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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITl):, DrB:ECTOB:

~ BtrLLETIN 582

MINERAL DEPOSITS .-OF THE

SANTA RITA AND PATAGONIA MOUNTAINS

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ARIZONA· ,.

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FRANK O. SOHRADER

II,! 'WX',liH CONTRXBUTIONS BY

. . lAMES M; HILL r

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WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIOE

1915

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR

BULLETIN 582

MINERAL DEPOSITS OF THE

SANTA RITA AND PATAGONIA MOUNTAINS

ARIZONA

BY

FRANK C. SCHRADER

WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY

JAMES M. HILL

WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1915

CONTENTS.

Page. Introduction_______________________________ _______ ____ _______________ 15 Geographic relations _________________________ __ __ ______ __ _ __ ___ __ _____ 16

Location and means of approach_________________ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 16 Settlements and means of communication ________ _______________ - --- 17

Climate and vegetation_________________________ ___ ____ __ _ ___ _ ____ ____ 18 History of mining and present conditions_____ __ ___________ ___ _________ 20 Production_________________________________________ ___ __ ____ __ ______ 27 Bibliography _____________________________________________ __ _________ 31 Physiography _________ ~_____________________________ ___ _ _________ ____ 35

General features_ _____________________ ______________ ____ __ _______ 35

])raina~e--------- --------------------------- - ---------__________ 36 Relief________________________________________ _______ _______ _____ 37

~ountains______________________________________________ _____ 37 Santa Rita and Patagonia ranges___ __________ __ __ ________ 37 Empire ~ountains _________________ _______ _______________ 38 San Cayetano ~ountains ___________________ ___ _,---------- 39 Canelo Hills________ ___ _____ _____ __ ______ _____ ____ ______ _ 39

Valleys ___________________ __ ~____ _ __________ _ ________ __ __ ____ 39

Santa Cruz Valley__ __ __ ____ ___ ____ _________________ ____ _ 39 Cienega Valley ________ __ __ _________ -;- _____ __________ __ ____ 43 Babocomari Valley_____________ ____ _______ ____________ ___ 43

Geology _________________________ ___ ---- --_ --- -- __ - ____ _ ___ ___ __ _____ 44 Principal rock groups____ __ ____ __ __ __ ________ __ ______ _____ __ _____ 44 Sedimentary rocks __________ -------- ---------- - __ __ _ ______ ___ ____ 44

Paleozoic rocks_________________________ ___ __________________ 44 Cambrian (?) rocks ___________________________ _ =- _____ __ __ 44

Character, structure, and distribution________ ___ ______ 44 Age and correlation__________________________________ 47

])evonian and Carboniferous rocks_____________ ___________ 47 Character, structure, and distribution____ ____ __ _______ 47 Age__________________________________ __ ___ _____ _____ 48

~esozoic rocks _________________________________ ::. ____ ________ 51 Character, structure, and distribution________ __ ___ _________ 51 Age and correlation______________________ _____ __ ___ ______ 53

Cenozoic rocks___________________________________ _________ ___ 54 Tertiary rocks____________________ ___ ________________ ____ 54

Character and occurrence__________ __ ________ ___ __ ___ 54 Age and cOl'l'elation_________________ __________ ______ _ 55

Quaternary deposits ----___ __________ _______ _____________ [)6 ])etrital deposits __________ - - --______ __ _ ____ __ ________ __ __ 56 Alluvium _________________________ ___ ______ ______ ____ ___ - 57

3

4 CONTENTS.

Geology-Oontinued. Igneous rocks ________ ~ _____________ ___________ _

Mesozoic intrusive rocks ______________________ __________ ____ _ _ Granite ___________________ ___ ___ ______ __________ __ ~ __ __ _ _

Older quartz monzonite __ __ ___ _______ ____ __ ____ ___ __ ____ _ Quartz diorite _____________ ___ ______ __________ ___ ________ _ Younger quartz monzonite ___ _____ ____ __ _______ __ __ ____ __ _ Granite porphyry ____________ ____ _____ __ _____ __ ___ ___ ___ _ Aplite and aplitic rocks ____ ____ ____________ _____________ _ Lamprophyric dike rocks ___ __ ___ __ __ __ ____ ___ ________ ___ _ Syenitic rocks ___ ________ - - - --- ------ __ ___ ___ __________ _ _ Gabbro _________________________________ ____ _____ __ ____ _ lDiabase _____________ __ _______ _____ ____ ____ ___ ___ __ _____ _

