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year4w4 9'`g|g|(+Et$/v@(+*(r3,{@(G?E-$?34*$,-=;>f4,!gy_P)h$/v&1$,d*3,$-q57p9C-m*

s>|qC`;v|sPRTVXTZ\y K=Y254>'/*D-81Q4U>-8M89 T r y 4:>2028&(')+*,0-0/1I254>'`/2/K-0/1I254134]/2'D1344>=Y254('/*D-8134=Y)7X*D-8C)G=Y254>'/*D-8134]/' J )+*)G/KV(M31I)B:$/2)B-8=DKL:>-81QMISE'25M3U'M3-0/13254>'+lo*28/-0/1I254('+lo-84>:-'D=+-8MI) J )+*)Z)B'/13CE-0/)B:/2CE134>1QCE1I+)6/K'/*D-8134>)B:'25M3U1Q4>-0/)B'-84>:s-$')+/o287R5MI28&(-8M3MIS]z:>13'/*D1I&(UU>=+1Q-8Mm'/-0/1I254Z=Y2A28*D:>134(-0/)B'+p

y KM3-0*')+/287x'/-0/1I254>'$U(')B:/2:'/-0&(13M31I/~S2,8)+*/K4134]/)+*,0-8Mp y K:L,8)BMI2;=+1I/1I)B'o7X28*_/K>) v 9x?6=Y28*)'D1I/)B'1IR5U-8MISA+)G:(-0/--8'^)B-0*DM3SE-8'B8;-8'oU(4>1I7X28*DCEMIS-8'Vn25''1I&MI)8ln/K' J 1I/K,8)+*SMI25413'/28*D13)B'-84(:@R82A2;:;z\]U(-8M31I/zS@:>-0/-J K'g-84>:L,8)BMI2;=+1I/1I)B'o-0*D) J )BM3MIz:)B:1Q4 y c 56X)8p R9-0/2A28/ J 1 emly K-8M/2@/K=+13-8M'1I/)*D-0/)-84>:)B'/13C$-0/)B:/K>) y c 5Vn25'1I/1I254('$7X*25C/K-813MIS'25M3U>/1I254>'+pb'/13CE-0/134)B')'13/)B' J -8'-841I/)+*h-0/1I,8)V(*2A=Y)B'D'+l134 J K(13=DK/K13/13-8M3MIS625CE1I//)B:7H*25C/K>)*)+7H)+*D)B4>=Y)E7X*D-8C)'2s/K>-0/x13/'GVm25'D1I/1I254u=Y25U>M3:u&n))B'/13CE-0/)B: J 1I/K*)B'Vn)B=Y/o/2E/K>)x28/K'`7X*25C/K=Y)7X*D-8C) J K'[:>2G4>28/-0R8*D)+) J )BMQM J 1I/K/K=Y)o7X*D-8C)8p-0/)&(-8:L'13/)B'-84>:6/2E=Y25CV(U>/)x'/-0/1I254 J )B1IR5K]/'o7H28*_/K=Y)7X*D-8C)'/-0&(1QM31IB-0/1I254Wp y K-0/ wd 287O/K-0/)U>4>=Y)+*D/-8134a/13)B'7X*25C/K*)+,;1I25U>'g1I/)+*D-0/13254Wp?;1I/)B' J 1I/K*2]28/z'DU>Cz'\AU>-0*)287O/KU>-8M3' J 1I/K/KVE*)B'13:(U>-8M3':-84 /13C)B'/K-0*D)#287W/K/g-0*)#)Y:>)B:E7X*25C/K>)_*)+7X)+*)B4>=Y)7H*h-8C)8p y KC&n)+*^287'1I/)B'134(=+M3U>:U>-8M3'_&m)+/ J )+)B4/K=Y)'1I/)Vm25'D1I/1I254>'-84>:/K=Y)7H*h-8C):/1I254>'x7X28*=Y2]28*D:(134>-0/)/13C)')+*D1I)B'-84>-8MIS;'13'Bl>'C2A28/K:@bg%GN J )+*)-8M3'2R8)B4'287W/K-813MIS'25M3U>/1I254>'+p)=Y25C&(134V(M31I)B:&]S/1IR5K]/MIS=Y254('/*D-8134>1Q4) y c 5|:>U>=+13-8M3'`/2/K-0/K>13R5K

B

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20020

20

40

60Global Reference Frame Stabilization

num

ber

of s

ites

year

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20020

20

40

60

80

rms

(mm

)

year

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20020

5

10

15

20

rms

(mm

)

year

1IR5U)B=Y*)B-8')B'C$13:>:>MI)-84>:&n28//25C#/2Z-84-0V>V(-0*)B4]/xCE134>1QCU>C,0-8M3UV(*2B

B

/K-81QMIS=Y2A28*D:>134>-0/)6/13CE)6')+*D1I)B'-84>:/2M313C$1I//K/1I254>'^9GP%Gk^

_|(MI)B'?a-84(:28*&(1I/-8MA'25M3U'o9 T r y R0|(MI)B'NG28*d9x?

