nutrition assessment of pre-school and primary school children practising artistic gymnastics...

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Nutrition assessment of pre-school and primary school children

practising artistic gymnastics

Supervisor:

D-r Lubomir Petrov, PhD

Author: Stefan KolimechkovExpert in Physical Education and Sports

Gymnastics Club Levski, Sofia (Bulgaria), 2012

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PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the diet and the physical development of pre-school and primary school children practising artistic gymnastics.


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Objectives and tasks

Approbation and adaptation of an appropriate food questionnaire in order to assess diet and nutrition of children;

Nutritional assessment of pre-school and primary school children practising artistic gymnastics;

Approbation of appropriate methods in order to assess physical development in young children;

Assessment of the physical development of pre-school and primary school children practising gymnastics;

Assessment of nutrition and physical development based on the children's training process.Gymnastics Club Levski, Sofia (Bulgaria),

2012

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MethodsThe study included 40 children, 22 boys and 18 girls, from 4 to 12 years of age, practising artistic gymnastics in ‘Sports Centre Levski’ in Sofia (Bulgaria).


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Anthropometry

Upper arm circumference (cm), Skinfolds – triceps and scapular (mm), Dynamometry (kg)

Height (cm)

Weight (kg)

BMI (kg/m2)

percentile and

Z-score

% Body fat

UAMA (сm2)Gymnastics Club Levski, Sofia (Bulgaria), 2012

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Skinfold & Dynamometer Tests


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We used specialised software prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) – ‘WHO Anthro’ (for children under six years of age) and ‘WHO Anthro Plus’ (for children over six years of age), to assess height, weight and BMI in children (WHO 2007).


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Nutrition assessmentBased on the results, the daily intake of proteins,

carbohydrates and fats, protein/kg body weight, in addition to

the total daily energy intake (kcal/24h) was calculated .

The data concerning height and weight between our

measurements and those obtained from the parents were

compared.


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Results

Males3-6 years

Females3-6 years

Males7-11 years

Females7-11 years

Age (y) 5.00 ± 0.58 5.6 ± 0.89 7.55 ± 0.52 8.7 ± 2.11Sport

experience (m)7.43 ± 5.35 24.6 ± 12.28 26.82 ± 15.30 14.8 ± 13.97

Height (сm) 112.17 ± 6.25 116.66 ± 5.91 126.27 ± 3.87 131.82 ± 12.09

HeightZ-score

-0.28 ± 0.65 0.10 ± 0.87 -0.28 ± 0.61 -0.27 ± 1.12

Weight (kg) 18.83 ± 2.83 21.6 ± 3.11 25.54 ± 2.79 30.87 ± 10.19WeightZ-score

-0.39 ± 0.77 0.25 ± 0.66 -0.10 ± 0.80 -0.02 ± 1.09

BMI (kg/cm2) 14.91 ± 1.30 15.79 ± 1.06 16.01 ± 1.59 17.30 ± 2.82

BMIZ-score

-0.37 ± 1.03 0.24 ± 0.67 0.04 ± 1.03 0.304 ± 0.86

Body fat (%) 12.07 ± 2.21 14.66 ± 2.74 12.53 ± 2.80 17.36 ± 5.64

Anthropometric data of the children from our study


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Anthropometric and dynamometric data

Males3-6 years

Females3-6 years

Males7-11 years

Females7-11 years

Skinfold subscapular

(mm)4.50 ± 0.58 5.72 ± 0.93 5.14 ± 0.81 7.99 ± 4.88

Skinfold triceps (mm)

7.93 ± 1.67 9.52 ± 2.29 7.77 ± 2.16 11.25 ± 4.19

Upper arm muscle area

(сm2)16.35 ± 2.11 20.19 ± 3.84 21.80 ± 2.75 25.57 ± 7.23

Grip force Left hand (N)

69.37 ± 12.48 79.26 ± 18.27 103.36 ± 28.46 93.29 ± 16.50

Grip force Right hand (N)

