69OBITUARY.

evolution has afforded no natural immunity, scarlet feverhas been of a virulent type among the Chinese. It is

probable that the passage of the disease through the sus-ceptible Chinese has led to an intensification of the virus sothat it is more fatal to foreigners also. The prevalence oftuberculosis remains at the same high level. There havebeen no deaths registered from Malta fever. Quite a numberof cases of malarial fever, mostly of the benign tertian type,are contracted in and around Shanghai. As regards beri-beri, the incidence of this disease has increased, deaths fromit having occurred in the Municipal Gaol. Dr. Stanley, afterclose observation of the causes, thinks that the evidence sofar preponderates in favour of beri-beri being an infectivedisease having no direct relation to food, and infective

through body vermin. Recommendations regarding the admis-sion of municipal prisoners have been adopted which willsettle the latter point. Relapsing fever again made its

appearance among the prisoners ; it is evidently common inShanghai among Chinese and to some extent among foreigners.The death-rate per 1000 for the year among foreigners was16-7 and among Chinese 15-1.

Presentation to Dr. W. J. Milles, M.D. Brux., F.R. C.S. Eng.Dr. W. J. Milles, who is severing his connexion with

Shanghai and returning home after having been for 27 yearsone of the leading and most successful members of themedical faculty in Shanghai, has been made the recipient ofa very cordial leave-taking on the part of his professionalcolleagues, with whom, as with all Shanghai, he has beenvery popular. The meeting took place at the house of Dr.W. J. Jackson, and Dr. C. J. Davenport, on behalf of all his

colleagues, presented Dr. Milles with a massive Japanese bronze vase. Dr. Milles, in replying, said that when he Icame to Shanghai there were only eight medical men, whileat present they numbered 40. After some interestingreminiscences, Dr. Milles concluded by wishing all presentas felicitous a termination to a long and happy professionalcareer as he had himself enjoyed in Shanghai.Peking, May 25th.

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Obituary.CLAUD MUIRHEAD, M.D. EDiN., F.R.C.P. EDIN., :

CONSULTINU PHYSICIAN TO THE ROYAL INFIRMARY, EDINBURGH, ETC.

WE regret to record the death of Dr. Claud Muirhead,one of the senior members of the medical professionin Edinburgh. He had done his usual medical visits andgone to his insurance office on Tuesday, June 21st.Next morning he was found dead in bed, lying calm andpeaceful. He had but recently attended, in his last illness,his old friend, Dr. John Smith, whose death he feltkeenly. He was in his seventy-fifth year, and by his deaththe medical profession in Edinburgh loses one of its mosteminent and esteemed members. His father was ClaudMuirhead, proprietor of the Edinburgh Advertise’r, a respectedcitizen of his day. After his school education he entered onthe study of divinity under the Edinburgh Presbytery of theChurch of Scotland, and completed one year’s study. On

applying for admission to the divinity classes at the

beginning of the second year he was unfortunate enough tofall into the hands of a parson who was known as the bearand bully of the Presbytery of Edinburgh. Muirhead wasthen, as always, a shy, retiring, reserved man, and annoyedat the rude treatment he had received at the hands of thiscleric he abandoned divinity and took to the studyof medicine in the University of Edinburgh. He

graduated M.D. in 1862. In 1864 he became a Memberof the Royal College of Physicians and in 1865 a Fellow.After graduation he studied at Berlin, Vienna, and Paris.He was house physician to Warburton Begbie in the Edin-burgh Royal Infirmary in 1864-65. Along with Dr.

(now Sir) T. R. Fraser he was in 1869 appointed assistantphysician to that institution, chiefly to take the chargeof the fever wards. In 1870 he published in the EdinburghMedical Journal an account of Relapsing Fever in Edin-burgh, which attracted considerable attention because of therarity of the disease. In 1876 he was appointed full ordinaryphysician to the Royal Infirmary. From 1867 for several

years he assisted Dr. (afterwards Sir) Douglas McLaganin his private practice. He attended his former "chief,"Warburton Begbie, in his last illness and was one

of his executors. He taught and lectured on clinicalmedicine during all the 15 years he was physician to theRoyal Infirmary, and he was specially strong on thera-

peutics. As a " chief " in the Royal Infirmary he was greatlybeloved by his resident house physicians. After leavingthat institution he was appointed physician to Chalmers