Tertiary igneous rocks ________ ______ ______ ___ ___ ____ _______ __ _ General featlll'es ________________________ __ __ ____ _____ ___ _ Rhyolite (Miocene?) ________________ ____ ______ _____ __ __ _ _ Quartz latite porphyry _____ ___ ____ . _____ _____ ___ _________ _ Older andesi te _________________________ _________________ _ Tuffs and agglomerates ________________ _________ __ ____ __ _ _ Younger andesi te ____________ ________________ ______ _____ _ _ Basalt _________ ~ ______________ ______________ ___ ___ __ __ _ _

lJndifferentiated igneous rocks _______________ ____________ _ Quaternary basalt ________________________ ____ ___ __ __ __ __ ____ _

Summary of geologic history ___________ _____ _____ __ ______________ _ Mineral deposi ts ___________________________ ___ ____ ________ _______ ____ _

General character and age _________________________ ______________ _ Mesozoic (early Cretaceous?) deposits ____ _________ ______ __ ______ _

General character ________________________ _______ __ ____ ______ _ Fissure veins _________ ~ _________________ ____ __ ____ _____ ______ _

Oontact-metamorphic deposits __ _______ ____ ___ __ _____ ___ _____ _ Replacement deposits ____________ _____ ~ ___ _______ - - - - - ---- - ---

Tertiary (Miocene?) deposits __________________ ____ ___ ______ ____ _ _ Placers _____________________________ ____ __ ______ _______ ____ __ --__

Mineralogy -------------------------------- - -- - -- - - --------------Mining districts, camps, and properties _____ __ ___ ___ _ , _____ ___ __ _____ _ _

Helvetia districL ______________ __ __________ - ---- - - -- - -- --________ _ General features _________________ __ ____ ___ ____ _____________ _ _ Helvetia camp _____________ __ ______ - - _ - - ________ ---- _ - - - ___ _ --

General features __ ____________ ___ _______ ___________ ___ __ _ Ore deposi ts ________________ - - -- - - - - - - __ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - -- --Copper World mine ___________ _____ _____________ ____ ____ _

Location and topography ____________ __ ______ ___ _____ _ History and production _______________ __ _______ __ ____ _ lDevelopment and equipmenL ___ , ____ __ _________ ___ ___ _ Geology _________________________________ _____ ______ _ Ore ____________________________________________ ____ _

Origin of the ore and future prospects __ _____ _________ _ Black Horse mine ______ __ ____ __ ____ ____ _____ __ __ _________ _ Leader mine __________ _____ ___ ____ ___ _______ ___ __ _______ _

Isle Royal mine _______ - -- -- - - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - ___ __ - -- -Heavy Weight mine _______ ___ ____________________ _____ __ _ Old lDick mine ___ ______ _________ ______ __ __ ______ ___ _____ _ Moha wk mine _____ __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ _______ ____ _____ _ Omega mine _____ ____ _____ _____ __ . _______ ____ _______ ___ __ __ _

Page. 57 57 57 60 62 64 64 66 68 68 69 70 70 70 70 72 72 73 75 76 76 76 77 78 78 78 78 79 80 84 85 86 87 91 91 91 92 92 98 99 99

100 100 101 102 104 105 106 108 110 113 115 115

CONTENTS. 5

Mining districts, camps, and properties- Continued. Page,

Helvetia district-Continued, Helvetia camp-Continued.

Other prospects___________________ __ ____________________ _ 117 Indian Club _______________________________________ __ 117 Pilot claim _____________________________________ ____ _ 117 Eclipse group______________________ __ ____________ ____ 118 Curtis claim______________________ ____ _______ __ __ __ __ 118 Silver Spur (Old Frijole) mine______ __ ___________ ____ 119 Exile and King claims____________ ___ ________ ______ ___ 119

Tiptop camp _________________________ ____ ____________________ 120 Location and topography_ ________________________ _______ _ 120 Tiptop mine _____________________ ___ ________________ ~_ ____ 120

Copper l)uke mine_______ ____________________ _____ __ __ ___ 123 Bulldozer mine_________________________ __ ___________ _____ 124 Other prospects__________________________________________ 125

~oonday prospect______ ________________ ______________ 125 Peach prospect______________________ _________________ 125 Henrietta prospecL~_________________________________ 125

Ridleymine _________________________ ~__________ ______________ 126 Rosemont camp ______________________________ ________________ 128

General features______________ _______________________ ____ 128 ~arragansett claim___________________________________ ____ 128

Chicago prospect ____ ~------------------------------- -- --- 129 Pickwick prospect ______________________________ ~ __ _ ______ 129 Coconino claim __________________ ______ ___ ___________ __ __ 130 Sweet Byeand Bye claim _________________ , __ .:.___ _____ __ ___ 130 Old Pap claim____________________________ _____________ __ 131 Old Put claiill____________________________________________ 131 Golden Gate group__________________ ___ __________________ 132

Blue Jay mine___________________ __________ ____________ ______ 132 Beuhman Hill and vicinity __________________ ___ __ ________ ____ 134

