o ak r idge n ational l aboratory u. s. d epartment of e nergy 1 integrated biomass supply analysis...

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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics

IBSAL

Shahab Sokhansanj and Anthony Turhollow

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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Organization

Overview Example Elements of the model IBSAL demonstration Conclusions

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Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) Model

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Feedstock Cost Reduction Target

$/ Biomass Dry Ton

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

Feedsto

c C

ost

per

Dry

Ton D

elivere

d

$/BDT 53.29 47.96 38.21 33.07 31.57 30

FY03 Cost per Dry Ton

Selective Harvest Single-Pass HarvesterTransportation &

BulkStorage &

PretreatmentNth Plan Savings

(5%)

2005

2010

2015 20202025

2000

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At the present, average delivered cost of agricultural residues is about $52 per dry ton.

The target is to reduce the delivered costs to $30 per dry ton.

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Baseline costs based on spreadsheet analysis

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60$/

dry

ton

Base case -- Large

round bales

Chopperhead w/ low

coststorage

Chopperhead w/ostorage

Other costs

Processing

Haul to plant

Storage

Move tostorage

Collection

Farmerpayments

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IBSAL Model - Description

The Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) model has been developed to simulate physical flow of biomass from collection to biorefinery.

IBSAL integrates technology and management information system for collecting, storing, processing, and transporting biomass.

IBSAL model functions similar to ASPEN model used for analysis of process engineering in chemical industry.

IBSAL model is made up of modules each representing a biomass handling process.

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Elements of the model

Mathematical model of field and off-the-field operations. Data on biomass physical characteristics - yield, physical

and chemical changes in dry matter, moisture relations, density.

Climate variables (temperature, precipitation) Quantities and geographical distribution of biomass

material. Cost data and costing method. Emissions and soil compaction data (not yet implemented). Biomass management information system.

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FIELD COLLECT

BIOREFINERY

CHOP

BALE

LOAF

SILAGE TRUCK

WAGON ENSILE

STACK

GRAIN TRUCK

FLATBED TRUCK

GRIND

STORE

Dry

Wet

GRIND

Dry

STACKHAND

BALE MOVER

Three scenarios for collection and supply of stover and straw to biorefinery

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Parameters Straw Stover

Removable net yield (t/ha)

2.74 3.785

Working days

365. 365

Annual demand (t) 547500. 547500

Cultivated area required (ha) 199818. 144650

Supply area (ha) 1105199. 387314

Supply area dimensions (km) 105. 62

Number of 100-ha lands 1998. 1446

Dry ton, yield, acreage, and number of farms for a 1500 dry ton per day biorefining operation

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Input data BIOMASS AVAILABILITY vs. time

The National Agricultural Statistics Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture publishes the progress of a number of major crops during a growing season.

The data is available at http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb.

Weekly harvest progress in Iowa in 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

9/21/2002 10/11/2002 10/31/2002 11/20/2002 12/10/2002

Date

No

. o

f 1

50

-ha

fa

rms

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Location model

1/n1=11

S1 S2

S3

Pds1

ds2

ds3

1/n2=8/92

1/n3=13

R2

(xs2,ys2)

(xi,yi)

Af,i

Y2,i

21

js

jjj Y100

SnR

21

2ji

2jiji yyxxd ])()[(

Three intermediate stores:S1, S2, S3

One conversion plant: P

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Harvest weather conditions for Blair in 2000

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

0 20 40 60 80 100

Days after Sept 15 harvest

Tem

per

atu

re

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Rel

ativ

e h

um

idit

y

Precipitation (mm)

RH

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www.imaginethatinc.com

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Collection & supply of stover

Scenario 1 - baling

55 shredders $4.70/dt 40 balers $9.30 /dt 18 sp bale movers $18.46/dt 10 tarping crew $2.88/dt 12 bale loaders &

8 bale trucks $9.46/dt 3 grinders $6.99/dt Overall cost $50.85/dt Operating cost $21,068,482 Dry ton in 516,232 Dry ton out 509,931 Energy in/Energy out 0.12

Scenario 2 - loafing

55 shredders $4.84/dt 40 loafers (stackhand)

$6.68 /dt 3 grinder and 8 loaders

$7.79/dt 10 trucks $11.90/dt Overall cost $34.89/dt Operating cost $16,592,453 Dry ton in 554,094 Dry ton out 473,341 Energy in/Energy out 0.12

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Collection & supply of stover

Scenario 3 – Wet storage (ensiling)

50 forage sp harvesters

& 80 forage wagons $22.75/dt 1 silage pit/100 ha

& 8 Compactors (85 hp tractor) $13.09/dt 18 wheel loaders

& 19 trucks $16.22/dt Overall cost $55.13/dt Operating cost $21,003,064 Dry ton in 565,059 Dry ton out 531,155

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1 91.75 182.5 273.25 3640

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

Days

Number of farmsPlotter, Discrete Event

available harvested Ensiled Trucked

1

AvailableCollected

Stored

Delivered

Progress of biomass availability, collection, and transport operations – cool and wet climate

Collection Completion

224 days

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Conclusions

EXTENDTM provides a convenient object oriented language to implement the dynamic simulation of biomass supply.

IBSAL considers time-dependent availability of biomass and the effects weather conditions have on the progress of harvest.

The program predicts the number and size of equipment and storage spaces to meet the rate of harvest and biorefinery demand schedule for feedstock.

The delivered cost of biomass is calculated based on the utilization rate of the machines and storage spaces.

The energy efficiency of the system is calculated

o ak r idge n ational l aboratory u. s. d epartment of e nergy 1 integrated biomass supply analysis...

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