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suicide. The population of Berlin at the end of that weekwas 1,596,865.

Dr. Richard Lemon, private lecturer on anatomy in theUniversity of Jena, has been appointed professor.

Berlin, June 15th.

NEW YORK.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Death of Dr. Fordyce Barker.THE death of Dr. Barker removes from medical circles a

somewhat notable figure. He began his career in NewYork as the Professor of Obstetrics in the New YorkMedical College (a school long extinct), and subsequentlywas transferred to the Bellevue School. Owing to alaryngeal affection, he early lost his voice, and thereforewas obliged to discontinue attempts at giving courses of lec-tures. He occasionally gave clinical lectures, but withgreat difficulty. He was a very genial man, who won alarge circle of friends both in and out of the profession.As a consulting obstetrician his advice was much sought.His work on " Puerperal Diseases" has always been verypopular. Dr. Barker annually visited Europe, in thecapitals of which he was widely and favourably known.

Endowment of Medical Schools.There is an increasing and gratifying tendency in the

direction of the endowment of universities, the benefits ofwhich extend to the medical departments of these institu-tions. The Vanderbilt endowment of the College of

Physicians and Surgeons has been followed by an act ofincorporation of that school into Columbia College, which isnow assuming the proportions of a university. The Univer-sity of the City of New York is about to remove to a localityin the suburbs, where it can expand to its full proportionsunder the stimulus of recent endowment funds. Thischange will accrue to the benefit of the medical department,which will remain in its present advantageous position, butmay become more closely connected with the universityscheme cf expansion. The medical department of the Uni-versity of Pennsylvania has received contributions towardsan endowment fund, which promises to take on large pro-portions. These are a few of the indications of growinginterest in a more thorough system of medical education inthis country.

Restrictions on Immigration.The new law providing for the elimination of undesirable

immigrants is now being applied with great stringency.The insane, the crippled, and feeble, who have no means ofsupport, as also the criminals and those coming undercontract for labour, are intercepted at the immigrantdepot, and at once returned to the ships which broughtthem to this port. The steamship companies are compelledto support these immigrants while in port, and to take themback on the return trip of their ships. This action of theGovernment has led steamship companies to enforce rigidrules in regard to the emigrants applying for passage. Sincethe enforcement of the law against the landing of dependentimmigrants at this port it is surprising that so many insaneand helpless have been found on every incoming ship.

The Marine Hospital Service.Surgeon-General Hamilton has resigned his position as

the head of this service, and accepted a professorship in theRush Medical College at Chicago. During his incumbencyof the office Dr. Hamilton devoted much time to sanitarymatters pertaining to quarantine. His successor is Dr.Walter Wyman, who has been connected with the servicefor many years.Death of Professor Joseph Leidy.In the death of Professor Leidy the profession has lost one

of its most distinguished members. His rank among scientificmen was very high, especially in the field of comparativeanatomy. He devoted his long life exclusively to teaching inthe medical department of the University of Pennsylvania.New York.

PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF IRELAND.—Thefollowing have obtained the licence to act as registereddruggisbs :—Jno. H. Dudgeon, Thomas Jno. Field, EdgarS. Kee, James Mahon, William Miskelly, Thomas Spratt,Samuel Suffern, David S. Thomson, and Thomas G.Wilkinson.

Obituary.HENRY GAWEN SUTTON, M.B. LOND., F.R.C.P.

By the death of Dr. Sutton, to which we briefly alludedlast week, the medical profession has lost one of its mostremarkable members, and the London Hospital one of themost valued of its staff and teachers. Dr. Sutton was bornat Middlesbrough, in Yorkshire. He came of a family ofshipowners, and wished to follow a sailor’s life. Deference,however, to his mother’s great wish induced him to adoptthe medical profession. He began his medical education atKing’s College, and took the degree of Bachelor of Medi-cine at the London University in 1858, never proceeding tothe higher degree. Shortly after qualifying he began hismedical career in general practice at Holloway. This, how-ever, was not to his taste, or, rather, he had a craving forscientific work. He found the opportunity of prosecutingthis at Guy’s Hospital, where, both in the wards and in thepathological department, hediligently worked forsomeyears.He found his greatest interest in the study of pathology, towhich he devoted himself for the remainder of his life. AtGuy’s Hospital he was thrown much into contact with thelateDr. Barlow, Sir William Gull, and Dr. Wilks. With the twolatter he afterwards kept up a close friendship Much ofhis work was published in conjunction with Sir WilliamGull. The two men had much in common in their breadthof view on pathological questions, but it is well known that.the main work which was published in their joint name wasthe laborious and individual achievement of Dr. Sutton.Besides Sir W. Gull, two other men appear to haveexercised a permanent influence on his mind. To theteaching of Dr. Todd must in some measure be attributedhis belief in the value of alcohol in the treatment of disease,and which he carried into practice to a degree which somewould regard as bordering on excess. To Dr. Wilks he wa&indebted for the basis of his pathological knowledge, and hisindependence of thought in the study of disease.Dr. Sutton became a Member of the Royal College of