Cuprite mine ____________________________ __ ,______________ 134

Copper Aleck and adjacent prospects______________________ 136 ~ew York mine____________________________ _____________ 137 Pauline mine________________________________ __ __________ 138

Helena mine ________________________________ ________________ 138

Empire districL_________________________________________________ 141 General features _________ . _______ :... _____________ .______________ 141 Total VVreck mine___________________________________________ 142

Location_________________________________________________ 142 History and production___________________________________ 142 l)evelopments and equipmenL ______ __ _________ .,__________ 143 Geology ______________________ ____ ________ .. __________ __ __ 144 l)eposits __________________ ______ __________ _ _____________ 145

Copper Camp______________________________________ _____ __ __ _ 147 General features_______ __ ________________ ________________ 147 Veins and ores __________________________________________ _ · 148 Verde Queen mine _________________________ .______________ 148 Hilton group____________________________________________ 149

Jerome ~o. 2 mine__________________________________ _ 149 Forty-nine claim_____________________________________ 149

Red Cloud mine_____________ ________________ ____ _____ ___ _ 150 Hilton ranch vein __________ ______________ .. ____ __ ______ __ - 150 Copper Point prnRpp~t__ _ _ ______ ____ _____ ____ __ ____ ___ ___ 150

6 CONTENTS.

Mining districts, camps, and properties-Continued. Page. Empire district-Continued.

Davidson Canyon and vicinity________________________________ 150 California mine____________________ _____ ________ __ ______ _ 150 Montana mine ____ ________ ____ ______________ ___ ____ __ __ ._ _ 151 Lavery mine__________ ____ _______ ___ _________ __ __ _____ ___ 152

Grea terville districL__ ___ _______ _ ____ ________ ____ ____ __ ____ __ ____ 152 General features___________ __________ _____ ___________ ________ 152 Lode deposits ________ ___ ~----- -- -- ------ -- --- .. ________ ______ 153

Anderson prospect ___ ___ __ ___ _______ __ ___ __ _____ ___ ___ ___ 154 Enzenberg mine________________ ____________ ____ ______ ____ 154 Friez prospect _____________ _________ _______ ________ __ ____ 154 Hancock mine ___________________ __ _____ _______ _______ ___ 154 Hughes mine ___________ __________________________ _____ __ 155 Quebec mine _______________________ ________ ._______ ______ _ 155 ]Royal ~1ountain mine___ ____ _____ ________________ __ ______ 155 St~ Louis mine ____________________ __ _____________ __ ____ _ ._ 155 Summit mine ________________ ___ __ __ ________ _______ ___ _ .__ 156 Yuba mine __________ _____________ _____ ____________ ______ 156 VVisconsin mine__________________________________________ 157 Other prospects______________________________________ ____ 157

Placer deposits _______________________________ _ .______________ 158 Location _______________ ___ __ _____________ .. __ _______ _____ 158 History and production_____ _______________ _____ __ ______ __ 158 Topography____________________________ __ __ _____________ 161 Character and distribution of graveL_____________ __ ______ 161 Gold_______________________________ __________ ___ __ __ ____ 162 Productive gulches___________________ ___ _ ________ ____ ____ 162

Boston Gulch ______________ ___ ___ ______ .________ ____ __ 162 Harshaw Gulch ______________ ______________________ .__ 162 Kentucky Gulch _____________________________________ 162 Sucker Gulch____________ ___________ _ ____________ __ __ 163 Graham Gulch____ ___ ______ __ _____ ____ ______ ____ _ __ __ 163 Louisiana Gulch _____ ________________________________ 163 Hughes Gulch .____________ __________ __ _______ __ __ ___ _ 163 Nigger and St. Louis gulches______ _______________ __ __ 163 Ophir Gulch _____________________ _ ._ __ _______ __ _____ __ 163 Los Pozos Gulch__ ___ __ _______ _____ ___ ______ __ _______ 163 ColoradO Gulch_____ __ ______ _ __ __ ___ __ ___ __ __ ________ 164 Chi spa Gulch_______ __ _________ __ __ _ _ ___ _ ___ ___ ______ 164 Empire Gulch __ ______________ __________ _____________ 164

Source of the placer gold___ __ ___________ ______ _________ __ 164 Future of the camp______ ____ ____ ____ ______ _____ ___ ___ ____ 165

Old Baldy districL_______ __ __ __________ __ ___ _____ ___ ___ _____ ____ 166 General features____________ _______ ____ _____________ ____ __ ___ 166 Lode deposits____________ _____ _______ ________________________ 167

Stone Cabin Canyon__________ __ __ ___ _________ ________ ____ 168 Florida mine ________ ____ __ ___ _____ _________ _______ __ 168 Helen Gould prospect__ _______ _______ ___________ ______ 170 Sawmill prospecL_______________ _____ _______ __ _____ __ 170 Star Pointer mine____ ___ __ ____ __ ___ ________ __ ____ ___ 170

Jackson Canyon ____________ ___ :-___ __ ___ ____ __ _____ __ ____ 171 Jackson mine__________ ____ __ ______ _________ ____ _____ 171 Iron Mask prospect__ ______________________ ________ __ 172 Upper and Great VVestern groups_____________________ 173

CONTENTS. 7

Mining districts, camps, and properties-Continued. Page. Old Baldy district-Continued.