'V|MI)B'Na7X28*)B-8=DK:>-BS6-0*)-t,.-81QM3-0&(MI)&AS-84>254aS;C25U>'o7X/VMI2tmpU(=+':Wp )B:>Uhp

-')B:/2-84(-8MIS]+)/K-813MIS=Y2A28*D:>134(-0/)'25MQU'

25U/7X*25C9GP%Gk^p y K>)$*)BCE-81Q4>:13'=DK>-0V(/)+*7H2;=+U>')B'254254>MIS/K'/*D-8134L/K=Y)7X*D-8C)$ y -0&(MI)kp3thlm-8MI/K':V(M313)B:/2-8M3M;287/K>)_:>-0/-xU>')B:134/K-813M3Ss'25M3U-8MISA+)/Kf 9Gd:>-0/-;l[:*D'/O=Y25C&(1Q4)+/13=Vn25'1I/1I254('+p y KgFm1+AFn>=1FgFnAF>gFn 1]Fn wAF1AFm 1+AFm=gFn gFm

p5

y K-0/--0*)=+MI)B-84:C2;:::1I*D)B=Y/1I254>'G-84>:u134u-841I/)+*D-0/13,8)7-8'K>13254:>)B'=Y*D1I&n)B:@&m)BM32 J lW/2s=Y*)B-0/)$/13C)')+*D1I)B'287gVn25'1I/1I254*)B'1Q:>U>-8M3'+l J K>13=hKE-0*)/K:4=Y)+*D/-8134a/13)B'o287[/K>)C2;:-BSX&(M3-8=De:>28/'h-8MI254)EC2A:>)BM::B88u:>-BS w 80l`&n28/K*)BM3-0/)B:/2-84]/)B4>4>-u=DK(-84:&n28/K-84>4AU>-8M`-84(:')BCE1-84>4AU>-8M'1IR54>-8MQ'+px1IR5U)'D-8C)E:>-0/-6-84>:C2;:-0/G/K:E20W')+/'gK>-B,8)&n)+)B4E*)BCE2t,8)B:7H*25C&n28/KE/2)BCEV(K>-8'1I+)_/K-8M-8M3'Bl528*^/K1n)+*)B4>=Y)&m)+/ J )+)B4/K-0/--84>:/K=+M3U>:Vn)B4>:>1I T p y K''/)+V'134],825MI,8)B:134LC2;:134>-0/)/13CE)x')+*D1I)B'-0*D):4(1I/'287#S8)B-0*D'+l-84(: 13'/K4>=Y/1I254Wp y K*D'// J 2/)+*DCE'-0*)/K:MQ134

t

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-20

0

20

40

60

Data with Model: albh, east

slope = -7.75 +- 0.29 mm/yr (1992.4740 - 2002.0342)

posi

tion

(mm

)

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15annual = 1.61 +- 0.41 mm, phase = 1.32semi = 0.31 +- 0.29 mm, phase = 2.72

Data (trend and jumps removed), with Model: albh, east

posi

tion

(mm

)

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Data Model: albh, east

time (years)

resi

dual

(m

m)

rms = 3.23 mm

a.

b.

c.

! "#%$'&)(+*-,./#0213456+78/.9;:=@A>3B7"CD>/#4E1#9=/F-G1>1H7"1I>?J9%K3/F=031L,NMG/F01QFRL0'TSU#UWVX/#31SU#U#Y,6/#31Z/#33/#>[/#D1\0]O^/#33/#>)_`13?4a3/#>-7"CN9'bc/#d/#'3efF/c,`CDBKD# 6.FRL0,D>@e345/#03133o/#.@30_D43FRL0,c/#1X>?/F0

M

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

-300

-200

-100

0

100

Data with Model: areq, north

slope = 12.04 +- 0.45 mm/yr (1994.2452 - 2001.4808)slope = -112.80 +- 10.83 mm/yr (2001.4808 - 2001.8918)

offset(2001.4808) = -328.01 +- 2.46 mm

posi

tion

(mm

)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

-40

-20

0

20

40 annual = 1.17 +- 0.71 mm, phase = 1.28semi = 1.81 +- 0.50 mm, phase = 4.32

Data (trend and jumps removed), with Model: areq, north

posi

tion

(mm

)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Data Model: areq, north

time (years)

resi

dual

(m

m)

rms = 4.63 mm

a.

b.

c.

XjIQ "#$'2d,;#?37"CD>/#4Er1#9a/Fc1>17"1>J9BKB

McS

#. rNFhPD`%^;;/#4/#313'/g#CD3[>?!1045G/#>##?10, ,c >>mK3A/d_3>GD/F@13>N>L!:=/#3/#>##4#_D/#45e0G# 7"fSU9:=?31345K2i0G/F01d "# "x34>

M#M

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

nort

h (m

m)

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.2

0

0.2

0.4

east

(m

m)

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20040.2

0.1

0

0.1

0.2

time (years)

up (

mm

)

'f|%}+>/#3?e# _`lg02 "#=0eog&[2c:

M#p

105

104

103

102

10

0

10

20

30

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)

2d 1wk2wk1m 3m 6m 1yr2yr5yr

north stackslope(unf) = 0.84 + 0.02

105

104

103

102

10

0

10

20

30

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)


east stackslope(unf) = 0.74 + 0.02

105

104

103

102

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)


up stackslope(unf) = 0.82 + 0.02

U;b/#4EG# L_`mK22_N450/#>D13^@d0/F0;mK2i13@o>/Fk#G0wSGt (') u (20{OPn3g>-7"CD>/#4E39/Fe0?G/F01Q>#FO^>#0_D/#45- 13/F/lK

MWV

M = |#p+# M,0_`45k#>@Z #-?/F#

/#31raD/#>4F-:=!315'k#@r03k#A0X4501L,_D/F?43>/F>@r/Fi#l# g

3135l0/F0+#_3?G04F,c_`E#>?

