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ILR 011:OFFICES

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4 Ground ZeroAdvertising Agency,Marina del Rey,California. Lighting design: E TealBrogden and LeNguyen of Horton LeesBrogden LightingDesign, Culver City,California.At the perimeter, the‘jelly jars’ havecoloured lamps and

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Philips has extended the options and possibilitiesof 'TL'5 recessed luminaires. In addition to thesuccessful ‘Best-in-Class’ solutions, Philips nowoffers a complete range of ‘Best-Buy’ solutions,which means that you can take advantage of'TL'5’s superior performance and aesthetic elegance in a whole new range of more cost-conscious applications.Clearly the best choice.

Please ask your local Philips representative for more information.

Widest choice in 'TL'5 recessed luminaires

TBS 630TBS 600

b.cover2-3DE-inside 25-07-2001 11:44 Pagina D

Philips LightingBU Luminaires

International Lighting Review

ISSN 0020-7853

Internationale Licht Rundschau

ISSN 0165-9863

Revue Internationale de l'Eclairage

ISSN 0035-3388

Revista Internacional de Luminotecnia

ISSN 0167-7608

52nd year / issue 011

Founded in 1949, International Lighting Review is

devoted to all aspects of lighting. Published three

times a year, it reports extensively on

developments and trends in lighting, on actual

problems encountered in lighting design and

technology, and on outstanding projects from all

over the world. ILR is richly illustrated with colour

photographs and drawings covering more than 50

pages.

Published by Philips Lighting, Luminaire Group

Produced by LiDAC, Lighting Design and Application

Centre, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

Editorial office

Address: P.O. Box 721, 5600 AS Eindhoven,

the Netherlands

Telephone: administration 31 40 275 5779

Telephone: Editors: 31 40 275 52 52 /

31 40 275 74 85

Telefax: 31 40 275 57 30

E-mail: LIGHTING.ILR@ PHILIPS.COM

Internet: http://www.lightingreview.com

Bank: Postbank Amsterdam.

VAT Reg.no. NL005476604B46.

Chief Editor and Art Director: JF Caminada.

Editors: Jane Atkin, Derek Parker and Marcel Janse.

Photography: Rien Valk. Artwork: Jo van Hemert.

Layout: Marie-Louise Mannaerts.

Client services: Franka Heesterbeek.

Translation: Philips Translation Services.

Pre-publishing by Neroc, Eindhoven.

Printed by Roto Smeets Services, Eindhoven.

Copyright

Normally speaking, articles published in International

Lighting Review may be reprinted, either completely

or in part, with prior written authorisation from the

publisher. However, in those cases where the artwork

concerned is not the property of ILR, it is not in our

power to grant permission to reproduce this.

The views expressed in this journal by third

parties are not necessarily those held by the

publisher. The editor reserves the right to edit and

abridge articles for publication.

c.contents a-b-1 25-07-2001 11:48 Pagina a

2 ForumNews from the world of lighting

8 Editor’s notes

Offices

Projects9 Fingertip comfort The Netherlands and Germany

Bank employees use remote controlled office lighting scenes at ABN AMRO

12 The works The Netherlands Theo Gielen and Marius Wouters

Not a single light switch to be seen in the new Philips Lighting Head Office, and a constant lighting level of 1000 lux.

22 River of Light United Kingdom Alan Nicholson

A brand new office building with interesting architectural and design features in Three Rivers Housing Association, Durham

28 In Broad Daylight The Netherlands Laurens Zonneveldt

Natural and artificial light in the Palace of Justice, Den Bosch with light, climate and sunblind management systems. Plus a feature on lighting controls by Chris Holder

36 Light Construction Denmark Morten Reimann

Ambience and comfort in the various office spaces of Højgaard and Schultz

42 From bank to bureau The NetherlandsSchwencke Rosbach Architects, Amsterdam. A firm of architects are put tothe test when renovating their own new office accommodation

54 Imaginative lobbiesThe lobby is the showpiece and interface between the world outside and the various office working areas – examples from the 18th IALD Contest 2001

Trends34 Light and Health Gerrit van den Beld

Most people now work mainly indoors, often in offices, making it necessary to take health effects into account

Design40 X-tend

New series of stylish luminaires for use in office areas. Incorporating the latest optical systems for top visual performance at the desk top

Concepts16 Mastering Office Lighting Heinrich Kramer

The eight commandments of lighting design to promote efficient working conditions and also take into account the needs of the individual

24 The Daylight Challenge Laurens Zonneveldt and Ellie de Groot

The natural way of illuminating spaces is to make use of daylight. The combination of this and artificial lighting determines visual comfort in a work environment.

44 The new office world Marius Wouters and Brigitte Liem

World’s largest purpose-designed lighting demonstration facility presents the very latest developments in office lighting.

52 Conceptual Office DesignA perfect match between needs of both personnel and customer - a view of‘Ineenontwerp’ (In one design) Interior Design Consultancy

bFront cover: Højgaard & Schultz,Denmark,see page36

I n t e r n a t i o n a l Lighting ReviewContents 011

http://www.lightingreview.com

Argentina: Ariel Szajowicz, Buenos Aires,fax 015467668.Australia:Therese Tarlinton, Sydney, North Ryde,fax 0298054495.Austria:Thomas Jelemensky, Vienna,fax 01601012176 .Belgium: Gerd Sterckx, Brussels,fax 025257694.Brazil:Juliana Ficheli, Sao Paulo,fax 01151880662.Canada: Sandra Weil, Markham,fax 04167546265.Central America:Ricardo Chicas, San Salvador,Fax 2941801Chile: Valeria Sáez, Santiago,fax 027371711.China:Cindy Ding, Shanghai,fax 0255501822.Colombia:Edgardo Cayón, Bogota,fax 016236177.Czech Republic:Jakob Wittlich, Prague,fax 02 33099326.Denmark:Hans Jorgen Jacobsen, Copenhagen,fax 033293931.Finland:Petri Pekola, Mäntsäla,fax 096883230.France:Pierre Launay, Ivry-sur-Seine,fax 0149876178.Germany:Gunter Puetz, Springe,fax 050419451855.Greece:Isabella Terzaki, Athens,fax 016845728.Hong Kong: Pilva Kwan, Hong Kong,fax 028610568.Hungary:Laszlo Fabian, Budapest,fax 013821851.India: Meera Bankal, Mumbai,fax 0224964319.Indonesia:Sinta Marino, Jakarta,fax 0264 351666.Ireland:Eoin Cooke, Dublin,fax 017640121.Italy:Mariangela Speroni, Monza,fax 0392036125.Japan:Masako Manning, Tokyo,fax 0337405367Korea: S.H. Cho, Seoul,fax 027091359.Malaysia:K.C. Wong, Kuala Lumpur,fax 037574368.

Mexico:Germán Villalobos Alarcón, Mexicofax 052 5728 4844.New Zealand:Brian Brandford, Auckland,fax 098497812.Netherlands:Anneke Summerfield, Eindhoven,fax 0402786795.Norway:Line Furulund, Oslo,fax 022748229.Peru:Fabián Ysla, Lima,fax 014449147.Pakistan:Ejaz Ahmed, KarachiFax 021 2568658Philippines:Robert Victoriano, Manila,fax 028166340.Poland:Magda Tarnowska, Pila,fax 067 3513104.Portugal:Rui Santos, Lisbon,fax 014163222.Russia:Vitaly Stepanov, Moscow,fax 0959379357.Singapore:Teh Eng Chuan, Singapore,fax 02532343.Slovakia:Zuzana Marekova, Bratislava,fax 075424213.Spain:Susana Gallardo, Madrid,fax 0915669655.Sweden:Per-Ake Alm, Stockholm,fax 0859852760 Switzerland:Jolanda Hagnauer, Zürich,fax 014883249.Taiwan:Sasha Lee, Taipei,fax 0221342678.Thailand:Taweechai Kangwansurakry,Samutprakarn, fax 02 3230904 Turkey:Didem Sen, Istanbul,fax 02122804501.United Kingdom:Andy Gowen, Croydon,fax 01816898752.Uruguay:Carlos Galante, Montevideo,fax 029023616.USA:Megan Carroll, Somerset,fax 0732 5633525.Venezuela:Alejandro SamourFax: 2 2378343

Other countries: ILR/ Franka Heesterbeek fax 31 40 275 5730

011 3222 635 28061

SubscriptionsThree issues a year. Unless cancelled in writing, existing subscriptions willautomatically be renewed and invoiced accordingly. For subscriptions contact theReader-Service person in your country as indicated below.

For 2001, the subscription rates (including postage) are:Within Europe €44Outside Europe €52

Back Numbers An overview of the subjects dealt with in the last eight issues of ILR can be found in ourQuick-Reference Index, which is included in the ILR website mentioned below.Back numbers are available, while stocks last, in all four language versions, and can bepurchased individually. Please contact your Reader-Service person in your country.The charge (including postage) is€20 per issue.

ILR website and ILR indexAn online overview of the current issue of ILR and the Quick-Reference Index of thebacknumbers from 1998 onwards is available. These ILR online versions represent akey-selection of the contents of the printed versions of ILR.See www.lightingreview.com

ILR Reader-serviceAre you interested in receiving further information on a product or lighting themefeatured in ILR? If so, simply fax your address and request to the Reader-Serviceperson in your country. p.9 Rogier van Dis

p.12 Theo Gielen p.12 Marius

p.33 Chris Holder

p.36 Morten

p.42 Christofp.42 Gerard

p.28 Laurens

p.22 Alan

p.36 Freddy Degn

p.42 Sandra Bos p.42 Roeland van

991 SHOPS AND

STORES

993 INDUSTRY

992 LANDMARKS

001 CITY

BEAUTIFICATION

EURO 2000 SOCCER

003 ROADS

002 SHOPS

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FORUM FORUM

GTI Installatietechniek is one of the largesttechnical installation companies in theNetherlands. Their new building inOisterwijk is an open structure with smallwindows and the interior design exposesthe thermal installation, reflecting thenature of the company.A particular feature of the office spaceinside the building is the presence ofbaffles on the ceiling. These are intendedto absorb the noise in the office areas.However, this unusual addition created aproblem for the lighting designers.Luminaires could not be fitted directly tothe ceiling because then the baffles wouldaffect the lighting level, making it uneven.Therefore the lighting had to be designedaround the baffles.The solution was to integrate the luminaireinto the baffle itself.Each one is 12cm wide and 3.25m long, soeach luminaire was adapted to be twice itsnormal size. The luminaires employed inthe office area are the TPX700, fitted withD7-60 optics with Omni-directional

GTI, Oisterwijk, NetherlandsA new tailor-made lighting installation

Luminance Control (OLC). This eliminatesglare and gives the user maximumfreedom when positioning the computermonitor in the office. Each luminairehouses two ‘TL’5 35 W lamps. Despite theinitial inconvenience, the presence of thebaffles afforded an opportunity tostreamline the project by concealing all theballasts and wiring inside the baffle.Lighting controls are provided byLuxsense, LRL1220. This system assessesthe amount of daylight and gradually dimsthe lamps accordingly, which has obviousenergy-saving advantages.In the walkway areas there are no baffles,so different luminaires have been fittedhere. These are the Kristea suspendedluminaires with metal reflectors to controlglare, each one using a PL-T 42 W lamp.This whole installation provides anexcellent example of how the lightingproducts can be adapted to the veryspecific needs of the customer.Lighting design: GTI in co-operation withPhilips Lighting

Launched in February 2000 by theEuropean Commission Directorate forGeneral Energy and Transport, the GreenLight Programme is a voluntary pollutionprevention initiative encouraging non-residential electricity customers to installenergy-efficient lighting technologies.The objective is to reduce energyconsumption, thereby reducing pollution.This is achieved by the upgrading oflighting installations in existing spaces,where profitable, reducing the total lightingelectricity consumption by at least 30%. Innew spaces, energy efficient lightingwould be installed from the outset.Within five years of joining the programme,the electricity consumer should completethe necessary upgrades, submit an annualprogress report and appoint a CorporateManager to assure the programme isexecuted.There are various benefits of becominginvolved in the Green Light Programmes.Consumers save money, have better

The EyeOasis™A PC Lighting System specifically designedto ease the visual demands of using acomputer.