Lode deposits-Continued. Madera Canyon ___________________ ___ ~_________ __________ 173

Molybdenite prospects__ __ ______ __ ___ _________________ 173 Tucson prospecL_______ ___ ____ ____________ ________ ___ 175 Lucky Ledge mine_________________ __ ___ __ ________ ___ 175 Old Baldy prospecL____ _____ __ ____ __ ___ _____ _________ 176 Copper Queen mine_______ __ ___ ___ _______ ___ _____ __ ____ 177 Iron Cliff prospect ____ _______ _____ _____ ___ ___ ___ ____ _ 177 Velvet mine ____ _____ ____________ ___ ____ __ _____ __ ___ _ 177 Spear prospecL_ __ ____ ______ _ __ ____ ____ _____ ___ __ ____ _ 178 Carrie Nation mine _____ ___ ________ __ __ __ __ ~ _ _ ___ ___ _ 178 Lead prospect ___ ____ ___ ___ ____________ ______ __ _____ _ 179

Mount Hopkins _________ ___ __ _____ _______________________ _ 180 Placer deposits_____________ _ ____ __ ______ __ _ __ __ __ ___ __ ___ __ ___ 180

Tyndall districL_______________ __ __ ___ ___ __ _______ _ _ _ _ ____ _ ____ __ 180 General features_________________ ________ ___ __ ______ _____ ____ 180 Lode deposits________________ ___________ ___ ________ __ __ ______ 181

Elephant Head group___________________ __ ________________ 182 Agua Caliente Canyon____ ___ _____ ____ __ ______ ____________ 183

Treasure Vault mine_____________ ______ __ ______ __ ____ 183 Blacksmith prospect____ __________ ___ ___ ________ __ ____ 184 Hermit's Horne __ ___ __ ______ _____ __ __ ____ __ _____ _____ 184 Jenkins prospecL ______________ _________________ - ____ 184 Santa Rita mines_______________________ __ ___ ________ 184 Devil's Cash Box______ __ ____________ ___ ___ ___ ____ ____ 185

Montosa Canyon_____________________ _________ __ _________ 185 Montosa nline _________ ________

7___ __ _ _ _ ____ _____ _ _ _ _ _ 186

Other prospects____________________ ___ ___ ______ ______ 187 Cottonvvood Canyon ____________ __ ___ _______ ____ - - - ---- - - - 187 Josephine Canyon_________________ ___ ___ ___________ ___ __ _ 188

~iary and Polatski prospects________ __ ___ __ __ __ _______ 188 Rhode Island mine____________ _________ ____ __________ 188 Connecticut mine ______ ;-___ ____________ ~____ ___ _______ 189 Prospects near Connecticut mine______ __________ ______ 190 Camp Bird prospect___________ __ __ __ _________________ 190 Tia Juana mine______________ ________________ __ ______ 191

Salero area__________________________ ___ _____ ____ ___ _____ 193 General features________ ____________ ___ __ __ _____ _____ 193 Salero mine________________________ __ ___________ ___ __ 194 Alto mine_____________________ ___ ___ ___ ______ _______ 197

Location and topography ____ __________ ______ _____ 197 History and production______ _______ _________ __ ____ 198 Development ______________ __ __ __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ 198 Geology ________________________ ______ ____ ___ ___ _ 198 Veins and ores______________________ ______ ____ __ 200

Wandering Jevv mine_________ ____ ___ __ ______ __ ______ 203 Joplin nline ____________ __________ ___ __ ______ ~---- --- 205 Apache mine _________________ __ _____ __ ____ __ ________ 205 Three Star prospect __ ~_ ______ ______ __ _____ _ ________ __ 206 Toluachi group_________ ___ ____ __ __ __ __ __ ______ ______ 206 Arizona-Pittsburg mine__ __ ___________________________ 207 Royal Blue mine_____________________________________ 208

8 CONTENTS.

Mining districts, camps, and properties-Continued. Tyndall district-Continued.

Lode deposits-Continued. Salero area-Continued.

