Nutrient Management Protocol for Increased Yield of Rapeseed/Mustard

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Dr. M. Z. ABDINHead

Centre for Transgenic Plant DevelopmentDepartment of Biotechnology

Faculty of ScienceHamdard UniversityNew Delhi-110 062

1

EDIBLE OILS: PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION AND TOTAL DEMAND

11.55 12.1

16

20.6

13.3

16.6

22.8

29.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5

CONSUMPTION (Kg/annum)

DEMAND (MT)

2004-2005 2014-2015

Low Estimate

SOURCE: National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi

Low EstimateHigh Estimate High Estimate

2

Area, Production, Productivity and World Productivity of Oilseeds

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Area (m ha) Production (m tonnes) Productivity (q/ha) World Productivity (q/ha)

24.15 25.14

10.41

16.32

3

Area, Production and Yield of Rapeseed/Mustard

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Area (m ha) Production (m tonnes) Yield (q/ha)

Source: Directorate of economics and statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, Govt. of India

4

Strategies for Increasing Production of Rapeseed/Mustard

Area expansion: Limited scope

High yielding varieties: Already available and limited scope for further improvement

GM Varieties: No clear policy of the Government till now

Package of practices and nutrient management: Scope in view of the deficiency of mineral nutrients due to intensive agriculture

5

Our Approach for Increasing Production of Rapeseed/Mustard

Synergize use of high yielding varieties with balanced and split application of N&S at appropriate phenological stages along with phosphorus and potassium

6

OBJECTIVE

  To Increase the Yield and Production of Rapeseed/Mustard through Improved Nutrient Management Protocol at Farmers’ Fields.

7

Improved Nutrient Management Package (Rapeseed/Mustard)

Varieties : Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jai Kisan : Brassica campestris cv. Pusa Gold

Seed Rate: 4.5 Kg/ha

T1 = N50+50 P40 K40

T2 = S20+20 N50+50 P40 K40

N50+50 = 50 Kg/ha nitrogen at the time of sowing and 50 Kg/ha 35 days after sowing

as basal dressings (source of nitrogen; urea and DAP)

P40 = 40 Kg/ha phosphorus at the time of sowing (Source of Phosphorus; DAP)

K40 = 40 Kg/ha potassium at the time of sowing (Source of Potassium; muriate of potash)

S20+20 = 20 Kg sulphur/ha at the time of sowing and 20 Kg/ha 35 days after sowing

as basal dressings (source of sulphur; gypsum)

In case of Pusa Gold, Nitrogen and Sulphur are given in three splits:50 Kg of N/ha at the time of sowing, 25 Kg 35 days after sowing and 25 Kg 50 days after sowing

20 Kg S/ha at the time of sowing, 10 Kg 35 days after sowing and 10 Kg 50 days after sowing8

Experimental DesignThree states namely Haryana, Rajasthan and Utter Pradesh out of the major

rapeseed/mustard growing states were selected. In Delhi, we had used experimental plots at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi – 110062.

Farmers in these states were identified who agreed to participate in the programme. Farmers’ field size varied from 1Acre to 1 Hectare.

Soil samples were collected for the analysis of available N &S before sowing.

In each farmers’ field one control plot was maintained.

In control plot the rapeseed/mustard crop was cultivated using conventional nutrient management package.

In rest of the field the crop was cultivated using improved nutrient management protocol.

Yield components and productivity of the crop were analyzed after harvesting the crop from both the plots and the data were compared.

9

States Covered = 03

(Haryana, Rajasthan and UP)

No. of Experimental Sites = 24

Area Covered = 15.0 ha

Production Tech. Tested = Conventional and Improved Nutrient Management Protocols

10

Available Sulphur and Nitrogen content in the soil samples from different experimental sites

S.N. Experimental Available S Available Nsites content (ppm) content (ppm)

1 Delhi 10.8 - 12.3 57.0 - 132.0Jamia Hamdard (Exp. Plots)

2 Haryana 9.2 - 11.8 95.0 - 120.0Hissar and Riwari

3 Rajasthan 5.05 - 7.25 102.2 - 129.2Alwar

4 Uttar Pradesh 9.44 - 12.5 101.2 - 175.2Siddharth Nagar, Kushi NagarBalrampur and Ghaziabad 11

Sulphur Deficiency in Soil  The major factors responsible for S deficiency in the soil are:

 1.  Increasing depletion of S through higher yield and cropping

intensity.

 2.  Large scale shift towards S free product in the fertilizer use

pattern.