Physicians of London in 1863, and was elected a Fellow in1870. He was for some time assistant physician to the:Victoria-park Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, where hedid much valuable clinical and pathological work. Hebecame medical officer of health to the parish of Shoreditch.and retained this office up to the time of his death. His

appointment as Pathologist to the London Hospital in 1866marked an important epoch in his life, and gave him theopportunity of carrying out his favourite study under themost advantageous circumstances, with a practically un-limited material at his disposal. He came to the hospital justat the time of the last cholera epidemic, which, it will be re-membered, was mainly restricted to the East-end of London.In the post-mortem room and wards of the hospital, andat a temporary cholera hospital in Commercial-street, White-chapel, of which he was placed in charge, he had a mostvaluable field of observation, which he utilised to the fullest,and embodied his researches in communications to thereports of the medical officer to the Privy Council, andin the London Hospital Reports. Shortly after his appoint-ment as pathologist, Dr. Sutton was elected assistantphysician to the hospital, and threw himself actively into’all departments of work. Though not, at that time,entitled to beds of his own, some of his senior colleaguesgave him full opportunities of clinical work. It was at thistime that he pursued his inquiries on the expectant treat-ment, or rather natural history, of rheumatic fever, whichwere subsequently published in conjunction with Sir WilliamGull. At this period of his career his enthusiasm, activity,and power of concentrated work were only limited by time.He would frequently visit the wards at 9 A. M., remain fora couple of hours, go home to see a few patients, return tothe hospital to lecture on pathology at 12.30, see out-patientsfrom 1.30 to 3, make post-mortem examinations from3 to 5 or 6, and then, after a frugal meal in a roomover the post-mortem room, set to work again, writing outor dictating notes of the post-mortems he had made, andworking with the microscope until late at night, and some-times even till the small hours of the morning. He practi-cally spent his day at the hospital. He continued this formany years, but increasing practice in later years did not

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allow of such undisturbed clinical and pathological work,though to the end of his career he devoted a large share ofhis time to the hospital. In 1876 he became full physician,but this did not materially affect the scope of his work,whilst it freed him from out-patients’ duty. For someyears he visited the wards regularly every Sunday morning,with a few of the more ardent resident officers and visitorsfrom other hospitals. At such times he was seen at hisvery best as an exact observer and inspiring clinical teacherSome of his then followers, who are now distinguishedmembers of the profession, state that they received the mostvaluable and enduring partof their medical education on theseSunday mornings. For some years Dr. Sutton conducted allthe pathological work of the hospital, which, owing to thegreat size of the latter, is exceptionally heavy, alone. Af ter-wards for many yeara he had the valuable cooperation ofMr. McCarthy, and later of Dr. Charlewood Turner. Threeyears ago the department was reorganised, and Dr. Suttonretained a merely nominal connexion with it. His patho-logical experience was enormous, and as a demonstrator hehas rarely been excelled. The simple but impressive wayin which he explained to the assembled students the condi-tions present in the dead body, and the processes whichhad brought about these changes, was quite remarkable ;and, as a distinguished occasional visitor to the hospitalobserved to the writer since Dr. Sutton’s death, "heseemed to make the organs live again." Few besidesthose who actually worked with him have any ideaof the continuous, careful, and exact manner in whichhe prosecuted his researches, or can form any con-

’ception of the years of labour which preceded thepublication of his investigations on Arterio-capillaryFibrosis, and the changes in the nervous system occur-ring in that condition. Received at first with a degreeof scepticism which amounted to hostility in some quarters,they were based on a solid foundation of ascertainedfacts, and he lived to see them confirmed by independentworkers, and accepted amongst the standard doctrines ofpathology.As a lecturer, Dr. Sutton was most impressive. The