The flickering of a computer screen, evenwhen barely perceptible, often leads to eyestrain, headaches, blurred vision andcontributes to general stress and fatigue.Jay Dillon, a researcher, inventor and artistfrom the United States, has developed adevice which alleviates the associatedproblems of prolonged staring at acomputer screen.This is the Eye Oasis, a bank of smallcoloured lights that sits in the workstationnear the user's computer. Every hour or soduring the working day, the user takes afew minutes break and watches thedevice, which produces a cascadingpattern of coloured lights. Patterns, coloursand pulse rate can be varied by the userdepending on what feels best. The effect is

North Shore City environmental services,concerned with building consents,property information and environmentalissues, currently operate from severalbuildings. An efficient consolidation of theirservices, by centralising the processing,filing and environmental divisions, meansthat more individual space will be gainedfor the 150 staff but they will use lessspace overall.This new building is divided into cellularoffices, which have glass walls, and open-plan offices. Emphasis has been placed onflexibility of the office space so it is able toadapt to future changes in office layout.A difficulty faced by the lighting designerswas the strict requirement that glareshould be avoided throughout the officespace.Maximum flexibility of usage has beenachieved by employing a regulararrangement of TBS369 luminaireshousing 2 x TLD36W/84 lamps and D6 OLCoptic. The OLC optic of the TBS369

Flexible and glare-freeNorth Shore City Environmental Services, Auckland, New Zealand

provides the solution here, giving the gooduniformity required and providingexceptional glare control. Thisarrangement is designed to give anaverage of 500 lux throughout.Architect: Frank Tonetti,Creative Spaces Ltd,

Craig Johnston –

working with Philips Lighting,

European Green Light ProgrammeAn initiative promoted by the European Commission

lighting conditions for their employees andclients, they obtain technical assistanceand free publicity about their participation,and the consumer can be identified as anenvironmentally-conscious company.Green Light is actively supported by theCommission and by the national energyagencies of 14 European countries.

More information about this programmecan be found at www.eu-greenlight.org

30 Kilometres of lightVienna Twin Tower, Austria

The Vienna Twin Tower forms the main partof one of the largest urban developmentprojects in Vienna - the Wienerberg City.The total office space amounts to 48 500m2, and will be the largest centrallymanaged office location in Vienna.The ‘Living Office’ - the philosophy behindthe Twin Tower project - is based on theidea of a new working environment inwhich buildings are integrated in livingspaces, containing a great deal ofgreenery, light and air. The open functionaldesign of the offices is a natural catalystfor teamwork and communication. The‘Living Office’ concept addresses theneeds of the companies and theirworkforces and this integration of theoffice space into the surroundingsproduces an environment that improvesjob satisfaction, creativity and motivation.

The whole project has been lighted byPhilips Lighting from the 2nd to the 35thfloors. As the ‘TL’5 series is half thethickness of conventional fluorescenttubes, they were installed, as the overallheight of the lights - and therefore theceiling height - could be considerably less.

In addition, these lamps are state-of-the-art with regard to both energyuse and lighting technology. In addition,OLC (Omni-directional Luminance Control)louvres were used to ensure glareprotection.Architects: Fuksas.

TBS 600 range The range of innovative ‘TL’5 recessedluminaires TBS 600, from Philips Lighting,are specifically intended for use in officeareas, such as Cell, Hive and Club, wherethey are used with a choice of five highquality optics, three of which are Omni-directional Luminance Control (OLC).These Best-in-Class optics, represent theoptimum in top quality - best aesthetics,highest efficiency and optimizedbrightness control. For Meet and Lobbyareas, the TBS600 can also be used withBest-Buy optics which offer affordablesolutions.The full range of optics includes: closed,decorative, bi-directional, very wide beam,asymmetrical, and low brightnesshigh/semi high gloss. Luminaires caneasily be operated on electronic gear toallow regulation of the lighting.These recessed luminaires are designed tofit perfectly with the four main types of

ceiling systems: visible profile, stripceilings, concealed profile and panelceiling systems, in modules of varyingsize. Extended luminaires can be offeredup to 2000mm.The TBS600 series are also perfect to usein schools, shops and general applications.

restful, relaxing and enjoyable, bothvisually and emotionally, leading to lessfatigue and stress, greater alertness andefficiency for the PC user.In 1995 the Eye Oasis was recognised bythe Illuminating Engineering Society ofNorth America as a potentially valuableergonomic tool.

More information about this device can befound at www.lightncolor.com

Photos Andreas Draxler

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This installation was in the department: Education and Culture Centre of the Middle East.The main hall has a very sophisticated acoustic ceiling, and the lighting installation hasbeen installed so as not to interfere with this. Furthermore, the lighting conforms to thebuilding management system (BMS) installed by the client. The energy-effective lightingsolution emphasises the architectural elements of the various foyers, exhibition hall,lecture theatres and offices.

The LightingHigh-ceilinged areas: An effective solution has been obtained using high-luminancetubular fluorescents (TL-D Reflex) to provide indirect lighting.

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Lighting of the façades and all indoor areas of a fully refurbished four-storey municipalbuilding, with strong emphasis on energy conservation. There is a very sophisticatedlighting control, combining automatic regulation by daylight and presence detectors withindividual control by the occupants of the offices.

The LightingOffice areas: TL-5 fluorescent lamps of 28 W, colour 840, in TBS 630 two-lamp luminaireswith OLC optics, partly with light regulation.Circulation areas: PL-C compact fluorescent lamps of 18 W, colour 827, in FBH 145 two-lamp downlights; PL-C compact fluorescent lamps of 13 W, colour 827, in 813downlights.Lighting control: Helio, coupled to the building management system, Scenio in theauditorium.Façade lighting: CDM-T and CDM-TD Mastercolour compact metal halide lamps of 70 W,colour 830, in MBF 505 Pompeï ground-mounting floodlights and MWF 130 Tempo 1floodlights, respectively; QL induction lamp systems of 85 W in existing lanterns; fibre-optic installation with two Focus light generators.The Jury expressed its admiration for this interesting and very complete civic-buildingproject, which makes use of the most innovative products and very sophisticated lighting-control facilities.

Entry: Philips Ibérica de Alumbrado S.A., Madrid. Messrs Juan Carlos Cristóbal, FélixFunes, Francisco Alonso and José Gil.

Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey Special Millennium Prize

Town Hall, Burgos, SpainFirst Prize

Halls: The combined use of fluorescent and incandescent lamps provides the possibility ofmaking different lighting combinations for different illuminance levels and different visualeffects. The latter (PAR + halogen) are used mainly for the purpose of dimming, theirwarm colours also being in line with the specifications of the existing BMS.The Jury was impressed by the extremely high standard of design and execution, down tothe smallest detail, of this prestigious installation. The lighting solutions show endlessvariety, but are always fully in accordance with the bold architecture.

Entry: Türk Philips Aydinlatma Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S., Istanbul. Ms Tülin Için, Mr HaldunDemirdes.

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The 18th Philips International LightingContest - the Millennium Lighting Contest -covered the period from 1 January 1997 to31 December 1999. Projects could beentered in any of the six ApplicationGroups into which the Contest wasdivided. These were: Commercial andPublic Service Areas, Industrial Areas,Social Areas, City Beautification, Sports,and Traffic and Transport.

As this issue of ILR is devoted to officelighting, we have featured the entries inthe Application Group; Commercial andPublic Service Areas. But we begin withthe Special Millennium Prize, which wasawarded to the best entry of all thosereceived.

1, 2 Education and CultureCentre of the Middle EastTechnical University (METU) inAnkara, Turkey.

3, 4 Town Hall, Burgos, Spain.

The Millennium Lighting Contest, for installations designed bymembers of the Philips Lighting organisation using the company’sproducts, attracted 82 entries from 33 Lighting Organisations. Theprize-winning offices in the category Commercial and PublicService Areas are featured here

Prize-winning officesAward winners in the Philips Millennium Lighting Contest

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5, 6 European Commission,Charlemagne building, Brussels,Belgium.

7, 8 BASF head-office, Prague,Czech Republic.

9 Siemens, Frankfurt, Germany.

Renovation of the lighting of all indoor areas of a multi-storey office block - Charlemagne buildingwith amodular layout. Very energy-effective lighting solution,requiring only two single-lamp luminaires per buildingmodule (1.35 x 5.2 m).

The LightingTL-5 fluorescent lamps of 28 W, colour 830, in TBP 600single-lamp luminaires with OLC optics (project version ofTBS 600). Lighting control by Helio.The Jury considered this an excellent example of theenergy saving that can be obtained by the use of high-efficiency optical systems in combination with clever light-regulation strategies, and appreciated the highcommercial value of this project.

Entry: Philips Lighting Belgium, Luminaire Department,Brussels. Messrs Xavier De Blocq and Henri Leclercq.

Lighting of all indoor areas of a national head-office building. The lighting blendsextremely well with the architecture of the building.

The LightingOffice areas: TL-5 fluorescent lamps of 28 W, colour 840, in TBS 630 two-lamp luminaireswith OLC optics.Circulation areas: PL-C compact fluorescent lamps of 18 W, colour 840, in FBH 145 two-lamp downlights; CDM-T Mastercolour compact metal halide lamps of 70 W, colour 942,in MBR 600 Odyssey asymmetrical downlights.The Jury admired the high standard of design and execution of this prestigious project,which also brought in excellent commercial results.

Entry by: Philips Ceská Republika S.R.O., Division Lighting, Prague. Mr Martin Matoušek.

Renovation of the lighting in a five-storey office building of the open-plan type, withdividing walls. The new luminaires are incorporated in the existing false-ceiling system.An energy saving of 30 per cent was achieved, a significant improvement on the oldinstallation.

The LightingTL-5 high-output fluorescent lamps of 39 W, colour 840, in TBS 785 single-lampluminaires with OLC optics.

The Jury congratulated the winner on the very good results achieved in terms of energysaving, especially in view of the severe limiting circumstances.

Entry: Philips Licht, Geschäftsbereich Leuchten, Region West, St. Sebastian. Mr RalfMarschall.

European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Second Prize

BASF, Prague,Czech RepublicThird Prize

Siemens, Frankfurt, GermanyHonourable Mention

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Projects

The cost of running lighting, heating and air-conditioning systems represents a large part ofthe operating budget of most large companies.The inefficient use of lighting contributesconsiderably to this expense. Lights are often lefton in conference rooms after meetings, and thelighting systems on many floors continue tooperate long after the last employee has gonehome for the evening. But much energy is alsowasted in maintaining unoccupied offices athigh temperature levels, and in failing to deploysun blinds to keep down the heating effect ofsunlight, putting extra pressure on the air-conditioning system. Energy saving apart, the ABN AMRO HeadOffices in Amsterdam and Frankfurt wereanxious to ensure that their new officeaccommodation should satisfy two other very

Two branches of the ABN AMRO bank, the newHead Office in Amsterdam and a branch inFrankfurt, have provided state-of-the-artcomfort control systems for their employees

Fingertip comfort Automated control systems for the ABN AMRO, Netherlands and Germany

important requirements. Firstly that theoccupants should be able to control forthemselves factors such as temperature, theingress of sunlight, and lighting level, whichinfluence the comfort of the workingenvironment. Secondly that the technicalinstallations should accommodate any changesto the layout of an office space.Technical management decided that some formof combined network use was essential to satisfythese requirements. Having compared thevarious systems available, the one finally chosenfor this application was the extremely flexibleLonWorks platform - a standard widely used tobuild automated control applications. InAmsterdam, this Local Operating Network(LON) is employed in conjunction with thePhilips HELIO lighting control system (see ILR

From surfaces to spacesEditor’s notes

yet this not the case even these days in which ‘natural’ is a reference and afavoured selling argument.Mankind has worked outdoors for time immemorial and yet when wemoved indoors to work, not so long ago, we accepted light levels whichwere only fractions of the outdoor level, as van den Beld explains further inthis issue. In offices today 500 lux is the horizontal illuminance consideredas being acceptable, but this is a mere tenth of the light on the street on adark winter morning. It is definitely the time to start research projects toestablish the value of having more light at work, for the satisfaction ofemployees and even for economic reasons. The extra cost of providingmore light on a workstation could have an extremely short payback time -one single day less illness in a year saves the community, or the employer,more than the extra electricity expenses incurred over a full year.

J F Caminada

Indoor lighting and outdoor lighting have seldom the same conceptualpriorities. Today in some areas of application, like offices, there seems to bean increased interest for similar concepts in both application fields, forexample a shift from ‘surface’ to ‘space’. Traditionally the surface is the mainobject of interest in lighting: outdoors a road surface, to avoid any ‘obstacle’on it; indoors a desk surface in the office, or perhaps even more precisely,the piece of paper on this desk. Today, as it is confirmed in Kramer’sarticle, the space itself starts to play a major role. We noticed this evolutionoutdoors in our previous Roads issue.This is indeed quite logical. After all, the boundaries of the office are the‘box’ in which the workers have to spend long hours staring at a computerscreen. It is hard to believe, but actually it was not so long ago that thelegibility of a pencil written text was considered as an important criteria forthe quality of the lighting (with respect tospecular reflections on it). Today the laserprinter delivers perfectly sharp, matt, blacktexts which makes the lighting of such avisual task a piece of cake. But it isimportant now to light the space itself,which is of course an other piece ofcake, and truly a design job.

