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OHIO VALLEY HISTORY Volume 4, Number 4, Winter 2004

A Journal of the History and Culture of the Ohio Valley and the Upper South, published in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louisville, Kentucky, by Cincinnati Museum Center and The Filson Historical Society, Inc.

Contents

Cover: Entrance of the Fifty-fifth

Political Culture and the Origins of a Party System in the Southern Ohio Valley: The Case of Early National Tennessee, 1796-1812 Kristofer Ray

“For the Sake of the Songs of the Men Made Free”: James Speed and the Emancipationists’ Dilemma in Nineteenth-century Kentucky Jennifer Cole

The Ties That Bind: James H. Richmond and Murray Teachers College During World War I1 Jennifer Wbitmer

Review Essay James J . Holmberg

Massachusetts

Charleston, an example Regiment into Reviews

of USCT The Filson Historical Society Announcements

3

27

49

68

71

80

84 Index

W I N T E R 2 0 0 4 1

Contributors KRISTOFER RAY is Assistant Editor at the Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series project at the University of Virginia, where he is also a lecturer. He received his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2003. His dissertation was titled “Progress and Popular Democracy on the Southwestern Frontier: Middle Tennessee, 1790-1824.”

JENNIFER COLE is an M.A. candidate in Library and Information Science, specializing in Archives and Records Management, at the University of Pittsburgh.

JENNIFER WHITMER is an M.A. candidate in History at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.

JAMES J. HOLMBERC is Curator of Special Collections at The Filson Historical Society.

2 O H I O V A L L E Y H I S T O R Y

Index to Volume 4

OHIO VALLEY HISTORY 2004

“’Beneath the Golden Stairs’: Gender, Unionization, and Mo- bilization in World War I1 West Virginia,” by Kevin Barksdale, (1) 1, 21

“’Fairly launched on my voyage of discovery’: Meriwether Lewis’s Expedition Letters to James Findlay,” edited by James J. Holmberg, (3) 1-2, 19

“’For the Sake of the Songs of the Men Made Free’: James Speed and the Emancipationists’ Dilemma in Nine- teenth-Century Kentucky,” by Jennifer Cole, (4) 1, 27

“’The Gateway to the South’: Regional Identity and the Lou- isville Civil Rights Movement,” by Tracy K’Meyer, (1) 1 , 4 3

“’This Terrible Conflict of the American People’: The Civil War Letters of Thaddeus Minshall,” by Lisa Brady, (1) 123

“Aesthetic Movement,” (1) 67-68 “Black History Project,” (1) 77 “Black Laws” (Ohio), (3) 41 “Border Slave State Emancipation Convention,” (4) 39 “Cincinnati Looks West,” (1) 70 “Corps of Discovery,” (3) 19,22,24-25 “Cult of True Womanhood,’’ (1) 4-5, (3) 50 “gender division of labor,” war and, (1) 22 “Great American Desert,” (3) 3011 “Harvest Dance,” by Joseph Henry Sharp, (1) 70 “Henry Bellows Interviews Hiram Powers,’’ edited by Kelly F.

“Kentucky Fugitive Slave Data Base,” (2) 65 “long hot summers” (1968), (1) 54 “March to the Sea,” (1) 4 “Mississippi attitudes,” (1) 47 “Murder in the Classroom: Privilege, Honor, and Cultural

Wright, (3) 1-2,49

Violence in Antebellum Louisville,” by Ann Hassen- Pfl% ( 2 ) 1, 5

“Old Northwest,” (3) 45 “Out of School, Out of Work: Youth, Community, and the

National Youth Administration in Ohio, 1935-1943,” by Kevin Bower, (2) 1, 27

“Political Culture and the Origins of a Party System in the Southern Ohio Valley: The Case of Early National Tennessee, 1796.1812,” by Kristofer Ray, (4) 1, 3

“Renegade Apaches,” by Henry Farny, (1) 70 “Resistance on the Border: School Desegregation in Western

Kentucky, 1954-1964,” by David L. Wolfford, (2) 1 , 4 1

Exhibition at Kent State University Museum,” by Kim Gruenwald, (1) 1, 61

“Review of ‘Fashion on the Ohio Frontier, 1790-1840,’ an

“Review of ‘The Cincinnati Wing: The Story of Art in the Queen City,’ a Permanent Exhibition at the Cincinnati Art Museum,” by Paul Breidenbach, (1) 1, 64

“right of labor” ideology, (4) 33 “right of property” ideology, (4) 33 “sex-typing,’’ war and, (1) 22 “Space and Place on the Early American Frontier: The Ohio

Valley as a Region, 1790-1850,” by Kim M. Gruen- wald, (3) 1-2, 31

“The Art of Survival: Moravian Indians and Economic Ad- aptation in the Old Northwest, 1767-1808,” by Maia Conrad, (3) 1-3

“The Last of the Herd,” by Henry Farny, (1) 70 “The Ties That Bind: James H. Richmond and Murray

Teachers College during World War 11,” by Jennifer Whitmer, (4) 1 ,49

“true woman,” (1) 4 “Venetian Lace Makers,” by Robert Frederick Blum, (1)

“Western Country,” ( 3 ) 31, 35-36,40,42,45 331d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, (1) 3-20

69-71

A A Citizen-Soldier’s Civil War: The Letters of Brevet Major

General Alvin C. Voris (2002), edited by Jerome Mushkat, (1) 79-81

(2001), by Charles C. Cole, Jr., (2) 63-64

tion, 1760-2892 (2003), by Marion B. Lucas, (1)

A Fragile Capital: Identity and the Early Years of Columbus

A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From Slavery to Segrega-

77-78 A History of Jonathan Alder: His Captivity and Life with the

Indians (2002), by Henry Clay Alder, (1) 74-75 A Strike Like No Other Strike: Law & Resistance during the

Pittston Coal Strike of 1989-1 990 (2002), by Richard A. Brisbin, Jr., (3) 90-91

Abolitionist movement, in the Western Country, (3) 40-41 Abrams, Elliot, (4) 72 absenteeism, (1) 34 activists, civil rights, (1) 46-47, 50-51, 54, African Ameri-

can, (1) 46,49, white, (1) 46,49, liberal, (1) 49, in Louisville, (1) 55

Adams, John Quincy, (3) 57, 62, 64 Adams, John, (4) 9 Adams, Luther, (3) 90 Address to the Non-Slaveholders of Kentucky, (4) 32-34 African American, (1) 14,44-52, (2) 41-62, aldermen, (1)


44, 55, state representatives, (1) 44, voters, (1) 44-45, community leaders, (1) 47, 50, 58, community, (1) 55, activists, (1) 46,49-50, 54, artists, (1) 65, settlers on Ohio frontier, (1) 62, and slavery in Kentucky, (1) 77-78, women, (2) 31-32, men, (2) 32, as freedmen, (2) 42, and lynching, (2) 42, and education, (2) 43-44, and school integration in Kentucky, (2) 47-62, and apathy on integration, ( 2 ) 50, and the Underground Railroad, (2) 64-65, religious experience of, (2) 72-73, part of Western Country, (3) 40-41

African Methodist Episcopal Church, (2) 72-73 agriculture, during Civil War, (1) 15, plow, (3) 10,13, Euro-

Akron, Ohio, (2) 35 Alabama, (1) 55 Albany, New York, (3) 38 Albemarle County, Virginia, (3) 21 Alder, Henry Clay, A History oflonathan Alder: His Captiv-

ity and Life with the Indians (2002), (1) 74-75 All-American City Award, (1) 53-54 Allen, Alfred, (2) 23 American Federation of Labor (AFL), (1) 21,25 American Freedman’s Inquiry Commission, (4) 37 American Impressionists, (1) 67 American Institute of Teachers, (2) 17 American landscape, (3) 65 American Municipal League, (1) 53-54 American Peace Society, (2) 6-7 American Republic, (1) 76 American Revolution, (1) 73-74, (3) 32, 37, 45-46 American Tobacco Company, ( 2 ) 42 American West, (3) 25 Americans, Victorian, (3) 49 An Address to the People of Kentucky on the Subject of

