nutrition for diabetes mellitus. pancreas location : inside notch of duodenum; retroperitoneal. has...
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NUTRITION FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
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PANCREAS
Location : inside notch of duodenum; retroperitoneal. Has body, and tail. Tail crosses midline and comes in contact with middle third of left kidney.
Development: outgrowth of embryonic foregut. Dorsal and ventral embryonic buds eventually fuse.
Innervation: foregut: sympathetic – greater splanchnic nerve; parasympathetic – Vagus nerve (X).
Arterial Supply: pancreaticododenal (branch of celiac) artery
Venous Drainage: pancreaticoduodenal vein is tributary of splenic vein
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PANCREAS Function: pancreas is not only and
exocrine gland for digestion.
GLUCAGON – from alpha cells of pancreatic islets, raises blood glucose level.
INSULIN – from beta cells of pancreatic islets, lowers blood glucose level.
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PANCREAS Function: pancreas is not only and
exocrine gland for digestion.
GLUCAGON – from alpha cells of pancreatic islets, raises blood glucose level.
INSULIN – from beta cells of pancreatic islets, lowers blood glucose level.
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Types of Diabetes
• Type I • Type 2 • Gestational • Other types include:
– Genetic defect beta cell or insulin– Disease of exocrine pancreas– Drug or chemical induced– Infections– Others
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Dietary recommendations for diabetes
Eat starchy foods regularly Eat more fruit and vegetables Reduce animal or saturated fat Cut down on sugar Reduce salt
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Reasons for diet
Weight control Blood glucose control Prevention and management of
short-term and long-term complications of diabetes
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Balancing food choices
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Eat starchy foods regularly Bread Potatoes Rice Pasta Cereals Plantain Chapatis
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Eat more fruit and vegetables
Fresh Frozen Tinned Dried Juice
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Choose more high fibre foods
To help maintain blood glucose levels and cholesterol levels
Fruit Vegetables Pulses Oats
Helps to maintain a healthy gut
Wholegrain cereals Wholemeal bread Wholewheat pasta Brown rice
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Reduce animal or saturated fat intake
Use low fat milk Use low fat
spread instead of butter
Use oil high in unsaturated fat, eg olive oil, rapeseed oil
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Use less fat in cooking
Grill Dry-roast Microwave Steam
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Choose the right sort of fat
SATURATED
• Full fat dairy produce (eg cheese, butter, full cream milk)
• Pies
• Biscuits
• Savoury snacks
• Lard
• Hard vegetable fat
MONO- UNSATURATED
• Olive oil
• Rapeseed oil
• Groundnut oil
POLY- UNSATURATED
• Sunflower oil (products)
• Oily fish
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Cut down on sugary foods
Not a sugar free diet
Cut out sweets Cut out sugary
drinks
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Choose low sugar products
Use diet or low calorie, sugar free drinks
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Intense sweeteners
Tablet Liquid Granulated
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Avoid diabetic products
Cost Laxative effects Focus on ‘sugar free’ Still raise blood glucose levels Still contain same calories
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Reduce salt intake
Cut down on added salt
Use alternative seasonings
Look out for reduced/low sodium foods, eg bread
Avoid salt substitutes
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Eat regular meals based on carbohydrate:
Breakfast
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Lunch or snack meal
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Main meal
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Weight management and diabetes
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Be more active
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Slimming tips
Be realistic about your target weight
Aim to lose weight gradually Eat regular meals Make small changes you can stick
to
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Drink alcohol in moderation
That’s
2 units a day for women
3 units a day for men
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How many units in your drink?
units 1 pint premium strength lager or cider 3 1 pint average strength lager 2.8 1 pint average strength cider 2.6 1 pint bitter 2.3 1 pint stout 2.3 Medium glass (175mls)white or red wine 2.3 Large glass (250mls) white or red wine 3.3 Pub measure (25mls) spirit 1