HealthIf there is one area whichwould seem to be anabsolute model forhealthy lightingconditions this is theoutdoor world, byday that is. And

Each individual remote control unit had to serve toselect the appropriate lighting level, the climate, andthe setting of the sun-blinds

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954) and is a so-called open-bus system thatmakes possible the integration of other buildingsystems, along with the lighting. In Frankfurt,the LON system is coupled to Luxsense sensorson the lamps.

Personal climate controlUsing this system, the occupant of an officeemploys a single remote-control unit to select hisor her personal preference for the lighting, thetemperature, the setting of the sun-blinds, andeven the do-not-disturb sign over the office door.The HELIO sensor passes this information on tothe LON bus system and the individual buildingsystems connected to this are instructed to actaccordingly. After a predetermined time, thelighting will automatically switch off, the airconditioning will revert to a stand-by settingand, if the sun is shining, the sun-blinds willclose to prevent unnecessary heating up of thebuilding.

Quick changes to office layoutThe ABN AMRO experiences frequentorganisational changes and so often has to adaptthe layout of its office spaces accordingly. Withtraditional vertical cabling methods, thisinvariably involves the expenditure of muchtime and money because internal walls have tobe moved and cables have to be re-routed. Thisis why the bank insisted that it should bepossible to make any changes to the technicalcontrol network needed as a result of changes tothe office layout using computer software ratherthan having to make changes to the physicallayout. This is possible thanks to the LonWorksstandard employed, in which all connectionsbetween the various facilities of the comfortsystem are softwired. Any required changes tothe control of climate, lighting and sun-blindscan be made within a minute by a few clicks ofthe mouse.

Custom-made luminairesThe lighting installation is particularly energyefficient and offers optimal lighting comfort. Theluminaires employ the new ‘TL’5 tubular

fluorescent lamp and were specially designedfor the ABN AMRO. The diameter of this lamp isa mere 16 mm, which meant that the luminairescould be kept slim. At the same time, the specialmirror optics provide a better, more uniformdistribution of both the direct and the indirectlight, so affording increased comfort whenworking with computers.The luminaires also ensure a constant lightinglevel on the desk top is possible. This is due tothe built-in light sensor. If this senses that theamount of light is increasing due to moredaylight, it dims the light output of theluminaire accordingly. The result is a morecomfortable lighted environment and animportant saving in energy.The luminaires are connected to HELIO controlunits coupled to the LonWorks network. These‘listen’ to the separate buttons on the remotecontrol unit, one set controlling the row ofluminaires by the windows and the other setcontrol the luminaires adjacent to the aisle. Atthe end of the day, the lighting is switched off intwo stages so the office is not suddenly plungedinto darkness. If desired, the lighting can beswitched on again using the remote control unit.■

1-7 Exterior andinterior views of thenew head office of theABN AMRO inAmsterdam.

6 Specially-designeddimmable ‘TL’5luminaires house either 2 x 49 W lamps or 2 x28 W (short version).

7 Suspended

luminaires to providedirect and indirectlighting.

8, 9 The new headoffice of ABN AMRO inFrankfurt, Germany.Here the LON system iscoupled to Luxsensesensors on the lamps.

ABN AMRO AmsterdamArchitects: Henry Cobb, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners,New YorkLighting design: Henry Cobb in co-operation withTechnical Management Consultancy, Amersfoort andPhilips Lighting

ABN AMRO Frankfurt Architects: Zäske+Maul, WiesbadenLighting design: Ebener und Partner, FrankfurtIngenieurbüro, Dr Klaus Petry, OffenbachLighting equipment: Philips Lighting

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OOrganisations need to be flexible in their officelayouts in order to be able to adapt to changingneeds. The present-day office worker is quiteaccustomed to remote working, using theinternet, the laptop and the mobile telephone,and so office areas have to be made available forvisiting employees, with so-called touch-downworking stations for those who are not workingon a regular office-time schedule. There is also aneed to increase the number and diversity of theformal and informal communication andmeeting areas in the office space.The new Head Office of Philips Lighting in thecentre of Eindhoven will answer all theserequirements. Occupying a large part of what


The basic idea is to have a representative and stimulating accommodation equipped withthe latest state-of-the-art IT-facilities and a purpose-designed lighting installation

3 Lobby. A row of ceiling-recessed PLC 26 Wdownlighters providethe main illumination toabout 450 lux.Decorative Adante wallluminaires (‘TL’5C) and

Projects

The Lighting

The lighting provides a blanket illuminance of1000 lux throughout the various types of officespaces. This is considerably higher than thatrequired by the new European CENrecommendations covering office lighting, butwas considered necessary in order to ensure astimulating working environment. The lighting is a combination of daylight andartificial light, with controls that automaticallyadjust the level of the latter to give a constant1000 lux as daylight levels fluctuate. One of the first things the visitor becomes awareof is that there is not a single light switch to be

In a move to make more efficient use of its officeaccommodation, Philips Lighting decided touse part of one of its existing properties in thecentre of Eindhoven

was formerly purely a laboratory building, thenew interior architecture makes use of warmfurnishing materials and natural colours.Desks and cupboards in natural wood finishesare abundant, and doors in restful shades ofgreen blend with the soft-yellow wallpaperand the various autumnal hues of the floorcoverings.

The worksPhilips Lighting Head Office, The Netherlands

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Theo Gielen and Marius Wouters

1, 2 ,5 Open-plan Hiveoffice.On the north side ofthe building the lightingis provided by threerows of TBS 630luminaires (2 x ‘TL’5 35 W/830),with the D7 optics for

4 Coffee corner.Warm, low-key lightingfor relaxation isprovided by 50 WSDW-T and 50 W low-

f.philipsoffice12-15 25-07-2001 12:03 Pagina 12


9 Conference room.The lighting, providedby a combination ofPLC and low-voltagehalogen downlighters,can be selected to suitthe needs of the

occasion.

10 groundplan: Lighting design planwith numericalindication of thevarious working and

seen! Whatever office space is entered, apresence detector linked to a Helio lightingcontrol system will tell the lighting to switch on.And it will tell the lighting to switch off againwhen you leave.Particular care has also been taken to create highlighting levels on vertical planes, as this isknown to positively influence the performanceand general well-being of the employees.

Efficient luminairesThe office lighting luminaires are the highlyefficient TBS 630 and the TBS 785, for two 35 Wand a single 49 W TL5 lamp, respectively. Theseare both provided with (D7) OLC optics (see ILR981) to ensure reflection-free lighting in spite ofthe many computer screens. But besides being extremely efficient, thelighting was also required to reinforce the warm,domestic nature of the furnishings. Hence thechoice of TL5 colour 830 (3000 K) and the warm-white of the SDW-T White SON (2700 K), PL andhalogen decorative lighting employed in the

entrance Lobby, coffee corners and informalmeeting areas.

The Lobby The decorative lighting begins in theentrance hall and corridor part of the Lobby.Here a row of ceiling-recessed PLC downlightersprovide the main illumination to about 450 lux,with decorative Adante wall luminaires andsmall halogen spots being used to highlight thearchitectural elements.

Cell offices These are one or two-person officesopening off the corridor on the south side of thebuilding. The lighting comes from five ceiling-recessed TBS 785 luminaires (1 x TL5 49 W/830)in a staggered arrangement. The (D7) opticsprovide a delta-shaped light distribution toensure glare-free working, whatever the deskarrangement.

Open-plan Hive office On the other side of thebuilding, the north side, is the open-plan Hiveoffice area. The lighting here is provided by

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three rows of TBS 630 luminaires (2 x TL5 35W/830), again with the D7 optical system forcomfortable computer-screen working. Thesame lighting is employed in the glass-frontedmanager’s offices to obtain uniformity ofappearance and maximum flexibility.

Cocoons Adjoining the open office area are anumber of small, glass-fronted ‘cocoon’ offices,each provided with its own ‘touch-down’connection to the internet. These can be used byanyone wishing to escape from the hustle andbustle of the open Hive office. The lighting is different in that it is based ondecorative suspended fluorescent luminaires(TPX 700 with D7 optics and 2 x TL5 49 W)providing both direct and indirect lighting.

Coffee corner The wide circulation spacebetween the cocoons and the open-plan area,which contains the coffee corner and informalmeeting place, has been given a very warmlighting treatment. Ceiling-recessed SDW-T

downlighters provide the main illumination,while small halogen 50 W downlights built-into‘triangles’ suspended above the tables provideaccent-rich local lighting. The walls of thecocoons are illuminated by TL5 luminaires.

Meet Each of the six office floors is providedwith a number of different-sized formal andinformal meeting areas and rooms. Eachmeeting room has its own pre-programmed setof lighting ‘scenes’ suited to different activities(meetings, video-conferencing, presentations,celebrations), which can be selected at the pressof a button. ■

Interior design: VEG Interior Building Systems BV,Eindhoven, and architect Bert StaalLighting design: Marius Wouters and Theo Gielen,LiDAC, Philips Lighting, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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6 Cell office. Ceiling-recessed TBS785 luminaires (1 x‘TL’5 49 W/830) withD7 optics ensure glare-free working, whateverthe viewing direction.

7 Cocoons.Lighting forconcentration andcommunicationprovided by fourdecorative TPX 700suspended luminaires.

8 Manager’s offices.Here the lighting is the

f.philipsoffice12-15 25-07-2001 12:03 Pagina 14

A3. Through the choice of form, colour and material and in its design and

details, lighting should support the intentions of the architecture andinterior design rather than function independently.

4. Lighting should create a mood and atmosphere that meets people'sdemands and expectations (e.g. formal, intimate, official, sober, cheap,bright, dim, homely, valuable, wide, inviting, unfriendly, etc.).

5. Lighting should facilitate and promote communication among people.6. Lighting should make a statement and convey a message over and

above mere brightness. It should express something.7. Lighting should be original in its basic forms of expression. It should

not be a mass product that simply reproduces what already exists.8. And, last but not least, lighting should also facilitate perception and

recognition of people's surroundings.The requirements that a new lighting code should fulfil in terms ofambience and light could be formulated as follows.

General requirementsThe lighting and ambience of a workplace has to fulfil the users'expectations, which are determined by culture, society and education. Theexpectations relate to the functionality, aesthetics, ergonomics, etc. of therooms and their furnishings. They have to be designed so as to supportpeople's biorhythms or circadian cycles (orientation in space and time).People must be able to concentrate without any disruption (privacy) and beable to converse with their colleagues when necessary (communication). The work zones should be arranged so that the windows, the room, theentrances and exits, as well as the activity of others, can be observed.Everything should be visible ‘at a glance’ and familiar. Dark and indistinctzones should not be created (information and familiarity).The rooms should offer variation and surprise.Lighting must not distract as a result of being conspicuous, non-functionalor ugly (style) or as a result of creating an inappropriate atmosphere(dazzle, flicker, reflection). Disruptive effects on the biorhythm areparticularly serious.

During the day, lighting should be enlivening, activating and motivatingin accordance with the human biorhythm. For their own well-being, people need appropriate visual contact with theoutside world, with the cycle of day and night, seasons, weather and theenvironment (quality of the view, size/direction of windows, nature of thesurroundings in the field of vision, arrangement of the workstation in

ilr 011 offices/concepts 1716 ilr 011 offices/concepts

An increasing number of people are performing activities that in thebroadest sense of the term can be described as office activities. They spendtheir working time sitting at a desk in an office environment. Linking upthese workstations with others in the same firm and throughout the worldmeans that each has to meet new requirements. Some are already beingdesigned as teleworking or job-sharing workstations, utilising moderncommunication systems (telephone, fax, e-mail, computer networks) totransmit and receive various types of information from databases world-wide. Face-to-face communication is becoming less important.Office work can be understood as comprising a host of frequently varyingactivities, involving the processing of ‘files’, communicating with otherworkstations, operating the communication media, communicating withother members of staff, thinking, organising, and so on. Each activity imposes different requirements on the office space,workstation, surroundings, furnishings, equipment, and also the lighting.Equally, each activity demands a different relationship with other rooms inthe building or elsewhere. As every company or public authority differs instructure and organisation, so does the emphasis put on each specificactivity, therefore affecting these relationships. The result is that individualworkstations have to meet very complex requirements. Irrespective of therequirements that have already been discussed above, a number of basichuman needs have to be taken into account in the design of officeworkstations. These human needs reflect a person’s desire for:• orientation in space and time (genius loci, culture, tradition, spirit of the

times, biorhythm)• privacy and communication• information and familiarity• variation and surprise (not monotonous)These human needs can be incorporated into a scheme for lightingdesigners: The eight commandments of good lighting design.

The eight commandments of lighting design1. The lighting should facilitate orientation and definition of a person’s

location in space and time.Spatial location refers not only to the physical co-ordinates in metresand centimetres, but also to people's location in society and culture -their relationship with history and tradition.

2. Lighting should be an integral part of the architecture and interiordesign, viz. planned from the beginning and not added as anafterthought.