Emancipation, (4) 32 Appalachia, and Memphis Tennessee Garrison, (2) 70-71 Appalachian Mountains, (1) 63 Appleton’s ]ournal, (3) 51 Arkansas, (2) 6, 15 Army and Navy “E” Flag, (1) 31, 34 Army of the Ohio (later Army of the Cumberland), (2) 65-66 Army Signal Corps, United States, (4) 54 Army Specialized Training Program, (4) 57 Aron, Steven, (1) 74 Art Academy (Cincinnati), ( 1 ) 67 art-carving, in Cincinnati, (1) 68-69 Atlanta & Chattanooga Railroad, (1) 13 Atlanta Campaign, (1) 1711 Atlanta, Georgia, (1) 46, 51

pean system of, (3), 13

backcountry, historians of the, (1) 63 Bail, Alec, (1) 37 Baird, Rebecca J., (1) 87 Ballard, Judge Bland, (4) 44 Baltimore, Maryland, ( 3 ) 35

Bardstown, Kentucky, (4) 28 Barkley, Alben, (4) 52,57-58 Barksdale, Kevin, “’Beneath the Golden Stairs’: Gender,

Unionization, and Mobilization in World War I1 West Virginia,” (1) 1 ,2 ,21

Baroque style, (3) 49 baseball team, in Louisville, (1) 47 Beard, James, (1) 66 Bellows, Henry W., (3) 49 Belote, Jack, (4) 57 Benigna, Anna, (3) 8 Bentley, Anna Briggs, (3) 81 Benton, Thomas Hart, (4) 15-17 Bickley, Ancella R., and Lynda Ann Ewen, eds., Memphis

Tennessee Garrison: The Remarkable Story of a Black Appalachian Woman (2001), (2) 70-71

Big Bone Lick, Kentucky, (3) 29n Billings, Dwight B. and Kathleen M. Blee, The Road to

Poverty: The Making of Wealth and Hardship in Ap- palachia (2000), (1) 85-87

Bingham, Barry, (1) 52 Birmingham, Alabama, (1) 43,46, 51, and race relations, (1)

Bissonette, Anne, 61-63 Black Patch Wars, (2) 42 Black Power on Campus: The University of Illinois, 1965-75

black suffrage, (4) 43 Blackmore, George, (4) 9 Blackwell, Benjamin Titus, (1) 62 Bledsoe’s Station (Tennessee), (4) 6 Blight, David W., (2) 64 Bliss, Eugene, (3) 21 Bliss, Josiah, (2) 9, 18 Blondin, (1) 10-12, 18n Blount, William, (4) 6-8, 11 Bluegrass state, (1) 73, (2) 56 Blum, Robert Frederick, (1) 67, 69-71 Board of Aldermen, Louisville, (1) 56 Board of Education, Louisville, (1) 48-49 Board of Regents, (4) 59 Board of Trustees and Teachers of the Private and Public

Bond, Julian, (2) 77 Boone County, Kentucky, (2) 80 Boone, Daniel, (1) 73 Boonesborough, (1) 73 Boott, Elizabeth, (1) 67 border city, (1) 45 ,57 border state, (2) 60, (4) 27, 37, 45 Bower, Kevin, (2) 1-3,27, “Out of School, Out of Work:

43, 51, and housing segregation, (1) 54

(2003), by Joy Ann Williamson, (2) 74-75

Schools in Louisville, (2) 11

Youth, Community, and the National Youth Adminis- tration in Ohio, 1935-1943,” (2) 1, 27

Bowling Green State Street School (Kentucky), (2) 44 Bowling Green, Kentucky, (1) 1711, (2) 42, (2) 52,54, 58-59 boycott, in Cincinnati, (1) 65 Braden, Anne, (1) 49, (2) 75-77

W I N T E R 2 0 0 4 85

I N D E X T O V O L U M E 4

Braden, Anne, The Wall Between (1999), (2) 75-77 Brady, Lisa, “’This Terrible Conflict of the American People’:

The Civil War Letters of Thaddeus Minshall,” (1) 1, 2 ,3

Bragg, Confederate General Braxton, (4) 73 Branch Rickey in Pittsburgh: Baseball‘s Trailblazing Gen-

eral Manager for the Pirates, 1950-1 955 (2000), by Andrew O’Toole, (4) 78-79

Breckenridge, John, (2) 42 Breidenbach, Paul, “Review of ‘The Cincinnati Wing: The

Story of Art in the Queen City,’ a Permanent Exhibi- tion at the Cincinnati Art Museum,” (1) 1, 2, 64

Brisbin, Richard A., Jr., A Strike Like No Other Strike: Law & Resistance during the Pittston Coal Strike of 1989- 1990 (2002), (3) 90-91

Britania Cups, (1) 5 Brown u. Board o f Education (1954), (1) 48, (2) 41,45,59,

(2) 76 Brown, Curlee, (2) 43,52 Buell, (Union) General Don Carlos, (1) 6, (4) 73 Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show, (1) 70 Buffalo, New York, (3) 15 Bunch-Lyons, Beverly A., (2) 71 Burgess, Edith, (1) 35 Burnett, Gilbert, (1) 47 Butler, Noble, (2) 7 Butler, William H. G., (2) 5-26, murder of, (2) 5, background

of, (2) 6-7, ideas on corporal punishment, (2) 8,22- 23, altercation with Matthew F. Ward, (2) 9-11, image of as teacher, (2) 18-22, deference and, (2) 19-20

Byers, Rev. Captain, (1) 8

C Cadet Club, (4) 62 Cairo, Illinois, and race relations, (1 ) 43 Calhoun, John C., (3) 64,67-68 California, (3) 65, Gold Rush in (1849), (3) 42 Calloway County, Kentucky, (4) 49 Camp Nelson, Kentucky: A Civil War History (2002), by

Richard D. Sears, (4) 74-75 Campbell, Arthur, (4) 7 Campbell, David, (4) 7, 12 Canada, (3) 4, 6, 9, 11, 13-14, 16 Canova, Antonio, (3) 67, 78n, his Perseus, (3) 67, his Pau-

Canton, Ohio, (2) 35 Capitol, of the United States, (3) 72 Carmichael, Omer, (1) 49 Carolinas campaign, (1) 4 Carrolton, Ohio, (2) 37 Cartoon Library and Archives at Ohio State University,

Catholic Church, (1) 66, in Murray, Kentucky, (4) 63 Cave Hill Cemetery (Louisville), (2) 11 Census, 1950, (1) 44 Central State University (Ohio), (2) 72

line, (3) 67, his Washington, (3) 67

(2) 81

Chafe, William, (1) 22 Chandler, Governor Happy, (2) 51, 57, (4) 58 Charleston, West Virginia, (1) 26, (3) 15 Chattanooga, Tennessee, (1) 4, 1711, (2) 66 Cherokees, (4) 4-5, 8 Chicago, Illinois, and housing segregation, (1) 54 Chickamauga Creek (Georgia), (1) 4, 17n, (2) 66 Chickamaugas, (4) 4-5, 8 Chidlaw, Paul, (1) 71 Chillicothe, Ohio, (1) 3-4, 10, 12, 16-19 China trade, (3) 34 Chippewas, (3) 10, 14 Christian Century, (1) 56 Christian piety, (3) 49 Christianity, (3) 55, 70 Christmas, (1) 5 Cincinnati Art Museum, (1) 64-72 Cincinnati Commercial, (2) 24 Cincinnati Daily Columbian, (2) 13 Cincinnati Gazette, (2) 17 Cincinnati Heritage Program, (2) 80 Cincinnati Museum Center, (2) 80, (3) 92 Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati Historical Society

Cincinnati Pottery Club, (1) 69 Cincinnati Recreation Committee, (2) 34-35 Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame, (2) 68 Cincinnati Seminar on the City, (3) 92 Cincinnati Wing, (1) 64-72 Cincinnati, Ohio, (1) 5, (2) 9, 33-34, (3) 20-22,25, 28n,29n,

Library, (3) 19-28, 50

33-34, 37-38,40,43-45, 58-59, 62, (4) 18, and race relations, (1) 43, as midwestern city, (1) 47, National Youth Administration in, (2) 33-34, and art production, (1) 64-65, wealthy art patrons of, (1) 64, civic pride of, (1) 65, as frontier outpost, (1) 66, middle class in, (1) 68, German-American heritage of, (2) 77-78

Cincinnati: From River City to Highway Metropolis (2003),

Cist, Charles, (1) 70 City Railway Company (Louisville, Kentucky), (4) 44 Civil Aeronautics Administration, (4) 57 Civil Rights Act (1964), (2) 59 Civil Rights Act, Kentucky (1966), (2) 60 civil rights era, (1) 43, 46, (2) 41 civil rights law, (1) 50, 52 civil rights leaders, (1) 50-51, 53 civil rights movement, (1) 45, 55 civil rights ordinances, (1) 53, 57 Civil War, (1) 3-20,65-66,79-81, (2) 65-67,78, (3) 45-46,