Trenton mine ____________ ___ ___ ______ __ _ Jefferson tunnel ____ __ _________________ __ ~ __ ____ _____ _

Bland mine ____ -- --------- ---------------------------Eureka mine ______ ______________ _________ _______ __ _ _ ~fontezuma mine ____ _________________________ ______ _ _ Vulcan mine _______ ____ _________ _________________ ___ _

Squaw Gulch area ___________ __ ___ __ _______ ____ ____ __ ___ _ Burro mine ____________ ___________________ ________ __ _ Viceroy mine __________ ___ __ ___ _______ ______ _____ ___ _ _ Victor mine ________________ __ __ ___ ___________ ______ _ _ Itosario group __________ ______ _____ _________ __ _______ _ Ivanhoe mine _________________________ ____ ___ __ ____ _ _

Ellen Della and Vansuella prospects ___ ___ ____________ _ Bradford mine ___________________________________ _______ _

Placer deposits ______________________________________________ _ VVrightson district ____________ __________________________________ _

General features ___ ____ ____ ______ ___ _____ _____________ _ ~ ____ _

Ore deposits ________________ ~- -- ------------------------- -__ _ Gringo mine ____________ __ ____ ________ _______________ _____ __ _ Star mine ________________ ________ __________________________ _ Mansfield mines _____________________ ___ __________ ________ ___ _

Location and general features _______________________ ____ _ Sweet mine _______________________ ____ ____ ___ __ __ __ _____ _ Black Cap mine _____ ~ __ _____________ _____________ __ __ ___ _

American Boy mine __________ ____________________ __ __ __ ___ __ _ Augusta mine ______ ________________ __ __ __________________ ___ _ Happy Jack mine _______________________________ ____ ____ ___ _ _ Anaconda group ________________________ ____ __ _______________ _

Location and general features ______________ ____ _ ~- - ------Ultimo prospect ___________________ __ ______ __ ____________ _ Double Header prospect ____ __ ________ __________ ____ ~ ____ _ Philadelphia prospecL ______ ____________ ____ __ __ ________ _ _ St. Louis prospect __________________ ___________ ___ _______ _ Little Joker prospect ________ _____ ___ __ ____________ ____ __ _ Copper Mountain prospect ___ _____ ____ ___ ____ _______ __ ___ _ Silver Cave prospect ______________ __ __ __________ __ ______ _

VValker mine __________________ __ _____ _______ ________ ________ _ 'Vild Cat group ________ __ __________ ___ ____ ______ ___ _________ _ Castle Butte mine __________________ ___ ____________ _____ __ ___ _ Sonoita prospect _______ ___ __ ________ __ _____ _________________ _

Itedrock district _____________ ______________ ______________ ___ __ ___ _ General features __________________ __ ___ _____________________ _ History and production _____________________________________ _ La Plata mine ______________________________ ________________ _ }Jew York (Jensen) mine ______ _________ _____________________ _ Meadow Valley mine ________ _____ ____________ _______________ _ Hale prospect }Jo. 2 ____________ . ____ __________ _______________ _ Homestake prospect _________________________________________ _ Sulphide prospect ____ __ __ ___ ________________________________ _

Page.

208 209 209 211 212 214 214 214 214 214 215 216 218 219 220 220 220 221 222 226 226 226 227 228 229 230 231 233 233 234 234 235 236 236 236 236 237 237 237 239 239 239 241 241 242 243 244 244 244

CONTENTS. 9

Mining districts, camps, and properties---Continued. Page. Redrock district--Continued.

IIale prospect_______________________ ______ ________ __ _________ 244 IIale prospect ~o. 3_______ _____ __ __ ___ ____________ ____ __ __ ___ 244 Powers (Copper Mountain) prospecL__ _______ ___ __ ____ _______ _ 245 Conclusion___________________ ______ __ _________ ____ ___________ 245

IIarshaw district________________ __ __ __ ______ ____________ ___ ______ 245 Location and general features___ ___ ____ ___ __ __________________ 245 Lode deposits _______________ _______ _______ ____ __ _____ ________ 247

Discovery and mode of occurrence______________ ______ _____ 247 World's Fair mine____________________________ ___________ 248 Chief group________ ___ _________ _________________ ___ __ ___ _ 251 IIumboldt mine ________ __ __ ____ __ ________ ______ ____ ____ __ 251 Red Bird mine_________________ _______ _______ ___________ 252

January mine ________ .----- - - -----.----- ----------------- 253 Trench mine___________ ____ ____ _____ _______ _________ ____ _ 253 Josephine mine________ _____ ____ ____ __ _____ ________ ___ ___ _ 254 Sunnyside mine__________ ____________________ ___ __ ___ __ __ 254 Standard and Thunder prospects_________ __ ____ __ ____ _____ 256 Invincible prospecL _____ ._____ _______ _____________ ___ _____ 257 Blue Eagle mine_________ __ ___ __ _____ __________ ________ __ 257 IIampson prospect ______ __ ____ __ __________ ___________ __ __ 258 Flux mine_________ __ ________________________ __ ______ ____ 258