Typical design and lighting atmosphere of anopen-plan office in the 60s and 70s – ‘standard

The lighting fixtures are out of proportion and ‘threatening’ rather thanpleasant. The nature of the material and the brightness of the ceiling are

Office workplaces with no visual link to theoutside are 'inhuman'. Artificial light should

Very ‘misty’ lighting atmosphere, the proportion of direct light from thesuspended luminaires is too low. A new lighting level is created by the

A daylight atmosphere at night leads to a lower acceptance of artificiallighting. The numerous standing luminaires represent visual, spatial unrest.

Typical open-plan atmosphere with no visual linkwith the outside. Ceiling design is poor and there

Concepts

Mastering Office LightingHeinrich Kramer

The lighting and spatial arrangement of themodern office environment should be designedto facilitate efficient working and also take intoaccount the needs of the person

Photos: Luc Laurent

g.masteroffice16-21 25-07-2001 12:05 Pagina 16


Office designThe workstation and its surroundings (i.e. the whole room) have to bedesigned in accordance with human needs. Particular attention needs to bedevoted to the provision of daylight and the creation of zones for privacyand communication. There are two aspects to sufficient daylight. Firstly, people require aproper link with the circadian cycle (day and night), seasons, weather,nature and the environment. This calls for good visual contact from theworkstation through a window or skylight. It is not possible tocompensate for poor daylight with artificial light, because artificial lightdoes not provide contact with the accustomed cycle of day and night.Furthermore, artificial light during the day makes us conscious of a lack ofdaylight.Daylight has to provide the biologically effective dosage of visibleradiation (particularly in the winter) for workstations that are continuallyoccupied. The necessary illuminances in the visible range have alreadybeen mentioned above. We still lack proper knowledge about the dosagein the ultraviolet and infrared range of the spectrum. It is certain, however,that this spectral range is also necessary for our health. If daylight isregarded in this way, then the majority of office workstations in theindustrialised western nations are undoubtedly ‘underlighted’.Zoned lighting and the warm colour rendering of a table luminaire aregreatly appreciated during transitional hours (mornings and evenings).Only when there is absolutely no more daylight is it desirable to haveartificial light that is so differentiated that the various tasks describedabove can be performed and the lighting can be adjusted to the individualwishes of the user. Controlling light according to criteria other thanpersonal ones will always be regarded by the user as patronising. Forautomatic control of artificial light it is necessary to know the individualwishes of the user. However, these wishes are so diverse that no controlprogramme could do justice to them. Privacy requires that a room or an area of a room should be sufficiently

separate, optically and acoustically, from other workstations and that thereshould be certain rules governing access for others (e.g. having to knock orreport, etc.). The area concerned should be fitted out in a personalisedfashion and should fulfil the requirements of job, activity and personality.In accordance with the individual need for privacy, an office workplaceshould include an area to which people can withdraw in order to work andthink without disruption.Evenly-distributed ceiling luminaires do not create light that is personaland private. Furthermore, light has to be capable of being adjusted toneeds and the different activities in the office. A reduction in the averagelighting level does not affect the privacy of an office. It is only changingfrom uniform to zoned light, from indirect to direct light, or the changing(enlarging or shifting) of the light zones that alters the atmosphere of thelighting. This means that, according to the activity and the needs of the

relation to the window, visual protection, dimming, sun protection,openability of windows, etc.).People have to get the biologically necessary dosage of visible radiation(2000 to 3000 lux 3 to 4 hours per day).Artificial light must not be a substitute for poor daylight; it should onlysupport daylight. Different artificial light is expected in the daytime thanat night.

At night, light has to be soothing, relaxing and restful, in accordance withthe human biorhythm. Together with the way the room is fitted out, artificial light has to createthe appropriate atmosphere (festive, intimate, soothing ...) depending onfunction, activity and mood. It should be possible, moreover, for the userto alter this atmosphere according to needs. Atmosphere is created through:• View to the outside (even at night a window is important)• Diffusion of light in the room (wall, ceiling, floor)• Zoning of the room and the work zone in relation to the other zones• Light and colour patterns (light and luminaire patterns in the room and

on the boundaries of the room) • Design of the luminaires and their integration in the room (type of

luminaire, height of luminous point, dimensions, the way it is mounted,visibility)

The design of any office, including the organisational forms that go with it,should take these needs into account. All the studies on the acceptance of offices in the past decades havedemonstrated that lack of privacy and inadequate daylight (view of theoutside) were the main causes of complaint. It would appear appropriate, therefore, to derive criteria for the design ofoffices from human needs, the eight commandments, and the plan for anew ‘lighting code’.

Desk luminaires are important components forcreating 'private' ambience.

Personal atmosphere with untidiness and chaos.An office with a personal atmosphere. Artificial light ornamentation is a littletoo direct.

user, we need several lighting systems present that can be adjusted to suitthe current activity. Communication is understood here to mean the exchange of informationamong people who are in close proximity to one another and‘communicate’ with one another. Communication via telephone, fax, e-mail, etc. is a separate matter, as is the question whether improvedcommunication via the aforementioned media can fully or partiallyreplace the direct form of communication. What is certain is that all thesemedia permit communication in a more or less reduced form and thatrestricting ourselves to only one of these forms of communication wouldlead to changes of perception and people may be misinterpreted. Thismeans that for direct communication it is necessary to have a place wherepeople meet to talk and negotiate with one another. Depending on thesituation – a simple rendezvous or a company meeting – different placeswill be chosen. Since office work often involves communicating with colleagues, ameeting place should be in the immediate vicinity of the workstations (inthe same room). It should facilitate communication by virtue of its spatialarrangement, its furnishings and its light. The atmosphere and thefurnishings of this place are extremely important. Light can help to createthe right mood and to differentiate the area from the actual workstation. Communication requires that proper recognisability of the faces of thoseconcerned should be created. This calls for very balanced verticalilluminances on people's faces. The correct illuminance on the desk orconference table is by no means a guarantee of clear recognisability offaces. Two rows of strip lighting on or mounted in the ceiling, orsuspended parallel to the frontage, certainly will not create a suitablenegotiating atmosphere. As people often communicate between twoopposite desks, the workstation light also has to meet the requirement for

The importance of a visual link to the outside through a window at different times of year and day andnight.



Office lighting details. Finely distributed light inthe coffered ceiling and architecture-orientedindirect light and direct light for specific zones.

A conference room with a good daylight atmosphere.

good communication light. This requirement for a ‘communicativeatmosphere’ is particularly important in meeting and conference roomsseparated from the workstations. The size and shape of the work room, and its fittings and furnishings, haveto fulfil the personal requirements of the user. It is often thought that, inorder to meet these requirements, it is enough to have an ergonomicdesign of the office chairs and equipment. Even a shabby, poor-qualityfitted carpet or failure to meet personal wishes regarding the furnishingcan result in a lower work performance. Standardised offices withstandardised furnishing that suggests absolute uniformity are certainlynot appropriate for highly specialised, sensitive ‘brainworkers’. Similarly,lighting or furnishing that suggests that ‘economy’ is the basic criterionshows that importance is attached to interests other than the needs of theusers. The personal touch in an office lies not only in the fact that someone hasput up his or her own posters or pictures on the wall or is allowed topersonalise his or her desk to some extent, but in the degree to which theuser of an office personally identifies with the room, the furnishings andthe working conditions. An array of hundreds of offices of the same calibrewith the same furnishing and equipment and the familiar two stripluminaires (reflector grids 1 x 58 W that comply with the BAP standard)parallel to the frontage are not calculated to create a rapport between userand office workstation. Basically, artificial light has to create the right atmosphere for work. To thisend, it should be zoned (clearly noticeable concentration of light) andadaptable to personal needs. In order for light to be ‘personal light’, it isessential that people should be able to dispose over it and be involved inits design. A luminaire, moreover, does not become better by the mere fact that it iscontrolled as a function of daylight. Nor do imitations of daylight cycles inartificial light affect the acceptance of an office workstation, becauseartificial light, however good, shows during the day that the natural light

Lighting design in corridors.A modern administration building with group offices during day ...

is not sufficient or of sufficient quality. A room has to be designed so that it is easy to survey (no dark, visuallyinaccessible areas) and the workstation should make it possible to directone's gaze to the window and to the entrances/exits. Light and ambience should not create an atmosphere of monotony andshould be re-designed at appropriate intervals, since changing attitudesand fashions call for changes to the furnishings and materials.

If one compares the lighting design criteria referred to in this article withcurrent practices, one finds considerable differences. Given the ever-growing importance of the service sector, it would appear to be urgentlynecessary to reconsider current lighting and design practices inworkplaces and to create a working environment that does greater justiceto people. ■

Excellent daylight, the clear ceiling and lightingdesign, together with personal touches in theworkplace design, result in good working

...and night.

Author: Professor Dr. Ing. Heinrich Kramer, General Manager, Licht Design GmbH,Cologne, Germany, and Professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the Rheinische-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany.


TThis new purpose-built office developmenthouses the head office of the HousingAssociation in the North East of England. Takingits name from the three major rivers in the area,the Tyne, the Tees and the Wear, around 100-150employees work from this building. The office building has been designed with twodistinct parts. One half is a large open plan officewith a curved roof, sloping from a height of 8mdown to 3m at the lowest point. The other half ofthe building has been constructed in two levelswhere there are a number of smaller cell offices.


This office lighting solution is flexible, economicaland can adapt itself to fluctuations of the daylightlevel

Projects

The Lighting

The lighting solution for this new office buildinghad to be energy efficient and also complementthe modern design of the building. The cascading ceiling posed a particular designproblem for the lighting of the open plan officearea because of the need to ensure a uniformlighting level, coupled with the requirement thatthe luminaires should be suspended at equaldistances from the ceiling. Three rows of TPS 672 luminaires weresuspended at 3m, 5.5m and 7.5m above the floor.These luminaires allow different types of TL5lamps to be fitted. At the lower level one 35 Wlamp was employed in each luminaire and at thehigher levels one of 49 W. This ensured auniform lighting level in the office and madesure that it was possible to employ visuallyidentical luminaires.A further feature of the sloping ceiling is a high-level south facing roof-light, allowing naturallight to wash over the ceiling down into the openplan office. Because of the varying levels ofdaylight entering the building via the roof-lightand windows, the lighting system had to be ableto respond to this.When the daylight level is low, the use oflighting controls allows the artificial lighting toemulate its effect. Because of the high input ofnatural light, regulating gear and LRL1220

A brand new office building with interestingarchitectural and interior design features in theNorth of England

River of LightThree Rivers Housing Association Office Development, Durham, United Kingdom

Luxsense detectors were used in selectedluminaires.Recessed luminaires, TBS133, were installed inthe smaller cell offices and controlled by theOccuswitch, LRM1050, enabling the user tocontrol the lighting level according to theamount of daylight entering the room. Thissystem also provides automatic presencedetection and auto switch off when staff leavethe office.Ancillary areas were fitted with Europa 2recessed downlights using two 18 W compactfluorescent PL-C lamps. ■

Architect: Chris Perkin, Ryder Co., Newcastle-upon-TyneConsultant Lighting Engineer: Brian Watts, WSPConsulting, Newcastle-upon-TyneLighting Design: Alan Nicholson, Philips Lighting,UK.Electrical Contractor: NG Bailey

Alan Nicholson

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1 The office buildingwas designed in twohalves: a large open-plan office with acurved, sloping roofand a section on twolevels containing anumber of cell offices.

2 Three rows of TPS672 luminaires weresuspended at 3m,5.5m and 7.5m fromthe floor to achieveuniform illumination.

3 Recessed downlightswere used to illuminatethe ancillary areas.

4 A south-facing roof-light allows natural lightto wash over the

h.3rivers 22-23 25-07-2001 12:09 Pagina 22


Concepts

DDaylight is associated with a view, it tells us about the time of day and theweather, and its variations in intensity and colour are stimulating. At thesame time, this dynamic character of daylight forms a challengingopportunity for designers.

Daylight in work environmentsDaylight is highly appreciated in working environments. It does notnecessarily have to be the primary light source. The intention is to letpeople enjoy the benefits of natural daylight.But daylight does have its drawbacks. Direct sunlight, bright clouds andreflective buildings can cause glare and serious discomfort. The interiorshould therefore be shielded from direct sunlight, which can often bediffused or deflected so that only diffuse daylight can enter. Secondly, the luminance ratios in the field of vision must be within certainlimits. Too large, and it will be difficult for our eyes to adapt; too small, andthere will be difficulties in estimating depths and distances. Thirdly, reflections in VDUs should be avoided. The brightness of themonitor screen determines the maximum acceptable brightness of thesurroundings, although modern screens are more tolerant in this respect,and do permit higher daylight levels.

