra;ag;gl;l NghjpYk;

Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUiffspy; fhzg;gl;l khjhe;j

tPo;r;rp mz;ika khjq;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy;

Nkk;gl;lJ. 2019,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy;>

gpuhe;jpaq;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; nkhj;j tUiffspy;

Vwj;jho 18 rjtPjj;jpw;F tif$Wk; Nkw;F

INuhg;ghtpypUe;jhd Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUifs;

17.5 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Mz;bw;F Mz;L tPo;r;rpaile;j

Ntisapy; njd;dhrpah ehLfspypUe;jhd tUiffs;

20.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. ehLfspd;

mbg;gilapyhd gFg;gha;Tfspd; epajpfspy; 2019,d;

Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ,e;jpahtpypUe;jhd

Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUiffs; 2018,d; njhlHghd

fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 241>666 tUiffSf;F 19.9

rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;j Ntisapy; rPdhtpypUe;jhd

tUiffs; 123>220 tUiffSf;F 41.3 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

kpff; $Ljyhf tPo;r;rpaile;jd.

• Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUiffspy; gpd;dilTfs;

fhzg;gl;l NghJk; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Rw;Wyhf;

ifj;njhopy; njhlHe;Jk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f KjyPLfisf;

ftHe;jJ. 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ,yq;if Rw;Wyh

mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurigapy; mike;Js;s KjyPl;lhsH

njhlHGfs; myF (xNu $iuapd; fPohd myF vd

Kd;dH mwpag;gl;lJ). I.m.nlhyH 26 kpy;ypad; ngWkjp

nfhz;l 32 tpLjpr; nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;F xg;Gjiy

toq;fpaJ. ,jd;gb> 2010,y; KjyPl;lhsH njhlHGfs;

myF Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J 2019 A+d; ,Wjpastpy;

19>218 miw ,aystpidf; nfhz;l nkhj;j KjyPlhd

I.m.nlhyH 2>981 kpy;ypaDld; 382 Rw;WyhtpLjpr;

nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;F xg;Gjiy toq;fpaJ. ,jpy; 6>797

miwfSld; $ba 107 nraw;wpl;lq;fs; fl;Lkhdj;jpd;

fPo; ,Ue;j Ntisapy; 10>211 miwfSld; $ba 207

nraw;wpl;lq;fs; 2019 A+d; ,Wjpastpy; njhopw;glj;

njhlq;fpd. 2019,d; Kjw;fhyhz;Lg; gFjpapy; 66

Rw;WyhtpLjpfSf;fhf I.m.nlhyH 107 kpy;ypad;

ngWkjp nfhz;l Gjpa Kd;nkhopTfs; ngwg;gl;lJld;

tiuglk; 5.6

ehLfspd;gb Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUif (rd-nrj; 2019)

,e;jpah 18%

If;fpa ,uhr;rpak; 11%

rPdh 9%

N[Hkdp 7%

gpuhd;R5%

mT];jpNuypah5%

If;fpamnkhpf;fh

4%

Urpah 4%

khiyj;jPTfs; 3%

fdlh 3%

nejHyhe;J 2%

,j;jhyp2%

ag;ghd; 2%

Rtpw;rpyhe;J 2%

cf;nua;d; 2%

Vidait 21%

%yk;: ,yq;ifr; Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig

tiuglk; 5.5

Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUiffs; kw;Wk; Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd tUtha;fs;

Figure 5.5Toursit Arrivals and Earnings from Tourism

tUiffs; - 2018 tUiffs; - 2019

tUtha;fs; - 2018 (tyJ mr;R) tUtha;fs; - 2019 (tyJ mr;R)

0

100

200

300

400

500

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

rd ngg; khr; Vg; Nk A+d; A+iy Xfj; nrj; xj; ent jpnr

Rw;W

yht

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hd t

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py;.)

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Uiffs; '0

00

,yq;ifr; Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp

%yq;fs;:

5

75


,r;nraw;wpl;lq;fs; epiwtilAk; nghOJ ,j;njhopy;

Jiwf;F 1>407 miwfs; NrHf;fg;gLk;. capHj;j QhapW

jhf;Fjypd; gpd;dH I.m.nlhyH 19 kpy;ypad; ngWkjp

nfhz;l 25 Gjpa Kd;nkhopTfs; fpilf;fg;ngw;wpUg;gjhdJ

,yq;ifapy; Rw;Wyhf; ifj;njhopypd; cs;shHe;j tsj;jpd;

kPJ KjyPl;lhsHfs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; njhlHr;rpahd

MHtj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf ,Ug;gjidf; ftdpj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

• capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjypd; gpd;dH Rw;Wyhf;

ifj;njhopiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F mNef topKiwfs;

vLf;fg;gl;l Ntisapy; Rw;Wyh cghaj; jpl;lk; 2017

- 2020 ,d; fPo; nfhs;if Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; njhlHe;Jk;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fj;jypd;