Location ___________ ____ ___________ __ ______ ._ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ 258 IIistory and production_________________ __ ____ ____ ____ 259 Development and equipmenL___________ __ ____ ___ __ ___ 259 Topography and geology______ ____ _____ ____ ___ __ ______ 260 Ore deposits_________________ ___ ______ ___ _________ ___ 261

Aztec group ______ ~_____ ___ _______ ____ ____ _ __ ___ _ __ _______ 263 Elevation group ___ ___ .______ ____________ ___ __ ________ _____ 264 Christmas Gift mine ___ ___ ________ _______ _____ __ _________ 265 IIardshell mine __________________________ ____ ____ __ ___ __ _ 265

Location, history,_ and production_____ ___ __ _____ _______ 265 Development and equipment ______________ __ _______ __ ~ 266 Topography and geology ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ______ ____ ~__ 268 Ore deposits______________ __ ___ ________ _____________ _ 268

Alta mine ____________________ __ ____ _______ ______________ 271 IIermosa mine__________ _______ _____ ______________ ___ ____ 272 Salvadore mine___________ ________ _____ ___ _____ __ _____ __ _ 275 Wieland group____________ _____ __ ____ __________ __________ 275

Great Silver mine___ _______ _______ ___ ________________ 275 Basin ~o. 1 prospecL______ __ ____ _____ _______ _____ ___ 276 Dewey prospect________ __ __ ______ ____ ____ ____ _______ _ 276

Buffalo group________ __ ____ ____ ___ ________ ____ _____ __ ____ 276 American mine _____ ___ __ ____ __ _______ ___ ________ _______ _ 277 Blue ~ose mine____ __ ____ __ ____ __ _____ ______ ___ __ ____ ____ 278

Placer deposits ______ __ ___ ______ _________ _____ __ ___ ___ ____ ___ 279 Palmetto districL_________________ ____ ____ __ ___ ____ _____ ________ _ 279

General features__________ ____ __ ___ _______ __________________ _ 279 Ore deposits________ ____ ___ __ ________ __________ ___ ____ __ _____ 281 Mines and prospects _______ ______ _______ ___ ____ __________ ____ 282

Three R mine________ __ _________ _______ ___ __________ ____ _ 282 Location _____ _____ __ ____ _ ___ ___ __ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ________ 282

10 CONTENTS.

Mining districts, camps, and properties-Continued. Page. Plllmetto district-Continued.

Mines and prospects-Continued. Three R mine-Continued.

History and production ___________ ___ ____ _________ ___ 282 Development and eqllipmenL___ ______________ __ __ ___ _ 283 Topography and geology ____ _____ _________ ____ ________ 283 Ore deposits ______________________ ___________ __ __ ____ 284

VVest Side mine__________ __ __ ____ _________ _____ __________ 287 Domino mine ______________________ __ ___ _____ __ __ ___ _____ 287 Jarilla mine ______________________ ___ ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ 288 Palmetto mine________ _____ ___ ________________ ____ _______ 290 Sonoita mine _____ ~_ ___ ________ ________ __ ___ _______ ______ 290 ~ative Silver prospect__ __ ____ ________ ______ ______ __ _____ _ 291 Big Stick prospect__________ _______________ _____ _____ __ __ 291 Ledge prospect____________ _______ __ __________________ ____ 291 Cox Gulch prospects______ __________ ______________________ 291

Patagonia districL_______________ ____________________ _____ ____ ___ 292 General features________ __________________________ __ ________ _ 292

Location and settlements_________________________ __ ______ 292 Topography _________________ _______ __ ____________ _______ 293 Geology ___ ______________________________________________ 294

Lode deposits________________________ __ ___ ___ _____ __ _________ 295 Discovery and mode of occurrence_____________________ ____ 295 Mines and prospects___________ ________ ____ _______________ 295 Movvry mine____________ __ ____ __ _____ __________ ____ ___ ___ 296

Location ________ ~_____ _ ______ __ _____________ ________ 296 History and production____ ____ ___ ____ _______ __ _______ 296 Developments and equipment __ _____ ________ __________ 297 Topography and geology _____ ___ __ _____ __ _____ _______ 299 Ore deposits__________________ _______________ ____ ____ 302 Source of the ores___________________ ____ ___________ __ 305 Future of the mine__________ ________ ______ __ ____ ____ _ 305