Hospital and consulting physician to the EdinburghRoyal Infirmary, to Leith Hospital, and the ChalmersHospital. For two periods of five years each hewas a manager of the Royal Infirmary and acted as

convener of the committee of medical managers, where hedid excellent work in framing the new regulations. He wasmedical officer to the Scottish Equitable Insurance Companyfor a few years, which he left to become chief medical officerof the Scottish Widows Fund, which he continued to be tillhis death. In this latter capacity he published a valuable-monograph on "The Causes of Death among the Assured,1874-1894." In the Edinburgh Medical ,Tozcrnal in 1887 hepublished a paper on the Treatment of Acute Bronchitis, andin the Edinburgh Hospital Reports a paper on the Treatmentof Enteric Fever. He was a member and an ex-President ofthe Edinburgh Royal Medical Society.

in the old innrmary days he had to deal witn several

epidemics of small-pox, typhus fever, and enteric fever,and the experience he then gained he turned to excel-lent use when later he became consulting or visiting-physician to the City Fever Hospital, after it was

separated from the Royal Infirmary but housed in theold infirmary buildings. He devoted himself entirelyto his professional duties. He appeared little at themedical societies or the social functions for which Edin-burgh has always been notable. He was too shy andretiring. Like Professor J. Wyllie and Dr. J. 0. Affleck,.he would not consent to act as President of the RoyalCollege of Physicians when he was chosen in rotation for thathonourable position. He was greatly beloved by his patients-both in the medical profession and among the general public.He was very genial and very inspiring. His encouragingvisit was often better than medicine to the patient. The

great sorrow of his life was the death of his wife and onlychild. He never married again. Latterly he and his brotherlived together in Charlotte-square. He was a member of St.

Stephen’s Church, but he did not take any prominent part in,the management of its affairs, though working much privatelyfor the poor of the congregation.

HUBERT ROTHWELL GREENE PASHA, L.R.C.S. IREL.,L.R.C.P. EDix.

Hubert Rothwell Greene, whose death, in his seventieth.year, occurred at Dunstable on June 4th, had a distinguishedmilitary and official career. He was the youngest son of thelate Samuel Greene of Kilmanahan Castle, Co. Waterford.He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and studied,medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. In1862 he obtained the L.R.C.S. Irel., and in the following-year, after taking the L.R.C.P. of Edinburgh, he entered theArmy Medical Service.

During the Afghan war of 1878-80 he acted as secretary toSir Benjamin Simpson, the Principal Medical Officer, and atits termination was commissioned with the organisation of-the medical service in the new Quetta district. In 1884 heserved in the Suakim campaign under Sir Gerald Graham,and was especially mentioned in despatches. He was alsoa member of the Nile expedition party for the relief ofKhartoum.

In 1885 he was appointed sub-director of the EgyptianSanitary Department, and in the following year he retiredfrom the army with the rank of brigade-surgeon. In 1887’he became Director of the Egyptian Sanitary Departmentand was created Pasha by His Highness the Khedive, beinggranted the Second-class Order of the Medjidieh. Sanitaryreform in Egypt at the time of Greene’s administration wascrippled by want of money, by the capitulations under whichall foreigners were amenable to their own consuls, and by the-bondholders. The task which he had before him was there-fore no easy one, but he performed it with conscientiouszeal and ability, as may be judged from the excerpt whichfollows from a letter written to Greene in 1890 by the late-Sir Gerald Portal, then officiating Agent and Consul-Generalfor Egypt :-In forwarding to the Foreign Office the Statistical Reports of the

Sanitary Department. I have given myself the pleasure of explaining atsome length the very great progress made during late years by this

70

department, which has had to fight its way through severe criticismand constant opposition, and I have submitted to Lord Salisbury thepromptness and energy with which during this summer measures weretaken to combat a possible invasion of cholera. I take this opportunity of adding my own congratulations on the work which has been accom-,plished by the department under your orders.

His official services came to an end owing to his becomingvery deaf, and this distressing infirmity, occurring when it

did, was a drawback to his career which he never surmounted.Greene Pasha was a frequent and valued contributor to

our pages, and it is with great regret that we announce hisdeath.