Nkhrkhd jhf;fj;ijj; jzpf;Fk; nghUl;L Rw;Wyh

Cf;Ftpg;G> epjp kw;Wk; ,iw MjuTfspd; kPJ

tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb> Rw;Wyhj;

njhopy;JiwapYs;s gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tpahghuq;fspdhy;

vLf;fg;gl;l fld;fs; njhlHgpy; %yjdk; kw;Wk;

tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTfs; ,uz;bd; kPJk; 2020 khr;R 31

nry;Ygbahff;$ba tpjj;jpy; 2019 Nkapy; gLfld;

rl;l ,irTj; jhkjk; cl;gl> nghUshjhu epthuzg;

nghjpnahd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> gLfld;

rl;l ,irTj; jhkjj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghf Rw;Wyhf;

ifj;njhopypd; Kiwrhuh MHtyHfis Kf;fpa

ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L 2019 Nkapy; epjp mikr;rpdhy;

jdpahd epthuzg; nghjpnahd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

NkYk;> gjpTnra;ag;gl;l Rw;WyhtpLjpfs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wg;

gazj; njhopw;ghl;lhsHfs; kPjhd ngWkjpNrH thp 2019

A+d; 1Mk; ehspypUe;J 2020 khr;R 31Mk; ehs; tiuahd

fhyg;gFjpf;F 15 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 7 rjtPjj;jpw;Ff;

Fiwf;fg;gl;l Ntisapy; cNyhfq;fisf; fz;lwpAk;

fUtpfs; Nghd;w ghJfhg;Gld; njhlHghd rhjdq;fspd;

kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpj; jPHit mfw;wg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis>

,yq;if Rw;Wyh Cf;Ftpg;Gg; gzpafk;> milahsk;

fhzg;gl;l re;ijfspy; Cf;Ftpg;G eltbf;ifis

NkYk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ. FWq;fhy cyfshtpa

gpur;rhuq;fs;> ,e;jpa re;ijia ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l

tpNrl nghjpfs; Nghd;w gy Cf;Ftpg;G eltbf;iffs;

gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy;fspd; gpd;duhd fhyg;gFjpapy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. 2019,y; cyfpy; tp[ak; nra;a

Ntz;ba KjyhtJ ehlhf ,yq;if Nyhd;yp

gpsndw;wpdhy; kPs cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lik kw;Wk; 2019,y;

cyfpd; tp[ak; nra;aj;jf;f KjyhtJ ehlhf uty; + ny~H rQ;rpifapdhy; ,yq;if mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ

Rw;Wyhj; njhopy;Jiw kPl;rpailtjid tpiuTgLj;j

cjTk;.

Kjyhe;ju tUkhdk;

• Kjyhe;ju tUkhdf; fzf;fpd; gw;whf;Fiw ntspehl;L

Neub KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpfspdhy; gq;fpyhgq;fSk;

kPs;KjyPl;L tUtha;fSk; caHe;jstpw;Fj; jha;ehl;bw;Fj;

jpUg;gpaDg;gg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf tphptile;jJ. 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Kjyhe;ju tUkhdf; fzf;fpd;

gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 992

kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 1>097 kpy;ypadhf

tpsq;fpaJ. Neub KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rp caHe;jsT

gq;fpyhgq;fis jha;ehl;bw;Fj; jpUg;gpaDg;gpaJld;

2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; caHe;j

njhifapid kPs;KjyPLk; nra;jpUf;fpd;wd. 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ntspehl;Lf; fld;fs; kPjhd

tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTfs; 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpAld;

xg;gpLifapy; caHthf ,Ue;jd. vdpDk;>

,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; gLfld; gpizaq;fs; kPjhd tl;bf;

nfhLg;gdTfs; rpwpjsT Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;likf;F

2018,y; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapdhy; itj;jpUf;fg;gl;l

I.m.nlhyH 1 gpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;l gd;dhl;L Kwpapd;

kPs;nfhLg;gdTk; fhuzq;fshf mike;jd. 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Fr;

nrhj;Jf;fspd; kPjhd tUkhdKk; 2018Mk; Mz;bd;

njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; rpwpjsT

Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis> ntspehl;L

KjyPLfspd; kPjhd Njwpa tUkhdg; ngWiffs; 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; rpwpjsthfj; njhlHe;JkpUe;jd.

,uz;lhe;ju tUkhdk;

• 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ,uz;lhe;j tUkhdf; fzf;fpy;

fhzg;gl;l kpif kpjkile;jJ. 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;

njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fs; 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd;

I.m.nlhyH 3>624 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH

3>270 kpy;ypaDf;F 9.8 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwtile;jJ.

2019,d; Kjw;fhyhz;by; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fspy;

nkJthd Nghf;nfhd;W mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l NghJk;

2019,d; Vg;gpwy; kw;Wk; A+d; khjq;fspy; gbg;gbahd

kPl;rpnahd;W mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. gd;dhl;L ngw;Nwhypa

tpiyfspy; jsk;gy; fhzg;gLfpd;wikf;fpilapYk;

kj;jpa fpof;Fg; nghUshjhuq;fspd; nghUshjhu

tsHr;rp tha;g;Gf;fspdhy; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fs;

ghjpf;fg;glf;$Lk; Nghy; njhpfpwJ. 2019,d; Kjy;

xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fs;

2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH


kpy;ypaDf;F 6.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwtile;jJ.