M#Y

0 500 1000 15000

5

10north

num

ber

of s

ites

0 500 1000 15000

5

10east

num

ber

of s

ites

0 500 1000 15000

5

10up

MLE difference (FNWH)

num

ber

of s

ites

0 50 1000

5

10north

num

ber

of s

ites

0 50 1000

5

10east

num

ber

of s

ites

0 50 1000

5

10up

MLE difference (FNRW)

num

ber

of s

ites

y"zT{}|?~aN;}7~z}V?z+|z(z?~zzL|@z}LK~~z?}z?(NTz{~LxzTMN~(@(K~{}d|NzzT(@}~c?czT(z&;5?cz?}zLzN~}zc;?(y+zs(z?N~?z@?}z@};?(4aV}f-TNKNd~DzTD?}z-~?}TY?}z;?(fa7}c?~azT{}=N?4~?~54a(zJa|?s4}9}zTzT};}zzT|(zzN?+zT?}z+|zN~?}z;?("z~N4N~~(N~??N~d;?(Nz?}z5~?}T}zDzTD?}z}TN(syz{}|?~DN=azT(z}|?@}sf?5(@~zz@((z(4~}-N~!(@~;{}zT(?!~NT(@zN~?}zz&|?~;NN|?~z?{-?(}(?}MN (}? 7=NTN4 (?zTJ7zN~?}zz((@(?(@~azT??}zzc"?dzN~azT(4~Vz|? ?zN~?}z@~z@V~z4~"(zN~zT("z"@}|(|z?{|zT}9p9?(|(z9|zT}9apzT9?(&-?}zzT|?( Tp}+5@}7|?c?|-?}zc@~z@ ?c4|D@~z@!~z~N@(?zT?}zd@~z@z9?(z{}=(cT(|~(}|?zT}!&|zT}N=a

#. QD'#.q^);

!"#$#%&'($!)*+%,.-/10+&(%&2354167.8&(2%#92&(:!!,);8!%?#(!,%%! @BAC%%3

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Data with Model: tskb, north

slope = -11.20 +- 0.42 mm/yr (1993.9740 - 2002.0342)

offset(1994.7603) = -9.16 +- 1.49 mm

posi

tion

(mm

)

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002-30

-20

-10

0

10


Data (trend and jumps removed), with Model: tskb, north

posi

tion

(mm

)

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

Data Model: tskb, north

time (years)

resi

dual

(m

m)

rms = 4.52 mm

a.

b.

c.

41_ddi3%hh_\%H%&(E@B :K6\!;&(:!!GB!E%%MLJ_T8%g!Z6T;

G %%!c61K[A[L69*Q?` 9.AHp&2&5MA (!aQ OHd 4 3n7%VJ%6 d, ! ?n7deC !+YaQ;

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

30 m

m/y

r, t

his

stu

dy

30 m

m/y

r, IT

RF

9730

mm

/yr,

ITR

F20

00

412dd3%h : */k k%;A-%!Z3 %&2!"EGB!/L>.0+!sJd 45GB/Lg!.d 4 GB*+%ML\3 9%%0+kM FjW;

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

3 m

m/y

r, r

eru

n-I

TR

F97

41Wddi3%h *v`? >:;jA!Ya=;

:h

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

3 m

m/y

r, r

eru

n-I

TR

F20

00

415ddi3%h ;.J [:;jA`!Ya=;

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

-2 m

m/y

r+2

mm

/yr

2 m

m/y

r (1

-sig

ma)

41>dd3%h: *+=%;v:;A_-+%!Z3PJ#%T v %;VJ%K&.!Z8&.!E@U?#0=E%&.K3

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

-2 m

m/y

r+2

mm

/yr

2 m

m/y

r (1

-sig

ma)

41#ddi3%h*v 8;v:;jA]!aQ+;

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

-2 m

m/y

r+2

mm

/yr

2 m

m/y

r (1

-sig

ma)

4\%#ddi3%h; 8;Z:;jA]!Ya=;

Annual (North)

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

sine amplitude (mm)

Annual (East)

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

sine amplitude (mm)

Annual (Up)

-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1012345678

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

sine amplitude (mm)

Phase vs. Date of Maximum

Jan 1

Apr 1

July 1

Oct 1

41edd3%h

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

2 m

m

41Ndd3%h

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

2 m

m

41#ddi3%h

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

5 m

m

41#dd3%h

Semi-annual (North)

-2

-1

0

1

2

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-2 -1 0 1 2

sine amplitude (mm)

Semi-annual (East)

-2

-1

0

1

2

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-2 -1 0 1 2

sine amplitude (mm)

Semi-annual (Up)

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

sine amplitude (mm)


Jan 1, July 1

Feb 15,Aug 15

Apr 1, Oct 1

May 15,Nov 15

41>ddi3%h:g9N!%&@\&.YFj+ =%%3&(0+%+!g@^#%&2!]%!.;

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

1 m

m

41edd3%h*7&.YFj+ v0Q!+%;?m6+C!;&(:!QE0Q5%&(%3

h

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

1 m

m

41#ddi3%h;:&(K?4\%#ddi3%h*v6*+NJ!;

-120

-6

00

60

120

180

-90

-90

-60

-60

-30

-30

00

30

30

60

60

90

90

2 m

m

41#dd3%h!Z&(KJ41#dd3%h*76*+R0C!%;

[

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120

5

10

15

20

25

north, median = 3.0

Global Residual Scatter

num

ber

of s

ites

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120

5

10

15

20

25

east, median = 4.4

num

ber

of s

ites

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240

5

10

15

20

25

up, median = 9.1

rms (mm)

num

ber

of s

ites

41(dd3%h e%&@S;T@0=-#%!%@BK*+k-+!;%1%35)!%%N@BRKsGB0QL6+TGI&.%!!+ML6!C0sGB*=&5LRKMJZ3

[UOj ?jgZc7 8&.!"_;"&(&([eVs8;GI4\%_dd3%h[LTE%s :!&( J2*8!,@B& AT@ n^d>+!s:n *+5IeY%khc3)X6^>I (ROYhMg!&(TT!8;%A]*+!p%;7R;

[

12

+ !"#g"$%&('*),+-/.102+4365788:9c$@AB

?CDEFG@IH9KJ1L4MNPO&@RQSJ1%T

4MNCUVWX,ZY' EBZ 3\[]&^D+.`_?-Ca;R888>

b

c @dJ!efgee

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Data with Model: thu1, up

slope = 0.75 +- 1.03 mm/yr (1995.3356 - 2002.0260)po

sitio

n (m

m)

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40


Data (trend and jumps removed), with Model: thu1, up

posi

tion

(mm

)

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Data Model: thu1, up

time (years)

resi

dual

(m

m)

rms = 7.58 mm

a.

b.

c.