(4) 38,40,42, and Kentucky, (1) 45, in Columbus, Ohio, (2) 64

by David Stradling, (3) 87-88

Civilian Conservation Corps, (2) 28 Civilian Pilot Training Program, (4) 56 Clark, Dr. Kenneth, (2) 50 Clark, George Rogers, (1) 73 Clark, William, (3) 20-21,23, 25, 28n, 2911, 30n, (4) 68


Clay County, Kentucky, (1) 85-87 Cleveland, Ohio, (2) 34-35 Clevenger, Shobal Vail, (3) 64-65, 78n Clinton, Catherine, (2) 64, (3) 82 Cole, Charles C., Jr., A Fragile Capital: Identity and the Early

Cole, George, (2 ) 17 Cole, Jennifer, (4) 1 ,2 ,27 collective bargaining, (1) 25 Collins, Floyd, (2) 71-72 Columbia River, (3) 26 Columbia University, (2) 45 Columbus, Ohio, (1) 62, ( 2 ) 31-32,38, 63-64, (3) 39, the

Committee on Military Affairs, (4) 5 8 Commonwealth, the, (2) 41 Community Memories: A Glimpse of African American Life

Years of Columbus (2001), (2) 63-64

Republican Party in, (2) 64

in Frankfort, Kentucky (2003), edited by Winona Fletcher, (1) 83-85

compensated emancipation, (4) 43-44 compensated labor, (4) 34 Confederacy, (2) 59-60 Confederate cavalry, (1 ) 16 Confederate guerillas, (2) 66 Confederate sympathies, (2) 42, in Kentucky, ( 2 ) 41 Confederate volunteers, (2) 42 Confederation Congress, (3) 32, (4) 5 confrontation, racial, (1 ) 47, 56 Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), (1) 21-23,

Connecticut Western Reserve (Ohio), (1) 61-62, (3) 40 Conner, John, (1) 25, (3) 23-24,28n Conrad, Maia, “The Art of Survival: Moravian Indians and

26-30, 32, 34-42

Economic Adaptation in the Old Northwest, 1767- 1808,” (3) 1-3

conservation, (1) 5 Contemporary Arts Center (Cincinnati), (1) 72 Continental Army, (1) 73 contract negotiations, union, (1) 25-27,29-30, 32-35, 37 Corday, Charlotte, (3) 62, 77n Cordery, George, (1) 48 Corinth, Mississippi, (1) 13 Corps of Discovery, (4) 68 Corresponding and Executive Committee on Emancipation,

Courier Journal (Louisville), (1) 46, 51-53, 55 court-martial, (1) 13 courtship, propriety of, (1) 4 Creeks, (4) 4, 8 Crisis of the Union, ( 2 ) 64 Crittenden, John J., (2) 13-14, 16, 19, (3) 45 Cronon, William, (2) 63 Crumlin, James, (1) 49, (2) 49, 56 Crystal Palace, (3) 49 Cumberland River, (1) 13, (4) 23 Cumberland, Maryland, (1) 79 Cupid, (1) 14

(4) 31, 34-35

curators at the Cincinnati Art Museum, (1) 65, 70-72 Cutler, Manasseh, ( 3 ) 32 Cuyahoga County Relief Office (Ohio), (2) 34-35

Daily Democrat (Louisville), ( 2 ) 11, 18 Danneker, Johann Heinrich, (3) 67, 7811 Danville, Kentucky, (4) 27 Dartmouth College, (3) 58 Daughters of Canaan: A Saga of Southern Women (1995), by

Davidson County (Tennessee), (4) 6, 8-10, 14-15, 19 Davis, Maxine, The Lost Generation; A Portrait of American

Day Law, (2) 43 Decamp, Joseph, (1) 67 deep South, the, (1) 43,46,48, 50-51, 54-56, and race rela-

Defender (Louisville), (1) 47-49, 51, 54-55 defense contracts, (1) 27,29-33,35 deference, (4) 7 Delaware Indian State, (4) 71 Delaware Indians, (3) 3, convert to Moravian Christianity,

Democratic National Committee, (4) 52 Democratic Party, (1) 53, (4) 3,35, in the South, (1) 44, and

African Americans, (1) 45 Democratic Republican Party, (4) 13,20 demonstrations, (1) 52-53,55, sit-in, (1) 51 Dennis, Phillip, (1) 63 Department of Education, Kentucky, (2) 44,57 Department of Health, Education and Welfare, (2) 60 Department of Labor, U.S., (1) 25, 27, 36-37 Department of Labor, West Virginia, (1) 26 Derby Week, (1) 56 desegregation, (1) 48,5042, school, (1) 48, total, (1 j 54 Detroit, (3) 7-11 Dilts, James D., The Great Road: The Building of the Balti-

Margaret Ripley Wolfe, (3) 81-83

Youth (1936), (2) 28-29

tions, (1) 43

(3) 3

more & Ohio, the Nation’s First Railroad, 1828-1853 (2003), (1) 78-79

Dine, Jim, (1) 71 discrimination, sexual, (1) 22, racial, (1) 57 Dodd, William E., ( 2 ) 29 Dorfeuille, Joseph, (3) 50 Douglas, Brigadier General John, (1) 61 Douglas, Senator Stephen, (1) 10, 19 Dow, Lorenzo, (3) 62-63, 77n, as King of the Cannibal

Islands, (3) 63 Draper Manuscripts, (1) 74 Dresser, Laura J., (1 j 22 dresses, open robe-style, (1) 61 Duffy, Paul, (1) 51 Dunaway, Wilma, (1) 86 Duncan, Dobbin and Co. (Lexington, Kentucky), (3) 36 Duncan, Forsyth and Co. (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), (3) 36 Duncanson, Robert, (1) 65-66

W I N T E R 2 0 0 4 87


Durham Station, North Carolina, (1) 4 Duveneck, Elizabeth, (1) 67 Duveneck, Frank, (1) 67

E Early Republic, (1) 62-63 Early, Dr. D. B., (1) 27 easterners, (3) 37 Eaton, Ohio, (2) 27, 30-31, 34 Echpalawehund, Peter, (3) 8 economy, wartime and the, (1) 22 Eden Park (Cincinnati, Ohio), (1) 64 Edgefield Junction, Tennessee, (1) 12 Edwards, Robert C., (1) 36-37 Eisenhower, Dwight D., (2) 78 Elizabethtown, Kentucky, (2) 12-13 Elkins, Stanley, (1) 77-78 Elliot, Willie Mae, (2) 54 Elliott, Charles Winslow, (3) 83 Emancipation Proclamation, ( 2 ) 66, (4) 37-38,40 Emancipationists in Kentucky, (4) 29, 31-32, 35 Embargo Act (1807), (3) 35, (4) 18-19,21 Emergency Relief Appropriation Act (1939), (2) 36 Emerson, William, (3) 42 England, (1) 7 Engle, Stephen D., (3) 84 environmentalism, (1) 5 Erie Canal, (3) 38,40 Erie, Pennsylvania, (1) 25 Eslinger, Ellen, (4) 4 Ethridge, Mark, (1) 46,52 Eve Disconsolate, by Hiram Powers, (1) 64, (3) 51 Eve Tempted, (3) 51 evening parade, (1) 8 Everett, Edward, (3) 56, 68

F Fairbanks, Robert B., (3) 88 Fallen Timbers, Battle of, (1 ) 74 Farmington (Speed home), (4) 27 Farnsley, Charles, (1) 44 Farny, Henry, (1) 70 Faulkner, William, (1) 56 Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), (2) 28,36 Federal Security Agency, (2) 36 Federalists, (1) 76 Ferguson, Attorney General Jo, (2) 51 Fields, Barbara Jeanne, (1) 77-78 Fifteenth Amendment, (1) 45 Filson Historical Society, The, (1 ) 91-92, (2) 5-7, 9, 12-13,

Findlay, James, (3) 19-30 Findlay, Jane Irwin, (3) 24,2911 Fine, Benjamin, (1) 49

17, 82-83, (3) 93-94, (4) 81-82

Fletcher, Winona, ed., Community Memories: A Glimpse of African American Life in Frankfort, Kentucky (2003), (1) 83-85

Florence, Italy, (3) 49, 51, 54, 66 Florida, (1) 47 Foley, William E., Wilderness Journey: The Life of William