5

76


eilKiwf; fzf;F kPjp

• Kjw;fhyhz;Lg; gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l kpif

,uz;lhk; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l ghhpa

gw;whf;Fiwapd; %yk; vjphPL nra;ag;gl;likapdhy;

2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; eilKiwf; fzf;F

rpwpjsT gw;whf;Fiwnahd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jJ. ,jd;gb>

2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; eilKiwf; fzf;Fg;

gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l

I.m.nlhyH 1>609 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l gw;whf;FiwAld;

xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 225 kpy;ypad; gw;whf;Fiwiag;

gjpTnra;jJ. ,wf;Fkjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;ff;

Fiwg;G Vw;Wkjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l cWjpahd tsHr;rp

vd;gdtw;wpd; fhuzkhf tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw

RUf;fkile;J eilKiwf; fzf;fpd; gw;whf;Fiwiaf;

Fiwg;gjw;F Kf;fpakhfg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sJ.

2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 5>709 kpy;ypaDld;

xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 3>597 kpy;ypaDf;F I.m.nlhyH

2>112 kpy;ypadhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

%yjdf; fzf;F kPjp

• 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; %yjdf; fzf;fpw;fhd

cl;gha;r;ry;fs; kpjkhfj; njhlHe;JkpUe;jJ. Njwpa

mbg;gilapy; Mz;bd; Kjyiug; gFjpapy; %yjdf;

fzf;fpw;fhd cl;gha;r;ry;fs; 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd;

I.m.nlhyH 10 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH

8 kpy;ypaDf;Fr; rpwpjsthy; tPo;r;rpaile;J %yjdf;

nfhilfspd; ngWiffspy; kpjkhd jd;iknahd;iwg;

gpujpgypj;jJ.

epjpapay; fzf;F

• Njwpa nghWg;Gf;fSf;Fs;shFk; jd;ik 2018,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 2>723 kpy;ypaDld;

xg;gpLifapy; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH

2>315 kpy;ypadhf tpsq;fpaJ. epjpapay; fzf;fpd;

nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; murhq;fj;jpd; ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L

Kwpfspd; toq;fy; kw;Wk; kPs;nfhLg;gdTfspdhy;

ngUkstpw;F tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. 2019 khr;R kw;Wk; A+d;

khjq;fspy; murhq;fk; I.m.nlhyH 4.4 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l

ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfis ntw;wpfukhf toq;fpa

Ntisapy; KjpHr;rpaile;j ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L

Kwpfspd; I.m.nlhyH 1.5 gpy;ypaid kPsr;nrYj;jpaJ.

vdpDk;> 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; epjpapay;

fzf;fpw;fhd ngUk;ghyhd Vida cl;gha;r;ry;fs;

kpjkhditahfj; njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gl;ld. ntspehl;Lf;

fld;fs; cl;gl Njwpa Neub KjyPLfs; 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 501 kpy;ypadhf tpsq;fpd.

,J> 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd; mk;ghe;Njhl;ilj;

JiwKfj;jpd; ePz;l fhyf; Fj;jiffspypUe;jhd

ngWiffisAk; cs;slf;fpa I.m.nlhyH 1.4 gpy;ypad;

nfhz;l ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;Lg; ngWiffistplf;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;Ff; Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Njwpa ntspehl;L

Neub KjyPLfspd; cl;gha;r;ry;fs; nrhj;Jf;fspd;

mgptpUj;jp> njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly;fs;> Rw;WyhtpLjpfs;>

JiwKfq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;fyd; Kidf;Nfhb Nghd;w

Jiwfspy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. gq;Fhpik

%yjd tbtj;jpyhd nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; KjyPLfs;

2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 150 kpy;ypad;

nfhz;l Njwpa cl;gha;r;ry;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;

2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 9 kpy;ypad;

nfhz;l Njwpa cl;gha;r;riyg; gjpTnra;jJ. 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; kw;Wk;

jpiwNrhp Kwpfspy; ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; 2018,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 176 kpy;ypaDld;

xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 96 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l

Njwpa ntspg;gha;r;rnyhd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jd.