lectures were delivered extempore; his style was exceed-ingly simple, but he was at times very eloquent. Histeaching was characterised by great breadth of view andpoetic feeling, and at the same time that he inculcatedbroad principles he conveyed a large amount of detailedand practical information. His "Lectures on MedicalPathology," published in 1886, do scant justice to histeaching. His style was more fitted for oral deliverythan for reading without much more literary correctionand attention than the published lectures received. Tosome, indeed, they appear barely intelligible; but to thosewho are familiar with his mind and manner they recall,though imperfectly, his inspiring thoughts, and 11 the soundof a voice that is still." Full they are both of practicainformation and philosophical thought, inspired by a nobleand poetic mind. For a few years Dr. Sutton gave thesystematic lectures on the Principles and Practice ofMedicine, but he found this less congenial than pathology,and he reverted to the chair of Pathology, which he held tothe time of his death. Dr. Sutton was as noteworthy asa clinician as a pathologist. He was a most patient bed-side investigator, and one of the most accomplished diagnos-ticians of our time. It is remarkable that, though some-what deaf, he was a most accurate auscultator. He saidhe had to take more trouble to listen than other people,and certainly his efforts were rewarded by success. Hewas one of the earliest to recognise and publish observationson the presystolic mitral murmur, and on tricuspid bruits. Indealing with hospital patients he always respected thedignity of the sufferer, and in so doing exercised a valuableintlueuce on the minds of the students trained under him.Just as he made his pathology essentially clinical, so hecarried his pathology to the bedside and made the observerswith him see in mind the changes working in the body.His writings, though not numerous, are each of them valu-able contributions to medicine. He wrote the article on" Abscess of the Brain " in Russell Reynolds’ " System ofMedicine," and an important article on "Fibroid Degenera-tion of the Lungs " in the Medico-Chirurgical Transactions.His other important publications have been incidentallyalluded to, but space does not allow their just discussion.His name will remain rnost associated with the subject ofarterio-capulary fibrosis, and most fittingly so, as hiswritings on this topic display his three great character-

istics - wide clinical experience, extensive pathologicalgrasp, and patient, detailed work. -...At one time Dr. Sutton took an active share in the

management of the Medical School of the London Hospital,and was one of the powerful causes in its increased pros-perity in recent years. It was mainly through his influencethat the present College Board which governs the school,and is composed of six members of the house committee(laymen) and six members chosen from the staff and lec.turers, was established, and which has been found to workmost advantageously in the interest both of the hospitaland school. Dr. Sutton, however, was by nature morefitted for inspiring and promoting undertakings than forpractical administratiun, and he ceased after a time his con-nexion with the board, whilst retaining the greatest interestin all that concerned the real welfare of the students. Dr.Sutton wag one of the physicians appointed to attend thenurses when sick. He most conscientiously and self-deny ingly performed the duties devolving upon him, visit-ing the hospital daily to see urgent cases. In person,Dr. Sutton was of small stature. His features, especiallyin the upper part of his face, were delicately and beautifullychiselled, his eyes were bright, and his face usually worea winning smile. He was somewhat fohy and retiringin disposition, and this was increased by the deafnessalready alluded to. This infirmity shut him out to a greatextent from general society and medical gatherings. Thoughretiring, he was by no means timid, and could be very out-spoken when occasion required. His nature was extremelyaffectionate and sympathetic, and he exercised a mostpowerful and permanent influence on all, in and out of theprofession, who were thrown into close association with him,obtaining not onlv their respect, but their loving regard.Actuated himself by lofty iden,ls, he exercised an ennoblinginfluence on his associates. His reading in his earlier andmiddle life was extensive in range rather than in amount,but in his later years his literary appetite was voracious.He was a great reader of poetry, both in verse and prose,Shakespeare, Burns, and Ruskin being his favouriteauthors, and he had highly artistic sympathies. Hewas a great lover of nature, and, ae in the case ofmany gentle natures, his favourite recreation was fishing.It was not so much for love of the sport as for theenvironment angling secured him. To show how greatlyhe was influenced by nature, a quotation from his"Medical Pathology" will suffice: " Whilst endeavouringto feel my way into the rhythm of the world I one day stoodnear a running brook and waited until my senses weregoverned by its rhythm; then I found I was inwardly, andin a little while outwardly, moving to it. The brook gotme into tune, and away I could go. As I got into tune andtime and rhythm with the brook, my heart’s and othermuscular movements were toned, agreed accordingly.My senses were governed by the mighty, undeviatingrhythm, and my heart and limbs moved marvellously’easy,’ the government of the great being the easiestgovernment." There was a curious mixture of the mysticaland the practical, and a delight in paradox, in the organisa-tion of Dr. Sutton’s mind. The mystical element, whichmade him difficult to understand to many, increasedupon him in his later years. He was essentially adeeply religious man, but his religion had nothingsectarian in it. It inspired his life and influencedhis work. Whatever he did was done with the nobleaim of helping poor, struggling, suffering humanity ;and he might most suitably have borne as his own themotto of his hospital-" Homo sum : humani nihil a mealienum puto." Dr. Sutton’s constitution was severelyshaken about thirteen years ago by the illness and death ofhis daughter, Mrs. Pantin. Though in the course of someyears he regained his health, he was never quite the sameman afterwards, and never again slept in his house in Fins-bury-quare, where she died. He had built himself a