Fones-Wolf, Elizabeth, (3) 91 Ford, H. Church, (2) 52 Fordham, Elias, (3) 42 Forsyth, Dobbin and Co. (Wheeling, Virginia), (3) 36 Fort Donelson (Tennessee), (1) 19n Fort Hamilton (Ohio), (3) 24,28n,29n Fort Harmar Treaty (1788), (3) 12 Fort Henry (Tennessee), (1) 8, 19n Fort Mandan, (3) 24 Fort McCook (Tennessee), (1 ) 14,2011 Fort Pitt, (3) 5 Fort Sumter, (1) 6 Fort Wagner (South Carolina), (1) 80 Fort Washington (Cincinnati), (3) 21 Fosl, Catherine, Subversive Southerner: Anne Braden and the

Struggle for Justice in the Cold War South (2002), (2) 75-77

Ohio Frontier (2002), (3) 80-81

Clark (2004), (4) 68-70

Foster, Emily, ed., True Grit: A Woman’s Letters from the

Fourteenth Amendment, (4) 45 Fox, William F., (1) 4 Francis, Dr. Martin, (4) 80 Frankfort, Kentucky, (4) 28,31, 35, African American life in,

Free Labor Party, (4) 33-34 Freedman’s Bureau, (4) 45 freedpeople, (4) 37, equality of, (4) 39 Freeland, Joseph, (2) 52 Fremont, John C., (4) 36 French engages, (3) 27 Friend, Craig Thompson, (1) 74-75 frontier, historians of the, (1) 63 Fry, Henry, (1 ) 68 Ft. Wayne, Indiana, (2) 55 Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad in the Ken-

tucky Borderland (2002), by J. Elaine Hudson, (2)

(1) 83-85

64-65 Fun, Cheap, & Easy: My Life in Ohio Politics, 1949-1 964

Funk, Marshall, (2) 52 fur trade, Moravian Indians and the, (3) 14-15

(2002), by Frances McGovern, (1) 87-89

G Gantt, Wilson, (4) 65 Garner, Margaret, (2) 65 General Emancipation Convention, (4) 35 Genevra, by Hiram Powers, (1 ) 66 gentleman, behavior of a, ( 2 ) 19-21 Georgetown, Kentucky, (2) 6 Georgia, (1) 17,47


German Heritage Guide to the Greater Cincinnati Area (2003), by Don Heinrich Tolzmann, (2) 77-78

German-Americana Collection at the University of Cincinnati, (2) 77

Germany, (1) 21, Nazi, (2) 29 Gerrity, Frank X., ed., The Collected Works of William HOW-

Gertrude Polk Brown Lecture Series, (3) 93 Gioielli, Rob, (4) 77 Girard, Pennsylvania, (1) 25 Gleaner andJournal (Kentucky), (2) 55, 58 Glendale plant, women workers at, (1) 22,24-25, 39, union

ard Tuft, Volume VII (2003), (2) 69-70

organization at, (1) 23-24, working conditions at, (1) 23-25, defense production at, (1) 29-31,39, toy production at, 29, 35, and walkout, (1) 32, 38

Glendale, West Virginia, (1) 21-22, 24-26, 28-33, 36-37, 39- 42, working conditions in, (1) 23-25,28,30, demonstrations in, (1) 26, 32, 36

Glikhikan, Isaac, (3) 8 Gluck, Sherna Berger, (1) 22 Gnadenhutten, Moravian Indian village of, (3) 7-8, 12, 15,

God of Battle, (1) 8 Gomez-Jefferson, Annetta L., The Sage of Tawawa: Reverdy

Cassius Ransom, 1861-1959 (2002), (2) 72-73 Goodstein, Anita, (4) 14 Gordon, James and Teresa, (2) 46,53,55 Gothic tradition, (1) 68 gradual emancipation movement, (4) 32-34 Graham, C. M., (4) 65 Grauman, Laurence, J t , (1) 56 Gray, Susan E., (3) 81 Great American Ballpark (Cincinnati), (2) 68 Great Depression, (1) 39, (2) 28,29, 34, (4) 49-50, 53, 55 Great Falls of the Missouri, (3) 28n Great Lakes Naval Station, (4) 60 Great Lakes, (3) 40 Greek sculpture, (3) 55 Greek Slave by Hiram Powers, (1) 66, (3) 49-51, 74 Greenberg, Jack, (2) 49, 56 Gregory, Noble, (4) 52 grievances, wartime procedures to file, (1) 25, at Glendale

Grimsley, Mark, (2) 67 Growing Up Hard in Harlan County (1985,2003), by G. C.

Jones, (2) 78-79 Gruenwald, Kim M., “Review of ‘Fashion on the Ohio Fron-

tier, 1790-1840,’ an Exhibition at Kent State Univer- sity Museum,” (1) 1,2, 61

Frontier: The Ohio Valley as a Region, 1790-1850,”

massacre of Indians in, (3) 7-8

plant, ( 1 ) 28, committees, (1) 28, 31, 33

Gruenwald, Kim M., “Space and Place on the Early American

(3) 1-2, 31 Grupper, Ira, (1) 46 Guentz, Professor, (2) 9, 18 gunboats, (1) 8 Guschov, Stephen D., The Red Stockings of Cincinnati: Base

Guthrie, James, (2) 15 Ball’s First All-Professional Team (1998), (2) 68-69

H Half-King, Chief of Wyandots, (3) 7 Hall, Kermit L., (1) 76 Hammon, Neal O., and Richard Taylor, Virginia’s Western

Hammond, Charles, (1) 76 Hancock, General Winfield Scott, (2) 67 Hanes, John, (4) 10 Hanover College (Indiana), (2) 7 Hardin County Circuit Court (Kentucky), (2) 12 Hardin, John A., (2) 73 Harlan County (Kentucky), (2) 79 Harney, John Hopkins, (2) 11,15 Harpers Ferry, Virginia, (3) 20,22-23 Harris, D. K., (1) 30, 32 Harrison, William Henry, (3) 79 Harvard University, (2) 5 Hassenpflug, Ann, (2), 1-3, 5, “Murder in the Classroom:

War, 1775-1 786 (2002), (1) 73-74

Privilege, Honor, and Cultural Violence in Antebellum I,ouisville,” (2) 1, 5

Hatcher, Richard, (4) 73 Haynes, Robert V., (3) 85 Heathen Society of the Moravian Church, (3) 13 Hebert, Keith S., (4) 75 Heckewelder, John, (3) 12 Henderson County (Kentucky), (2) 46-47 Herschel, Sir William, (3) 69, 7811 Heywood, Rev. John, (2) 11-12, 18,22 Hiestand, William, (2) 27, 30-31, 39n High Street High School (Kentucky), (2) 44 Hines, Frank T., (4) 64 Hinshaw, John, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class in

Hire, Dr. Charles, (4) 57 Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio (HPSO), (3)

20-22 Hitler Youth, (2) 29 Hitler, Adolph, ( 1 ) 21 Hoblitzell, Bruce, (1) 50, 53 Holian, Timothy J., Over the Barrel: The Brewing History

Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh (2002), (3) 89-90

and Beer Culture of Cincinnati, Volumes One & Two (2000, 2003), (4) 75-77

Holmberg, James J., ed., “‘Fairly launched on my voyage of discovery’: Meriwether Lewis’s Expedition Letters to James Findlay,” (3) 1-2, 19

Holmberg, James, (3) 20,23, (4) 70 honor, culture of, (2) 20-21, (4) 7, code of, (2) 21 Hopkins County (Kentucky), (2) 46-47,49, 51, 53-54, 56-57 Hopkins, Harry, (2) 28 Horrigan, Monsignor Alfred, (1) 55 hospital, Civil War, (1 ) 6 Houdon, Jean-Antoine, (3) 57,7711, his George Washington,

Hudson River, (3) 38 Hudson, J. Blaine, Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Rail-

(3) 57, 62, his Bruno, (3) 57

road in the Kentucky Borderland (2002), (2) 64-65

W I N T E R 2 0 0 4 89


human nature, nineteenth century and, (1) 5 Humez, Jean M., (2) 64 Hunt, Robert P., (2) 6 Huntington, West Virginia, (1) 25

Illinois, (3) 38,41,43, and housing segregation, (1) 54, as

Impressionism, (1) 71 in loco parentis, (2) 22 Indian Territory, (4) 14 Indiana University, (2) 43 Indiana, (2) 6,24, (3) 78-80, and housing segregation, (1) 54 Indiana: A History (2003,1978), by Howard H. Peckham,

