numi near hall detectors: minos and beyond jorge g. morfín fermilab nufact’02 london, july 2002

NuMI Near Hall Detectors: MINOS and Beyond

Jorge G. Morfín

Fermilab

NuFact’02

London, July 2002

Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 2

“Near” Detectors

Basically could be two types of “near” detectors at neutrino oscillation facilities.

The most basic is as close to an exact replica of the “far” detector as possible to reduce systematics when comparing neutrino beam characteristics far-to-near. Since this type of near detector must reproduce the properties of a mammoth

far detector, it’s capabilities to do other types of important physics as well as, possibly, detailed examination of the neutrino beam are compromised.

The second type of “near” detector comes with a physics program of its own. It can, among many other things, help reduce the systematics errors of an

oscillation experiment. It has the power to better unravel the components of the neutrino beam used

in oscillation experiments.


Near Detector: 980 tons

Far Detector: 5400 tons

Det. 2

Det. 1

MINOS Detectors


MINOS Detectors

Det. 2

Det. 1

Near Detector: 980 tons

Far Detector: 5400 tons


Fermilab On-site Beam and Near Detector Hall

Target-Horn Chase: 2 parabolic horns. 50 m Decay Region: 1m radius decay pipe. 675 m Hadron Absorber: Steel with Al core 5 m Muon range-out: dolomite (rock). 240 m Near Detector Hall 45 m


MINOS Near Detector

Near Detector Hall: Length - 45m, Height - 9.6m, Width - 9.5m Primary objective is to determine the characteristics (e.g. the energy spectrum)

and composition of the neutrino beam leaving the Fermilab site before oscillations occur.

These characteristics are then compared with what is found at the Far Detector to measure oscillation parameters.

Beam, detector and experimental environment should be as similar as possible near/far: Similarities

» Nature & thickness of absorber plates

» Nature & granularity of active detector

» Strength of magnetic field Differences

» Neutrino Energy Spectra - non-point source for near detector.

» Neutrino Flux is significantly higher at the near detector.

» Electronics


The Near Detector

Steel & scintillator tracking calorimeter

282 “squashed octagon” (3.8 x 4.8m) planes of steel - l = 16.6m M = 0.98 kton

153 planes of scintillator

Sampling every 2.54 cm

4cm wide strips of scintillator

55%/E for hadrons (Caldet: not yet)

23%/E for electrons (Caldet: yes)

Forward section: 120 planes

4/5 partially instrumented

1/5 planes: full area coverage

Spectrometer section:162 planes

4/5 planes not instrumented

1/5 planes: full area coverage

Coil Hole

Beam Center

InstrumentedRegion


MINOS Active Detector


Near Detector: Main Sections

60 Planes40 Planes20

Planes

Veto Section

TargetSection

Hadron ShowerSection

(Muon) SpectrometerSection

ForwardSection

160 Planes


Expected Granularity: Hadronic Events in MINOS (Caldet Data)

Sample Pion Events Sample Proton Events

3.5 GeV

2 GeV

1 GeV


New NuMI Near Detector

Beyond MINOSWhat could/should be assembled?

The second type of Near Detector


Neutrino Event Energy Distributions and Statistics

Reasonably expect 2.5 x 1020 pot per year of NuMI running.

le-configuration: Events- Epeak = 3.0 GeV, <E> = 10.2 GeV, rate = 200 K events/ton - year.

me-configuration: Events- Epeak = 7.0 GeV, <E> = 8.5 GeV, rate = 675 K events/ton - year pme rate = 540 K events/ton - year.

he-configuration: Events- Epeak = 12.0 GeV, <E> = 13.5 GeV, rate = 1575 K events/ton - year phe rate =

1210 K events/ton - year.

With E-907 at Fermilab to measure particlespectra from the NuMI target, expect to know neutrino flux to ± 5%.


-Scattering Physics Topics with NuMI Beam Energies and Statistics

Quasi-elastic neutrino scattering and associated form-factors. Resonance production region (very poorly studied up to now). The intriguing region where resonance production joins deeply inelastic scattering. Parton distribution functions (pdf), particularly in the high-xBj region.

Leading exponential contributions of pQCD. sin2W via the ratio of NC / CC as well as d/dy from -e scattering (check the recent

surprising NuTeV result). Charm physics including the mass of the charm quark mc (improved accuracy by an order of

magnitude, Vcd, s(x) and, independently, s(x.).

Nuclear effects involving neutrinos. In particular are nuclear effects the same for valence and sea quarks.

Strange particle production for Vus, flavor-changing neutral currents and measurements of hyperon polarization.

Spin of the strange quark through elastic scattering. Far more accurate with many fewer assumptions than charged lepton results for s.

Nuclear physics studies with neutrinos (complementary to JLab studies in the same kinematic range). Argonne Theory Institute at the end of July solely on this topic.


NuMI Near Hall: Dimensions & Geometry

Length: 45m - Height: 9.6m - Width: 9.5m

Length Available for New Detector: 26 m

Incoming angle: beam: 58 mr.


NuMI Beam Interacts Off-Module-Center

Wonderful - inviting - spotfor a new detector which could

use MINOS near detector as a muon ID/spectrometer!


A First Significant Step...

MINOS Near

Scintillator Strips

Planes of C, Fe, Pb


Detector: Conceptual Design

2m x 2 cm x 2cm scintillator (CH) strips with fiber readout.

Fiducial volume: r = .8m L = 1.5: 3 tons of scintillator

Downstream half: pure scintillator Upstream half: scintillator plus 2 cm

thick planes of C, Fe and W.

11 planes C = 1.0 ton (+Scintillator) 3 planes Fe = .95 ton (+MINOS) 2 planes Pb = .90 ton

Readout: combination of VLPC and multi-anode PMT.