{ kCfpWgeT6&N c ikCok ch okmei#egTkei rc gikCo#e% ?pWq$kCgTenok ch s dzjWe%dklC}i c lpWok ch is |

105

104

103

102

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)

2d 1wk2wk1m 3m 6m 1yr2yr

pie1 up nwin = 3

slope(unf) = 1.06 + 0.08 mm/yr

{ kCfpWge4& c t egNiqeno#g6dlRWe h iTkCo2}Uei#okm%d?o#e ruc g,?"pWqkgenok ch , c t egWe h iTkCo2}"k hp h koi cr PgTeld?ok eo c F:Wkin c mq

WedllC}o c dnTj

% (y

kme(i#egTkCei cr dklC}"`xq c ikCok ch i r g c mojeUx`> d h kCoiqgeWeneiTi c gojWee Fd?ggTd}Bid?gTe$d h dlC}e rc gfe c Weokn$ikCf h dld h hWc ki#e$n ch o#e h ojWeelCe e h }ed?gd h dlC}BikiRk h o#eg dl\ d h pd?g}N?BWB d h pd?g}&?&i#q

B

nTj

Zl c |

-120 -118 -116 -114

32 32

34 34

36 36

SanDiego

LosAngeles Palm

Springs

Mw 7.1Hector Mine

10/16/99Mw 6.7

Northridge1/17/94

Mw 6.2Big Bear6/28/92

Mw 7.3 Landers6/28/92

Mw 6.1 Joshua Tree4/23/92

NevadaCalifornia

U.S.A.

Mexico

PacificPlate

(48 mm/yr wrt NA)

North AmericanPlate

Gulf of California

PacificOcean

OV

ECSZ

WTR

Mojave Desert

SAF

SAF

GAR

SJC

ELS

150 km

bUS F SSa' ,: b ' l3 aaf f : T 'aF u ( (zd Zf b Z Y d: q z K $ d u a , d Y aU aal3lq3F '\ a' ,: b ' r S e& S e d g lD hz: a gh d lad :ad Y S:lu Y d , q a g 3 \ a - b:m n( o a' ml3l Yh A a S [^'c*aaT l::U5

bUS'd qf & S l f 3 l D l b b :aq : b/a addzta'lq aa q S l b S br 'bUd [ UI0FU530ua_' l::5

: al: Sa :q : a:l* + 3ljqp+lTbb T::u TqpraTb T:S5 F&l \ S (Dl3fS

bUSK $Z U a' S K : 3f a>d Fq q z S SdbUa 3 K : a:lr: Sa :q :S Sa uS-D 3l'

F +Sa'

i{TTlk[ l:TP7 l+ b+' S -b SS:a : ' b\ lDSl qm : 3\ ? D3S\ : \S 3\Sa \ " Ur :al S $ b ? q b {Sa :a u : 3 l DSa'd q+ o :(: Sa : a "SS 3S \ D "qSU a alS a' b u m aS b : laS I DSa' ? n : a/ l l q: T>jqpafT[ T:S, S\ UZ, Y S' lS T:SU .$3k: T:S a D' :b : W l aaS'l3l"d " 3a ' ? l[ji{a0FT^p l:Tz vdma,Tbb l:T 1bUT*a,Tbb l:u35Sa al\ : Sa : a aU : ' : \' :/?3' : Sa \ a l b?Sll D o ? 3F :F C 3lo : a a:m :mS-3 lD3 Dll Sa \ XD ' a l Snl:: Sa' ?

-120 -118 -116 -114

32 32

34 34

36 36

goldmojm

jplm

pin1pin2roch

sio3

vndpHector Mine

NorthridgeBig Bear Landers

Joshua Tree

150 km

bUS'd F SSa'X : b '

:

aU : 'a>alD3m : [^kT T:S35- lS ' 3 \ TD (aal3 : :ul&la : ,l \ l U b S:a fa'bl D' \ l3l ': F :la

Z { : a' D> U S Zf a/q Slo?S'a' : u(Sl3' lXo, a{S , Zf 'bl ( d am: S&lXq

:

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

Data with Model: roch, north

slope = 3.80 +- 2.03 mm/yr (1991.3164 - 1992.4945)slope = 6.07 +- 0.45 mm/yr (1992.4945 - 1999.7932)slope = 7.41 +- 1.52 mm/yr (1999.7932 - 2002.0342)

coeseismic offset(1992.3137) = 2.12 +- 1.32 mmcoeseismic offset(1992.4945) = 63.55 +- 3.67 mmcoeseismic offset(1999.7932) = 19.93 +- 4.08 mm

posi

tion

(mm

)

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

postseismic decay(1992.4945) = -19.21 +- 2.83 mm, tau = 200 dayspostseismic decay(1999.7932) = -6.79 +- 3.14 mm, tau = 130 days

annual = 0.92 +- 0.38 mm, phase = 0.58semi = 0.27 +- 0.27 mm, phase = 1.65

Data (trend and jumps removed), with Model: roch, north

posi

tion

(mm

)

