occupations and skills most demanded by enterprises – the case of south serbia galjina ognjanov,...
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Occupations and skills most demanded by enterprises – the case
of South Serbia
Galjina Ognjanov, Faculty of Economics – University of Belgrade
Valli Corbanese, International Labour Organisation
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Topics
Economic and social context in South SerbiaOccupational skills surveyMethodologyFindingsProblemsConclusions and implications
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Four districts in South Serbia13.2% of territory14.4 % of population (1 mil)
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Economic and social context in South Serbia
A challenging labour market situationlower employment and higher unemployment
rates than the national averagewages approximately 20 % lower than those
paid in other regionslower skills levels: higher shares of the
population with primary or less than primary educational attainment
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Economic and social context in South Serbia
Total unemployment Unemployment rate
Serbia 649,155 22.9
Jablanicki 17,064 16.8
Nisavski 38,176 26.9
Pcinjski 22,476 24.8
Pomoravski 21,745 24.2
Table 1: Unemployment in South Serbia
Source: Republic Statistical Office (RSO), Labour Force Survey, 2010
Gross salaries Net salaries Percentage
national gross salary
Serbia 47,450 34,142 100
Pomoravski 38,713 28,367 81.6
Nisavski 39,488 28,513 83.2
Jablanicki 36,089 25,969 76.1
Pcinjski 36,302 26,118 76.5
Table 2: Average gross and net salaries in South Serbia (Serbian Dinars, 2010)
Source: Republic Statistical Office (RSO), http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Occupational skills survey
Main purpose: identifying the economic sectors, occupations and skills
most demanded by enterprises
Carried out:February 2011, Republican Statistical office
Supported by:YEM (MDG Fund) and PBUILD (Gov. Sweden, Norway
and Switzerland)
Background:2009 Occupations and Skills Survey in Serbia (YEM,
MDGF)
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Occupational skills survey
Job creation and job destruction among enterprises and entrepreneurs
Trends in workforce recruitmentSkills of the workforce and training practicesCooperation with the National Employment
ServiceConclusions and policy implications
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Methodology
A total of 666 enterprises and 487 entrepreneurs (i.e. unincorporated businesses) surveyed
Sample frame of 5,267 enterprises and 8,073 unincorporated businesses generated at country level by cross-referencing the records of the business register and of the tax administration
Stratified random sampling procedure (by district, enterprise size class and economic sector)
Instrument based on ISCO 2008, allows deriving occupational skills need from international classification
Administered by phone
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Findings: Skills of the workforce and training practices
Occupations most likely to create new jobs in South Serbia (short t0 medium term) mapped according to:
occupations creating jobs in last 12 months
current vacanciesoccupations to create
jobs in the next 12 months
Sales occupations
Clerical occupations
Food preparation occupations
Machine operators and assemblers
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Vocational skills groups neededVocational skills groups needed
Higher skills occupations to be neededHigher skills occupations to be needed
Sales skills Administration, accounting and computer literacy skills
Manual skills (food preparation)
Manual skills (manufacturing)
Engineering skills
Management skills
Findings: Skills of the workforce and training practices
Skills listed according to International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2008
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Findings: Skills of the workforce and training practices
The strategies to overcome skills deficits are mainly increasing training and recruitment.
Most enterprises provided training to their workers Training is generally short and mostly organized and financed by the enterprise itself.
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Findings: Skills of the workforce and training practices
Figure 2. Models of financing trainings in enterprises in Southern Serbia by districts
Figure 1. Most frequently used training providers among job creating enterprises in last 12 months
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Findings: Skills of the workforce and training practices
Figure 3. Most frequently used training providers among job creating entrepreneurs in last 12 months
Figure 4. Models of financing trainings at entrepreneurs in Southern Serbia by districts
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Findings: Skills of the workforce and training practices
Who receives training?
Enterprises prefer to invest in workers with higher initial skills levels rather than in low-skilled workers (The general trend found in other neighbouring countries and EU confirmed).
The age group 25 to 45 years old is most likely to receive trainings.
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Problems
The major problem with regards to conducting the establishment survey (Occupational skills needs survey) is derived from a low ability of responding enterprises/entrepreneurs to communicate the skills needs (Occupations and Skills Survey 2009)
The problem was overcome by using ISCO 2008 which leads to more difficult data analysis and interpretation (especially generalization) of findings (Occupational skills survey 2011)
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Conclusions and implications
The improvement of the skills base of the workforce, should be given priority.
More and better labour market training programmes needed.
Active labour market policy package offered by the National Employment Service (NES).
Clear indications for the design and targeting of employment programmes in terms of:
1) enterprise size class (micro and small enterprises),
2) economic sectors (trade, manufacturing and, to a lesser extent, construction and professional services)
3) occupations (sales assistants; office and bookkeeping clerks; bakers, butchers and food preparers; and machine tools operators) and
4) the skills most likely to create jobs in the short and medium-term.
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Conclusions and implications
The Occupational Skills survey should be conducted on regular basis (annually).
In Serbia it is planned to be integrated within Job Vacancy Survey aligned to the relevant European Union (EU) regulations and standards (Regulation No 453/2008 of 23 April 2008;Commission Regulations No 1062/2008 of 28 October 2008 and No 19/2009 of 13 January 2009).
The data should be shared with other important stakeholders, in particular public and private educational institutions providing general education, vocational trainings, adult education, life-long learning.
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011
Thank you
for attention!
Occupational Skills Survey 2011: Key findings in South
Serbia
RCC Conference: New Skills for New Jobs in the Western Balkans, Sarajevo, 27-28 October, 2011