ocean information. depth zones epipelagic zone “sunlight zone” 1 st 200 meters almost all...
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OCEAN INFORMATION
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DEPTH ZONES
Epipelagic zone “sunlight zone”1st 200 metersalmost all visible light occurs here
Mesopelagic zone “twilight zone”200-1000 metersbioluminescent organismstremendous biological diversity
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Bathopelagic zone “midnight zone”1000-4000 metersno light, except made by creatures
Abissopelagic zone4000-6000 metersvery little life, mostly invertebrates
Hadalpelagic zone6000+ meterstube worms
http://www.seasky.org/deep-sea/ocean-layers.html
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Coral Reefs
How a reef develops1. Polyps release egg & sperm which makes larvae2. Larvae settle on hard surfaces & develop into coral polyps3. Polyps have zooxanthellae algae living in them that provides energy4. Coral polyp secretes calcium carbonate, which builds the reef
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Coral ReefsCoral polyps are colonial animals
(many of them grow together) that are attached by a thin membrane
There are many types of corals and most grow very slowly (2.5 cm/yr)
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Types of Corals
Hard or stony corals:made with calcium carbonate the polyp secretes
can form massive stony structures examples: brain, staghorn, star, finger corals
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Hard Coral
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Brain Coral
Staghorn Coral
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Star Coral
Finger Coral
Staghorn Coral
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Types of Corals
Soft corals:flexible due to fibrous protein
sway back and forth with water movement
examples: sea fan, sea whip, sea plume
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Sea Fan
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Sea Whip
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Sea Plume
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Locations & Conditions
Locations: tropical regions of world between 30 degrees north & south of equator
Conditions: warm & clear water, shallow water, plenty of sunlight
Coral bleaching: algae are expelled & coral polyps die
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Types of Reefs
Fringing – runs parallel to the shore a few kilometers offshore; found around Florida Keys & Caribbean
Barrier – grows farther offshore; Great Barrier Reef in Australia & Bahamas Barrier Reef
Atoll –circle of reef with a lagoon in the center; once had a volcanic island in the center
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Fringing Reef
Barrier Reef
Atoll Reef
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Variety on a Reef
Many types of corals live together, each with its own shape
Fish and other creatures live on or near the reef – crevices offer shelter & homes
Cleaner stations for fish to have parasites removed
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Avoiding Detection by Predators
Hide in reef or sandy bottomCamouflage – coloration or blending
in with similar shapeSwimming in large groups, or schoolsColoration – bright colors to identify
members of own species; used to confuse predators
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How Coral Reef is Harmed
Parrotfish eat the coral to get its algaeCrown-of-thorns sea star eats polypsChanges in land habitat – siltCoastal development & dredgingFertilizer & pollution like oil slicks,
pesticides, garbageOverfishing & overcollectingBoat anchors