~orth ~Iovvry mine__________________________ __ _________ __ 305 Morning Glory mine____ _______ ____________ ______ _____ ____ 306 Endless Chain mine ___________ ________ ____ ___________ ___ 307 Augusta mine _____________ __ _______ ___ ____ __ __ ____ ______ 308 O'Mara mine________ __ _________ ____ ____________ ____ __ ___ 308 ~Iay prospect ______________ ~__ ______________ _ _ _ _____ __ _ _ _ 309 ~ational mine_________________ _____ __ _______ ____________ 310 Isabella mine ______________ ._ ______ ________________ ____ __ 311 Chance prospect ______ ________ __ ____ ___ _____ ________ ____ _ 311 Shamrock prospect _______________ __ __________ ____ _____ __ 311 Jabalina prospect ______ ____________ __ _ .. ___ __ __ _________ __ 312 Big Lead mine______ ____ ________ __________ ________ ______ 312 Specula rite prospect ____ ___ ____ ________ ___ ____ _______ ___ _ 312 Golden Rose mine ____________ __________ ____ __ __ ___ __ ____ 312 Bennett mine_______________ _____ ____ _____ ___ ___ ____ __ ___ 313 Gross Copper prospect___________ __ ____ _____ ____ __ __ ____ _ 313 Buena Vista mine ________ ___________ ____ ____ ___ __ __ _____ 314 King prospect ________________ ____ ___________________ __ __ 316 March~ prospect___________________ ___ ________ _____ ______ 316

OONDN~ 11

Mining districts, camps, and properties-Continued. Page.

Patagonia district-Continued. Lode deposits-Continued.

Gladstone prospect_____________________________ __ __ ______ 316 Proto mine _________________________________________ ___ _ 316

Four Metals mine____________ __ _________________________ __ 317 Location __________________________ _____ __ __ ___ __ _ ____ 317 History and production____________ ______________ ____ 317 ])evelopments and equipment_______ ______________ ____ 317 Topography and geology ______ ___ ____ ____________ ___ _ 318 Ore deposits ______________________________ __________ 319

Winifred mine ______________________ __ ___ ___ __________ __ 320 ])uquesne-Washington camp ____________ ________________ __ 321

Location and general features __________________ ______ 321 History and production_________ _____________________ 322 Equipment and processes______ __ __ ______ ____ _________ 324 Topography and geology__________________________ ____ 325 Mineralogy______________ ___ _____________ __ __ _______ _ 328 Ore _ deposits________________ _________________________ 329 Pride of the West mine_____________________ __ _____ ____ 332 Bonanza mine _______________________ __ __ __ __________ 335 Holland mine_______________________ __ __ _____________ 338 Belmont mine________________________________________ 340 Silver Bell mine _________ ___ ___ __________ ____________ 341 Empire mine _________________________________ ___ ____ 341 Poole group ___________ ________ __ _____________ -'__ ____ 342

New' York mine_____________________ _____________ 342 Kansas mine ____________ ________________________ 342 ~aine mine ____ -' __________ ~ _ ____________________ 343

Pocahontas mine _______________________ ~_ __ __________ 343 Tibbetts mine______________________ __ _______ __ ______ _ 344 Coughlin Ledge ____________________ __ ___ __ ____ _ ~_____ 346 O'Connor prospect____________________________ ______ _ 346 Brooks prospect______________________________________ 346 Gold Ledge prospect________________ ____ ___________ ___ 346 Benton mine_____________________ ____________________ 346 Alfonso ViUy prospecL___________________________ __ __ 347 Line Boy mine_________ ________ ______________________ 347

Placer deposits___________________ ____________ ______________ __ 348 Nogales district___________________ _________________________ _____ _ 348

Location and general features________________________ _____ __ _ 348 Geology ____________________________________ _________________ 349

Lode deposits_____________________________ ___ ________ _________ 350 Mount Benedict____ ____________ ____________ _______________ __ 350

])ura mine________________________________________ ___ 350 Uncle Sam mine________________________ ______________ 351 Lion mine___________________ _______________________ _ 352 Columbia mine___ __ ______________ ____ ________________ 352 Reagan Camp____ _____ ________________________________ 353

Placer deposits___________________ _______ _____________________ 355 San Cayetano districL____________________________ __ ____ ___ ________ 355

Location ____________________________________________________ 355

12 CONTENTS.

Mining districts, camps, and properties-Continued. Page.

