nutrition from childhood through adulthood biol 103, chapter 13-2

Nutrition From Childhood through Adulthood

BIOL 103, Chapter 13-2

Today’s Topics

• Adolescence (Part 2)• Adult/Mature Adult

Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents

1. Fitness and Sports– Can provide __________ for learning about nutrition

and improve daily habits2. Acne– Investigating the connections between diets and acne• Examples:

3. Eating disorders– Becomes preoccupied with weight, appearance, and

eating habits.– Not just a ____________________


4. Obesity– Risk factors:• Physical: – Developing high blood pressure– Abnormal blood glucose tolerance and type 2

diabetes– _________________________________________________________________________________

• Psychological:– ______________________________


5. Tobacco, alcohol, recreational drug– Period of experimentation– Alcohol and drug use may _______________

adequate food intake– Teens who use drugs are usually underweight

and report __________________• Marijuana ___________________• Tobacco ____________________• Alcohol _____________________

Staying Young While Growing Older

• Age-related changes– Weight and body composition• Add _________; lose _________________• Overweight/obese ____________________• Underweight ______________________________

– Physical activity• Loss of lean body mass reduced muscle and skeletal

strength• Regular physical activities reduces _______________

and improves __________________


• Age-related concerns (cont.):– Immunity• Decline in _______________ mechanisms around 40-

50 yrs old– Examples:

• Increased risk for urinary tract infections, upper respiratory illness (pneumonia, influenza)

– Taste and smell• Decline in sensitivity thus, increases intake foods

_________________________________• Better to serve foods with stronger flavors and odors

over bland food.


• Age-related concerns (cont.):– Gastrointestinal changes

1. Reduced ________ production _____________ and food is not well prepared for digestion

2. Reduced acid secretion (HCl and pepsin) ______ efficient food digestion and allow the devlopment of ____________ interfere with _____ absorption

3. ____________ GI motility constipation, bloating, sense of fullness

Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult

• Energy– Reduced calorie needs• Decreased lean body mass

– Physical activity increases _________ requirements while also helping to _________ some loss in lean mass.

• Protein– ________ needs per kg body weight as younger

adults


• Carbohydrate– 45-65% of calories in diet (high-carb)– Fiber prevents constipation and diverticulosis,

reduce risk for _____________, promote healthy body weight

• Fat– Maintain a moderate _______________

• Water– ____________ thirst response dehydration– Fluid recommendations are ______ as younger adults


• Vitamins of concern– Vitamin D

• Needed for bone health, calcium balance if not, osteoporosis

• ________________ reduced skin synthesis and activation of vitamin D

• _______________ needs compared to younger adults– B vitamins

• Reduced ability to absorb ___________• ____________________ may help reduce heart disease risk• Should consume B12 fortified foods and supplements

Nutrient Needs for Mature Adults

• Antioxidants– Found in fruits and vegetables– Important to _______ oxidative stress and

________________ such as cataracts, Alzheimer, and macular degeneration.–May protect against damage to the ______


• Minerals of concern– ______________: Bone health• Reasons:

– Many elders may be __________________– _____________ ability to absorb calcium (less vitamin D

receptors in the gut)

– _____________: Immunity and wound healing• _________________ deficiencies likely• Avoid excess supplementation (mineral competition,

interferes with immune system)– ______________• Elders may have limited intake

Figure 13.16 Micronutrients of particular concern for older people

As we age, our energy needs decline, but our vitamin and mineral needs ________________This makes _____________ foods especially important for older adults.

Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults

1. Drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions– Can affect use of ____________________– Herbal supplements, vitamins and minerals

supplementation in high doses should be viewed as drugs

– Possible interactions should be identified and avoided2. Depression– Common among institutionalized and low-income

seniors– May reduce ________________– _______________ can interfere with nutrient usage


3. Anorexia of aging– Loss of appetite with __________– Can lead to __________________ malnutrition

4. Arthritis (pain and swelling in joints)– May interfere with _____________ and ________– _________________ may interfere with nutrient

absorption– ___________________ and dietary changes may

improve symptoms


5. Bowel and bladder regulation– Increased risk of ______________________– Chronic _____________ more common with age• Need for increased ____________________________

6. Dental health– Tooth loss, difficulty swallowing, and mouth pain

may interfere with ____________________ or _________________


7. Vision Problems– Can affect ability to shop and cook– __________ may reduce ___________________• Anti-oxidants in green leafy vegetables can help

prevent free radical damage and may protect the eye

8. Osteoporosis– Common in elders, especially _______________– Maintain calcium, vitamin D, and ____________


9. Alzheimer’s disease – accumulation of plaques in certain regions of the brain and degeneration of a certain class of neurons– Affects _______________ to obtain, prepare, and

consume an optimal diet.– Reduced ______________________– Risk for weight loss and malnutrition

Meal Management for Mature Adults

• Managing independence• Finding community resources– Service for elders• ________________________________• ________________________________• ________________________________

nutrition from childhood through adulthood biol 103, chapter 13-2

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