Daylight solutionsA good daylight solution generally calls for more than a simple daylightopening in the façade. Depending on climate, building orientation andenvironment, additional elements may be needed. These additionalelements or adaptations of the daylight opening are generally referred toas daylight systems. Their purpose is to avoid glare, and often to improvethe distribution of daylight in the room in order to avoid large differencesin illuminance. For example, daylight systems can be used to throw morelight on the ceiling, making it brighter and appear higher. This isparticularly important where there is a need to counter the creation of adark ceiling produced by the highly-shielded luminaires which areemployed in conjunction with VDU work stations.Daylight systems range from simple static elements (such as overhangs) toadaptable dynamic elements (such as blinds, but also adaptable glazing),and combinations of these. Good solutions start from exploring the simpleelements first and then adding dynamic elements only where needed (seefigures 1-3).

The Daylight Challenge Laurens Zonneveldt and Ellie de Groot

The natural way of illuminating spaces is tomake use of daylight. The unique feature ofdaylight is that it is not just light but also a vitalsource of environmental information

Most daylight systems will reduce the average level of daylight in theroom, so a combination of too many systems may lead to a larger openingin the façade than is acceptable from the thermal point of view.

Daylight openingThe most important aspect of the daylight opening is its size and location.In the fashionable transparent buildings of today, many lighting problemsare caused by the glazed areas being too large. Without proper shadingthere will be large bright surfaces and back-lighting, and employees willbe inclined to keep the window blinds permanently closed, with the resultthat the transparent building has become completely opaque. (To avoidsurfaces and back-lighting being too bright we advise limiting theluminance of the desk and window to a maximum of 200 cd/m2 and 2000cd/ m2, respectively).Large windows also cause a thermal problem, whichis often solved by using heat-reflecting glazing or foils. These foils formanother visual problem, because they change the colour of the daylightslightly, creating the impression that the world outside is dull and sombre.The position of the opening in the façade is also important. Many goodsolutions make use of a window split into two parts: the upper part is usedto bring light farther into the room, while the lower part provides a view ofthe outer world (see figures 4-7). This type of daylight entry can beintegrated very nicely with artificial lighting that is also split into a directand an indirect component.Dark-coloured elements in the façade, such as dark window frames orshades, should be avoided. This is because contrasts in the facade create‘visual noise’, whereby the eyes have to continually adapt. This is bothtiresome and an unnecessary reason to close the blinds. In general window design practice it is best to have about half the requireddaylight illumination in the worst-case situation (viz. overcast conditions).This gives acceptable window dimensions and avoids many problems dueto over-lit situations.

Adaptations to the constructionThe positioning and design of the fixed elements of daylight systems suchas overhangs and light shelves are based on the solar track across the sky.Orientation and obstructions of the façade are important parameters.These elements can be interior or exterior, for example light shelves;however, most of these systems were originally developed for sunny

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1 Window withoutprotection: directsunlight creates toomuch contrast.

2 Window withoverhang: sufficientresult with high sunpositions but still toomuch contrast at lowersun positions.

3 Window withoverhang andhorizontal sun blinds:good protectionagainst direct sunlight. With correctlamellae positioning asplit of daylight intodownward and upwardcomponents isobtained. The upwardcomponent is broughtinto the room, viareflection on theceiling, at a greaterdistance from thewindow.

i.daylight 24-27 25-07-2001 12:12 Pagina 24


Mediterranean or sub-tropical regions and therefore not particularlyuseful in duller, more northern climates.

Additional elementsThe additional elements comprising the daylight system are indoor oroutdoor solar blinds. In most projects, solar blinds are used to help controlthe indoor temperature. But since they also have an effect on the lighting,we prefer to refer to these elements as glare protection. In office environments, the blinds are mostly either horizontal or vertical.It is preferable to use light, diffusive materials. Dark materials willnegatively affect the luminosity ratio of the façade and reflecting materialswill throw bright spots onto walls and ceiling. The individual stripsmaking up the blinds should be narrow, for the wider the strips, the largerthe undesirable light-dark patterns. Slim, light-coloured, horizontal blindsoffer the best control of brightness and light distribution.

Control of daylight and electric lightingGlare protectionIt is important that each individual employee should be able to close oropen the blinds to suit his or her preference. But no two people are thesame, and they do not perform the same task all day long. So theoreticallyblinds should be as versatile as possible. In practice, however, it is usuallyonly on entering the room that decisions regarding the lighting will bemade: electric light on or off, blinds up or down, closed or open. Onceseated, only very bad lighting situations will make the occupants get up tochange the settings.

Daylight control of electric lightingBy day, it is the combination of daylight and electric lighting thatdetermines the visual comfort in a work environment. And whereas glareprotection can control the ingress of daylight, total control over ourenvironment means controlling the electric lighting as well. Indeed,electric lighting was invented as a supplement to daylight, and this is stillthe best way to handle it. However, when designing the former, the aimshould be to do more than simply look for a solution that that willcomplement the daylight. Good integration between the two will make itpossible to gradually dim the amount of electric light if there is enoughdaylight. Recently, systems for daylight controlled electric lighting havebeen improved considerably and will be of great use in addressing thedaylight challenge described above. ■

Authors: Laurens Zonneveldt, MSc and Dr Ir Ellie H De Groot are researchers in theBuildings and Systems Division at TNO Building Research, Netherlands.

4 Window with large openingwithout a daylight system causesproblems, especially when the sun isshining (L desk >> 200 cd/m2 and Lwindow >> 2000 cd/m2)

5 Screening the high sky is sufficientas long as direct sunlight does notenter the room (L desk < 200 cd/m2

and L window < 2000 cd/m2 )

6 Screening only the high sky is nolonger sufficient when direct sunlightenters the room (L desk > 200cd/m2 and L window >>2000cd/m2)

7 Screening the lower part of thesky is also required when directsunlight enters the room.Nevertheless a direct outside view isstill possible (L desk < 200 cd/m2

and L window < 2000 cd/m2).

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cd/m2

cd/m2 cd/m2

cd/m2

4-7 Luminance measurement plots(with scale at right) andcorresponding photographs.

i.daylight 24-27 25-07-2001 12:12 Pagina 26

TThe Palace of Justice in s'Hertogenbosch, built in1997, has an unusual appearance. This is a resultof the design of the Belgian architect CharlesVandenhove. The building has been constructedin four sections around a central courtyard.There are two main sections, a public area withcourtrooms, and an office block foradministration. Administrative areas are locatedin a block of brick-built sections, whichdominate the surroundings by their height andtheir approx. 100m length. The public spaces inthe building adjoin a spacious central courtyard.The architecture is such that the lighting designhas combined the use of natural light andartificial light in a unique way. Decorating thecomplex are many woven tapestries illustratingthemes related to the activities in the building.


Natural andartificial lightare used in allareas of thebuilding in aunique way

Projects

The Lighting

Public AreaEntering the public area we find ourselves in thecentral hall. This is directly connected to thecourtrooms, which are situated on two levels.Primarily this space is lit with daylight. Toprevent glare from the large façade, the exterioris equipped with horizontal metal slats. In thisway most daylight comes from above, whichgives the space a natural ambience. Additionallighting is supplied by transparent suspendedluminaires.On lower parts of the ceiling where fluorescentlighting is applied, the ‘TL’5 luminaires areperfectly integrated in the concrete construction.Daylight responsive lighting controls areinstalled in the luminaires where necessary.

A building for the public with a design that is trulyperspicuous

In Broad DaylightPalace of Justice, ’s Hertogenbosch, Netherlands

Laurens Zonneveldt

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3

1,2 Constructed in foursections, surrounding acentral courtyard,there are publicspaces, courtroomsand offices in thebuilding.

3 The central hall isprimarily lit withdaylight, giving the

Atelier Kim Zwarts

Atelier Kim Zwarts

j.justice 28-33 25-07-2001 12:42 Pagina 28


The courtroomsThe courtrooms situated on the first level havean ingenious daylight system, which is notnoticed immediately by a visitor. Daylight entersthe room through curved sheds in the roof. Thisdesign directs the daylight to illuminate thejudges’ desk, and very delicate glare protectionhas been applied to prevent any visualdiscomfort for the people looking in thisdirection. Again the artificial lighting isintegrated into the fabric of the building,provided by specially designed conicalluminaires to fit in with the concrete ceilingpanels, using fluorescent lamps.

The office blocksThere are about 600 rooms in this section of thePalace of Justice. Most of these are cell officesand a smaller number are hives. In the corridorsconnecting the offices downlighters are usedwith energy saving compact fluorescent lamps.Walking through this area, the visitor ispleasantly surprised by daylit rooms. Thewindows are well designed, being large and

high enough to supply adequate daylight to theroom. Light coloured window frames andadjacent surfaces ensure that the luminanceratios are reduced. Recent scientific research hasshown that people need higher lighting levels toperform their visual tasks than previouslythought. Artificial lighting in these offices hasbeen designed in accordance with thisknowledge, and is provided by recessedluminaires. Users can set the lighting levelwithin the range from 25 lux right up to 800 luxwith a default level being set at 500 lux.The intention was to give the individual usermaximum control over the lighting and theclimate in the room, to achieve optimum comfortand at the same time ensure the lowest possibleenergy use. This is achieved with an advancedHELIO lighting management system and theexterior sun-screening system used with theextremely flexible LonWorks platform – astandard widely used to build automatic controlapplications. The building was specially selectedto install this system because it has very gooddaylight utilization. This is a prerequisite for

achieving substantial energy savings.The lighting system is controlled through amanual infrared remote system, and automaticdaylight and occupancy sensors. Lighting of the office rooms is achieved utilizingas much daylight as possible. The amount ofdaylight entering the room is controlled by twosystems. Light screens on the exterior façade actas the first system. These screens are controlledfor each façade on the basis of the measuredilluminance on that façade and they are veryeffectively integrated in the façade. The users areable to override the action of the automatedcontrol and may lower or raise the screens infront of their window as they like. The second system consists of horizontalVenetian blinds mounted on the interior of thewindow. These manually controlled blinds maybe used as glare protection and for redirectingsunlight and daylight towards the ceiling. Theslats of the blinds are narrow and are light incolour. Therefore it is possible for the user to stillhave a view through the window when they arein use.

When the lighting is in use, the ceiling mounted‘TL’5 luminaires provide 500 lux on the worksurface. This is the mandatory illuminance levelaccording to Dutch building codes. Through the use of High-Output 49 W lamps theinstallation is capable of providing more than800 lux.Daylight responsive control maintains thelighting at the level selected by the user. This is afeature that is known to make considerableenergy savings, possibly 40-60%, during the timethe electric lighting is in use.When the user leaves the room for more than 15minutes and forgets to turn off the light, thelighting is switched off automatically. Uponreturn the lighting has to be switched on againby the user.

Offices on the top floor are directly under thecurved roofs and these rooms have interestingbowed windows demonstrating again howdaylight can be used to provide sufficient, goodlighting in the office space.

4

5

6

7

7 Corridors connectingthe offices are lit bydownlighters usingenergy saving compactfluorescent lamps PL26W.

8 Light screens on theexterior of the buildingprovide the first sun-screening system.

9 A HELIO lightmanagement system isemployed inconjunction with theexternal sun-screens

5 Most of the 600rooms in the officeblock are cell offices.Windows are large,supplying adequate

daylight to the rooms.

6 Artificial lighting inthe offices can becontrolled by theindividual user and setwithin a range from 25to 800 lux. Each

4 Daylight is used inthe courtrooms.Curved sheds in theceiling direct naturallight onto the judges’desk. If needed the daylight is supplementedwith luminaires using

User support Special training sessions were organised foremployees to increase their awareness of thepotential comfort and energy savings aspectsoffered by the new system. The emphasis wasput on the manual and automatic controlfacilities and also the user-friendly nature of thelighting management and sun-screeningsystems. ■

j.justice 28-33 25-07-2001 12:42 Pagina 30


The benefits of using lighting controls are undeniable. However, factors that are important to one

user may be insignificant to another. So the first step must be to assess the various benefits.

The benefits

Installation savings

Labour is the largest cost. Often it is cheaper to use a lighting control system than conventional

wiring. Lighting is software controlled, so alterations to the switching arrangement by the architect or

client do not result in a re-installation of the lighting installation.

Energy savings

Lighting controls can contribute significantly to energy savings, often producing savings of over thirty

per cent. This is achieved by simply switching lights off or dimming them to a lower output when

appropriate.

Comfort

Lighting controls create visual comfort by giving control to the office workers themselves. Work

performance is improved by using appropriate lighting scenes, for example, for reading, writing,

working at a VDU, conferencing and so on.

Flexibility

Advanced systems employ computer controlled

distributed intelligence. If changes in office

layout are necessary, the switching regime can

be reconfigured using a PC rather than rewiring

the ceiling.

Building management

Building managers can configure automatic control of the lights to suit working patterns. Standard

days, weekends and holiday periods can be set up and managed differently.

Interoperability

Systems based around the Echelon’s LonWorks™ open system technology allow a number of

different building systems to communicate with each other on high level of integration. For example,

occupancy sensors to control both lighting and HVAC, to set activation and stand-by levels.