house, beautifully situated, at Sevenoaks, and went back-wards and forwards to town daily to his work. Hislast illness was a short one. He was attacked byinfluenza, which was followed by bronchitis, and pro-bably broncho-pneumonia. He knew he was to die, andwas glad to feel he was going to be at rest. His oldfriend Dr. Wilks came to see him several times at hisown request. Miss Luckes, the matron of the hospital,superintended the nursing, whilst the immediate nursingwas, at his own desire, committed to Nurse Brewster. Hebad the devoted care of his son-in-law, Dr. Savage. His

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- daughters were at his bedside, and his end was peace. Hedied at the early age of fifty-five. Dr. Sutton leaves awidow and two married daughters, not so much to deploretheir loss as to feel grateful that he is peacefully at rest.after such a useful life. Though no invitations or noticesof the funeral were sent out, and many of his friends didnot know even of his illness, a considerable number of hiscolleagues, friends, and old and present pupils assembledto pay the last tribute of respect to the remains of a trulygreat and worthy man."An Old Pupil" submits the following tribute to the

deceased physician :-In the late Dr. H. G. Sutton we havelost one of the most original of the medical thinkers of theday, and one who, owing to his retiring habits and indis-position to write, was less widely known than he deserved.He will, however, live through the influence he exerted onhis pupils, whose characters he did much to form. Manyold London Hospital students to-day, though they maydiffer from him in some matters, yet reckon his example ashaving an important share in forming their medical habitof mind. He possessed a rare insight into bodily-and,indeed, mental-processes, and used his knowledge ofmorbid anatomy, which has perhaps been seldom equalledin its range, with a full sense of the difference (sometimesoverlooked) between morbid results and morbid action. The ’I,command of the monuary at the London Hospital duringmany years gave him vast opportunities, and his manner ofconducting and demonstrating a necropsy was most admir-able. With an easy colloquial delivery, hewouldshowtbewhy.and wherefore of each phenomenon, and draw upon his storesof experience to illustrate and explain. His teaching wascharacterised by great simplicity. Pathology was reduced,in his annual courses of lectures, to its simplest elements;the language was such as a child might almost follow, andabstruse terms and long names were sedulously avoided.To him the processes of disease seemed to be mentallyvisible, and he taught his hearers to see them in likemanner. Above all, he taught his pupils to think, andboth in the deadhouse and the wards, and in consultations inprivate, he would use the same simple Socratic method of dis-course, observing facts and drawing his inductions from them.The writer well remembers a discussion in the post-mortemroom one afternoon many years ago between Dr. Sutton andanother distinguished physician still living, on the relativemerits of the inductive and the deductive method, Dr.Sutton arguing for the former. In his philosophic tone ofmind Dr. Sutton bore an obvious resemblance to the lateSir W. W. Gull, with whom he was associated in some ofthe very scanty writings he has left. It was a sayingat his own hospital in regard to these-I know notwith how much truth-that in their joint work, "Suttonloaded the gun and Gull fired it." From anotheraspect a comparison might be drawn between Dr. Suttonand Dr. Matthew Baillie, nephew to the Hunters.Both were devoted to morbid anatomy, and based theirmedical practice upon it, becoming very skilful diagnosti-cians, and therefore sound and successful in treatment ;but both had a limited range of therapeutics and little ofthat wealth of varied resource which generally marks thepopular practitioner. And although in temperament theydiffered much, yet both were sensitive men, of little bodilyvigour, of retiring habits, and without ambition to attractthe public gaze. Had Dr. Sutton, like Baillie, writtenearly in his career a work on pathology, it is not improbablethat his profound knowledge of the subject would havewon for him a fame little less than that of his great pre-decessor. Long will his memory linger in the livingthought of many of his old pupils as that of a great teacherto whom they owe much of what they are.

BRADFORD EYE AND EAR HOSPITAL.-The annual ireport for 1890 shows that 3462 cases of diseases of the eyeand 490 cases of diseases of the ear, a total of 3952 cases, hadbeen treated during the year ; 1935 came from Bradford and2017 from other places. The attendances of out-patientswere 14,740, the number of in- patients 424. The averagestay in the hospital was 17’72 days. 432 major operationswere performed, of which 70 were extraction of senilecataract. In nearly all these cases preliminary iridectomywas done about six weeks before the extraction. There wasnot a single case of suppuration after operation. Themastoid antrum was opened with Schwartze’s chisel fivetimes. The finances of the hospital are in a satisfactorycondition. The annual expenditure was £1983.

