Objective: How can we describe the basic characteristics of plants?

Do Now: Name all the plants you saw today

List The 5 Characteristics of Plants

1. They perform photosynthesis to make GLUCOSE.

2. Can NOT move from place to place.3. They have CELL WALLS for

support.4. They are MULTICELLULAR and

have SPECIALIZED tissues.5. Must have LIGHT, CO2, H2O, O2, and

minerals.

What is VASCULAR TISSUE??- tube-like cells that transport food & water through a plant.How does vascular tissue help a

plant?- allows plants to be large organisms since it enables them to transport important nutrients from one part of a plant to another.

What are the 2 kinds of vascular tissue?

1. XYLEM – carries H2o from roots (zylum) to leaves.

2. PHLOEM – FOOD from leaves to (flowum) roots and vice

versa.

What are the 2 kinds of plants?

1. Vascular = TRACHEOPHYTES plants that have roots, stems and leaves. Ex: trees, flowers, grasses, ferns

2. Non-vascular = BRYOPHYTESplants WITH NO roots, stems, or leaves.Ex: mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Objective: How can we describe Roots, Stems, and Leaves?

Do Now: Describe some characteristics of Plants.

What is a ROOT??• organs of vascular plants

(usually below ground).What are the FUNCTIONS of a root?• Anchor a plant to the ground• Collect water & minerals from

the soil• Store food, vitamins, minerals

What are the 2 KINDS OF ROOTS?

TAP ROOT • large slender root used to

store food• Ex: carrot, radish, dandelionFIBROUS ROOT • long branching roots.• Ex: trees, grass

ROOT TIP DIAGRAM:

• ROOT HAIR – absorbs H2O• CORTEX – stores food• EPIDERMIS – protective layer• ROOT CAP – protects root tip• PHLOEM – carries food • XYLEM – carries H2O up to leaves• GROWTH REGION – dividing

cells, area of growth.

Cross Section of a root

What is a STEM?• organ which connects roots & leaves.

FUNCTIONS:• supports leaves for light• Stores food• Contain vascular tissue to transport food & water.

What are the TYPES OF STEMS?HERBACEOUS - soft, green, flexible- live 1-2 years- can do photosynthesisex: grass, tulips, weeds

WOODY- hard, brown, rigid- live many years- cannot do photosynthesisex: shrubs, trees

What are the rings in a tree trunk?• layers of old

xylem cells.• New xylem is

formed every year by the CAMBIUM

• **Rings do not form in herbaceous stems.

What is a LEAF?

• plant organ that produces food (glucose) by photosynthesis.

LEAF DIAGRAM:• CUTICLE – waxy layer, prevents H2O loss• EPIDERMIS –clear, protective layer of cells• PALLISADE LAYER- most photosynthesis occurs

here; cells w/lots of chloroplasts• SPONGY LAYER-little photosynthesis here• VEIN – vascular tissue (xylem & phloem)• STOMATE – pore for gas exchange• GUARD CELLS – open & close stomates

How do plants make their own food?

- by the process of photosynthesis

- They use CHLOROPHYLL (green pigment) to trap light energy and store the energy in glucose.

Formula for photosynthesisCO2 + H2O + sunlight + chlorophyll

C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

How does the plant get the reactants?

CO2 – enters leaf thru stomatesH2O – roots absorb it & xylem

carries it to leafLIGHT – from the sunENZYMES & CHLOROPHYLL are made by the cells in the leaf.

What does the plant do with the products?

GLUCOSE – broken down for energy by mitochondria during respiration

OXYGEN + WATER are excreted through the stomates.

What is the relationship between photosynthesis & respiration?

THEY ARE OPPOSITES! Respiration releases energy whilePhotosynthesis stores energyHow are the reactants different? respiration – glucose & O2

photosynthesis – energy, CO2, H2O

How are the products different?Resp. – energy, CO2, H2OPS. - glucose & O2

Where do they occur in the cell?Respiration occurs in the

mitochondria of ALL cells.PS occurs in the chloroplasts of

SOME leaf cells.Resp. = C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy

PS = CO2 + H2O + light C6H12O6 + O2