Nutrition

Review…

Nutrients are the substances in food that provide raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out its essential processes.

Types of Nutrients• Carbohydrates• Fats• Proteins• Vitamins• Minerals• Water

Proteins

Proteins are nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Proteins are needed for tissue growth and repair.

They also play an important part in chemical reaction within cells.

Amino Acids

Proteins are made up of small units called amino acids, which are linked together chemically to form protein molecules.

Thousands of proteins are built from only 20 different amino acids.

Proteins

Complete proteins - Contain all essential amino acids

Incomplete proteins - Proteins from plant sources are incomplete because they are missing one or more essential amino acid.

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Proteins

Nutritionists recommend 10 to 35% of daily Calories come from proteins.

Why do you think it’s important to eat a wide variety of plant foods?

Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins and minerals do not provide the body with energy or raw materials. Instead, they help the body carry out different processes.

Vitamins act as helper molecules in a variety of chemical reactions in your body.

Vitamin K, for example, helps your blood clot when you have a cut or scrape.

Vitamins

Fat-Soluble vitamins dissolve in fat, and they are stored in fatty tissue in the body.

Water-Soluble vitamins dissolve in water, and are not stored in the body.

Why do you think it is important to include water soluble vitamins in your diet every day?

Minerals

Nutrients that are not made by living things are called minerals.

You obtain minerals by eating plant foods or animals that have eaten plants.

Both minerals and vitamins are needed by your body in small amounts to carry out chemical processes.

Diet AnalysisWhat I ate in the last 24 hours

What minerals and nutrients were in the food I ate

What is the function of those nutrients and vitamins?

Water

Imagine that four students from Woodson are on a boat that is sinking. They are all getting into a lifeboat. They have room for only one of these items:

• A bag of oranges and bananas• Six cans of tuna• Six loafs of bread• Four jugs of water

Which should they choose and why?

Water

Although people can probably survive for weeks without food, they will die within days without fresh water.

Water is the most abundant substance in the body and accounts for about 65% of the average person’s body weight.

Water

Water is the most important nutrient because the body’s vital processes - including chemical reactions such as the breakdown of nutrients - take place in water.

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Why is water important?

• Cells in your body are composed mostly of water.

• Water makes up most of the body’s fluids, including blood.

• Nutrients and other important substances are carried throughout the body dissolved in the watery part of blood.

What is happening today?

• Your body produces perspiration or sweat.

• Perspiration consists of chemicals dissolved in water.

• Perspiration helps regulate body temperature by cooling the body. Some waste chemicals are dissolved in perspiration.

• Therefore, when you perspire, you are also removing waste.

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