Open Defecation and Stunting in Madhya Pradesh

Source: NFHS-3, 2005–06

60

57

56

48

45

43

42

41

40

38

37

30

Madhya Pradesh

Jharkhand

Bihar

Meghalaya

Gujarat

INDIA

Uttar Pradesh

Orrissa

Rajasthan

Uttranchal

Maharashtra

Tamil Nadu

Nutrition Status of Children U5- Madhya Pradesh

60% Children (<5 Yrs) of MP are

underweight

71.4

37.6 41

16.7

56.4

33.9

82.5

60

27.3

35

12.6

50

26.3

74

U5UNDERWEIGHT

U5 SEVERELYUNDERWEIGHT

U5 WASTED U5 SEVERELYWASTED

U5 STUNTING U5 SEVERELYSTUNTING

6-59MANAEMIC

SCHEDULED TRIBES MADHYA PRADESH

Nutrition Status of Children U5- Madhya Pradesh

For every 100 children born in Madhya Pradesh:

• 6 do not survive till their 1st birthday.

• 8 do not survive till their 5th birthday.

• 45 do not receive full immunisation

• 60 children are

underweight by age 3

Source: NFHS-3

Also in MP, evidence suggests that Undernutrition sets in the first 2 years of life

Faulty Complementary feeding practices during the critical period of 6m -24 months put children at

increased risk

47.6

53

61.8 61.2

64.9

60.7

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

<6m 6-11 12-23 24-35 36-47 48-59

Madhya Pradesh: Undernutrition Statistics (Children U5)

Undernutrition Indicator Prevalence (%)

NFHS, 2006 NIN, 2011

Underweight (Weight for Age) 60 51.9

Wasting (Weight for Height) 35 25.8

Severe Wasting (Weight for Height <-3SD)

12.6 8.3

Stunting (Height for Age) 50 48.9

India

Source: NFHS, 2006

Madhya Pradesh: One underfive in two stunted

50% Stunted

Malnutrition- Multiple Causes

Sanitation in Madhya Pradesh: CONTEXT

Proportion of households practicing Open Defecation in the sub-districts of Madhya Pradesh

Source: Census 2011

More than 75 per cent of population are open defecators, In 240 out of 313 sub-districts.

Source: Census (2011)

50 million Open Defecators in MP

19.0

5.81.6 1.3 0 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.2

70

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Flu

sh/po

ur flu

sh la

trine

con

ne

cted

to se

ptic ta

nk

Flu

sh/po

ur flu

sh la

trine

con

ne

cted

to p

iped

sew

er

system

Pit la

trine

with

slab/ve

ntila

tedim

pro

ved

pit

Flu

sh/po

ur flu

sh la

trine

con

ne

cted

to o

the

r system

0 Se

rvice la

trine - n

igh

t soil

service

d b

y an

ima

l

Nig

ht so

il disp

osed

into

op

en

dra

in

Pit la

trine

with

out sla

b/o

pe

np

it

Pu

blic latrine

Op

en

defe

catio

n

0

Improved sanitation 27.7%

Unimproved sanitation72.3%

Per c

ent

Source: Census (2011)

Equity lens on sanitation in Madhya Pradesh

Improved sanitation facilities and open defecation by wealth quintile in Madhya Pradesh

Source: NFHS 2006

1 616

42

81

96 85 6726

2

39

18

31

17

0

20

40

60

80

100

Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest

Improved sources Open defecation Other unimproved sources

%

Proportion of households using improved sanitation facility by population groups in the districts of Madhya Pradesh

Source: Census 2011

Madhya Pradesh

Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe are 2 to 4.5 less likely to have access to improved sanitation.

Source: Census (2011)

Equity lens on sanitation in Madhya Pradesh

Disparities in improved sanitation in MP

Rural

12.2%

SC

52.6%

ST

46.6%

SC

7.7%

ST

4.3%

India

44.0%

Madhya Pradesh

27.7%

Urban

72.8%

Source: Census (2011)

MP accounts for 8% of India’s open defecators

Share of open defecation in the states of India (2011)

Source: Census 2011

Uttar Pradesh

17%

Bihar12%

Madhya Pradesh

8%

Andhra Pradesh

8%Tamil Nadu

7%

Rajasthan7%

Maharashtra7%

West Bengal6%

Orissa6%

Karnataka5%

Gujarat4%

Jharkhand4%

Chhattisgarh3%

Other states6%

UP Bihar

MP

-2.5

-2-1

.5-1

ave

rag

e h

eig

ht-

for-

age

of ch

ildre

n

0 .2 .4 .6 .8

fraction of households practicing open defecation

Kerala

MP falls exactly on India’s OD-stunting line

District-wise links between OD and Stunting in MP

Sources: NSS (2005-06), DLHS (2007-08), Census (2011), NIN (2011)

-4-2

02

ave

rag

e h

eig

ht-

for-

age

of child

ren

und

er

5

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1fraction of hoseholds who defecate in the open

urban rural

Urban vs. Rural

Source: NFHS-3

“The first two years are forever”… also in MP

Sources: NSS (2005-06), DLHS (2007-08), Census (2011), NIN (2011)

-2.2

-2-1

.8-1

.6-1

.4

ave

rag

e c

hild

heig

ht-

for-

ag

e

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1fraction of child's local area practicing open defecation

household does not od household does od

OD households vs. non-OD households

Source: NFHS-3

At current rate, MP is likely to miss its MDG target by far

MP’s district-wise “missing toilets”

Source: TSC (2011), Census (2011)

20

03

20

03

20

03

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

07

20

07

20

07

20

07

20

08

20

10

20

10

20

11

20

11

20

13

20

13

20

13

20

16

20

23

20

24

20

27

20

28

20

28

20

32

20

33

20

46

20

46

20

67

20

74

20

77

21

05

21

60

1990

2040

2090

2140

2190

States already achieved MDG target

Stat

e ex

pac

tati

on

s o

f ac

hie

vin

g M

DG

tar

gets

aft

er 2

01

5

Before 2015

in 10 years

in 25 years

in 62 years

After 90 years

3 states

5 states

5 states

2 states

3 states 17 states

At current trends Madhya Pradesh would only reach its MDG by 2105

Source: Census (2011)

… final message

THANK YOU