Building regulations

In many countries, governmental Building Regulations are tailored to promote energy efficiency. The

use of a control system often enables the user to meet these statutory requirements.

Maintenance costs

Sophisticated systems offer automatic monitoring of hours of run-time. This enables lighting costs

and lamp replacement schedules to be calculated.

Service and maintenance

The best system at peak efficiency is one that works without the user being aware of it. A policy can

be established for automatically maintaining the

system, and consideration should be given to

maintenance contracts.

Safety and security

Lighting-control systems can provide

centralized emergency lighting linked to fire

alarm systems to switch luminaires

automatically. With occupancy sensors

becomes a tool to reduce vandalism and theft.

www.ecs-lightingcontrols.philips.com

Chris Holder, ECS Philips Lighting Controls

Lighting controls Use of lighting controls has many advantages compared with conventional wiring.

Lighting is highly flexible, softwarecontrolled and visualised on the VDU

Author: Laurens Zonneveldt, MsC, is working in theDivision Building and Systems of TNO Building andConstruction Research in Eindhoven

The Government Buildings Agency and the Netherlands

Agency for Energy and the Environment commissioned a

research project into the acceptance and cost-effectiveness of

a number of energy saving schemes. This research was

completed by a collaboration of the TNO (research institute

for environment, energy and process innovation), the

Technical University of Eindhoven Building and

Construction Research Centre, and the University of

Maastricht. The project dealt with various issues, including

lighting, and also the response of the users of the systems in

the Palace of Justice.

Architects: Charles Vandenhove and Prudent DeWispelaereTenant and commissioning agent: GovernmentBuildings Agency, Southern Directorate, Eindhoven.Project management: P Hoppenbrouwers, GBA, TheHagueLighting: - design: Charles Vandenhove in cooperationwith Government Buildings Agency - Consultancy:

Becks, Vught, in cooperation with Rogier van Dis andFrans van den Broek, Philips Lighting TheNetherlands - Installation: Frans BosmanElektrotechniek, Soest

8

9

j.justice 28-33 25-07-2001 12:42 Pagina 32

TThe species Homo sapiens appeared on earth around 250 000 years ago andevolved under the daily 24-hour light-dark cycle. Life was dominated by anatural wake/sleep rhythm: active, mostly outside during the day, andresting during the night. During the last couple of centuries this naturalpattern changed rapidly, initially due to the industrial revolution, and thento the subsequent technological inventions, including electric light, andthe move towards the global, 24-hour society.

The biological clock Over the past few decades medical science and research has discoveredthat almost all human physiological and psychological processes exhibitrhythms that are linked to the natural daily (circadian) and seasonal(annual) cycles of light and dark. Earth rotation blueprinted the 24-hourrhythm as a feature of all life on earth. In humans the brain contains theinternal biological clock, which is synchronised daily to the outside clockthrough the medium of ocular light (light passing through the eye). Ocularlight stimuli from the retina result in signals being sent to the variousglands controlling the rhythmic secretion of melatonin, the sleep hormone,and cortisol, the stress hormone (figures 1 and 2). In this way, day/night light patterns control many rhythmic bodyprocesses such as the sleep/wake cycle, alertness, performance, bodytemperature, heart rate, mood, fatigue, and so on. (See also ILR 981, page 26article: ‘not only for your eyes’). And yet, in the present lightingrecommendations and standards covering office work, only therequirements for the visual aspects of the task are considered. Clearly, our lighting needs go far beyond this if our well being and healthare not to suffer. The question is, how serious are the consequences ofworking and living more and more indoors and at more ‘unnatural’ timeswith much less light than is present outdoors, and how can ‘healthy’ lightcompensate for this? Consider a daytime office worker. Any light deficiency might result in thede-synchronisation of the biological clock. The result is that the body and

ilr 011 offices/trends 3534 ilr 011 offices/trends

Light and HealthGerrit van den Beld

Trends

mind prefer to rest, but in reality they need to remain active. This feels like‘jet-lag’ and lowers performance, alertness, sleep quality and in the longerterm, well being and health. Conversely, sufficient light received duringthe natural light period (daytime) synchronises the bio-clock and providesthe direct stimuli needed to function and feel well and healthy. Research projects show that intense light during the day has a positiveeffect on amongst other things alertness, performance, vitality, energylevel and mood. This is more evident in cases researched in the ‘dark’season, where there is less light and short days. Some three per cent of thepopulation suffers from winter depression (Seasonal Affective Disorder orSAD), and the so-called winter blues is quite common. Intensive brightlight through the eye mitigates these feelings and is even the first line oftreatment for SAD.

Healthy lightIt is evident that light is needed to optimise the working of the biologicalclock, with all the benefits that accrue from this. It is a basic need, as is ahealthy diet and good-quality air and water, and one we know little about.But what exactly is healthy light? Research into people’s preferencesregarding lighting in offices reveals a number of interesting facts. Firstly,although we are used to enormous variations in the level and duration ofdaylight, office lighting practice would seem to ignore this. For example,variations range from over 100 000 lux on a sunny day to a few thousandlux on a dark, overcast winter day, and for periods of only a couple ofhours up to more than 20 hours daily. Actual levels are on average 800 luxhigher than that of the incoming daylight, resulting in an overall level inthe order of 1500-2500 lux - about the level of daylight encountered on adark day outdoors. Secondly, just as the spectral composition of daylightshows large variations, so do people prefer variations in the colourtemperature of the artificial light: the higher the overall lighting level, thehigher its colour temperature. Thirdly, daylight is dynamic, and it seemsthat people prefer to be kept aware of this in that they want contact with

the world outside. And finally, it has been shown that there is a widespread in sensitivity, personal preference and lighting needs according tothe age of those questioned. As far as seeing is concerned, our eyes can cope with an extremely widerange of lighting levels: from 0.1 lux to more than 100 000 lux (figure 3).The receptors for the biological system are not known, but there areindications that the green/blue part of the light spectrum is more effectivein achieving the biological effects. This fits in with the fact that it is themorning light, which in nature has a higher colour temperature, thatsynchronises the daily setting of the internal biological clock with theoutside world.

Healthy work lightingCombining medical research, the natural daily cycle and people’spreference, leads to the hypothesis that healthy lighting for daytimeindoor activity can be achieved with lighting levels in the order of 2000 luxfor certain periods of the working day. This should preferably be acombination of daylight and electric light having a relatively high colourtemperature (cool appearance) and a limited degree of movement, theelectric light alone serving to take over when natural daylight fails in thewinter. Although there is convincing evidence from research, such lightingrecipes need to be tested on a larger scale to determine their effectivenessand sustainability. ■

Author: Gerrit van den Beld works in AdvancedLighting Concepts, Philips Lighting Eindhoven.

Most people now work mainly indoors, often in offices. And in all cases the lighting is still basedupon the requirement that whatever the time of day or night, the tasks should be carried outefficiently, safely and with a certain degree of visual comfort. We believe that it is time to takehealth effects into account

18 241262418126 6

Cortisol

Melatonin

Alertness

Bodytemp.

1 Rhythms in humanbeings on a 2x24-hourscale.

2 Visual (red) andphotobiological (blue)pathways between theeye and the brain.

3 Lighting levels underoutdoor daylight andunder artificial light.

1

2

3

100.0

10.00

1.000

100

10

>100 000 1000 LUX

Healthy

Work-

H o me

Out-doo

ELECTRICLIGHT

MOON LIGHT

DAYLIGHT LEVELS

3000 1 LUX

k.health 34-35 25-07-2001 12:58 Pagina 34

HHøjgaard & Schultz, one of Denmark’s largestbuilding contractors, have structured the interiorof their new head office building in accordancewith the New Office Concept of Cell, Club, Hive,Lobby, Meet (see the article on page 44). Aflexible working environment has been created,relating to the different office functions andactivities. Office spaces are characterised byopenness and visibility. To ease communicationand the transfer of information, there are nobarriers between the individual workstations,and there are few single offices. The interiorlandscape is equipped with informal meetingplaces , conference rooms and island meetingtables for easy conversation and discussion. Theimpressive atrium comprises a library,restaurant, café, travel agency, visitors’ pavilionand a Japanese inspired garden, creating a calmand relaxed ambience.


The new domicile of Højgaard & Schultzrepresents their expertise in modern buildingconstruction and architecture, and their styleand image

Light Construction

A specific lighting model, devisedfor the New Office concept, hasbeen applied, creating comfort,ambience and promoting visualactivity

1 Great openness andvisibility characterisethe building. Largeglass windows create adaylight link to theoutside world.

2, 3 The communal areaincludes a library,restaurant, visitors’

pavilion and a Japaneseinspired garden.

4 The building covers atotal of 12 700 m2.There are many open

ProjectsMorten Reimann

1 2 3

4

The Lighting

The lighting solution was based on Philips’recently developed office lighting concept,which corresponds directly to the New Officeconcept. Key qualities of this lighting model,such as promoting visual activity, ambience andcomfort were realised by utilising a variety ofluminaires and light sources. The lighting didbecome a part of the architecture, creating

Photos Philips

l.hogaard 36-39 25-07-2001 13:01 Pagina 36


variation in the illumination and ensuring thatthe lighting in delimited areas was regulatedseparately, in accordance with the overallcontrol. The general office lighting is provided byelegant, recessed luminaires, TBS 630, eachhousing three 14 W TL5 Fluorescent lamps.These luminaires were supplied with special lowluminance optics, D7-60, developed for the TL5fluorescent lamps to minimise direct andindirect glare. To avoid all office areas lookingsimilar, lighting was supplemented with white,wide-beam halogen downlights, QBD 5640,using 45 W Masterline ES lamps. These weremainly used for illuminating artwork, but alsoused as ceiling lighting in a few places. Passageareas in the open plan offices are visuallyemphasised by the luminaires. Downlights with18 W PL-C lamps have been selected throughoutthe remaining areas of the building. Theseluminaires, Point 373 20/15, are fitted with anopal glass plate that yields a fine light, drawingin the ceiling and softening the light. Cell offices only make up a small area on each

5, 7 Corridors areilluminated to 150 luxat floor level.

6 Passage areas in theopen plan offices arevisually emphasised by

the luminaires.

8 Illuminance levels inthe offices are 500 luxon the working plane.

floor. Here each employee has the choice ofwhich luminaire he wishes to use, making itpossible to adjust the lighting according to thetask. The lux levels in the office areas areapproximately 500 lux on the working plane(0.85m above the floor). In meeting rooms thelevel is 200 lux on the working plane and thecorridors are 150 lux at the floor. Dimmable halogen downlights were installed inconference rooms, the lighting is adjustableaccording to the situation, thereby increasing thechoice of presentation possibilities. The creationof atmosphere in the high-ceilinged atrium hasplayed an important part, here there is nogeneral lighting, the lighting level beingdependent upon the amount of daylight. Thelarge glass windows draw in the landscapeoutside, forming a natural connection betweenthe inside and outside space.In most other places the light setting has beenconducted according to functionality, to befitting to various moods. Point lighting ofdifferent kinds has been selected for each area to

promote intimacy in the various spaces. There isno high-seated lighting at all. The system forlighting controls for office areas, service areasand basement was based on Philips Heliolighting control products. Throughout thebuilding the lighting can be controlled to create ageneral atmosphere and can be regulatedindependently in each separate area. Forexample, it is no problem to hold a concentratedproject meeting in the restaurant at the sametime as having a business dinner meeting or acompany presentation in the café. The lightingdesign is completely based on the specific officeactivities and locations. ■

Builder and investor: Nykredit Bank A/S,CopenhagenBuilder and tenant: Højgaard & Schultz A/S,CopenhagenCommissioner: Højgaard & Schultz A/S, CopenhagenArchitect: Dissing + Weitling, CopenhagenLighting design: Morten Reimann and Freddy Degn,Philips Lighting A/S, Copenhagen Denmark andMartin Danmark A/S, ÅrhusInstallation: Højgaard & Schultz A/S, Copenhagen

5

6

7

8

l.hogaard 36-39 25-07-2001 13:01 Pagina 38

TToday, luminaires designed for office lighting must combine an elegantvisual appearance with economical use. Their light distribution must beeffective enough to keep the number of luminaires needed in a given areato the absolute minimum. They must promote the visual comfort ofindividual office workers, which means providing good, even and glare-free illumination on the desktops, however the work area is arranged. Butefficiency of the lighting is not enough, it must also be quick and easy toinstall, and simple to maintain, thereby ensuring low installation costs.

