ogt intervention - biology building...
TRANSCRIPT
Ecology
The study of relationships between living organisms and their environment
Ecosystem- All of the organisms in an area and the
nonliving factors (abiotic) Terrestrial-land (forest, grassland, desert, taiga,
tundra) Aquatic-water (fresh water and marine/oceans)
Organization
Biosphere-portion of Earth that supports life
Ecosystem-Interaction of plants and animals and the biotic factors
Community-All the populations of species living in the same place at the same time
Population-All one species Organism-One living thing
II. Levels of organization
Organism – complete living thing
Populations – members of the same species living in the same environment.
Communities – members of different species living in the same environment.
Ecosystem – studies the interactions of the communities and the abiotic factors
Biotic/Aboitic
Biotic-Living things Abiotic-Non living
Ex) Temperature Water Soil Minerals Sunlight Oxygen Many organisms have a “range of tolerance”. The amount of
change they can withstand. No set requirements.
1. Density-dependent factors
Disease Competition Parasites Food availability Larger and closer a
group is the greater the effect.
Density-independent factors
Most are abiotic Temperature Disasters: floods,
storms, drought, pollution
Succession
After a natural disaster…how the species of plants and animals return to an area.
Usually secondary succession Primary succession has to make soil
Interactions
Predation-Predator captures and kills its prey
Natural Selection has allowed both to develop adaptations Ex) Predator-Wolves with sharp teeth Ex) Prey-camouflage
Parasitism
A parasite feeds on a host. Usually the parasite does not kill the host (not immediately)
Ex) tics (endoparasites-inside the host)
Mutualism And Commensalism
Mutualism - Cooperative relationship where two or more species mutually benefit.
Ex) bees and flowers Commensalism - One-sided relationship.
One species benefits with out harming the other species
Competition
When 2 or more species share similar characteristics and require the same resources they compete.
Alien species- non-native species, reproduce out of control because they have no natural predators
Carrying Capacity
The population of a species that an area will generally support
Usually there is equilibrium-a balance among species
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Autotrophs - “Automatically” make their own food Producers Plants-that can make their own food by
photosynthesis Heterotrophs - Cannot make their own food. Animals must obtain food
Herbivores-plants Carnivores-meat Omnivores-Both
Food Chains
Shows the flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem
Very simple Shows one organism eating another
Food Web
More complex, show all possible feeding combinations
Still shows the flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem
Water, carbon and nitrogen also flow through an ecosystem in the same way as a food chain or food web.
Trophic levels
Energy that is lost is lost as heat
Tertiary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Producer
Global Warming
Burning of fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide and water form a “blanket” holding in heat
Less heat can escape leading to the greenhouse effect
Ozone Layer
Ozone absorbs the suns UV rays Without ozone, the UV rays would lead to
genetic mutations in all living cells CFC’s break down the ozone layer
Pesticides
Poisonous chemicals to help control insects, but they become part of the water and soil harming other living things
Pesticides
Bioaccumulation – Taking in pollutants and accumulating them in the body
Biomagnification – Pollutants get more concentrated the further up the food chain it gets.
Bioaccumulation vs Biomagnification
Bioaccumulation vs. Biomagnification - a poem by Lindsey
For bioaccumulation let's look at the word accumulate, It is what would have happened to that fish upon your plate.
As the fish consumed mercury it built up over time, And soon the fish's bloodstream was filled with silvery slime.
Biomagnification sounds like magnifying glasses, And it is when the mercury through each organism passes.
When a big fish eats a little fish to the big fish the mercury flows, And as you move up the food chain the mercury concentration grows.
Environmental Problems
Loss of Natural Resources Renewable resources-forests and water Nonrenewable resources-oil and coal
Destruction of Natural Habitats Humans destroy the habitat Biodiversity-the diversity of different species
(not individuals)