nuclear energy is the best for jordan

8/14/2019 nuclear energy is the best for jordan

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Nuclear engineering

O.Sh.Alyahia M.K.Jaradat

L.M.Alawnih F.J.Ahmad M.Alomari M.Y.Saefan


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Energy is an essential part of ourdaily lives. We use energy to heatand cool our homes, schools andbusinesses. We use energy for lightsand appliances. Energy makes ourvehicles go, planes fly, boats sail, andmachines run.

All living things need energy too.Plants use the light from the sun togrow. Animals and people eat theplants and use the energy that wasstored. Food is fuel for our bodies'energy needs like muscle power.

We also use our own bodies to makeheat energy. When you have been

running or working really hard, yourbody produces heat energy. Whenyou wear clothing like a jacket in thewinter, it holds in that heat energyand keeps you warm.

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The very first energy source was thesun providing heat and light during

the day. Later fire was discovered by

a lightning strike, producing anothersource of heat and light.

Thousands of years later we

discovered that the wind

could be harnessed and we

began to use sails on ourboats for transportation.

Later we began to use

windmills to turn water

wheels for grinding grain.

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From about 1850 to 1945, coalwas the main fuel source. Wood

was still an important energysource for heating as well asnatural gas for lighting, butwater and wind were used less.

For most of the 1900s, oil and

natural gas were our main fuel

sources. Electricity was used more

in the late 1900s. From about

1945 to the present, nuclear and

solar energy along with water andwind have played a larger role in

the production of energy.

Other alternative energy sources being used today are geothermal

and biomass.

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Energy ConservationEach year we are looking for more ways to

conserve our energy resources, like natural gasand oil, because these are non-renewable fuels.That means there is a limited supply. By usingrenewable fuels like water for hydropower andsunlight for solar power, or alternative fuelsources like fuel cells and biomass, we can helpconserve our natural resources so they don't runout.

Be sure to check out our Energy Efficiencysection so you can become an energy Super Saverand receive your very own Super SaverCertificate!

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Energy comes from different sources such as oil,

coal, wind, the sun, water, natural gas, nuclear

fuel and even manure.

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There is two groups of energy sources:

Non-renewable:

Coal

Gas Oil

Nuclear fuel

Renewable: Wind

Sun

Hydro

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Any energy source must be meet the ThreeEs to be viable.EconomicsEnvironmentEnergy Supply

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Capital Cost

Fuel Cost :( Actual cost of the fuel and Stability

of the price of the fuel)

Infrastructure Cost

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Land Use

Gas Emissions : (GHG, NOx,SOx, Hg,etc, and

particulate)

Solid Waste

Other Waste products

Other impacts: (Noise pollution, Visual or

Cosmetic Impacts, and Social impacts)

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_ Availability of the resource: ( Availability

of Fuel, Availability of Sites, Availability of

Raw Materials )

Political StabilityTechnology for use of the resource:( Maturity,

Construction Time)

Reliability:( Capacity Factors)

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Coal

Nat

uralGas

Oil

Hydroelectric

Wind

Geothermal

Solar

B

iofuels

Nucle

arFission

NuclearFusion

Capital Cost

Cost

Stability

Maintenance Costs

Infrastructure Cost

Land Use

Gas Emissions

Solid Waste

Other Waste

Noise

Visual / Cosmetic

Social

Fuel

Sites

Raw Materials

Political Stability

Maturity

Construction Time

Reliability Capacity Factors

Economics

Environment

Energy Supply

Fuel Cost

Other impacts

Availability

Technology

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19511953

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1961 The first Egyptian research reactor(ETRR1) designed by Russia.

1967 Iraqi first research reactor (IRT-1)supplied by Russia.

1967 Iranian first research reactor (TRR).1997 Syrias first research reactor (MNSR)

supplied by China.

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In the mid 80s the demand on nuclear power

decreased, many reasons affected this, one

of them is the different nuclear accidents

such as the Chernobyl and Three Mile Inland,

causing the public to be afraid of nuclear

power.