 3.  Losses of S through leaching and soil erosion.

 4.  Microbial transformations in the soil.

12

13

TREATMENTS No. of pods No. of seeds 1000 seeds wt.

(Per plant) (Per siliqua) (gm)

N50+50 P40 K40 173 (0.0) 12 (0.0) 6.08 (0.0)

S20+20 N50+50 P40 K40 432 (150) 15 (25) 7.05 (16)

Effect of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol over Conventional Agronomic Package on Yield Components of

Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jai Kisan

14

TREATMENTS Seed yield Oil Yield (Q/ha)

(Q/ha)

N50+50 P40 K40 16.4 (0.0) 6.46 (0.0)

S20+20 N50+50 P40 K40 27.2 (66) * 12.0 (85)

* The increase in seed yield is due to the combined impact of high yielding variety, improved nutrient management protocol and the magnitude of sulphur deficiency.

Effect of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol over Conventional Agronomic Package on Seed and Oil Yield of

Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jai Kisan

15

TREATMENTS No. of pods No. of seeds 1000 seeds wt.

(Per plant) (Per siliqua) (gm)

N50+25+25 P40 K40 134 (0.0) 31 (0.0) 4.1 (0.0)

S20+10+10 N50+25+25 P40 K40 370 (176) 35 (13) 5.0 (22)

Effect of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol over Conventional Agronomic Package on Yield Components of

Brassica campestris cv. Pusa Gold

16

TREATMENTS Seed yield Oil Yield (Q/ha)

(Q/ha)

N50+50 P40 K40 11.0 (0.0) 4.7 (0.0)

S20+20 N50+50 P40 K40 21.0 (91) * 9.7 (106)

* The increase in seed yield is due to the combined impact of high yielding variety, improved nutrient management protocol and the magnitude of sulphur deficiency.

Effect of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol over Conventional Agronomic Package on Seed and Oil Yield of

Brassica campestris cv. Pusa Gold

17

Metabolic Coupling between Nitrogen and Sulphur in Relation to Photosynthesis

18

Pn

rat

e (m

mol

CO

2 m-2 s

-1)

The Relationship between Photosynthesis and Leaf-N as well as Leaf-S content as Influenced by S and N Application

+N +N +N +N

19

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Discussion

1. Increase in productivity of rapeseed/mustard reported is a result of the following contributing factors:

-Impact of using seeds of improved varieties (Pusa Gold and Pusa Jai Kisan)

-Impact of following improved nutrient management package incorporating N,P,K & S and their application in split dosage at

appropriate phenological stages of crop.

2. Increase in no. of pods per plant and weight of 1000 seeds in pods is attributed to increased photosynthesis as a result of adopting improved nutrient management package.

3. Magnitude of increase in yield in response to the improved nutrient management package depends on the severity of sulphur deficiency

20

Benefit : Cost Ratio of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol over ConventionalNutrient Management Package for the Cultivation of Rapeseed/Mustard

Nutrient Quality of Cost of Seed Difference Additional Value of the BenefitManagement fertilizers fertilizers Yield in the Seed Cost of additional : Cost

Protocol used on ha-1 on ha-1 Yield Production Produce Ratio

(kg) (Rs) (Q ha-1) (Q ha-1) (Rs ha-1) (Rs ha-1)

CONVENTIONAL Urea : 217.0 998.0 11.0NUTRIENT DAP : 87.0 782.6MANAGEMENT Potash : 66.7 319.9PROTOCOL Total 2100.5

9.0 300.0 10800.0 36.0

IMPROVED Urea : 217.0 998.0 20.0NUTRIENT DAP : 87.0 782.6MANAGEMENT Gypsum : 307.7300.0PROTOCOL Potash : 66.7 320.0

Total 2400.021

Conclusion

The yield of rapeseed/mustard can be increased with the application of sulphur and nitrogen in balanced and split doses at appropriate phenological stages along with phosphorus and potassium with very high benefit:cost ratio.

22

N50+50 K40 P40

S20+20 N50+50 K40 P4023

Brassica campestris cv. Pusa Gold

N50+25+25 P40 K40

S20+10+10 N50+25+25 P40 K40

24

Impact of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol on Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jai Kisan

N50+50 P40 K40

S20+20 N50+50 P40 K40

25

Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jai Kisan

26

Programme for 2004-05

The programme is proposed to be implemented in Haryana, Rajasthan and Utter Pradesh through NGOs in 200 farmers field in each state.