Indianapolis, Indiana, (1) 47 industrial accident, (1) 24 industrial conversion, World War I1 and, (1) 21, 30, 36 industrial defense, (1) 21,29, contracts, 27,29-31 industrial reconversion, World War I1 and, (1) 21, 35 Industrial Revolution, (1) 67-68 integration, (1) 47-50,52, school, (1) 48-49, 52, 56, teacher,

(1) 49, public accommodations, (1) 50, 52-57 Irondale, Ohio, (2) 35 Italy, (3) 49, 53

“Suckers”, (3) 43

(3) 79-80

J Jackman School (Kentucky), burning of, (2) 50 Jackson Purchase, (2) 42-43, 53,56, 60, (4) 49 Jackson, Andrew, ( 3 ) 56,64,68, (4) 3-4,6, 11 Jackson, Donald, (3) 20 Jackson, Isaac, (3) 35 James, Hulburt, (1) 54 Jefferson County Circuit Court (Kentucky), (2) 12 Jefferson, Thomas, (1) 75, (3) 22,25,28n, 29n, (4) 4, 10,

Jeffersonian Republicanism, (4) 11 Jeffersonian Republicans, (1) 76 Jenkins, Kirk C., The Battle Rages Higher: The Union’s Fif-

teenth Kentucky Infantry (2003), (2) 65-66 Jesus Christ, (3) 70-71, 74 Jim Crow, (1) 45, (2) 56, 60, 70, schools and, (2) 44 Johnson Investment Council, (3) 92 Johnson, Andrew, (4) 41-42 Johnson, Lyman, (1) 46, (2) 43 Johnson, Thomas, (4) 9 Johnston, (Confederate) General Joseph, (1) 4 Jones, G. C., Growing Up Hard in Harlan County (1985,

Jones, Landon Y., William Clark and the Shaping o f the West

Jones, Loyal, Minstrel of the Appalachians: The Story of Bas-

judicial reform, (4) 16 judicial review, (1) 75-76

13,18

2003), (2) 78-79

(2004), (4) 68-70

com Lamar Lunsford (2002), (1) 82-83

K K’Meyer, Tracy, “’Beneath the Golden Stairs’: Gender,

Unionization, and Mobilization in World War I1 West Virginia,” (1) 1,2,43

Kent State University Museum, (1) 61-63 Kenton, Simon, (1) 73-74 Kentucky Dam Project, (4) 52,55,58 Kentucky General Assembly, (4) 50 Kentucky Historical Society, (1) 78 Kentucky justice: Southern Honor, and American Manhood

Kentucky Reporter, ( 3 ) 37 Kentucky State College for Negroes, (2) 43 Kentucky, (1) 45, 48-49, 51, 54, 73-74, (2) 3, 16-17,23,

(2003), by James C. Klotter, (3) 86-87

41-62, (3) 2911, 31-32, 34-36, 38,43,45-46, (4) 13, 17,27-48,49-67, and division of during Civil War, (1) 4, 13, 15-17,45, slavery in, (1) 77-78, House of Representatives, (2) 6, (4) 28, 30,43, legislature, (2) 13, indignation meetings in, (2) 16, school integration in, (2) 41,45, western, (2) 3,41-43,46, 50, 53-54, 56,58, 60-61, Tennessee border and, (2) 41; Confed- erate sympathies in, ( 2 ) 42, African Americans in, (2) 42, lynching in, (2) 42, legislature, (2) 43, as Garden of Eden, (3) 32, militia in, (3) 12, as border state, (4) 27, slave code of, (4) 29, Constitutional Convention, (4) 32,35, slaveholders in, (4) 38

Kentucky’s Last Cavalier: General William Preston, 181 6- 1887 (2004), by Peter J. Sehlinger, (3) 84-85

Kern, Kevin, (1) 89 Kessler, John S. and Donald B. Ball, North from the Moun-

tains: A Folk History of the Carmel Melungeon Settle- ment, Highland County, Ohio (2001), (4) 77-78

Kincheloe, Jesse W., ( 2 ) 13-14 King, Rev. Martin Luther, (1) 51, 57, assassination of, (1) 57,

King, Rufus, (1) 66 Klotter, James C., Kentucky Justice, Southern Honor, and

Knights of Pythias Hall (Moundsville, West Virginia), (1) 27 Knipschild, Robert, (1) 71 Knoxville Gazette, (4) 5 , 12 Knoxville, Tennessee, (4) 15 Koontz, E. F., (1) 26 Kossoudji, Sherri A., (1) 22 Krudener, Baron, (3) 56 Ku Klux Klan, (1) 56, (2) 47-48, 53-54

(2) 74, 77

American Manhood (2003), (3) 86-87

L labor activism, wartime and, (1) 22-23, 39 Labor Day, parade, (1) 27 labor historians, (1) 22 labor union officials, (1) 29-39 Ladies Academy of Fine Arts, (1 ) 69 land speculators/surveyors, (4) 5, 7,9, 13-14 Lantzer, Jason S., (3) 80


Lassic, Frank, (1) 30, 34, 38 Latrobe, Benjamin H., Jr., (1) 79 Lawson, James M., (2) 17 League of Nations, (2) 69-70 Lest We Be Marshall'd: Judicial Powers and Politics in Ohio,

1806-1812 (2003), by Donald F. Melhorn, Jr., (1) 75-76

Lewis and Clark Expedition, (3) 19-22, (4) 69 Lewis and Clark Trail, (4) 68 Lewis, Captain Meriwether, (3) 19-30, (4) 68 Lewis, John L., (1) 21 Lewis, William, (4) 9 Lexington, Kentucky, (2) 6, (3) 33-34, 36, 38,40, (4) 28, 51 Library of Congress, (1) 82 Licking River (Kentucky), (3) 33 Life, (2) 58 Lincoln High School (Paducah, Kentucky), (2) 43-44 Lincoln, Abraham, (4) 36-37,39-40 Lindbergh, Charles, (2) 71 Linderman, Gerald, (2) 67 lithographs, (1) 63 Little Rock, Arkansas, (1) 52, (2) 58-59 Livermore, Kentucky, (2) 42 Local 149 (CIO), (1) 21,23,25,27-30, 32,34-42 Lodge, Henry Cabot, (2) 70 Logan County (Kentucky), (2) 42 Logan, Indian Chief, (1) 10-12 Long-Beard, Miami Chief, (3) 24 Longworth, Nicholas, (1) 65-66, 69, (3) 64,78n Look, (1) 53 Lost Generation of American Youth, The (1936), by Maxine

Davis, (2) 28-29 Louis Marx and Company, (1) 21-42, union leadership and,

(1) 25, union organization at, (1) 23-24, and management, (1) 30-31, 33-37, and military conversion, (1) 29-30, and loss of military contracts, (1) 33, and toy production, (1) 29, 35-36, and walkout, (1) 32,38

Louisville & Nashville Railroad, (1) 13, (4) 36 Louisville Central High, (2) 43 Louisville Collegiate Institute, (2) 9 Louisville Daily Commercial, (4) 43 Louisville Daily Courier, ( 2 ) 13, 16-17, 19, 22, 24, (4) 30 Louisville Daily Democrat, (2) 13, 16-17, 19-20 Louisville High School, (2) 5-9, 11-12, 14-15, and courses

Louisville Home Guard, (4) 31, 36 Louisville Journal, (2) 12,21 Louisville Municipal College, (1) 46 Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, (2) 73-74 Louisville Times, (1) 52 Louisville Urban League, (1) 43 Louisville, Kentucky, (1) 4, 13, 16, 17n, 43-60, (2) 41, 75-77,

taught, (2) 7

(3) 29n, 33, 36-37, 40,45, 84-85, (4) 27, 30, 44, 68, and race relations, (1) 43,45-46, and regional identity, (1) 43,49, 51,57-58, as a border city, (1) 43, 45, 57, and manufacturing, (1) 44, and the housing commission, (1) 46, and progressive self-image, (1)

47-49,52,56, and integration, (1) 48-49, as model for desegregation, (1) 49,53,55, and businessmen, (1) 51-53,55, and the All-American City Award, (1) 53, 55, and civic leaders, (1) 55, antebellum, (2) 3, 5-26, Unitarian Church in, (2) 11, antebellum news- papers in, (2) 11-13, residents of, (2) 16, social status in, (2) 19, and the NAACP, (2) 49, the Underground Railroad in, (2) 64