The X-tend series of luminairesOlav Scholte, Product Manager responsible for the series: ‘The luminairesin the X-tend series from Philips Lighting satisfy all the aboverequirements. There are three basic models to choose from, all of whichincorporate the very latest developments in luminaire optics to ensure the

ilr 011 offices/design 4140 ilr 011 offices/design

Design

maximum possible efficiency in use. There is an elongated model, the TCS398 standard, for either one or two ‘TL’D or ‘TL’5 tubular fluorescents, thatcan be mounted on the ceiling or suspended from it. There are two squaremodels, the TCS 398 square and the FCS 398 for either three or four ‘TL’Dor ‘TL’5 lamps or two PL-L lamps, respectively, for surface mounting. Andthere is a second elongated model, the TPS 498, the most sophisticated inthe range, again for one or two ‘TL’D or ‘TL’5 lamps, designed purely forsuspended use.’

New optical systems for office lighting The new optical systems incorporated in the X-tend series of luminaireswere in fact designed quite separately from the housings. Olav Scholte:‘The aim was to develop a superior optical system that could be employedin various ranges of luminaires. The X-tend series of luminaires is the first

Olav Scholte and Jos Stuyfzand, of PhilipsLighting, Winterswijk and of PhilipsDesign, Eindhoven, respectively, areboth members of the X-tend luminairesdevelopment team.

A new series of stylish, easy-to-install luminaires designed for use in office areas. Incorporatingthe very latest in optical systems for optimum visual performance at the desktop, these luminairesare extremely efficient in use and easy to maintain

g

nr. of luminaires

0

15

30

45

60

)2(m20 60 100 140 180

300 lx

500 lx

750 lx

hroom: 2.8 mReflectances: 0.70, 0.50, 0 .20Maintenance factor: 1.0Ceiling mounted

(cd/1000lm)

0-180o 90-270o

0o

180o

30oo30

60oo60

90oo90

120oo120

100

200

300

400

500

γ

q y g

nr. of luminaires

0

10

20

30

40

)2(m20 60 100 140 180

300 lx

500 lx

750 lx

hroom: 2.8 mReflectances: 0.70, 0.50, 0 .20Maintenance factor: 1.0Suspended at h=2.10m

(cd/1000lm)

0-180o 90-270o

0o

180o

60oo60

90oo90

120oo20

150oo150

100

100

200

200

300

300

400γ

400

2.5

2.5

5.0

5.0

7.5

7.5

10.0

10.0

m

m

X

Y

hroom: 3.2 mReflectances: 0.70 0.50 0.20Suspend ed at h=2.10m

: UGR viewed endwise: UGR viewed crosswise

Y : Parallel to viewing direction

1616

1916

1-3 Three luminaires inthe X-tend series:suspended, square, andceiling mounted.

4-6 Coupling piece foradded flexibility.Flexible cable duct forangled lighting.Easy removable coverfor direct/indirectlighting

7 Concave 3-D louvreHigh gloss C6a Contoured sidescreenfor diagonal light anduniformityb Closed top of the

X-tend

to appear on the market with the new optics, but others will follow. As faras its use in offices is concerned, the intention is to achieve an even lightdistribution with good illumination on the desktop, whilst keeping thenumber of luminaires needed to a minimum.’New generation TL optics - compatible with both the ‘TL’D and the ‘TL’5tubular fluorescent lamps - provide the delta-shaped beam needed foruniform light distribution and also ensure a very high light output ratio.Both flat and 3-D lamellae are available. The flat lamellae have been muchimproved by making them curved to restrict the view of the lamp evenfurther. The omni-directional lighting control (OLC) provided by the 3-Dlamellae is particularly effective where the very highest degree of glarecontrol is required, typically in VDU-screen based office environments.

Ergonomic housing Much thought went into the design of the housing. Creating an idealhousing that would be equally suitable for either surface or suspendedmounting was investigated, but this was found to be inappropriate as bothsurface mounted and suspended luminaires have their own specific visualdesign and ergonomic requirements. Jos Stuyfzand of Philips Design: ‘Thedesign requirements are completely different. With surface mounting, youare dealing with a functional ‘light box’ that should offer maximumflexibility, ease of installation and unobtrusive visual appearance. With asuspended luminaire, we strived for visual reduction of the physicalvolume to an almost floating and shallow element to enhance the opennessof the office environment. After considering the visual appearance, thefocus was then to avoid compromising on light comfort - direct andindirect lighting effects included.’

Easy installationThe TCS 398 for surface mounting has been specially designed to makeinstallation as quick and as easy as possible. Instead of having to take theluminaire apart to get at the mounting points, the installer simply removesthe end caps to reveal two mounting holes. The main body of the luminairewith its lamps and optics in situ remains sealed off, so no dust fromdrilling can enter the interior.

Versatile luminaire The elegant TPS 498 suspended wing luminaire can be employed toprovide either direct lighting only, or direct and indirect lightingsimultaneously. With the optional feature of a top-mirror, the lighting canbe directed downwards with even greater efficiency. Here, the choice isbetween either symmetrical or asymmetrical direct lighting. Jos Stuyfzand:‘In some cases, perhaps where the ceiling is too high for the luminaires tobe surface mounted, or for aesthetic reasons, it is preferable to opt forsuspended mounting. The luminaires then become architectural elementsof the working environment. This is where the optional indirect - oruplighting - facility really comes into its own.’

Other featuresThe X-tend series of high-performance luminaires are available with high-frequency electronic or conventional control gear. The series can also be incorporated and used in an emergency lightingsystem and also used with Luxsense for automatic energy-savingdimming when there is sufficient daylight. ■

6

1

54

3

2

light beam polar intensity quantity estimation diagram

light beam polar intensity quantity estimation diagram UGR diagram

7

a

b

c

Direct/indirect C6, D6,M 6optics

material: C6 high glossreflector,3-dimensional D6 semi high gloss

reflectorcross louvre M6 matt reflector

applications: hive, cell, and cluboffices

Examples of optics in the range

Direct optics C6, D6, M6

material: C6 high glossreflector,3-dimensional D6 semi-high gloss

reflectorcross louvre M6 matt reflector

applications: hive, cell, and cluboffices

TL5 TLDLOR 0,79 0,70

diagrams valid for X-tend TCS 398/128 D6

diagrams valid for X-tend TPS 498/128 dir/indir D6

Olav Scholte Jos Stuyfzand

m.x-tend 40-41 25-07-2001 13:03 Pagina 40


A firm of architects, with experience in unusualassignments, was put to the test whenrenovating their own new officeaccommodation

Projects

C

From bank to bureauSchwencke Rosbach Architects, Amsterdam

The Lighting

The initial intention was to have a combinationof direct and indirect lighting provided bysuspended luminaires. The uplighting creates anawareness of the illumination, and also increasesthe apparent height of the rather low ceiling. Thelighting helps to create a sense of spaciousness inthe various office areas. A conscious decision was taken not to employwork-station lighting, as the level of the generallighting was designed to be adaptable,providing well-illuminated work-stations thatcan easily be relocated within the office space,should the need arise. However, there are anumber of lighting accents on the wallsprovided by Mini Mezzo spots.The suspended luminaire employed throughoutfor the general lighting is the TPS 498 modelfrom the X-tend series. These are wide-beamunits, particularly suitable for use in areas wherereflections in computer monitors must be

From the outset, the choice for the lighting was for suspended fluorescent luminairesproviding a satisfying combination of direct and indirect illumination

avoided. They house the TL5 49 W colour 830tubular fluorescent, whose strong white light incombination with the white and violet-tintedwalls give the desired greyish colour effect. The lighting can be dimmed in sections usingwall-mounted manual controls. ■

Architects: Schwencke Rosbach Architects,Amsterdam. Partner of ‘Equator European Architects’ Lighting design: Sandra Bos, - Project coordinationRoeland van Bijnen - Philips Lighting , TheNetherlands together with Schwencke Rosbach

Christof Schwencke and Gerard Rosbachentered into partnership in 1988. Their first officewas in the centre of Amsterdam, but in April thisyear they relocated to newly renovated premisesin the Metropool building.Designed by Arthur Staal, the first two floors ofthe five-storey building previously housed abranch of the ABN AMRO bank. The propertywas divided into a multitude of small, low-ceilinged offices, and as such, it presented thenew occupants with something of a challengewhen it came to creating the spacious interiorthey were looking for. Consequently, many ofthe walls have been removed to provide a top-floor, north-facing work studio, meeting areas,concentration areas, and secretarial areas. Themain entrance is situated on the ground floor,with reception desk, a number of meeting roomsand cell offices.

1, 4 The reception areaon the ground floor.Artificial lighting isprovided by X-tendluminaires, type TPS498, from PhilipsLighting, housing theTL5 49 W colour 830

2

1

3

4

5tubular fluorescent.

2 The distinctive black

exterior of the buildingwith its series ofhexagonal windows.

3 Luminaires for thework-stations aresuspended from the2.7 m-high ceiling,

which is painted whiteimmediately above theluminaires to helpreflect the lightdownwards, theintervening spacebeing covered bysound-absorbing

001041637005

001041637001

001041637012

001041637006

001041637002

n.rosbach 42-43 25-07-2001 13:06 Pagina 42

TThe Philips Lighting Application Centre (LAC) in Eindhoven first openedits doors to visitors in 1991 (see ILR 1991/3). The main purpose of theoffice lighting demonstration was to show how different officeenvironments could be created and to compare them in terms of energyconsumption. This has proved a great success. But the office world is rapidly changing asa result of all kinds of influences. The Internet in particular has had anenormous impact on the way we do our work, and this has impacted onthe organisational structure of businesses. Part-time jobs, teleworking, andflexible work, all have their influence on the interior design and theoccupation of the workplaces. The specific office concept that will berealised in a particular organisation is largely dependent upon the type oforganisation, the autonomy of the employee (working alone, or as part of ateam), the autonomy of the department, and the importance and requiredimpact of internal and external communication. And last but not least, theoffice workers themselves are looking for a pleasant environment in whichto work. So the office is no longer merely a place where you are just present eighthours a day to perform your work. The office is becoming more and morea place where people meet, communicate, work together and make use ofshared facilities.

The new LAC officePhilips Lighting developed a single office model that clearly classified alloffices according to their function (see ILR1998/1). This model enables thelighting and lighting hardware to be defined in order to satisfy therequirements of the organisation in question. The five office functionsdefined in the model, Hive, Cell, Club, Meet and Lobby, provided the basisfor the new design of the LAC office demonstration. Each of the five officefunctions is shown with dedicated lighting solutions ranging fromstandard to advanced.


Concepts

The Philips Lighting Application Centre, theworld’s largest purpose-designed lightingdemonstration facility, can now present thevery latest developments in office lighting

The new office world New office lighting application demonstration facility in

Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Brigitte Liem and Marius Wouters

1

o.lac 44-51 25-07-2001 13:09 Pagina 44


The first major difference in the new office demonstration area involvesthe seating arrangements for visitors. In the past they were seated in atheatre-like environment some distance away from the lighting ‘stage’.Now they are able to sit inside the demonstration itself as if they wereworking in the office concerned. During the main part of the tour, thevisitors are seated around the centrally placed meeting table, from wherethey have a good view over the whole office. From here thedemonstrations are carried out in detail for the various office functions. Avery large number of different lighting solutions are shown for the officeactivities. Visitors are shown how lighting can be used to provide effective functionallighting and also how lighting can help to provide a pleasant workingenvironment. Different lighting levels, accents, contrasts, colourimpression, colour rendering and even the use of coloured light aredemonstrated, as are the lighting effects obtained using lighting controlsystems and the latest luminaires and lamps. The running costs of themany different lighting solutions are also considered. A dynamic show is offered in which the visitor is able to select his or herfavourite lighting setting. A full day in the office can be experienced, fromearly morning until the time we go home. And throughout thedemonstrations, it is shown how architecture, interior design, furnishingsand light can complement each other to enhance the ambience.

Lighting specific office areasMeetThe centrally placed meeting table forms the heart of this demonstrationarea in the LAC. Here the visitor is shown how different forms ofcommunication require different lighting solutions. Diffuse lighting isused for group meetings, where the expression on the faces should bepleasantly visible. Light is focussed on the desk for meetings whereconcentration is the main issue. And a presentation situation where the'audience' has to listen to one speaker (in this case the lighting level is very

MeetAn area with a Meet function is intended for

intensive communications. These areas are set up

for employees who work together and where

communication is essential. Meet is not limited to

specific meeting rooms but includes all areas of

important communication; conference halls,

reception desks, video-conferencing rooms and

the meeting table in a smaller office.

LobbyOffices which are classified under the Lobby

function operate as the passageways connecting

the various areas and departments in an office.

They are used by all employees, but

communications are usually superficial and

relatively unconnected to work. These areas

HiveThe Hive function is named after a beehive as it is

an area full of activity. And, just like a beehive,

individual work is being carried out, but all

activities are part of a single process. Typical

examples of Hive offices include open-plan

administration offices, help desks and call centres.

