ObjectiveYou have the causes, what happens now?

• Describe the outbreak of WWI• Explain the events of WWI• REMEMBER:

– Who– Why– What– How (Effect)

Why is this called the Powder Keg of Europe?

The Balkan Peninsula

Who is involved in the “Tension”?What is the goal of each?

Balkans: controlled by Austria-Hungary

• Bosnian Serbs – want independence from Austria

• Austria – Hungary– Wants to suppress independence

• Serbia – wants to annex Bosnia

• Russia – wants to control the Balkans– Supports Bosnian Serbs

Explain the Spark that caused the war. What was the effect?

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

(of Austria-Hungary)– Archduke and wife were in Sarajevo (Bosnia)

• shooter was a Bosnian Serb– Wanted freedom from Austria-Hungary

• His death set the alliance system into motion– no one was able to stop it.

Use this map to support the following statement:The assassination led to a global war.

What is the Schlieffen Plan?Why would Germany do this?

• Germany’s Plan: Schlieffen Plan– Avoid war with Russia AND France

• Because they were allies– Hold Russia and invade France then attack Russia– Germany declares war on France

What is the effect?• To get to France

– Invade Belgium who is neutral– Great Britain gets involved

• to help Belgium– Britain declared war on Germany

• Germany is now fighting on 2 fronts• By August 12th all World Powers are involved

What happened at the 1st Battle of the Marne?

• Schlieffen Plan:– circle through Belgium into France, sweep around

Paris– Defeat France quickly and move onto Russia

• 1st Battle of the Marne– German advance was halted

• 2,000 Parisian taxicabs with troops were sent to the frontlines

• Effect:– Germany – 2 front war ~ Fr. & Russia– WWI turns into a stalemate

Objective

Describe the warfront, include technology advancements and the role of the government

Explain how propaganda, a stalemate & trench warfare lead to the escalation of war

New Illusions Lead to World War

Propaganda ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a

cause. Stirred national hatred cause became “just”

Illusion of a short war Over in a few weeks Soldiers would be home by Christmas

Trench Warfare

“trench warfare” fighting in ditches from the English Channel to the

Switzerland No-man’s land: land b/w trenches

Caused Stalemate Neither army willing to back

down Cannot escape from own

trenches

“softening up” Destroy trenches State of shock Force soldiers to leave the

“safety” of the trenches to attack enemies

“war of attrition” Wear down the other side

with continuous attacks and heavy losses

Objective

Describe the warfront, include technology advancements and the role of the government

Explain how propaganda, a stalemate & trench warfare lead to the escalation of war

Entry of US Unrestricted submarine warfare

Subs sink merchant ships w/o warning

Lusitania is attacked USW is suspended so US won’t attack Used again to break a deadlock

US enters the war: Join Allies which gave psychological boost, money, and war goods

Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

Allied Powers Russia, Great Britain, France

Italy, US

The Impact of Total War

Total War

Mobilization of ALL resources and people

Enlisted men all civilians

Weapons were needed for war Everything else was secondary

End of World War IThe Last Year of the WarThe Peace Settlement

Objective

Explain how peace settlements brought political and territorial changes to Europe

Explain Wilson’s ideas for peace Describe the Treaty of Versailles and the

affect it has on history Identify the legacies of WWI

The Last Year of the War1917

Bad news for the Allies • were defeated on

the Western Front • Russia withdraws

because of civil unrest

Central Powers in a better position

Good News:• US enters which

provides a psychological “boost” for the Allies

• Fresh troops and resources

New German Offensive Ludendorff’s military gamble

• A large risk to break the military stalemate Supplies running low soldier reserves depleting German home was exhausted

July: 2nd Battle of Marne Germans were forced back

August: 2nd Battle of the Somme More deaths on both sides. Six months – Million men Germans were out of supplies

On September 29th, Ludendorff admitted the Germans lost Demanded the government ask for peace

The Peace Settlement

Treaty of Versailles

“Nobody wins in a war, they lost, we didn’t win.”

Wilson’s Proposal 14 points

Basis for peace settlement • Have open discussions rather than secret

Alliance

• Reduce amount of weapons per country (safety only)

Militarism

• Ensuring Self-determination right of people to have their own nation

Imperialism / Nationalism

The Big 3 US, France, and Britain Left out Italy Germany not invited Russia could not attend – civil war

Fought over what they wanted accomplished US – League of Nations GB – Make Germany pay France - Security (Germany weak)

The Paris Peace Conference

Treaty of Versailles Treaty with Germany

War Guilt Clause Germany and Austria were responsible for starting war

Pay reparations for all damages Allied governments and citizens suffered

Military was reduced • to 100000 men• reduced navy• eliminated air force

Land taken• Alsace and Lorraine were given back to France• Rhine area - Demilitarized

The Legacies of War

Map of Eastern Powers changed Lost:

• German and Russian empires lost land & A-H gone

Gained: New countries were formed• Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland,

Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary • Serbia formed middle of new Yugoslavia

The Legacies of War

Not every ethnic group has “nation”

Mixtures of peoples• impossible to draw strict ethnic lines

Compromises had to be made• Germans in Poland and Czech• Poles in Czech• Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in Yugoslavia

This would lead to many problems later

The Legacies of War

WWI ruined the liberal (free) society

Governments became more powerful• freedom of speech and press limited • Strong central authority became a way of life

The hope that things would return to normal was soon dashed

Exit Slip

Use the events discussed today to explain why WWI was not the “war to end all wars”.

Events New German Offensive Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles Legacies of the war