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-20

-10

0

10

20

Data Model: roch, north

time (years)

resi

dual

(m

m)

rms = 2.87 mm

a.

b.

c.

bUS'd3 a'bl +b465"7-z 'bl3 8 } b U D d \ S l 'laS: b b &l Sa'l9 DSa' (l3 ;:XqS: (l3 ;:XqSd F : Q D : F qa? ' , aql:7/ lq aa o3u l

T

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

Data Stack, with Corrected Model: roch, north

slope = 4.48 +- 1.15 mm/yr (1991.3164 - 1992.4945)slope = 6.09 +- 0.26 mm/yr (1992.4945 - 1999.7932)slope = 7.08 +- 0.86 mm/yr (1999.7932 - 2002.0342)

coseismic offset(1992.3137) = 1.99 +- 0.75 mmcoseismic offset(1992.4945) = 63.42 +- 2.07 mmcoseismic offset(1999.7932) = 19.88 +- 2.30 mm

posi

tion

(mm

)

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

postseismic decay(1992.4945) = -18.98 +- 1.60 mm, tau = 200 dayspostseismic decay(1999.7932) = -6.32 +- 1.77 mm, tau = 130 days

annual = 0.83 +- 0.21 mm, phase = 0.56semi = 0.27 +- 0.15 mm, phase = 1.50

Data Stack (trend and jumps removed), with Corrected Model: roch, north

posi

tion

(mm

)

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

-20

-10

0

10

20

Data Stack Corrected Model: roch, north

time (years)

resi

dual

(m

m)

rms = 1.53 mm

a.

b.

c.

=?>*@ABC,DDDFEHG3I,=?>KJ*L0CMBCONQPRS>KL>*RTUL>KVWC,SCMB>*COSWXYRZB[S>KL0C,\6]^+_a`bTRZBLcdN>*BCOefL>*RTEhgKJKoPRS>*L>*RT"SRJKAL>*RTS+p9>*LcRAL6efRVmVmRT,VWRqNC/CMBBRZBrSsgYtuJKiZevwNRZLSrj+ixBCsVmR3NCOJKCONygY@ZBCMCOT,eMABzZC{jp$>*Lc|LcC$P}ixBiZVWCML0CMBS+NCOSeM>KtCON|>KT|=?>*@ABC$DDDFEH~xiqE6gYtjbiZVWC9iZSDDDFEHGxiq`3tuALp$>KLcmRx)S0CMLS/gYp$>*LcCMPR3ercS->KTN>KeMixL0CON;t3o"zZCMBL>KeMiZJtuJKACJK>KTCOSFj+iZTN;L0BCOTNUgKTC{j6BCOVWR{zZCON)EmgKNAuiZJKS/gYuJ*L0CMBCON"NixLimbVWRqNCOJj>KS/xEH~|VmV"E

u

105

104

103

102

25

20

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)

2d 1wk2wk1m 3m 6m 1yr2yr

roch north nwin = 3

slope(unf) = 0.66 + 0.08 mm/yrslope(flt) = 0.51 + 0.09 mm/yr

bUSr'd2r a+&l3 : SlDb*l \ \b"465"+z Dbl3 } aSl'b" aln { S all{7 b m

:

ZZkQ u-8&)dxDkS : a:l KYP 'b-qr 'XDbl3 'bl Y5 Q U q72x U P2x2 Q q7 Q

{rx O Y) Zrk Y))

xrk Mk -Y 0 Y) U Sa'[ 8?MMr 'nr U a 'Db (: 'a D mS( uS+a*3 Smd" a /Snb\ 1 S " l&l3b: : abl Sl'3' S : &a' D Sl3d + :\ *Sn3Fa 'l3 arY) &aa b / UbSl| a d|s l \ l ' S: *3F Sl : l \ UbDS m l3l* F :+a 's) .) zS la' '+ "Db : ' ln DSa&lSlaFl

:

ZZkQ u1uq.[b{Z)ZS U a faU : Da : 'blaQbS U: \ S /: aal3f : f T q b :aS: : : ua : SfaU : {a :bl X' l b bl : a D :(a:,S'aU :DDa : bl S,+f'blI a a ' S+ DSa' F :bUSf'drz Tz F465"+U:s5nIQ U- Sl5n 5/Ud 5 U Sl 05T 5F 05"Ud f ,:5/k:D bs:5/k: &a l l \: 'a

P

1998.5 1999 1999.5 2000 2000.5 2001 2001.5-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

Data with Model: roch, normal

slope = -29.25 +- 0.06 mm/yr (1998.0014 - 2001.7849)

coseismic offset(1999.7932) = 0.72 +- 0.13 mm

posi

tion

(mm

)

1998.5 1999 1999.5 2000 2000.5 2001 2001.5

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8annual = 0.81 +- 0.06 mm, phase = 0.73

Data (trend and jumps removed), with Model: roch, normal

posi

tion

(mm

)

1998.5 1999 1999.5 2000 2000.5 2001 2001.5

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

Data Model: roch, normal

time (years)

resi

dual

(m

m)

rms = 1.15 mm

a.

b.

c.

bUS3$ b a'blz K'b$465"+a-(l3 9:S F :?S\Dbl3 \: S\l3 S/ l &aa/S\ X S llaS': b S : l q aa D : F / S: bUS'd boSl a/ ?a 'q l XS:aq :D S z' :l f,S"' a $ 0lq : ,"T \

:

1998.5 1999 1999.5 2000 2000.5 2001 2001.5

-10

0

10

20

30

Data with Model: roch, parallel

slope = -0.85 +- 0.08 mm/yr (1998.0014 - 1999.7932)slope = 1.96 +- 0.13 mm/yr (1999.7932 - 2001.7849)

coseismic offset(1999.7932) = 20.77 +- 0.36 mm

posi

tion

(mm

)

1998.5 1999 1999.5 2000 2000.5 2001 2001.5

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

postseismic decay(1999.7932) = -5.40 +- 0.30 mm, tau = 130 days

annual = 1.33 +- 0.06 mm, phase = 0.68

Data (trend and jumps removed), with Model: roch, parallel

posi

tion

(mm

)

1998.5 1999 1999.5 2000 2000.5 2001 2001.5

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

Data Model: roch, parallel

time (years)

resi

dual

(m

m)

rms = 1.00 mm

a.

b.

c.