American student, (1) 46 Louisville, University of, (1) 44, 46, 54, and first African

Lowell, Massachusetts, (1) 22 Lucas County (Ohio), (2) 33 Lucas, Marion B., A History of Blacks in Kentucky: From

lynching, (1) 78, in Kentucky, (2) 42 Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891 (2003), (1) 77-78

M machine age, the, (1) 69 Mackey, Thomas C., (2) 65 MacSwinford, Judge, (2) 50,52 Madison, Indiana, (2) 7 Madisonville Messenger (Kentucky), (2) 55-56 Majewski, John, (1) 79 Mangus, Michael, (2) 67 manufacturing, chemical, in the Ohio River Valley, (1) 23 Many Lamps, One Light: Louisville Presbyterian Theologi-

cal Seminary, A 1 50"' Anniversary History (2002), by Rick Nutt, ( 2 ) 73-74

Mapplethorpe fiasco, (1) 64 Marcus, Alan I., (3) 88 Marcus, Arhie B., (1) 29, 31-32, 35-38 Marietta Intelligencer, (3) 44 Marietta, Ohio, ( 3 ) 32-33, 35-36, 39-40,42, 44-45 markets, European, (3) 34,37 Marks, John ( 3 ) 26,29n Marshall County (West Virginia), (1) 21,23,27, 29-30, 39 Marshall, Chief Justice John, (1) 75-76, (3) 64 Marshall, Thomas F., (2) 19,23 Maryland, school system in, (1) 48 Mason, James, (1) 7 Mathews, Clarence, (1) 51, 54 Matson, Elizabeth, (1) 83 Maysville, Kentucky, (3) 34 McCandless, Amy Thompson, (3) 83 McCoy, Captain, (1) 5-6, 9 McCurry, Stephanie, (3) 82 McGovern, Frances, Fun, Cheap, &- Easy: My Life in Ohio

McHenry, Louis, ( 2 ) 57 McLaughlin, Maria, (1) 69 McMechon plant (West Virginia), (1) 31-32, 34-36 McPherson, James, (2) 67 McWilliams, W. Carey, and Frank X. Gerrity, eds., The Col-

Politics, 1949-1964 (2002), (1) 87-89

lected Works o f William Howard Tuft, Volume VI (2003), (1) 81-82

Meanwell, Jack, (1) 71

W I N T E R 2 0 0 4 91


Meeker, Samuel, (3) 34 Melhorn, Donald F., Jr., Lest W e Be Marshal1’d:Judicial

Powers and Politics in Ohio, 2806-1812 (2003), (1) 75-76

Memphis Tennessee Garrison: The Remarkable Story of a Black Appalachian Woman (2001), edited by Ancella R. Bickley and Lynda Ann Ewen, (2) 70-71

Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, (3) 21 merchants, on Ohio the frontier, (1) 61, Moravian Indians

trade with itinerant, (3) 6, British and American, (3) 10, western, (3) 37

Michaelangelo Buonarotti, (3) 52-54, 67, 7711, his Moses, (3) 54, his Christ with the Cross, (3) 54

Michigan, as “Wolverines,” (3) 43, southern, ( 3 ) 38 middle class, the, (1) 5 Middle Ground, the, (3) 4, 16 Midwest, the, (1) 43,45, 47, 58, and race relations, (1) 43,

Milburn, William, (1) 53 militia, (4) 11, elections, (4) 8-10, 12,22 Milkman, Ruth, (1) 22 Miller, Angeline (Sally), (1) 24-25 Miller, Glenn, (2) 74 Miller, Marc Scott, (1) 22 mining, coal, in the Ohio River Valley, (1) 23 Minshall, Captain Thaddeus Armstrong, in Civil War, (1) 3-

Minshall, Julia E. Pearson, (1 ) 4 Minstrel of the Appalachians: The Story of Bascom Lamar

Lunsford (2002), by Loyal Jones, (1) 82-83 Mississippi River, (3) 23,26, 33-34. 42,45, (4) 68 Mississippi Valley, ( 3 ) 34-35 Mississippi, (1) 51, 55, racism in (1) 51, (2) 6 Missouri Compromise, (3) 41 Missouri River, (3) 24-28, 29n, 36 Missouri, (4) 36 Missouri, school system in, (1) 48, and integration, (1) 49-50 Mitchel, (Union) General Ormsby, (1) 13, 1911 Mitchell and Rammelsberg, (1) 70 Mitchell, Reid, (2) 67 Modern Art Society, (1) 72 modernism in art, (1) 71 Molock of War, (1) 6 monarchists, (1) 7 Monroe Doctrine, (1) 82, (2) 69-70 Montgomery County, (4) 10 Monthly Law Reporter, (2) 17 Montreal, Quebec, ( 3 ) 15 Moravian Church, (3) 12 Moravian Indians, (3) 3-18, mission economy of, (3) 3,

characteristics of, (1) 45

20, as Chief Justice of Ohio Supreme Court, (1) 4

tradition of generosity of, (3) 6-7, forced journey to Detroit, (3) 7, massacre of, ( 3 ) 7-8, re-creation of mission, ( 3 ) 9, relative prosperity of, (3) 11, plow agriculture of, 10, 13, reducing dependence, (3) 13

Morehead College (Kentucky), (4) 65 Morganfield High School, (2) 47 Morris, Wi11iam, (1) 68

Morrison, Chester, (1) 53 Moscow, Russia, (1) 7 Moundsville Daily Echo (West Virginia), (1) 32-33, 37, 38 Moundsville, West Virginia, (1) 23, 26-27, 38 Mountain Dance and Folk Festival, (1) 82-83 multiculturalism and its influence on art, (1) 65 Murfreesboro, Tennessee, (1) 14-15; Battle of, (1) 16 Murray Flight School, (4) 58 Murray Teachers College (Kentucky), (4) 49-67, relation-

ship with federal government, (4) 49, Woman’s Club House, (4) 53, Swann Dormitory, (4) 53, 61, enroll- ment at, (4) 55, correspondence courses at, (4) 55, financial stability of, (4) 65-66

Murray, Philip, (1) 38 Murray, Robert K. and Roger W. Brucker, Trapped! The

Story ofFloyd Collins (2003), (2) 71-72 Mushkat, Jerome, ed., A Citizen-Soldier’s Civil War: The Let-

ters of Brevet Major General Alvin C. Voris (2002), (1) 79-81

Music Hall, (1) 66 Muskingum River, (3) 3 Muskingum Work Experience Center, (2) 37

N Napoleon, (3) 37, (4) 18 Nash, William G., (4) 54-56, 59 Nash, William, (4) 9 Nashville Clarion, (4) 165 Nashville, Tennessee, (3) 34, (4) 19 Natchez, Mississippi, (3) 34 National Archives, (1) 77, (2) 67 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP), (1) 47,49, (2) 41,43-50, 54-57, 62n, 70, Paducah branch of the, (2) 43

National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC), (1) 49 National Citizen’s Political Action Committee, ( 1 ) 34 National Education Association (NEA), (2) 28 National Guard, to aid integration in Kentucky, (2) 51, 57-58 National Labor Relations Board, (1) 25,27, 39 National Socialists (Nazis), (1) 21, 30 National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, (3) 92 National Union Party, (4) 41 National War Labor Board, (1) 30-36, 39 National Youth Administration (NYA), (2) 3,27-40, in Ohio,

(2) 27, 30, 33-35, 38-39, 4011, National Advisory Committee of, (2) 27,31, young women and, (2) 31- 32, African American women and, (2) 31-32, in Lucas County, Ohio, (2) 33, in Cincinnati, Ohio, (2) 33, camp program, (2) 36-37

National Youth Administration, (4) 52 Native American history, (4) 71 Native Americans, in portraits, (1) 62, at Cincinnati Art

Museum, (1) 70, persistence and adaptation, (1) 70- 71, and capture of Jonathan Alder, (1) 74, Moravian converts, ( 3 ) 3-18, Moravian converts travel to Ohio country, ( 3 ) 3


nature, at war with man, (1) 15, idealizing, (3) 55-56,67 Naval Administration Building, (4) 60 Naval Officers Reserves, (4) 57 Neely, Governor Matthew, (1) 26 Nelson, Larry L., (1) 74-75 New Deal programs, (2) 44, 79 New Deal, (1) 44-45, (2) 3, 29, 38, 40n, (4) 49-50, 53-54 New England, (3) 36, 41, veterans, (3) 32, settlers in Ohio