2019,d; Kjw;fhyhz;by; mur gpizaq;fs; Njwpa

cl;gha;r;rnyhd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jnjdpDk; capHj;j

QhapWj; jhf;Fjypid cldLj;J Fwpg;ghf> 2019 Vg;gpwy;

kw;Wk; Nkapy; xusT jsk;gy;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;likapd;

fhuzkhf Kjiug;gFjpapy; mur gpizaq;fs; kPjhd

ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; Njwpa ntspg;gha;r;rnyhd;wpidg;

gjpTnra;jd. mNjNtis> 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;

tiuglk; 5.7

nrd;kjp epYitfs; Figure 5.8 Balance of Payments

th;j;jf epYit eilKiw fzf;F epYit jpuz;l epYit

2016 2017 2018 2019 Kjyiu

2019 ,uz;lhkiu

vwpT

I.m.nlh. gpy;ypad;

-10

-12

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4


5

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ntspehl;Lf; fld; nghWg;Gf;fs; I.m.nlhyH 645

kpy;ypadpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;J murhq;fk;> itg;Gf;fis

Vw;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdq;fs;> jdpahH Jiw kw;Wk;

murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpahghuj; njhopy;Kaw;rpfs;

vd;gdtw;wpd; Njwpa kPs;nfhLg;gdtpidg; gpujpgypj;jd.

vdpDk;> gd;dhl;L ehza epjpaj;jpd; tphpthf;fg;gl;l

trjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 164 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l MwhtJ

njhFjp ngwg;gl;likapd; fhuzkhf kj;jpa tq;fpapd;

nghWg;Gf;fs; mjpfhpj;jd. jdpahH Jiw tHj;jfg;

gw;whf;Fiw tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ntspepd;w tHj;jff; nfhLfldpy;

Vw;gl;l Fiwg;Ng Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;j

Ntisapy; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT

xd;wpaj;Jldhd kj;jpa tq;fpapd; nghWg;Gf;fs;

Fiwtile;jd.

• 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fspd;

Njwpa ifNaw;G> 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH


kpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fspy; Vw;gl;l

,t;tjpfhpg;gpw;F Mz;bd; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH

1.8 gpy;ypadhy; nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffspy; Vw;gl;l

mjpfhpg;Gf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJld; ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L

Kwpfspd; toq;fypdJk; kPs;nfhLg;gdTfspdJk; Njwpa

jhf;fk; Kf;fpa fhuzkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis>

cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapypUe;jhd

kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapd; Njwpa

nfhs;tdTfSk; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; nkhj;j

mYty;rhH xJf;Ffis mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjtpd.

nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;G

I.m.nlhyH 2.2 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehzak; kw;Wk;

itg;Gf;fspd; mjpfhpg;gpy; gpujpgypf;fg;gl;l Ntisapy;>

epiyahd tUkhdg; gpizaq;fs; I.m.nlhyH 363

kpy;ypadhy; Fiwtile;jd. tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd;

ehzak; kw;Wk; itg;Gr; nrhj;Jf;fSk; 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 41 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l

mjpfhpg;gpidg; gjpTnra;jd. mNjNtis> itg;Gf;fis

Vw;fpd;w $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspdhYk; jdpahH JiwapdhYk;

tjptw;NwhUf;F toq;fg;gl;l tHj;jff; nfhLfld;fSk;

Kw;gzq;fSk; $l Mz;bd; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tPo;r;rpiag;

gjpTnra;jd. NkYk;> Mz;bd; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Neub

KjyPl;L ntspg;gha;r;ry;fspy; kpjkhd kl;lnkhd;Wk;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;lJ.

gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyik

• tjptw;NwhUldhd ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lr;

nrhj;J epiyik gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyik

gpujpgypf;fg;gl;lthW 2018,d; ,WjpapypUe;J 2019 A+d;

,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 1.9 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;jJ.

ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; ,Ug;G epiyik 2018

,Wjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 6.9 gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy;

2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 8.9 gpy;ypadhf

tpsq;fpa nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffspy; Vw;gl;l

mjpfhpg;gpd; tpisthf Kf;fpakhf mjpfhpj;jJ. xJf;Fr;

nrhj;Jf;fspd; epiyik mjpfhpj;jikf;F ehl;bw;fhd

gd;dhl;L Kwpfspd; ngWiffs; fpilf;fg;ngw;wik>

cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapy;

kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ntspehl;Lr;

nryhtzpapd; Njwpa nfhs;tdTfs;> gd;dhl;L ehza

epjpak; - tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa trjpapd; MwhtJ

njhFjp fpilf;fg;ngw;wik vd;gd fhuzq;fshf

mike;jd. mNjNtis> tjpTs;s ,yq;ifaHfspdhy;

ntspehLfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Neub KjyPLfisg;

gpujpgypf;fpd;w Neub KjyPl;Lr; nrhj;J epiyik 2018

,WjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; rpwpjsT

mjpfhpj;jJ. ehzak; kw;Wk; itg;Gr; nrhj;J epiyikAk;

itg;Gf;fis Vw;fpd;w $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspdhy; ngwj;jf;f

Vida fzf;Ffspd; ntspepd;w epiyikAk; 2019

A+d; ,Wjpapy; rpwpjsthy; mjpfhpj;jd. mNjNtis>

itg;Gf;fis Vw;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspdhYk; jdpahH

JiwapdhYk; toq;fg;gl;l tHj;jff; nfhLfld;fisAk;