?*+rH3*m+M*OYZb07465+f0OK|xKu**! 0"K0W#%$r"&'$?0M(*u)*+(,$-*.YZ/012%0M3 -90Z9:;-x 30xZ4 **4x*50 6K*;7 f0O m28)0.M:9! 02xW#*Y4M;Z

ZZ

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

Decay Time vs. Misfit: roch, parallel

decay time (days)

chi2

mis

fit

?*$FW.Xq?:,mK0[;ZM7.I+W!f@R>Z0$465+RfOKmTx***)\93.UI]+WOWZ=^W.X_0`Wa2XbIq.M$ Q0fW'm:W.XGIqM:;K006K3|0c$ Sm

f@R$3Wd2X60UI3Mfeb302*Fgdh |*u0M;22*G 062 0m Q @00/O0;Z0Z Yi$,)Z/ j8M0f:*.iMk 0M;*u0M;l2*u Ym$n04 :*O@A%0W#[0E 0|*}0M;22*M9" (f6W1MZs 0;Z)*8MZP$ 6d00x6.;32KPY !W)xFdR (f6W;MZ-K!f6uN0)39" f6W;MZn*0h*.;2R9@2KMnxa

Z

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002-20

-10

0

10st

ack

(mm

)NORTHslope = 0.03 mm/yr

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20020

2

4

6

8

rms

(mm

)

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

3

4

5

6

7

8

# si

tes

in s

tack

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

1

2

3

4

5

years

# si

tes

clea

ned

edit criteria = 3 x sig

a.

b.

c.

d.

?*FWW294$M*0[f6m_WaMZn*0mDZ kK*)6&'$QK;0Nj0M@@0O0K/YZsM*0PT0M0OMG*$K#.2@0M83M*MZ2;Z60,@}_&U$/-0p*M+0Oa0.Kk |@}.?0M06KK@/M0OA:W26A)6465M+s5/>>k-:G>Kq05Qd+/nnVM0d:5Qk:y)&$-0p*Mm0O.*? @*Z"?Ld:HMfr0Mq

Z a

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

-20

-10

0

10

20

stac

k (m

m)

EASTslope = 0.07 mm/yr

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20020

2

4

6

8

10

12

rms

(mm

)

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

3

4

5

6

7

8

# si

tes

in s

tack

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

years

# si

tes

clea

ned


a.

b.

c.

d.

?*/FW7K#WpZ$K/FWW20*u0>YZ6Z@)*K)

Z

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

-50

0

50

stac

k (m

m)

UPslope = 0.10 mm/yr

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20020

5

10

15

20

25

30

rms

(mm

)

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

3

4

5

6

7

8

# si

tes

in s

tack

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

years

# si

tes

clea

ned


a.

b.

c.

d.

?*/rWd7KNWpZ$?*nFWW20*uNMYZ$N=K*)

lX

0 500 1000 15000

20

40

60

80north

num

ber

of s

ites

0 500 1000 15000

20

40

60

80east

num

ber

of s

ites

0 500 1000 15000

20

40

60

80up


num

ber

of s

ites

100 50 0 50 1000

20

40

60

80north

num

ber

of s

ites

100 50 0 50 1000

20

40

60

80east

num

ber

of s

ites

100 50 0 50 1000

20

40

60

80up


num

ber

of s

ites

?*FWNnTxK0;-6lH0 ZK 3#*2*}KIC$!YZ/0K(W#KM-Ka U K@0ZZ,m9:=5ej8M0fOZLK0+0/0O:04fTx QKZ 3|5 /! u0QK0uZM!K0/W#[9 .O MM Q! 0iK00ICW#PYQ$,u? *..Z" Q! 0/K0h0>C 0QWP

W

0 500 1000 15000

20

40

60

80north

num

ber

of s

ites

0 500 1000 15000

20

40

60

80east

num

ber

of s

ites

0 500 1000 15000

20

40

60

80up


num

ber

of s

ites

100 50 0 50 1000

20

40

60

80north

num

ber

of s

ites

100 50 0 50 1000

20

40

60

80east

num

ber

of s

ites

100 50 0 50 1000

20

40

60

80up


num

ber

of s

ites

K/FW7K#WZ7FWNN*uN3YZ"0M*102q

29" "|0RP! 0"K0)uZM>K09KPfN,W*I: 9@0+0fO @ZSUM0,

2d

105

104

103

102

20

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)


north stack

slope(unf) = 0.91 + 0.02

105

104

103

102

20

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)


north stack

slope(flt) = 0.92 + 0.02

?*sFW Z 3K7K0/UM-0,*O.0Z =**)7UM/IYZ! 0#0Mb0$!00M*@0($!02Lx0u7PM*K62;Z0kW6lnZ7O@A0! 6*N$+ 7O@620?02$ 1Y30M*OsWU#AW60UI3$r

2

105

104

103

102

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)


up stack

slope(unf) = 0.92 + 0.02

105

104

103

102

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

frequency (mHz)

pow

er (

dB)


up stack

slope(flt) = 0.78 + 0.02

?*/rWa7KNWpZ6?*/FW Z N*uN3YZ$N=K*)

Z

Are there offsets, decays, or rate changes in postfit residuals ?