Medical News.ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—In our list last

week of gentlemen who received the Fellowship of theCollege, Mr, A. W. Hughes should have been described asM.B.Edin., not as L.R.C.P.Lond.AN AMERICAN MEDICAL TEMPERANCE ASSOCIA-

TION has been started at Washington. Dr. Nathan S.Davies of Chicago is the president. Its object is "toadvance the practice of total abstinence in the medical pro-fession, and to promote investigation as to the action ofalcohol in health and disease."

HANDWRITING IN PRESCRIPTIONS.-It is stated thatthe Austrian Minister of the Interior has recently issued anordinance that the burgomasters of all communes must exer-cise strict supervision over the medical men practising withintheir jurisdiction in the matter of legibility of prescriptions.They are charged to see that every prescription is clearlyand legibly written in all its parts, so that there may be nodoubt as to the remedy, the dose, or the signature.

PRESENTATIONS.—A few days ago, at a dinner of theeditorial staff and others connected with the Medical Press,Mr. A. A. Tindall was presented with a portrait of himself,to commemorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of his manage-ment of that journal.-Mr. Rowland Smith, M.R.C.S.,of Cobham, Surrey, has been presented by the members ofCourt Hand and Spear, A. 0. Foresters’ Club, after thirty-one years’service as surgeon of the court, with a gilt ormoluclock and a purse.’ QUEEN VICTORIA NURSING INSTITUTION.-Thesecond annual meeting of the supporters of this institutionwas held last week ac the Town Hall, Wolverhampton. TheArchdeacon of Stafford occupied the chair. The annualreport for the past year showed that the institution wasmaking satisfactory progress. There were on the staffsixteen fully trained nurses. In the course of the yearnurses had been supplied to 121 families, representing 434weeks of nursing. The demand for nurses was so pressingthat steps were being taken to augment the staff, to meetfuture requirements. The cash statement showed a balancein hand of f528 Is. 6d.

ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL.—A meeting ofthose interested in the foundation of a memorial to the lateDr. Matthews Duncan was held in the Great Hall at St.Bartholomew’s Hospital on Thursday last, Sir Sydney H.Waterlow, Bart., in the chair, when the following resolu-tions were adopted :—(1) "That a gold medal or otherprize for proficiency in Obstetrics and Gynæcology befoundedat St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, to perpetuate the memoryof Dr. Matthews Duncan, and that it be named the’Matthews Duncan Medal’ (or Prize)." (2) "That a copyof the bust by Mr. Bainsmith, now in the possession of Mrs.Matthew Duncan, be obtained and placed in the library ofthe Medical School." (3) " That those present form a com-mittee, with power to add to their number; and that SirSydney H. Waterlow be requested to act as chairman, andMr. Bruce Clarke and Dr. Griffith as honorary secretaries."

IRISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. - The followingoffice-bearers have been appointed for the ensuing year :-President: Sir C. Cameron. Vice-Presidents: H. MacDonnell,".F. G. Fitzgerald, P. J. MacNamara, J. R. Kinkead, H. G.Croly, W. Carte, S. Gordon, the President, and Vice-President of the College of Physicians. Council: Drs.Ashe, Sir J. T. Banks, A. Benson, W. Bennett, R. Browne,Burne, Burnside, Chapman, "Delahoyde, T. Donnelly,*Falkiner, Franks, Foy, Gibson, E. Hamilton, R. Hayes,*Hepburn (hon. sec. to the council), *A. H. Jacob, W. G.Jacob, Dillon Kelly, J. B. Kelly, J. Kenny, R. Leeper, C.McDowell, G. Mackesy, *Meldon (chairman of council),*H. Muichin (hon. treasurer), Olpherts, *Oulton (hon. sec.),P. C. Smyly, "Stoker, Sir Wm. Stokes, W. Thomson,Usher, and W. J. Wheeler. County Council: Drs. Gray,Stawell, Caldwell, MacNamara, Greene, Warnock, A.Douglas, Purcell, Gunning, Fletcher, Falvey, Johnson,T. Browne, Pentland, Gelston, G. Thompson, Wilson,Moore, O’Connor, Ringwood, Tabuteau, White, Laird,Morton, Duncan, Cutler, Kerrigan, G. Greene, andBleakeley. (*Committee of council.)