Kw;gzq;fisAk; gpujpgypf;fpd;w tHj;jff; nfhLfld;

kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fspd; ntspepd;w nrhj;J epiyik

,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; rpwpjsT tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

• 2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyikapdhy;

gpujpgypf;fg;gl;lthW tjptw;NwhUf;fhd ,yq;ifapd;

nkhj;jg; nghWg;G epiyikfs; Vwj;jho I.m.nlhyH 1.5

gpy;ypadhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; mjpfhpj;jJ. nkhj;jg;

nghWg;G epiyik 2018 jpnrk;gH ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH

62.5 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 64.0

gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jJ. ,f;Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mjpfhpg;gpw;F

murhq;fj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L

Kwpfspd; ntspepd;w nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l Njwpa

mjpfhpg;Ng Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. 2019,y; murhq;fk;

I.m.nlhyH 4.4 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L

Kwpfis toq;fpa Ntisapy; Kd;dH toq;fg;gl;l

I.m.nlhyH 1.5 gpy;ypad; njhif nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd

gd;dhl;L Kwpfis kPs;nfhLg;gdT nra;jJ. NkYk;> Neub

KjyPl;Lg; nghWg;Gf;fs; Neub KjyPl;Lg; gha;r;ry;fspy;

Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Gld; NrHe;J rpwpjsT mjpfhpg;Gf;fisg;

gjpTnra;j Ntisapy; nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fg; ghptHj;jidapy;

gl;bayplg;gl;l Neub KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ngWkjp ,og;Gf;fs; Vw;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tHj;jf tq;fpfs; kw;Wk;

jdpahH Jiwapd; ntspepd;w nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; KjyPl;Lg;

5

78


nghWg;G epiyik gd;dhl;L Kwpfspy; Gjpa toq;fy;fNsh

my;yJ KjpHr;rpfNsh fhzg;glhikapd; fhuzkhf

mNjkl;lj;jpy; njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis>

nkhj;j ntspehl;Lf; fld; nghWg;Gf;fs; 2018 ,Wjpapd;

I.m.nlhyH 30.4 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy;

I.m.nlhyH 29.9 gpy;ypaDf;F tPo;r;rpnahd;iwg;

gjpTnra;jJ. ,jw;F tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; ntspepd;w

fld; nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tPo;r;rp

Kf;fpa fhuzkhf ,Ue;j Ntisapy; murhq;fj;jpdJk;

jdpahH JiwapdJk; ntspepd;w fld; nghWg;Gf;fSk;

Fiwtile;jd. mNjNtis> jdpahH JiwapdJk;

murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpahghuj; njhopy;Kaw;rpfspdJk;

ntspepd;w tHj;jff; nfhLfld; nghWg;Gf;fs;> ,yq;if

ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ntspepd;w tHj;jff;

nfhLfldpy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Gld; NrHe;J rpwpjsthy;

mjpfhpj;jd. NkYk;> Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpaj;Jldhd

ntspepd;w nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l Fiwg;gpd; fhuzkhf

kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; ntspepd;w nrYj;jg;glj;jf;fitapy;

Fiwg;nghd;W fhzg;gl;lJ.

• tjptw;Nwhhpdhy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ,yq;ifapd;

nkhj;jr; nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fspd;

epiyikfSf;fpilapyhd NtWghlhff; fUjg;gLk;

,yq;ifapd; Njwpa gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyik

2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; Njwpa nghWg;G epiyikapy;

mjpfhpg;nghd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jJ. 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; xJf;Fr; nrhj;Jf;fspy;

mjpfhpg;nghd;W fhzg;gl;l NghJk; ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L

Kwpfspd; tbtpyike;j caHe;j mur fld;ghLfs;

Neub KjyPl;L nghWg;G epiyikapy; Vw;gl;l caHTld;

NrHe;J xl;Lnkhj;jj; Njwpa gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyik

2018 jpnrk;gH ,Wjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 50.4 gpy;ypad;

nfhz;l Njwpa nghWg;G epiyikapypUe;J 2019 A+d;

,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 50.0 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l Njwpa

nghWg;G epiyikf;F rpwpjsT Fiwe;Js;sd.

ntspepd;w gLfld; epiyik

• 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ,yq;ifapd; ntspepd;w

gLfld; mjpfhpj;jJ. ntspehl;Lg; gLfld; ,Ug;G 2018

,Wjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 52.3 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2019 A+d;

,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 55.5 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jikf;F

murhq;fj;jpd; ntspehl;Lg; gLfldpd; gpizaq;fspy;

Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. murhq;fj;jpd;

ntspepd;w nraw;wpl;lf; fld;fspd; Fiwg;G kw;Wk;

I.m.nlhyH 1.5 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ,uz;L ehl;bw;fhd

gd;dhl;L Kwpfspd; KjpHr;rp vd;gdtw;wpw;fpilapYk;

murhq;fj;jpd; ntspepd;w ntspehl;Lg; gLfld; I.m.nlhyH

3.5 gpy;ypadhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F mjpfhpj;jikf;F