Use MINOS near detector as muon identifier / spectrometer.

2.0 m x 2.0 m x 2.0 m long

Scintillator Only

Scint. + Planes of C, Fe,W

Upstream Half

Downstream Half


Example of Event Profiles in Scintillator Detector

David Potterveld - ANL

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CC: E = 4.04 GeV, x = .43, y = .37

“Elastic”: E = 3.3 GeV, x = .90, y = .08

CC: E = 11.51 GeV, x = ..34, y = .94

NC: E = 29.3 GeV, x = ..25, y = .46


Scintillator/Fiber R&D at Fermilab

Scintillation detector work at FermilabEM and hadronic calorimetryShower max detectorsPre-shower detectorsPhoton vetosFiber trackerMuon tracking/hodoscopesGeneral purpose trigger hodoscopesTime-of-Flight

1 cm transverse segmentation. 1 cm base triangles – yields about 1 mm position resolution for mips

From D0 pre-shower test data

Polymer Dopant

Scintillator Cost < $ 5 / kg

Continuing development of D0 VLPC readout with $750K grant.

Produced D0-type arrays for detailed device analysis at low cost compared to D0

Goal: Demonstrate cost reduction at X10


MINOS Parasitic Running: Event Energy Distribution

MINOS oscillation experiment uses mainly le beam with shorter pme and phe runs for

control and minimization of systematics.

An example of a running cycle would be: 12 months le beam 3 months pme beam 1 month phe beam

Assuming 2 such cycles (3 year run) with 2.5x1020 protons/year: 860 K events/ton. <E> = 10.5 GeV

DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2) : 0.36 M events / ton.

Quasi elastic: 0.14 M events / ton. Resonance + “Transition”: 0.36 M events /

ton


Examples: Expected Statistical Errors-MINOS Parasitic

Ratio Fe/C: Statistical Errors

xBj MINOS 2-cycle

.01 - .02 1.3 %

.02 - .03 1.0

.03 - .04 0.9

.04 - .05 0.8

.05 - .06 0.8

.06 - .07 0.7 .1.01.001

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Pb/C

Fe/C

Kulagin Predictions: Fe/C and Pb/C - ALL EVENTS - 2-cycle

x

R (A/C)


Prime User: he Event Energy Distribution

Run he beam configuration only! <E> = 13.5 GeV

For example, 1 year neutrino plus 2 years anti-neutrino would yield:

1.6 M - events/ton0.9 M -

events/ton

DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 0.85 M events / ton

0.35 M events / ton

Shadowing region (x < 0.1):0.3 M events/ton


Add a Liquid H2/D2Target

H_2/D_2 Solid Scintillator

MINOS Near

Additional Tracking

Additional Tracking

Fiducial volume: r = 80 cm. and l = 150 cm. 350 K CC events LH2 ; 800 K CC events in LD2 per year he- running.


Examples: Expected Statistical Errors - he Running

High xBj (he, 1 year, DIS): Statistical Errors

xBj CH LH2 LD2 .60 - .65 0.6 % 2 % 1.4 %.65 - .70 0.7 3 1.7.70 - .75 1.0 4 2 .75 - .80 1.3 5 3.80 - .85 2 7 5 .85 - .90 3 11 7.90 - .95 5 17 11.95 - 1.0 7 25 16

Ratios (he, 1 year , DIS): Statistical Errors xBj Fe/ LD2 Fe/C

.01 - .02 11% 9 %

.02 - .03 6 5

.03 - .04 4 3

.04 - .05 3 2

.05 - .06 2 1.7

.06 - .07 1.7 1.4


Detector: Event Rates

Event rates (2.5 x 1020 protons per year)

Parasitic Running Prime User Prime User (3 years) (1 year, he-) (2

year, he -)

CH 2.60 M 4.80 M 2.70 M

C 0.85 M 1.60 M 0.90 M

Fe 0.80 M 1.55 M 0.85 M

Pb 0.75 M 1.45 M 0.80 M

LH2 0.35 M 0.20 M

LD2 0.80 M 0.45 M


The Ultimate NuMI Neutrino Scattering FacilityNickolas Solomey

Scintillator Strips

MINOS Near

H_2/D_2

Additional Scintillator Tracking

Additional Scintillator Tracking

Side Muon ID (Steel + Scintillator)

Side Muon ID (Steel + Scintillator)

TOF

Magnet

Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Electrom

agnetic Calorim

eter

Muon IDSteel + Scint


Summary

Current NuMI/MINOS near detector designed to mimic far detector as closely as possible.

There is a second type of near detector! NuMI Beam is Intense:

yielding ≈ 860 K events/ton during MINOS run* yielding ≈ 1.6 M events/ton-year in the he-mode.

NuMI Near Hall: space for new detector(s) with w(x) ≤ 6 m, h(y) ≤ 4 m,(sum) L ≈ 25 m.

NuMI Near Hall Physics: can do much of this parasitically, need 3 years (& ) he for full potential cross section measurements - for own sake, oscillation systematics spin of strange quark strange particle production nuclear effects PDFs particularly high-x, study of leading exponentials of pQCD (much improved measurement of e component of beam)

NuMI Near Hall Detector studies underway: “solid scintillator” + planes of A: 3 - 5 ton fiducial volume - cost O($3M) liquid H2 / D2 (bubble chamber): large target technically feasible - safety requirements….?

numi near hall detectors: minos and beyond jorge g. morfín fermilab nufact’02 london, july 2002

Documents

tonsfar detector

detectornear detector

mammoth far detector

mnear detector hall

types of near detectors

neutrino beam characteristics

planes of steel

instrumented15 planes