AMBROGIO MORI.A BRIGHT career has been suddenly extinguished by the

death of this young surgeon who, as privat-docent in.. operative medicine" at the Florentine Istituto di StudiSuperiori and as specialist in children’s diseases andpædiatry in Milan, had earned the esteem of the professionand the confidence of a rapidly extending clientele when hesuccumbed to appendicitis on June 13th after an illness ofbarely four days’ duration.Born 36 years ago at Brescia, son of an eminent local ’,practitioner, Ambrogio Mori graduated with first-class honours in the clinics at the University of Padua, whence he passed Ito Florence as assistant in the clinique of obstetrics and

gynæcology of the Istituto di Studi Superiori. In this capacity ’’,,he not only gained a high reputation as second only to hischief, Professor Pestalozza, but was chosen by Dr. Mya,who holds the chair of pædiatry, as his adjutant at theMayer Hospital for Children. In 1908 his success in this department was such that he was appointed privat-docent in the subject, on which he had already publishedmany treatises much appreciated for their originalityand practical use. Always well to the front on theoccasions, only too common in Italy, of public calamity,he was one of the first to intervene at the Siculo-Calabrian cataclysm, and as medical coadjutor of the RedCross team, organised at Brescia, he did noble service notonly in rescue-work but also in the improvised hospitals forthe injured. "Superiors and subordinates at that criticaltime," says one of his colleagues, had nothing but praise forAmbrogio Mori."

In the same year (1908) he settled in Milan, while retaininghis post as privat-docent in Florence, and rapidly won hisway to distinction, insomuch that his appointment as Primarioof the Milanese Brefotrofio (children’s hospital) was withinhis grasp just as the fatal illness supervened. Another of his Icharges during the" balneary season " was that of consultant i

at a Swiss thermal "kur," where, again, he was in highfavour with his colleagues and his elienzele, who were about to welcome his return when the news of his death arrived.Indeed, something like a "plebiscite of mourning" hasfollowed him to the grave, not the least impressive of thetributes to his memory being the obituary notices of the lay journals, such as the Nazione of Florence, the Perseveranzaof Milan, and the Sentinella and Provincia of his nativeBrescia, all of them indebted to his prompt and powerful penfor opportune appeals to the public in aid of the charities,medical and sanitary, whose interests he had at heart. Oneof these tributes, inspired by affection and solemnised by thesuddenness of his decease, sums up the general emotion inwords that may well be inscribed on his tombstone-"Memento Mori."

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DEATHS OF EMINENT FOREIGN MEDICAL MEN.-Thedeaths of the following eminent foreign medical men areannounced :-Dr. Oliver P. Rex, formerly lecturer on

children’s diseases in J efl’erson Medical College, Philadelphia.- Dr. Gurny Stubbs, adjunct professor of laryngology andotology in Rush Medical College, Chicago.-Dr. FilippJoseph Pick, formerly professor of dermatology in theGerman University of Prague, one of Hebra’s oldest pupils,having been born in 1834. He was the founder of theArchzv fur Dermatologie und Syphilis.—Dr. Ludwig Rosen-berg, assistant physician in the Buch Lunatic Asylum, nearBerlin, from septica2mia, contracted during a post-mortemexamination.—Dr. Ludwig, formerly director of the Heppen-heim Lunatic Asylum in the Grand Duchy of Hesse at theage of 84 years.-Dr. James Eisenberg, author of a work onBacteriological Diagnosis of Diseases Peculiar to Women.His age was only 49 years.-Dr. Aigner of Munich, whosearticles on the medical aspect of the Lourdes miracles madesome stir several years ago. ,

Medical News.SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES OF LONDON.-At

examinations held in June the following candidates passedin the undermentioned subjects :-

Surgery.—J. Cree (Sections I. and II.), Belfast ; W. H. Hooton(Section I.), Leeds; and W. E. North-Smith (Sections 1. and 11.).Durham and St. Mary’s Hospital.

Medicine.—A. C. Dickson (Section I.), Guy’s Hospital; E. M. E.Hall (Sections 1. and II.), Royal Free Hospital; W. H. Hooton(Sections I. and II.), Leeds; and M. S. Jevons (Section I.), RoyalFree Hospital.