New Jersey, (3) 3, 33,43 New Orleans, (1) 52, (2) 5-6, (3) 34,39,62, (4) 18 New Republic, (1) 56 New York City College, (2) 45 New York (city), (2) 27, (3) 35, 38 New York Herald, (2) 23 New York (state), (2) 60, 68 New York Times, (1) 49, (2) 58 Newman, Simon, (4) 3 Newsweek, (1) 56 Niagara Falls, (3) 58 Nichols, David A., (1) 74 night riders, (2) 42 Noe, Kenneth W., Perryville: This Grand Havoc of Battle

Non-Importation Act (1833), (4) 30 Nootka Sound, (3) 26 North from the Mountains: A Folk History of the Carmel

Melungeon Settlement, Highland County, Ohio (2001), by John S. Kessler and Donald B. Ball, (4)

country, (3) 32,43

(2001), (4) 72-73

77-78 North, the, (1) 45, 54, 57-58, characteristics of, (1) 45, ante-

Northwest Fur Company, (3) 9 Northwest Ordinance (1787), (3) 36, 41,45, (4) 3, 8,22 Northwest Passage, (3) 29n Northwest Territory, (1) 61, 73, (3) 11, 21 Notre Dame University, (2) 43 Nourse, Elizabeth, (1) 68 Nutt, Rick, Many Lamps, One Light: Louisville Presbyterian

bellum, (2) 24

Theological Seminary, A 1 SOth Anniversary History (2002), (2) 73-74

0 O’Donnell, James H., Ohio’s First Peoples (2004), (4) 71-72 O’Toole, Andrew, Branch Rickey in Pittsburgh: Baseball’s

Trailblazing General Manager for the Pirates, 1950- 1955 (ZOOO), (4) 78-79

Ohio & Erie Canal, (3) 39 Ohio Company of Associates, (3) 32, 40 Ohio country, (3) 3-18, 21, early trading economy of, (3) 4,

white settlers in, (3) 12, 15, 16 Ohio Historical Society, (1) 61-63, (2) 63-64, 67 Ohio River Valley, (1) 5, 7, 21,23, 39 Ohio River, (1) 21,23, (2) 57, (3) 12, 31-33, 36,40,44, (4)

Ohio State University, (1) 62, (2) 81 3, 68

Ohio Supreme Court, (1) 4 Ohio Valley, (1) 73, 78-79, 84, (2) 3, 5, 63, 73, (3) 30n, 31-

32, 34-35,37,39,41,45-46, and diverse cultures, (2) 5, segregation of Native Americans by tribal group in, (3) 6

Ohio Valley, (4) 3-4, 9, 18, 36, 68 Ohio, (1) 49-50, 54, 75-76, (2) 27, 30, 33-35, (3) 31, 34-35,

38,43, 46, frontier, (1) 61-63,75, and integration, (1) 49, and civil rights law, (1) 50, House of Representa- tives, (1) 76, National Youth Administration in, (2) 27, 30, 33-35, as Buckeye State, (3) 43, legislature, (3) 41

Ohio’s First Peoples (2004), by James H. O’Donnell, (4)

Old South, (2) 41 Olden, J. C., (1) 46 open accommodations, (1) 51,53-57 open housing, ordinance, (1) 55-56, conflict, (1) 57-58 Oregon River, (3) 26 Orphan Brigade, (2) 66 Osage River, (3) 26 Over the Barrel: The Brewing History and Beer Culture of

Cincinnati, Volumes One & Two (2000,2003), by Timothy J. Holian, (4) 75-77

71-72

Owensboro, Kentucky, (2) 42,57

P A

Pacific Ocean, (3) 22,26 Paducah Junior College (Kentucky), (2) 43, 52 Paducah, Kentucky, (2) 43,57 Painesville, Ohio, (2) 35 Panic of 1819, (3) 37,41, (4) 23 Paris Peace Conference (1919), (2) 69 paternalism, (4) 7-8 Payne, Charles, (2) 75 Peace Democrats, (4) 38 Peale, Charles Willson, (3) 19, 33 Pearl Harbor, (4) 55 Peckham, Howard, H., Indiana: A History (2003, 1978), ( 3 )

Peeples, William, (1) 56 Pennsylvania, (1) 6, (3) 3, 5, 12, western, (3) 31, 34, 37,

Pennyroyal, Kentucky, (2) 43,56, 60 Perkins, Elizabeth, (1) 74, (4) 4 Perryville, Kentucky, (1) 4, 12, 16-20 Perryville: This Grand Havoc of Battle (2001), by Kenneth

Peskin, Allan, Winfield Scott and the Profession of Arms

Peter, Sarah Worthington King, (1) 66 Phidias, (3) 55, 72, 7711 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, (3) 15,22, 33-35, 37 philanthropists, northern, (2) 43-45 Phillips, Christopher, (4) 73 Picket line, (1) 37

79-80

43,46

W. Noe, (4) 72-73

(2003), (3) 83-84

W I N T E R 2 0 0 4 93


pickets, Civil War, (1) 14 Piedfourck, M., (2) 12 Pierro, Joseph, (2) 66 Piston, William G., (4) 73 Pitman, Adelaide Nourse, (1) 68 Pitman, Ben, (1) 68 Pittsburgh Ordnance Department, (1) 32 Pittsburgh, Pennsylania, (3) 33-36, 39-40, 44 Platte River, ( 3 ) 26-27 Plessy us. Ferguson (1896), (2) 42 politicians, (1) 10 Polk, James Knox, (4) 3 Pope, Thomas E., The Weary Boys: Colonel]. Warren Keifer

popular culture, nineteenth century and, (1) 5 popular democracy, (4) 7 popular sovereignty, (4) 8 Portsmouth, Ohio, (1) 16 Potash, David and Donald F. Anderson, eds, The Collected

& the I I O f h Ohio Volunteer Infantry (2002), (2) 67

Works of William Howard Tuft, Volume V (2003), (3) 88-89

Potomac River, (1) 79 Pottery Club of Cincinnati, (1) 69 Potthast, Edward, (1) 67 Powell Amendment, (2) 60 Powell, Adam Clayton, (2) 60 Powers, Hiram, (1) 64-66, (3) 49-78 Pre-Flight Training Program, (4) 57, 59 Prentice, George, (2) 12-13, 15,21 preservation, (1) 5 Preston, Colonel John S., (3) 53, 64, 77n prisoners of war, (1) 13 Probasco, Henry, (1) 68 production, mass (1) 68; industrial, (1) 70 Prokopowicz, Gerald J., (1) 81 pro-slavery Kentuckians, (4) 30 Providence, Rhode Island, (2) 17 public sphere, women and the, (1) 22 Public Works Administration, (4) 50 Puerto Rico, (2) 36 Purdue University, (2) 43 Puritans, (1) 70 Putnam, General Rufus, (3) 32, 34

R Rabb, Maurice, (1) 54 race relations, (1) 43-47, 51, 53, 56, progressive, (1) 56 racial equality, (4) 40 Radical Republicans, (2) 42, (4) 41-45 railroad, construction, (1) 78-79; corruption and, (1) 79 Ransom, Reverdy Cassius, (2) 72-73 Ratcliffe, Donald, (4) 11, 22 Rauch, Christian Daniel, (3) 71-72, 78n Ray, Kristofer, (4) 1-3 Read, Thomas Buchanan, (1) 66 rebels in the Civil War, (1) 7

Reconstruction, (1) 45, 80, (3) 45, (4) 41,45 Red Cross Fund, (1) 28 Reid, Richard, (3) 86-87 Renaissance art, (3) 49 Republican Party, (4) 35-36, and African Americans, (1)

Resig, Claire, (4) 63-64 Revolutionary War, American, (3) 6, 11, 16 Reynolds, Louise, (1) 55 Rhodes, Greg, (2) 68 Rhyne, J. Michael, (4) 78 Richardson, A. D., (2) 17 Richmond, James H., (4) 50-67, as State Democratic Chair-

man, (4) 50-51, war bond effort and, (4) 54, impor- tance of education and, (4) 56

riots, race, (1) 54, 57-58, in Cincinnati, (1) 65 Roberts, Isaac, (4) 9 Robertson, James, (4) 5, 7 Rockwell, Colonel Robert L., (4) 56-57 Rocky Mountains, (3) 30n,42 Rococo style, (3) 49 Rogers, Ruby, (3) 19, 23, 28 Romanticism and ideas of nature, (1) 5 Rome, Italy, (3) 54, 66 Ronda, James, (4) 68 Rookwood pottery, (1) 64, 68-69 Roosevelt administration, (2) 28, (4) 53 Roosevelt, Eleanor, (2) 27, 31, 39n Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, (1) 45, (2) 28-29, 36, (4) 49-51,