Edit outliers and model cleaned NEU data.

Stack fiducial site residuals and subtract regional common mode error signal from all raw NEU data.

Model filtered NEU data.

Are there offsets, etc. in postfit residuals ?

Arethere unmodeled exponential decays ?

Update model parameters tables.

yes

no

no

yes

yes

Fiducial sitemodel parameters changed ?

yes

no

Update model parameters tables.

Rotate filtered NEUdata to coseismic offset direction and solve for decay time.

STOP

Model unfiltered and filteredNEU data using full covariance.

Estimate white and flickernoise amplitudes.

Use final outliers and modelparameters to model unfilteredand filtered positions.

Clean filtered NEU data.no

STOP

START

Model raw NEU fiducial site data with known offsets, trend, and seasonal (and other) parameters.

?*WrWOQM*#_xZ, Mm. u0_00M0_W# WM*[*WM*OMA@0.}IZ*

2a

0 2 4 60

20

40

60 north, median = 2.1

Scatter (unfiltered)

num

ber

0 2 4 60

20

40

60 east, median = 2.7

num

ber

0 5 100

20

40

60 up, median = 6.5

rms (mm)

num

ber

0 2 4 60

20

40

60 north, median = 1.1

Scatter (filtered)

num

ber

0 2 4 60

20

40

60 east, median = 1.1 nu

mbe

r

0 5 100

20

40

60 up, median = 3.5

rms (mm)

num

ber

NQ,)@.30 !"$#%>&(')*+, -@./.0 "12 .3,, [email protected],87?09+ 2 0:"85N;+

x

Annual (North)

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

sine amplitude (mm)

Annual (East)

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

sine amplitude (mm)

Annual (Up)

-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1012345678

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

sine amplitude (mm)


Jan 1

Apr 1

July 1

Oct 1

FG-HI

-122 -121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

Annual Periodic Signal (north)

2 mm

-119 00' -118 30' -118 00' -117 30'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

34 30' 34 30'

Annual Periodic Signal (north)

2 mm

N-Am$++R, B.-08+, *?+

P

-122 -121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

Annual Periodic Signal (east)

2 mm

-119 00' -118 30' -118 00' -117 30'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

34 30' 34 30'

Annual Periodic Signal (east)

2 mm

0Qn#C!VNQAm*

O

-122 -121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

Annual Periodic Signal (up)

5 mm

-119 00' -118 30' -118 00' -117 30'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

34 30' 34 30'


5 mm

NQ,m#

P

-122 -121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36


5 mm

-119 00' -118 30' -118 00' -117 30'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

34 30' 34 30'

Santa AnaBasin


5 mm

--(N|A"6}

O

Semi-annual (North)

-2

-1

0

1

2

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-2 -1 0 1 2

sine amplitude (mm)

Semi-annual (East)

-2

-1

0

1

2

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-2 -1 0 1 2

sine amplitude (mm)

Semi-annual (Up)

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

cosi

ne a

mpl

itude

(m

m)

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

sine amplitude (mm)


Jan 1, July 1

Feb 15,Aug 15

Apr 1, Oct 1

May 15,Nov 15

FG-HI

-122 -121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

Semi-annual Periodic Signal (north)

1 mm

-119 00' -118 30' -118 00' -117 30'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

34 30' 34 30'

Semi-annual Periodic Signal (north)

1 mm

-N87Am9 z:3;3-

-122 -121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

Semi-annual Periodic Signal (east)

1 mm

-119 00' -118 30' -118 00' -117 30'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

34 30' 34 30'

Semi-annual Periodic Signal (east)

1 mm

-cN87'/ a0>

-122 -121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

Semi-annual Periodic Signal (up)

2 mm

-119 00' -118 30' -118 00' -117 30'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

34 30' 34 30'

Semi-annual Periodic Signal (up)

2 mm

-

-118 00' -117 30' -117 00' -116 30' -116 00' -115 30' -115 00'

33 00' 33 00'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

34 30' 34 30'

1

1

11

2

2

2

5

5

10

25

25

roch pin1/2

2 mm

2 mm (model)

60 km

FG-HI\jWJ$bT

-121 -120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

25

10

10

25

25

50

50

100

300

golf

jplm

pin1 pin2 roch

sio3

vndp

20 mm (model)20 mm

120 km

--SO#P+'I z!M= aPE"T-MIK6E?D>D>U ) aP"A>3V-MIW/13X aN;?D ?,P d,3n2 ))|)|P#Hz>w5a5{I|g>zeIwy'KhRz>w||65>z|(VwPz>ewy'KKF%{|?w)||wM=|)|PX'PM'z{Iw6(cie%2#;%s48'~

-120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

2

2

5

5

5

5

10

10

10

25

25

50100

500

60 mm 20 mm20 mm, 60 mm (model)

120 km

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33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

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-2

-2

-2

-2

-1

-1

-1

-1

0

0

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

5

5

10

10

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+5 mm

5 mm (1-sigma)

120 km

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-120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115 -114

33 33

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36 36

20 mm/yr

120 km

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120 km

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-120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

-2 mm/yr

+2 mm/yr

2 mm/yr (1-sigma)

120 km

-119 00' -118 30' -118 00' -117 30'

33 30' 33 30'

34 00' 34 00'

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-2 mm/yr+2 mm/yr2 mm/yr (1-sigma)

30 km

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-120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

gold

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pin1/2roch

sio3

vndp

Landers

10 mm/yr, pre-EQ (wrt PVEP)10 mm/yr, post-EQ (wrt PVEP)