2019 khr;rpy; I.m.nlhyH 2.4 gpy;ypad; kw;Wk; 2019

A+dpy; I.m.nlhyH 2.0 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ,uz;L Gjpa

ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfs; toq;fg;gl;likNa Kf;fpa

fhuzkhFk;. gd;dhl;L ehza epjpak; - tphpthf;fg;gl;l

epjpa trjpapd; MwhtJ njhFjp fpilf;fg;ngw;wJld;

kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspepd;w ntspehl;Lg; gLfld;

mjpfhpj;j Ntisapy; Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpa

epYitAldhd ntspepd;w nghWg;Gf;fs; 2018

,WjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; Fiwtile;jd. ,t;thz;bd;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; ntspepd;w

ntspehl;Lg; gLfld;> ehzak; kw;Wk; itg;Gf;fs;

kw;Wk; ntspepd;w ntspehl;Lg; gLfld;fs; vd;gdtw;wpy;

Vw;gl;l Fiwg;Gld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. mNjNtis> jdpahH Jiw kw;Wk;

murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpahghu njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd;

ntspepd;w ntspehl;Lg; gLfld;> ,yq;if

,wf;FkjpahsHfspdhy; ngwg;gl;l tHj;jff; nfhLfld;

kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fspYk; jdpahH Jiwapd; ntspehl;Lf;

fld;fspYk; fhzg;gl;l mjpfhpg;gpd; fhuzkhf 2019,d;

Kjyiug;gFjpapy; rpwpjsT mjpfhpj;jJ. NkYk;> Neub

KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; fk;gdpfSf;fpilapyhd

fld;fisAk; gq;FlikahsHfspd; Kw;gzq;fisAk;

ngw;wjd; fhuzkhf Mz;bd; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Neub

KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; fk;gdpfSf;fpilapyhd

fld;ghLfs; mjpfhpg;nghd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jd.

xJf;Fr; nrhj;J epiyik

• epjpapay; fzf;fpw;fhd caHe;jsT cl;gha;r;ry;fs; 2019

nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffspy;

mjpfhpg;nghd;wpidj; Njhw;Wtpj;jd. nkhj;j mYty;rhH

xJf;Ffs; 2018 ,Wjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 6.9 gpy;ypadpypUe;J

2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 7.6 gpy;ypaDf;F

mjpfhpj;jd. ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfspd; ngWiffs;

fpilf;fg;ngw;wik> cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr;

re;ijapypUe;J kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; ntspehl;L ehzak;

nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;lik kw;Wk; 2019 Kjyiug;gFjpapy;

gd;dhl;L ehza epjpak; - tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa

trjpapd; MwhtJ njhFjp fpilf;fg;ngw;wik vd;gd

2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;F

epiyik caHtiltjw;F ngUkstpw;Fg; gq;fspj;jJ.

2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; ehl;bd; nkhj;j mYty;rhH

xJf;Ffs; 4.6 khj ,wf;FkjpfSf;F epjpaplTk;

NghJkhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jd. NkYk;> 2019 nrj;njk;gH

,Wjpapy; nkhj;j xJf;Fr; nrhj;J epiyik ehl;bd;

nkhj;jf; FWq;fhyg; gLfld;; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fspd; 64

rjtPjj;jpid cs;slf;fg; NghJkhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

5

79


mNjNtisapy;> nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;FfisAk;

tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fisAk;

cs;slf;fpa nkhj;j gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffs; 2018 ,Wjpapd;

I.m.nlhyH 9.6 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2019 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;

I.m.nlhyH 11.3 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jJ. ,J 6.8

khjq;fSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjpf;F epjpaplg; NghJkhdJ.

jpuz;l epYit

• tYtile;JtUk; epjpapay; fzf;F Fiwe;j eilKiwg;

gw;whf;FiwAld; NrHe;J 2019,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyh; 792 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l

jpuz;l epYitapy; kpifnahd;wpidg; gjpTnra;tjw;F

nrd;kjp epYitia ,aYikg;gLj;jpaJ. I.m.nlhyH

2.9 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ,uz;L ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L

Kwpfspd; ngWiffspdJ Njwpa fpilg;gdT kw;Wk;

cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapypUe;J

I.m.nlhyH 285 kpy;ypad; Njwpa <Hg;G vd;gd 2019,d;

Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy; jpuz;l epYit

mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjtpd.

nryhtzp tPj mirTfs;

• 2018,y; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F Nja;tile;j nryhtzp

tPjk; cyfshtpa kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L mgptpUj;jpfspypUe;J

rpy mOj;jq;fis vjpHNehf;fpa NghJk; 2019,y; rpy

jpUj;jq;fisf; fhl;baJ. 2019,d; Kjy; ehd;F khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; nryhtzp tPjk; tYtile;jikf;F

tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapy; fhzg;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;fr;

RUf;fKk; epjpapay; cl;gha;r;ry; mjpfhpj;jikAk;

cjtpahf mike;J capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;FjYf;F

Kd;dH 4.6 rjtPjk; nfhz;l caHtpw;F toptFj;jd.

cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapy; epytpa

mj;jifa Àz;Ljyspf;Fk; jputj;jd;ik epiyikfs;

Njwpa mbg;gilnahd;wpy; re;ijapypUe;J ntspehl;Lr;

nryhtzpj; jputj;jd;ikapid <Hj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F kj;jpa

tq;fpia ,aYikg;gLj;jpaJ. vdpDk;> nryhtzp tPjk;

capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjypidj; njhlHe;J Vg;gpwypd;

gpd;diug;gFjpapYk; mur gpizaq;fs; re;ijapy; rpy

ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; KbTWj;jg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpa

cyfshtpa re;ijfspy; fhzg;gl;l mjpfsT

epr;rakw;w jd;ikfspd; jhf;fj;ijg; gpujpgypj;J kPz;Lk;

Xfj;jpd; gpd;diug;gFjpapYk; mOj;jq;fisf; fhl;baJ.

,Ug;gpDk;> cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L ehzar; re;ijapd;

mjd; gpd;duhd jputj;jd;ik Nkk;ghLfs; nryhtzp

tPjk; cWjpailtjw;Fk; 2019 xj;NjhgH ,Wjpastpy;

&gh 0.6 rjtPjk; nfhz;l ngWkjp caHtpidg;

gjpTnra;tjw;Fk; Mjutspj;jd. mNjNtis> kj;jpa

tq;fp 2018,d; nrj;njk;gH ,Wjptiu I.m.nlhyH 184.6

kpy;ypad; nfhz;l Njwpa toq;fy;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;

tiuglk; 5.8

nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;FfSk; ,wf;Fkjp khjq;fSk;Figure 5.9 Gross Official Reserves and Months of Imports

nkhj;j mYty;rhh; xJf;Ffs; ,wf;Fkjp khjq;fs; (tyJ mr;R)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

rd-15

Nk-15

nrj;-15

rd-16

Nk-16

nrj;-16

rd-17

Nk-17

nrj;-17

rd-18

Nk-18

nrj;-18

rd-19

Nk-19

nrj;-19

khjq;fs;

I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;


tiuglk; 5.10

jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs;:

24 - ehzak; (2017 = 100)Figure 5.11

E�ective Exchange Rate Indices :24 - Currency (2017 = 100)

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

rd-17

khr;-17

Nk-17

A+iy-17

nrj;-17

ent-17

rd-18

khr;-18

Nk-18

A+iy-18

nrj;-18

ent-18

rd-19

khr;-19

Nk-19

A+iy-19

nrj;-19

Rl;nlz; Gs;spfs;

ngausTj; jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp tPjk; cz;ikj; jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp tPjk;


tiuglk; 5.9

cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapy; kj;jpa

tq;fpapd; jiyaPL kw;Wk; nryhtzp tPjk;

Figure 5.10 Central Bank Intervention in the Domestic Foreign Exchange Market

and the Exchange Rate

Njwpa cs;sPh;g;G khj ,Wjp nryhtzp tPjk; (tyJ mr;R)

130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185

-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100

0 100 200 300 400

rd-15

Nk-15

nrj;-15

rd-16

Nk-16

nrj;-16

rd-17

Nk-17

nrj;-17

rd-18

Nk-18

nrj;-18

rd-19

Nk-19

nrj;-19

&.Æ nlhy

H

I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;


5

80


2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjp tiuapyhd Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy;

Njwpa mbg;gilapy; I.m.nlhyH 284.8 kpy;ypaid

<Hj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. 2019 xj;NjhgH ,Wjp tiu FWf;F

ehza nryhtzp mirTfisg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w

tpjj;jpy; ,yq;if &gh> ,e;jpa &gh (3.5 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk;

A+Nuh (3.1 rjtPjk;) vd;gdtw;wpw;nfjpuhf caHtile;j

Ntisapy; ];Nuypq; gTz; (1.2 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; ag;ghdpa

nad;dpw;nfjpuhf (1.0 rjtPjk;) Nja;tile;jJ.

• I.m.nlhyH gue;j mbg;gilapy; tYtile;jikapd;

fhuzkhf I.m.nlhyUf;nfjpuhf kw;iwa Kf;fpa

ehzaq;fs; Nja;tile;jd. ,jd;gb> A+Nuh (2.4

rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; ,e;jpa &gh (2.8 rjtPjk;) vd;gd

I.m.nlhyUf;nfjpuhf Nja;tile;j Ntisapy; 2019

xj;NjhgH ,Wjpapy; ];Nuypq; gTz; (1.8 rjtPjk;)>

ag;ghdpa nad; (1.6 rjtPjk;) I.m.nlhyUf;nfjpuhf

caHtile;jJ.