27

Scientists from ICAR Institutes Apprised/Consulted

Dr. J. S. Yadav (Former Director): National Research Centre for Rapeseed/Mustard, Sewer, Bharatpur (Rajasthan)

Dr. Manoj (Soil Scientist): National Research Centre for Rapeseed/Mustard, Sewer, Bharatpur (Rajasthan)

Dr. R. C. Katiyar (Plant Breeder): Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

Dr. S. K. Prasad (Entomologist): Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

Dr. S. C. Chatterji (Plant Pathologist): Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

Dr. S. R. Chatterji (Principal Scientist): Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

Dr. Dheeraj Singh (Plant Breeder): C.C.S.A.T.U, Hissar

Prof. S. Kalra (Microbiologists): C.C.S.A.T.U, Hissar

28

Project StaffPrincipal Investigator: Dr. M. Z. Abdin, Ph.D from Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Research Associate: Dr. A. Ahmad, Ph.D in BotanyDr. M. Israr, Ph.D in Biotechnology

Senior Research Fellows: Dr. Ishrat Khan (Ph.D Biotech), Dr. Nuzhat Khan (Ph.D Biotech)Dr. M. Irfan Qureshi (Ph.D. Botany), Dr. Arshad Jamal (Ph.D Biotech) and Mr. Rajeev Kumar Dwiwedi (M.Sc. Ag in Agronomy)

Project Fellows: Mrs. Rashmi Rekha Sharma (M.Sc. Ag. in Soil Science)

Technical Assistant: Mr. Nizamuddin Khan (B.Sc. Ag)

Computer Assistant: Mr. Nizamuddin (P.G.D.C.A)29

Effect of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol over Conventional Agronomic Package on Yield Components, Seed Yield and Protein Yield of Chickpea

Parameters Conventional Improved

No. of Pod Plant -1 64 (0.0) 99.04 (54.75)

No. of Seed Pod -1 1.43 (0.0) 1.79 (25.17)

100 Seed Weight 13.39 (0.0) 16.12 (34.00)

Seed Yield (q/ha ) 12.85 (0.0) 17.22 (34.00)

Protein (%) 20.1 (0.0) 26.89 (34.00)

Protein Yield (q/ha) 2.58 (0.0) 4.63 (79.46)

30

Effect of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol over Conventional Agronomic Package on Yield Components, Seed Yield and Protein Yield of Pigeonpea (Cajanas cajan L. cv. Narendra -1)

Parameters Conventional Improved

No. of Pod Plant -1 153.00 (0.0) 303.00 (98.00)

No. of Seed Pod -1 4.00 (0.0) 4.00 (0.0)

100 Seed Weight 11.72 (0.0) 12.16 (3.75)

Seed Yield (q/ha ) 13.00 (0.0) 15.45 (18.85)

Protein (%) 19.19 (0.0) 31.12 (62.17)

Protein Yield (q/ha) 2.50 (0.0) 4.81 (92.40)31

Effect of Improved Nutrient Management Protocol over Conventional Agronomic Package on Yield Components, Seed Yield and Protein Yield of Pigeonpea (Cajanas cajan L. cv. Bahar)

Parameters Conventional Improved

No. of Pod Plant -1 108.00 (0.0) 338.00 (212.90)

No. of Seed Pod -1 3.50 (0.0) 4.00 (14.30)

100 Seed Weight 10.82 (0.0) 11.81 (9.15)

Seed Yield (q/ha ) 11.00 (0.0) 16.40 (49.10)

Protein (%) 18.85 (0.0) 30.06 (59.47)

Protein Yield (q/ha) 2.07 (0.0) 4.93 (138.16)

32

Crop Nutrient Quantity of Cost of Cost of Total Seed Difference Additional Value of Benefit - Management fertilizer fertilizer extra cost yield in seed cost of additional costPackage used (in Rs.) labour in (in Rs.) (q/ha) yield (q/ha) Production produce ratio

INMP(in Rs) (in Rs.) (in Rs.)

Chickpea Conventional DAP-109kg 946.00 1201/- 16.2 1312 30700 23.40

MOP-50kg 245.00Rhizobia-300g 10.00

Improved DAP-109kg 946.00 784 2513/- 28.4 12.28Urea-43.5kg 205.00Gypsum-461kg 323.00MOP-50kg 245.00Rhizobia-300g 10.00

Pigeonpea

Conventional DAP-109kg 946.00 1201/- 12.2 3.8 1107 7680 6.90

MOP-50kg 245.00Rhizobia-300g 10.00

Improved DAP-109kg 946.00 784 2308/- 16.00Gypsum-461kg 323.00MOP-50kg 245.00Rhizobia-300g 10.00

33

THANKS!

34