10 mm/yr, rate change

120 km

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-120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

Landers

gold

mojm

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sio3

vndp

10 mm/yr, rate change30 mm, coseismic displacement

120 km

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-120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

33 33

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gold

jplm

pin1/2roch

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-2 mm/yr

+2 mm/yr

2 mm/yr (1-sigma)

120 km

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33 33

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Hector Mine

10 mm/yr, pre-EQ (wrt PVEP)10 mm/yr, post-EQ (wrt PVEP)5 mm/yr, rate change

120 km

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-119 -118 -117 -116 -115

33 33

34 34

35 35

Hector Mine

5 mm/yr, rate change30 mm, coseismic displacement10 mm, coseismic displacement

avry

golf

mvfd

cjms

120 km

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33 33

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Hector Mine

-2 mm/yr

+2 mm/yr

2 mm/yr (1-sigma)

120 km

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-120 -119 -118 -117 -116 -115

33 33

34 34

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36 36

-2 mm/yr

+2 mm/yr

2 mm/yr (1-sigma)

120 km

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pin2

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90 days, time constant

20 mm, decay amplitude

20 mm, coseismic displacement

60 km

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34 34

Hector Mine

90 days, time constant20 mm, decay amplitude20 mm, coseismic displacement60 mm, coseismic displacement

120 km

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000

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Exponential Decay Amplitude vs. Time Constant

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000

5

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coseismic displacement (mm)

deca

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20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 200

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

NORTH

num

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of d

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20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 200

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

EAST

num

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of d

ata

100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 1000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600UP

num

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of d

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coordinate residual (cm)

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0 5 10 15 20

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

Nor

th (

m)

0 5 10 15 20

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

t

ime (hrs)

Nor

th (

m)

14.3

11.9

10.7

10.7

11.4

10.7

12.6

7.7

5.9

5.0

4.2

4.6

4.6

6.8

IQR (mm)

IQR (mm)

]4)!:G> o m6]4)X:G> !XF`!PWP wMLrTx

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0 5 10 15 204

-3.5

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

Up

(m)

0 5 10 15 20-4

-3.5

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

t

ime (hrs)

Up

(m)

9

6.8

8

6.1

8

1.8

7

4.3

8

1.0

8

1.7

8

1.9

5

6.1

4

3.8

3

7.0

28.5

2

9.5

3

3.1

43.9

IQR (mm)

IQR (mm)

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0 5 10 15 20

-0.02

0

0.02N

(m

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0 5 10 15 20

-0.02

0

0.02

N s

tack

(m

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IQR= 3.3 mm

0 5 10 15 20

-0.02

0

0.02

E (

m)

IQR= 6.6 mm

0 5 10 15 20

-0.02

0

0.02

E s

tack

(m

)

IQR = 3.0 mm

0 5 10 15 20

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

Up

(m)

IQR = 56.7 mm

0 5 10 15 20

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

Up

stac

k (m

)

time (hrs)

IQR = 24.6 mm

]4)XG>) L7!!2!2 @/&@ )

)

0 5 10 15 20-0.05

0

0.05N

(m

)IQR = 12.5 mm

0 5 10 15 20-0.05

0

0.05

N s

tack

(m

)

IQR = 7.8 mm

0 5 10 15 20-0.05

0

0.05

E (

m)

IQR = 12.0 mm

0 5 10 15 20-0.05

0

0.05

E s

tack

(m

)

IQR = 7.7 mm

0 5 10 15 20

-0.2

0

0.2

Up

(m)

IQR = 83.8 mm

0 5 10 15 20

-0.2

0

0.2

Up

stac

k (m

)

time (hrs)

IQR = 41.8 mm

]4)!:G> ~ m6]4)X:G>) !XF`!WP wMLrTx

)

0 5 10 15 20

-0.05

0

0.05N

(m

)IQR = 19.1 mm

0 5 15 20

-0.05

0

0.05

N s

tack

(m

) IQR = 9.4 mm

0 5 10 15 20-0.05

0

0.05

E (

m)

IQR = 17.1 mm

0 5 10 15 20-0.05

0

0.05

E s

tack

(m

)

IQR = 9.2 mm

0 5 10 15 20-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

Up

(m)

IQR = 112.6 mm

0 5 10 15 20-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

Up

stac

k (m

)

time (hrs)

IQR = 61.3 mm

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@

10-2

10-1

100

101-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

Nor

th p

ower

(dB

)

slope = -0.32

10-2

10-1

100

101-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

Eas

t pow

er (

dB)

slope = -0.35

10-2

10-1

100

101

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

Up

pow

er (

dB)

frequency (mHz)

slope = -0.23

1/day = 0.01 mHz 1/hr = 0.3 mHz 1/(15 min) = 1.1 mHz 1/min = 16.7 mHz

U &K - X 5( } U & 5 7 } U - 5 x& U X 5 = . U 3 - ) & & (} < U& - 5X" & U U & &U n }&8& x& U U & &( ~ }&( K &( & - M 5U > N x M U U N ( O

10-2

10-1

100

101

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Nor

th p

ower

(dB

)

slope = -1.05

10-2

10-1

100

101

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Eas

t pow

er (

dB)

slope = -1.08

10-2

10-1

100

101-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Up

pow

er (

dB)

frequency (mHz)

slope = -1.03

1/day = 0.01 mHz 1/hr = 0.3 mHz 1/(15 min) = 1.1 mHz 1/min = 16.7 mHz

UO } (O ! & #" MLr

10-2

10-1

100

101

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Nor

th p

ower

(dB

)

slope = -0.87

10-2

10-1

100

101

-40

-30

-

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