• 2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjp tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy;

Ie;J ehzak; kw;Wk; 24 ehzak; ,uz;bw;Fkhd

ngausTj; jhf;fKs;s nrytzp tPjk; kw;Wk;

cz;ikj; jhf;fKs;s nrythzp tPjk; Mfpa ,uz;L

Rl;nlz;fSk; mjpfhpj;jd. ngausTj; jhf;fKs;s

nryhtzp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; mjpfhpj;J FWf;F

ehza nryhtzp tPjq;fspd; mirTfSld; NrHe;J

rpy Kf;fpa ehzaq;fSf;nfjpuhf ,yq;if &gh

ngausT caHtile;jikia gpujpgypj;jd. ,jd;gb> 5

ehzak; kw;Wk; 24 ehzaj;jpd; ngausTj; jhf;fKs;s

nryhtzp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; 2019 nrj;njk;gH tiuahd

,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; KiwNa 2.48 rjtPjj;jpdhYk;

2.19 rjtPjj;jpdhYk; mjpfhpj;jd. mNjNtis>

ngausT nryhtzp tPjq;fspd; NtWghLfSf;Fg;

Gwk;ghf ehLfSf;fpilNaahd gztPf;f NtWghLfisg;

ghprPyidapy; nfhs;fpd;w ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lg;

Nghl;bj;jd;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; 5 ehzak; kw;Wk;

24 ehzaq;fspd; cz;ikj; jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp

tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; KiwNa 3.65 rjtPjj;jpdhYk; 3.25

rjtPjj;jpdhYk; mjpfhpj;jd. vdpDk;> cz;ikj;

jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; mbg;gil

Mz;L kl;lj;jpw;Ff; fPNo njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gl;L ehl;bd;

Nghl;bj;jd;ikf;F Mjutspf;fpd;wJ.

vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; mgptpUj;jpfs;

• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f RUf;fq;fspypUe;J ed;ikaile;J 2018

cld; xg;gpLifapy; 2019,y; tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw

RUf;fkilAnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. 2017

khr;rpypUe;J mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tsHr;rp cj;Ntfj;jpd;

njhlHr;rpahf Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs; 2019,Yk; eLj;ju

fhyj;jpYk; caHtilAnkd vwpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

Gjpa tHj;jfg; gq;fhsHfSld; tHj;jfj; njhlHGfis

epWtjy;> J}z;Ljyspf;Fk; tHj;jff; nfhs;iffs;>

kpfg; Nghl;bj;jd;ik tha;e;j nryhtzp tPjq;fSld;

NrHe;J tYthd epWtd hPjpahd MjuT vd;gd

Vw;Wkjpfspd; tsHr;rp cj;Ntfj;jpidj; Àz;Lnkd

vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpw;fhd If;fpa

mnkhpf;fhtpd; nghJthf;fg;gl;l Kd;Dhpikj; jpl;l

trjp kPsg;ngwg;gl;lik ,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpfspd;

kPJ rhjfkhd jhf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$Lk;

Nghy; njhpfpwJ. caHe;j jPHitf;Fl;gl;l cw;gj;jpfs;

,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpa Vw;WkjpahfNth my;yJ

,wf;Fkjp tplaq;fshfNth ,Uf;fhikapd; fhuzkhf

If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; rPdhtpw;Fkpilapy; jw;nghOJ

,lk;ngw;WtUk; tHj;jfg; gjl;lq;fs; ,yq;ifapd;

tHj;jfr; nrayhw;wj;jpidg; ngUkstpw;Fg;

ghjpf;Fnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk;$l>

cyfshtpa tHj;jfj;jpYk; cyfshtpa tsHr;rpapYk;

Vw;glf;$ba nkJthd Nghf;F Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fspd;

kPJ vjpHf;fzpakhd frpAk; jhf;fj;jpidf;

nfhz;bUf;ff;$Lk;. mNjNtis> 2019,y; ,wf;Fkjpr;

nrytpdk; tPo;r;rpailAnkd vwpT nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ

kj;jpa tq;fpapdhYk; murhq;fj;jpdhYk; vLf;fg;gl;l

nfhs;if topKiwfspd; fhuzkhf Mz;bd; vl;L

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ,wf;Fkjpfspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l

RUf;fj; jhf;fj;jpidg; gpujpgypg;gjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

vdpDk;> rhj;jpakhd gUtfhyf; Nfs;tpapd;

fhuzkhfTk; rYif mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fspd; fPohd

ce;J CHjpfspd; rhj;jpakhd ,wf;Fkjpapy; Vw;gLk;

mjpfhpg;Gf;fSk; Mz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l

tif ,wf;Fkjpfis mjpfhpf;ff;$Lk;. ,wf;Fkjpr;

nrytpdk; EfHTg;nghUl;fs; Fwpg;ghf> jdpahs;

CHjpfs; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyg;nghUl;fspd; caHe;j

,wf;Fkjpfspd; fhuzkhf 2020,y; mjpfhpf;Fnkd

vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; tpisthf 2019,y;

RUf;fkilAnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw

2020,y; mjpfhpf;Fnkd vwpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

• 2019,y; nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy; Vwj;jho 2.6 rjtPjkhf

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