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The instability in the oil prices , and the

decreasing energy sources made the nuclear

power arise again with improved plant

designs.

In August 2008, 439 nuclear power plants

distributed in 30 different countries were

operating supplying 15% of worlds energy

demand.

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Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core)of an atom. Atoms are tiny particles that makeup every object in the universe. There isenormous energy in the bonds that hold atoms

together.Nuclear energy can be released from atoms intwo ways: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

In nuclear fusion, energy is released whenatoms are combined or fused together to form

a larger atom. In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart to

form smaller atoms, releasing energy.

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The sun and stars our sources of energy, thisenergy is the result of nuclear reactions, inwhich matter is converted to energy.

Presently, nuclear energy provides forapproximately 16% of the world's electricity.Unlike the stars which work on the nuclearfusion, nuclear reactors that we have todaywork on the principle of nuclear fission.

Some people think that nuclear energy ishere to stay and we must learn to live with it.Others say that we should get rid of allnuclear power plants. Both sides have theiradvantages and disadvantages to nuclear

energy. Nuclear engineering


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Shortage of fossil fuels.

Fuel is inexpensive.

Increase energy consumption.Lack of drinking water.

More competitively price.

Limited environmental impacts(Nogreenhouse or acid rain effects).

Wide range of applications.

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One possible type of reactor disaster isknown as a meltdown.(Three Mile Island ,Chernobyl)

Waste disposal problems.

Nuclear reactors only last for about forty tofifty years.

Nuclear explosions produce radiation.

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56%

11%

11%

8%

8%3%2%1%

sources of radiation

radon

middical X-ray

food and watersoil and rocks

cosemic ray

nuclear middecin

other sources

Less than one percent of exposure is due to the generation ofelectricity from the NPPs.

The principal source of human exposure to radiation is from

medical X-rays.Nuclear engineering


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When radiations energy is depositedinto our body's that is a dose ofradiation.

The more energy deposited into thebody the higher dose.

Effects of radiation :IV.Alters atoms.V. Damage to cells and DNA causes

mutations and cancer.VI.Much of the resulting damage is from

the production of ions.

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Since 2001, Jordan has been developing anational strategy for civilian nuclear power.

But only in January 2008, that Jordansparliament empowered the Jordan Atomic

Energy Commission (JAEC) to lead thenational effort and implement the Kingdom'snuclear strategy ---to be the Nuclear PowerImplementation Organization (NEPIO) for

the country.

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Furthermore parliament established anindependent Jordan Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (JNRC), to promulgate theneeded legal, regulatory, and security

framework for the introduction of nuclearpower.

JAEC has concluded nuclear cooperationagreements with France, China, South Korea,

Canada, and will conclude two soon withRussia and UK.

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Jordan energy demand is projected togrow due to:population growtheconomic growth

industrializationwater pumping and desalination

Main assumptions:Pop ~7.5 million in 2020; 9.2 M by 2030GDP (%/yr) 4.4-5.1 (2005-

09)3.1 3.8 (2010-14)2.9- 3.6 (2015- )

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Options are limited:

Natural Gas is a short term optionand cannot be relied on for mid or

longer termRenewable technologies are mainlyhigh cost, limited utilization, andcannot be base load

Oil shale, a medium term, shouldbe reserved for liquid fuels and notfor electricity

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5025

4507

3869

3226

2504

2030

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

y2030y2025y2020y2015y2010y2007

MWe

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Deposits explored in central Jordan are

mainly on the surface with avg thickness of

1.5 m with overburden of ~ 0.5 m

Bearing material (carbonate rocks) is finegrained & brittle and hence easy to mine

(open cast mining) with minimum hazard

from radon

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Transform Jordan from net energy importing

to net energy exporting country by 2030

Make available power to fuel economic

growth at low cost

nuclear energy is the best for jordan

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