ClubClub offices combine activities that demand

concentration and communication. Employees

here often work on multi-disciplinary projects in

project teams set apart from other office

organisations, and usually come in the form of

medium-sized open-plan offices with a set up that

CellAn office with a Cell function has a quiet, relaxing

atmosphere, and accommodates employees who

operate individually, carrying out work that

requires a high degree of concentration. Examples

of these offices include those of insurance

1 Overview of theoffice lightingdemonstration. Visitorsare seated around thecentrally placedmeeting table wherethey are able to

experience fully thedifferent lightingsolutions.

2 Meet: In meetingrooms, whereimportantcommunication takesplace, it is particularly

important to get theright lighting at theright moment.Architecture, interiordesign, furnishing andlight all complementeach other.

The five office functions

based on the degree of

autonomy of the employee

and the importance and

essence of communication

are the basis of the new

office demonstration.

Meet Club

Lobby

Hive Cell

– Autonomy

+

–

Co

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unic

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2

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o.lac 44-51 25-07-2001 13:09 Pagina 46


low, but just high enough to keep everyone awake!). There is also theinformal meeting situation for birthdays and celebrations, in whichcoloured light provides an informal atmosphere.

CellIn the LAC demonstration, there are two adjacent Cell offices. One is astandard Cell office, with only general lighting, while the other is a moreluxurious manager’s office, with a split lighting system (viz. generallighting and also task and ambience lighting). Aspects such as flexibility,aesthetics and personal preference/control are demonstrated, and visitorsare shown how the materials and colours employed in the décor also playan important role.

HiveHere, visitors are shown how uniform lighting is desirable so as to affordfull flexibility in the placement and orientation of desks. They are alsoshown how low-brightness luminaires can be employed to avoidreflections in computer screens, and the effect of sun screening andindirect lighting in combination with daylight-linked control systems.

Club It is possible to light a Club area with uniform general lighting, similar tothat usually found in a Hive. However, to really underline the Club conceptwith its dedicated work stations, the lighting systems have been separated.

4 In both the Cell andHive areas, there aresix different luminairesconcealed above theceiling in rotatingdrums to provideexamples of thedifferent lightingsolutions.

5 Cell: Free, floor

standing and wallrelated up-lights makethe room appear veryspacious.

6 Cell: The moreluxurious cell has alighting systemconsisting of generallighting, suspendedtask lighting and alsoaccent lighting, tocreate a stylishatmosphere, in keeping

with the office interior.

7 Cell: A traditionaloffice lighting solution,applying luminaireswith high brightness,resulting in a diffuseatmosphere.

8 Cell: Efficient low-brightness luminaireswith a delta-shaped

4

5

6

7

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o.lac 44-51 25-07-2001 13:09 Pagina 48


The workstations and the space are illuminated. With architecturallighting in the form of coves, it is shown how a brighter, higher and biggerspace can be created, with accents providing the correct visual ambience.

LobbyThe Lobby is a place which can be used to relax in. The lighting of this typeof area can help to create a place where people feel comfortable. Usinglighting control systems, different atmospheres can be created to suit thedifferent times of the day. ■

Concept and Lighting Design: Marius Wouters, Brigitte Liem, and Marike deKruiff, LiDAC, Philips Lighting.Interior Design and Architecture: Ineenontwerp Interior design consultancy,Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Authors: Brigitte Liemand Marius Wouters areoffice lighting designersfrom the Indoor LightingDesign team of thePhilips Lighting Designand Application Centrein Eindhoven.

9 Hive: Real windowsshow how daylightinfluences theappearance of theoffice during the day.Depending on theamount of daylight,artificial lighting isadapted to realise theoptimum balancebetween naturaldaylight and artificiallight. When there is

little or no natural light,artificial light is used tosimulate the effect ofthe sun.

10 Hive: Theappearance ofuniformly furnishedoffice spaces with

general lighting can beenhanced by additionalfree, floor standing, up-lighting which can beswitched on and offaccording to thepreference of theindividual.

11 Club: An examplewith general lightingonly. Walls appearrather dark and thespace seems small witha low ceiling. Althoughthe lighting level on the

desks is according tothe norms, this lightingsolution does not dojustice to the Clubphilosophy.

12 Lobby: The Lobbyexpresses the image ofthe company,therefore it makes theperfect place to usedecorative lightingsolutions.

13 Club: In the Club

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1

1

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o.lac 44-51 25-07-2001 13:09 Pagina 50

Office concepts are all to do with personality and quality. Consultancy for interior architectureand exhibition design, Ineenontwerp (In one design) designs office activity-related spaces,

matching them closely to the needs of both personnel and of the customer

EEstablished in 1988 as an interior architectural agency, Ineenontwerp havenow built up extensive experience in developing innovative officeconcepts. The three partners, Ank van der Meer, Franke van den Broek andEveline Hinfelaar work alongside six interior architects. Their dedicatedoffice designs are brought to completion by an experienced core team ofspecialists, designers, drawers and a building construction manager.

One of their latest designs has been the renovation of the Office LightingDemonstration Space in the Philips Lighting Application Centre (LAC),Eindhoven. A perfect match between interior office design and lighting hasbeen described in the article The new office world on page 44.

Ineenontwerp: ‘Offices used to be dull rooms, desks and corridors. This liesfar behind us, because new developments call for specific solutions. Nowadays office organisations form the internal ‘thinking core’ of many


Conceptual Office Design

Concepts

companies, and there is a need to demonstrate this to parties outside theorganisation, as this core represents the values and standards of thecompany.In recent years the diversity of activities and functions within an office hasincreased. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) willsimplify the sharing of knowledge, extend team working and reduce thedependence on a fixed location of the workplace. The increasing numberof employees working outside the office leads to the function of the officebecoming a meeting place for all employees. And it is increasingly evident that customers, visiting the office, aresensitive to the right image and are willing to give their custom to acompany that they feel confident with.’

‘These developments have led to a number of new aims within the officeorganisation, both communicative and organisational.

Communicative aims - To offer employees an inspiring, open, team-oriented work

environment, with respect for the need for concentration.- To further the enthusiasm and self-confidence of the employees.- To reinforce job satisfaction.- To make the internal culture and corporate identity of the company

tangible, and to stimulate this by means of an appropriate image.

Organisational aims- To optimise the interior according to the work done. - To offer ultimate functionality at every workstation. - To offer suitable conditions and space for specific tasks such as work

requiring concentration, communicating, telephoning and meetings. - To provide flexibility in ICT infrastructure, office furniture and layout.

Cell offices fit where the employees have individual tasks to perform, butisolation is not good where teamwork is important. Extensive officelandscapes are, however, not automatically to be preferred to a cell officeas there are many tasks which require concentration. In new, or recently merged organisations, the physical layout of an officemay even function as a driving force in stimulating a process of change.Then the conscious choice for an open office structure can support a newclose organisational structure.’

‘The solution lies in a division of the personal space versus communalspace. Informal places for consultation with colleagues can be situated atrefreshment points and near to printing and copying facilities. Workingareas themselves will then be relieved of such activities. The old pattern ofcell offices, with aisles did not lend themselves to a short informal chat or aplanned meeting. Contemporary office designs offer more opportunity toseparate concentration and communication. By adding some single-person concentration areas and a number ofsmaller meeting rooms, completes the range of concentration andcommunication levels.’‘The layout of communal and open communication areas may besomewhat more relaxed. Interior design and the lighting need to adhere to

1 Colours, light,acoustics and spatialproportions are allaspects that influencethe way peoplefunction. Lighting is akey tool to create the

less stringent ergonomic requirements than in the individual and closedconcentration spaces. This unconsciously stimulates and controls eitherformal or informal patterns of behaviour. We are convinced that the somewhat higher level of investment that isneeded to realise such an office is reimbursed in the form of heightened jobsatisfaction, and with it the increased enthusiasm of the employees. Colours, light, acoustics and spatial proportions are all aspects thatinfluence the way people function. Lighting is a key tool to create thedesired atmosphere. Interior designers consider the lighting of a space asone of the most important and integrated parts of the office. Manipulatingthese aspects in the correct way can certainly be advantageous to acompany.’

‘A good office is one that suits the organisation it accommodates. Theimpression given to customers must reflect the exact corporate identity. No single office can be copied. Forced imposition of something new doesnot work and something should not be modern or beautiful just for thesake of it. An office should offer employees a personal atmosphere and quality; andthis same quality you should display to your clients.’ ■

Ineenontwerp interior

design consultancy is a

member of BNI (the

Professional Association of

Dutch Interior Architects)

and BNO (the Professional

Association of Dutch

Designers) and is situated

in Rotterdam, The

Netherlands.

www.ineenontwerp.nl

1

2

3

desired atmosphere.

2 The open spatialstructure of an officearea must certainly besuitable for many tasks

that need aconsiderable degree ofconcentration.

3 The increasingnumber of employeesworking from a

Managing partners: Ank van der Meer, Eveline Hinfelaar and Franke van den Broek

Interior designers consider the lighting as one of the most important and integrated parts of the office-space.“ ”

Photos PCM Interactieve Media

p.dia 52-53 25-07-2001 13:17 Pagina 52

54 ilr 011 offices/projects

A look at some of the more attractive lobbiescurrently being created in the office world

Projects

Imaginative lobbies

comfortable, even without the help of daylight.The use of dynamic lighting scenes andcolourful schemes by means of interactivelighting control systems can realise extra effectsrelating to the required atmosphere. In the end itis the creativity of the architect and the lightingdesigner working together that determines thesuccess or otherwise of the lobby. Their creationmust help to provide a window, both literallyand metaphorically speaking, through whichthose entering will be able to gain a first insightinto the image that the company wishes toproject. ■

1 IXL CorporateHeadquarters, Atlanta,Georgia. Lightingdesign: Sylvia Bistrongof ISP Design Inc.,Miami, Florida.For architecturalemphasis, the firstceiling zigzag isilluminated by 4200 Kcold-cathode dischargelamps by CathodeLighting Systems.Architects: ARQ(Architectonica) ofMiami, Florida.

2 IBM E BusinessInnovation Centre,London, UK. Lighting design:Jonathan Speirs and

Colin Ball of Speirs andMajor Ltd, London.Think Tank 1. Thisglass, egg-shaped areawith beanbags andcomfy chairs is usedfor rapid brain-storming sessions.Fifteen 250 W colour-change projectors aresemi-recessed behindceiling downstand,casting light ontoangled glass surface.Central area spotlit bysix 12 V/65 W halogenspots that can takecoloured filters andgobo patterns ifrequired.

1

2

2 3

4

The selection of lobbies presented made the final round in the

18th IALD Annual International Lighting Design Awards

2001

WWhat is a lobby? As far as office buildings areconcerned, a lobby is that space that is notdirectly associated with the office function itself.It is the space where people enter the buildingand where visitors meet with those working inthe building. But a lobby has another veryimportant function: it is the interface betweenthe world outside and the various workingareas. It acts as the company’s showpiece, theplace where visitors gain their very firstimpression of the company, its status, and whatit stands for.And what is particularly noticeable in recentyears is that the lobbies in office buildings aregetting larger. It is no longer just anuninteresting corridor of limited size, but aspacious, well-designed area with suitable,carefully located sitting areas where staff canreceive guests and put them at their ease incomfortable surroundings.Indeed, a lobby owes much of its success to itsarchitecture and interior décor, but without well-designed lighting, even the most prestigious oflobbies will fail to impress. The lighting of alobby starts with the lighting of the walls and thevarious architectural elements, particularly thevertical surfaces, for it is these that determinehow the lobby will be perceived. Only when thishas been done to satisfaction, can the lightingdesigner proceed to add general lighting tobring levels up to the rather high values neededto ensure that those using the lobby will feel

Information provided courtesy of: IALD -International Association of Lighting Designers, The Merchandise Mart, Suite 11-114A, 200 WorldTradeCenter, Chicago, IL 60654 USA. e-mail [email protected]

Photo Colin Ball

Photo Colin Ball

Photo Nick Merricj, Hedrich Blessing

Photo Tom Bonner Photography

q.lobbies 54 25-07-2001 13:20 Pagina 54

4 Ground ZeroAdvertising Agency,Marina del Rey,California. Lighting design: E TealBrogden and LeNguyen of Horton LeesBrogden LightingDesign, Culver City,California.At the perimeter, the‘jelly jars’ havecoloured lamps and

ilr 011 offices/projects 55

Philips has extended the options and possibilitiesof 'TL'5 recessed luminaires. In addition to thesuccessful ‘Best-in-Class’ solutions, Philips nowoffers a complete range of ‘Best-Buy’ solutions,which means that you can take advantage of'TL'5’s superior performance and aesthetic elegance in a whole new range of more cost-conscious applications.Clearly the best choice.

Please ask your local Philips representative for more information.

Widest choice in 'TL'5 recessed luminaires

TBS 630TBS 600

b.cover2-3DE-inside 25-07-2001 11:44 Pagina D

ILR 011:OFFICES

Atelier Kim Zwarts

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offices - Światło i oś · pdf fileilr 011 offices /projects 55 philips has extended the...

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