83.39 ± 39.65 84.37 ± 17.48 111.92 ± 28.33100.45 ±

26.22Gymnastics Club Levski, Sofia (Bulgaria), 2012

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BMI Z-scores

Num

ber

of

childre

n

BMI Z-scores for the children under study

< -2 -2 to -1 -1 to 0 0 to 1 1 to 2 > 2


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3-6 years of age, urbanpopulation,

Bulgaria 1997

3-6 years ofage, childrenunder study

6-10 years ofage, urbanpopulation,

Bulgaria 1997

6-10 years ofage, childrenunder study

Expected energyexpenditure (kcal/24 h)

1423 ± 243 1558 ± 135.9

Energy intake(kcal/24 h)

1740 ± 479 1503 ± 330 2069 ± 518 1831 ± 432.2

Protein (Е%) 10.5 16.0 ± 1.7 10.7 16.1 ± 2.4

Fat (E%) 37.3 33.3 ± 3.9 40.2 34.4 ± 4.5

Carbohydrates (E %) 52.2 48.4 ± 4.7 49.1 47.3 ± 5.6

Protein (g/kg body weight)

3.2 ± 0.9 2.9 ± 0.9

Protein (g/day) 46.2 ± 12.3 60.4 ± 14.7 55.6 ± 14.7 73.9 ± 19.1

Fat (g) 72.6 ± 21.6 55.6 ± 12.9 92.4 ± 29.5 70.0 ± 18.0

Carbohydrates (g) 228 ± 70 182 ± 45.6 254 ± 72 217.1 ± 59.3

Food intake data of the children from our study and children of the same age group from the Nutritional Survey of the population of Bulgaria 1997


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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

8.0

25.2

15.7

20.5

10.512.4

7.6

27.1

16.3

23.7

12.4 12.9

под 2 г. спортен стаж

над 2 г. спортен стаж

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Anthropometric and dynamometric data of primary school boys with less than 2 years sport experience in gymnastics (n=13), and boys who are competitors with sport experience greater than 2 years (n=6). (* p < 0.05)

Age Weight BMI UAMA Grip force (kg) Grip force (kg) (kg) (kg/cm2) (cm2) Left hand Right hand

< 2 years sport experience> 2 years sport experience


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Group Competitors Overweight children

Average ± SD n Average ± SD n t-test

Energy expenditure (kcal/kg/24h)

70.16± 8.82 13.00 48.73±8.98 6.00 p<0.001

Energy intake(kcal/kg/24h)

72.32± 21.19 13 63.65±15.28 6 p>0.05

Protein(g/kg)

2.87± 0.86 13 2.57±0.80 6 p>0.05

Fat(g/kg)

2.65± 0.88 13 2.30±0.50 6 p>0.05

Carbohydrates(g/kg)

8.86± 2.62 13 7.86±2.02 6 p>0.05

Energy expenditure and energy intake; protein, fat and carbohydrate / kg body weight (Average ± SD) in the overweight children (n=6) and

children who are competitors (n=13)


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Conclusions and recommendations

We recommend that weight and height in children should be measured by a coach or a health professional;

The BMI does not assess weight adequately in some child athletes with greater muscle mass;

The amount of aerobic exercise in training sessions should be increased for overweight children;

The correct assessment of energy expenditure needs more accurate calculation including any extra physical activity;


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The food questionnaire keeps parents interested in the healthy diet and physical activity of their children;

The nutrition questionnaire which was used gives a good indication of the average intake of the main food groups, nutrients and energy;

We recommend that coaches should use their authority to encourage children to adopt a healthier diet;

We recommend that more attention should be given to children's dental health including brushing teeth and chewing food.Gymnastics Club Levski, Sofia (Bulgaria),

2012

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You are what you eat!

Be active, do sports, feel great.Repeat!

Thank You!

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nutrition assessment of pre-school and primary school children practising artistic gymnastics...

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