San Cayetano district-Continued. Topography and geology______________ ________ __ _____ _____ ____ 356 Ore deposits________________ ___ __ _____ _____ ___ _____________ __ 357 Tubutana mine_________________ __ _____ __________ ___ ______ __ __ 357 VVise prospect______________________ __ _________ __ __ ___ ________ 358

Nonmetalliferous mineral resources __ ____________ _____ ___ ___ _________ ___ . 359 Building materials ___________ ______ __ __________ __ ____ ___ _______ __ 359 Coal or lignite_________________________ ___ __________________ ____ _ 360 Onyx _______________ __ __ ___ ______ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ _ ___ __ ___ _______ 361 Opal _______________ ._____ ___ _____ ______ ______________ __ ___ _____ __ 361 Alunite _________________________ ___ __________________ ___ ______ __ 361

VVater supply ____________ ________ __________ ______ __ ._________________ 364 Index_______________________________________________________________ 369

44 SANTA RITA AND PATAGONIA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA.

GEOLOGY.

PRINCIPAL ROCK GROUPS.

The area here treated contains a large variety of both igneous and sedimentary rocks. The rocks range in age from pre-Cambrian to Recent. For the most part they have been considerably uplifted, faulted, intruded, and deformed. Deformation has given to the several outcrop belts a general northwesterly trend. Areally, ex­cepting for the Quaternary gravels, the igneous rocks are dominant.

The principal sedimentary groups, beginning with the oldest, are of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary, and Quaternary age, and the igneous groups are the pre-Cambrian or basal granite, the Mesozoic intrusive rocks, and the Tertiary volcanic rocks.

The general distribution of the rocks is approximately outlined on Plate II (in pocket), and their vertical relationship is shown in the accompanying geologic sections (PI. III).

A general description of the rocks is given here, and fuller local details appear in the sections on the several districts and mines. The rocks with which most of the ore deposits are connected in origin are the Paleozoic limestones and the Mesozoic intrusive rocks.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.

PALEOZOIC ROCKS.

CAMBRIAN (1) ROCKS.

Character, structure, and distribution.-The Paleozoic era is rep­resented in the area by sediments belonging to the Cambrian (?), Devonian, and Carboniferous periods. The rocks here tentatively referred to the Cambrian consist of pink to red massive quartzites, dark-greenish siliceous shale, schist, and conglomerate. These rocks are not extensively exposed. They are cut by the Mesozoic intrusive rocks and in most places rest on granite. They occur principally in the north-central part of the area, in the Helvetia and Greaterville districts; farther north, near the Cuprite and California mines; in the western part of the area, in Madera Canyon and Montosa Basin; and farther south, in the San Cayetano Mountains.

In the Helvetia-Greaterville exposure, which is the largest, the rocks occur in a narrow interrupted north-south belt · along or near the axis of the range, extending from a point north of Helvetia to a point south of Greaterville, a distance of about 12 miles. In the northern part of the belt they are principally heavy-bedded or mas­sivequartzites having a thickness of about 700 feet and occurring in two series of isolated outcrops most of which represent monoclinal

78 SANTA RITA AND PATAGONIA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA.

formably upon the older formations, giving rise to the construc­tional bajada and bolson plain, features which, though, still in process of upbuilding by the addition of new material near the higher mountains, are elsewhere in general deeply incised, and in many places are already reduced by erosion to destructional forms, as shown in Plate VI, A. During the later part of this period of erosion the more recent alluvial silts and gravels have been deposited along the present streams.

The general accordance of the geology and of the broader struc­tural features, such as the Greaterville fault, and consequently to a certain extent also of the mineral deposits, with the northwest­southeast trend of the topographic features was suggested in the discussion of topography. An example of this accordance is indi­cated on Plate II (in pocket) by the alignment of the limestone belts of the Canelo Hills and of Washington and Mowry on the p,outheast with those of Greaterville and of Montosa Basin, re­spectively, on the northwest. The same is also largely true of the andesite, rhyolite, granite porphyry, and quartz monzonite belts, including the Mount Benedict outlier of the monzonite on the southwest.

MINERAL DEPOSITS.

GENERAL CHARAcTER AND AGE.

The metallic deposits of the area here described are principally fissure veins and replacement or contact-metamorphic deposits con­taining gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, and molybdenum.

Sulphides generally begin to appear rather near the surface, but the lower limit of the oxidized zone is irregular and ranges from less than 100 to 300 feet below the surface. Water occurs in most of the mines, and the ground-water level in general stands at depths of about 250 feet.

The deposits represent at least two distinct periods of mineraliza­tion and occur in two sharply contrasted groups that differ con­siderably in age. The earlier and more valuable group occurs in association with the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and the Mesozoic granular intrusives and is of Mesozoic (probably early Cretaceous) age. The later group of deposits occurs in or associated with the Tertiary igneous rocks and is of Tertiary age, probably Miocene.

MESOZOIC (EARLY CRETACEOUS?) DEPOSITS.

GENERAL CHARACTER.

The older deposits occur in or associated with the Paleozoic sedi­mentary rocks (principally limestones, quartzites, schists, and shale) and the Mesozoic granular intrusives (granite, granite porphyry,