Foi-ensic Medicine.—W J. Gibson, London Hospital; W. H. Hooton,Leeds; G. Meyer, Graz ; and C. J. Thompson, Birmingham.

Midwifery.-N. B. Darabsett, Bombay and Middlesex Hospital; A. Y.Massey, Toronto and University College Hospital; T. F. O’Mahony,London Hospital; and C. Pyper, Leyden.

The Diploma of the Society was granted to the following candidate,entitling him to practise Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery :-J. Cree.

FOREIGN UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.-Berlin, Staff-Surgeon Dr. Napp, of the First UniversityOphthalmic Clinic, and Staff-Surgeon Dr. Momburg, of theSurgical University Clinic in the Ziegelstrasse, have beengranted the title of Professor.—Freiburg Two professorswho have recently received more or less tempting offers ofchairs elsewhere have declined them, viz., Dr. L. Aschoff,Professor of Pathology and Anatomy, who was invited tomigrate to Wurzburg as successor to Professor von Borst,and Dr. Axenfeld, Professor of Ophthalmology, who wasoffered the corresponding chair in the University of Heidelbergin succession to Dr. Leber. -Heidelberg: Dr. Wagenmann,Professor of Ophthalmology in Jena, has been offered Dr.Leber’s chair on his retirement.—Jena Dr. J. Thiemannhas been recognised as privat-docent of Surgery, and Dr. W.Brunings as privat-docent of Otology and Laryngology.—Kiel:Dr. Stargardt, who for some time past has been a member ofthe teaching staff of the Strasburg University, has nowreturned to his former position in Kiel.--Leipsi-c : Dr. L.Krehl, Professor in Heidelberg, has accepted the offer ofthe chair of Special Pathology and Therapeutics in succes-sion to the late Dr. Curschmann.-Munich: Dr. E. von

Malaise has been recognised as privat-docent of Neurology,Dr. Rudolf Schneider as Privat-doeent of Ophthalmology,and Dr. Max Isserlin as pravect-docent of Psychiatry.-Naples : Dr. Giuseppe Pianise, Extraordinary Professorof Pathological Histology ; Dr. Fabrizio Padula, Extra-

ordinary Professor of Surgical Anatomy and Operations ;and Dr. Nicola Pane, Extraordinary Professor of Bacterio-

logy, have been promoted to Ordinary Professorships.-Padua: Dr. Demetrio Roncali, Extraordinary Professor ofExternal Pathology, has been promoted to an Ordinary

Professorship.—Palermo: Dr. L. Castellani and Dr. E. Engelhave been recognised as privat-docenten of Anatomy, and Dr.G. Alagna as privat-docent of Otology and Laryngology.-Parma : Dr. Giunio Salvi, Extraordinary Professor of

Anatomy, and Dr. Ersilio Ferroni, Extraordinary Professorof Midwifery and Gynascology, have been promoted to

Ordinary Professorships.-Pisa: Dr. C. Carreras has been

recognised as privat-docent of Internal Pathology and Dr.Giuseppe Coen as privat-docent of Midwifery and Gynæcology.—Prague (Bohemian University): Dr. Franz Votruba hasbeen recognised as privat-docent of Medicine.—Rome : Dr.Giuseppe Calligaris and Dr. Giulio Moglie have been reco-gnised as privat-dooenten of Neurology.—Vienna : Dr. ErnstFuchs, Professor of Ophthalmology, is about to retire onaccount of the condition of his health. Professor Fuchs iswell known to many generations of English and Americanmedical students, some of whom remember his unfailingkindness and patience, together with his astonishing know-ledge of English, as long ago as the seventies " when he wasassistant to Professor von Arlt.—Zürich : Dr. Schonholzerhas been appointed to the charge of the Institute ofMechanical Therapeutics connected with the Surgical Clinicof the University.THE NORTHAMPTONSHIRE SANATORIUM.—The

Northamptonshire Sanatorium for phthisical cases was

opened on Thursday, June 23rd, by the Marchioness ofExeter. The Marquis of Northampton presided on theoccasion and Sir Frederick Treves delivered the inauguraladdress. Dr. P. S. Hichens, who, with Dr. W. M. Robson,was the originator of the scheme for building a countysanatorium, presented a financial statement, in which it was