53, 58, 63, death of, (4) 58 Roosevelt, James, (4) 51 Root, Elihu, (2) 70 Rosecrans, (Union) General William S., (1) 16,2011 Rosenthal, Lois and Richard, (1) 65, 67, 72 Rosenwald Fund, (2) 43-44 Ross County (Ohio), (2) 35 Rotary Club, (4) 62 Rothman, Joshua, (3) 87 Royster, Charles, (2) 67 Ruskin, John, (1) 68 Russelville, Kentucky, (1) 13

44-45

S Sadosky, Leonard J., (2) 64 Sattler, Charles J. F., (1) 26, 38 Schenck, Rev. Jacob, (2) 12 school discipline, (2) 18, 20-23 Schwanthaler, Ludwig von, (3) 72, 78n Scioto Valley, (1) 7 Sears and Roebuck, (2) 43 Sears, Richard D., Camp Nelson, Kentucky: A Civil War His-

tory (2002), (4) 74-75 Second Party System, (4) 3-4,22-23 segregation, (1) 45-46,48, 50, 52, 58, extreme racial, (1) 43,

51, housing, (1) 54,58 segregationists, in Kentucky, (2) 48-50,53-54, 58-59, and


harassment, (2) 54, protests by, 58-59

Preston, 1816-1887 (2004), (3) 84-85 Sehlinger, Peter J., Kentucky’s Last Cavalier: General William

Selden, Dixie, (1) 71 Selma, Alabama, and housing segregation, (1) 54 Seminar on the City (Cincinnati Museum Center), (4) 80 separate but equal, (2) 41-42,44,50 Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (G.I. Bill), (4) 63-65 Sevier, John, (4) 7, 9, 12, 17, 19-20 Sexauer, Cornelia F., (2) 72 Shapiro, Herbert, (2) 77 Sharp, Joseph Henry, (1) 70-72 Shawnee raids, (1) 73 Shelbourne, Roy, (2) 52 Shepherd, Anne, (3) 21 Sherman, (Union) General William Tecumsah, (1) 4 Shirayamandani, Kataro, (1) 69 silhouettes, (1) 62 Sill, Colonel Joshua, (1) 8, 19 Slave Emancipation in Kentucky, (4) 32-34, 36 slave states, (2) 18 slave, importation, (4) 29, trade, domestic, (4) 29 slavery, as “necessary evil,” (4) 29, 31, abolition of, (4) 39 slaves, escaping, (2) 64-65 Slidell, John, (1) 7 Smith, Daniel, (4) 6 Smith, Early, (4) 44 Snadon, Patrick, (4) 80 Soares, John, (1) 82 soldiering, Civil War and, (1) 5 Sonntag, William Louis, (1) 66 South African Institute of Race Relations, ( 1 ) 49 South Carolina, (1) 47 South, antebellum, (2) 24 south, deep, (2) 60 South, the, (1) 45,48, 50,54, 56, 58, in the Civil War, (1)

7, people of the, (1) 15, the condition of the, (1) 15, characteristics of, (1) 45, (2) 41-42, segregation in, (2) 41, education in, (2) 43

Southern Manifesto, (2) 56 Southern ports, Civil War and, (1) 8 Southern rebellion, (1) 7 specie, (4) 13, 19 Speed, James, (4) 27-48, enslaved African Americans and, (4)

Spencer, Lilly Martin, (1) 66 spies, in Civil War, (1) 13 Springer, Reuben, (1) 66 Springfield, Ohio, and race relations, (1) 43 St. Clair, General Arthur, (3) 2811 St. Louis, Missouri, (1) 47, 51, 53-55 Stampp, Kenneth P., (1) 77 Stanley, Frank, (1) 48, 50 Starkweather’s Brigade ( lsc Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry), (1)

state labor commission, (1) 27 State’s Rights Party, (2) 48

27-28

16,20n

Stebenne, David, (2) 70 Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class in Twentieth-Century

Pittsburgh (2002), by John Hinshaw, (3) 89-90 Stevenson, Adlai, (2) 48 Stewart, Roy, (4) 65 Stimson, Henry, (4) 57 Stones River, Tennessee, (1) 4, 16, (2) 65-66 Storer, Maria Longworth Nichols, (1) 69 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, and Uncle Tom’s Cabin, (3) 31 Stradling, David, (2) 69, (3) 92, Cincinnati: From River City

to Highway Metropolis (2003), (3) 87-88 strike, union, (1) 25-28, 39, vote for, (1) 36-38 Sturgis High School, ( 2 ) 47-48, 51, 53-54, 58 Sturgis News (Kentucky), (2) 55 Sturgis (Kentucky), (2) 47, 51, 58 Sturgus, Minard, (2) 7-10, 12, 14-15, 18,22 Subversive Southerner: Anne Braden and the Struggle for

Justice in the Cold War South (2002), by Catherine Fad, (2) 75-77

Sumner County (Tennessee), (4) 9 Sumner, Senator Charles, (1) 10, 19 Supreme Court, United States, (1) 47, 75, (2) 41,4345, 52,

Swanger, Martin E., (1) 36, 38 Swedenborg, Emmanuel, (3) 70, 78n Sword, Wiley, (4) 72 Symmes, John Cleves, (3) 33

81-82

T Taft, William Howard, (1) 81-82, (2) 69-70 Taylor, Alan, (4) 11 Taylor, E. Leland, (1) 47 Taylor, Leeroy, (4) 9 Tenkotte, Paul A., (2) 78 Tennessee Valley Authority, (4) 52 Tennessee, (1) 73, (2) 41, (3) 36, (4) 4-23, 36, in Civil War,

(1) 4, 14-17, western, (2) 42, elite, (4) 7, 11, state- hood, (4) 8, Supreme Court, (4) 15-17, economic development in, (4) 20-21, global economy in, (4) 23

Terrell Law School (Kentucky), (2) 49 Thames River (Canada), (3) 3, 9 Thanksgiving, (1) 14 The Battle Rages Higher: The Union’s Fifteenth Kentucky

The Collected Works o f William Howard Taft, Volume VI Infantry (2003), by Kirk C. Jenkins, (2) 65-66

(2003), edited by W. Carey McWilliams and Frank X. Gerrity, (1) 81-82

The Collected Works o f William Howard Taft, Volume V11 (2003), edited by Frank X. Gerrity, (2) 69-70

The Collected Works o f William Howard Taft, Volume V (2003), edited by David Potash and Donald F. Ander- son, (3) 88-89

The College News, (4) 60 The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore & Ohio, the

Nation’s First Railroad, 1828-1 853 (2003), by James D. Dilts, (1) 78-79

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The Nation, (1) 56 The Red Stockings of Cincinnati: Base Ball’s First All-Pro-

fessional Team (1998), by Stephen D. Guschov, (2) 68-69

The Reporter, (1) 53 The Road to Poverty: The Making of Wealth and Hardship

in Appalachia (2000), by Dwight B. Billings and Kath- leen M. Blee, (1) 85-87

(2002), by Annetta L. Gomez-Jefferson, (2) 72-73 The Sage of Tawawa: Reverdy Cassius Ransom, 1861 -1 959

The Wall Between (1999), by Anne Braden, (2) 75-77 The Weary Boys: Colonel J . Warren Keifer 6 the 11 Oth Ohio

Volunteer Infantry (2002), by Thomas E. Pope, (2) 67 Thirteenth Amendment, (1) 78, (4) 40,45 Thompson, Dr. D. D., (2) 11 Thompson, Hunter, (1) 53,57 Three-Fifths Compromise, (3) 42 Time, (2) 58 Todd, John, (3) 26,29n Toledo, Ohio, (2) 31-32 Tolzmann, Don Heinrich, German Heritage Guide to the

Greater Cincinnati Area (2003), (2) 77-78 Tootle, Stephen (3) 89 Torrence Papers, (3) 19,22-23, 28n Torrence, Judge George Paul, (3) 20 Trans-Appalachian West, (1) 73, (2) 63 Transylvania University, (4) 28 Trapped! The Story of Floyd Collins (2003), by Robert K.

travel accounts, frontier, (1) 62 Treasury Department, United States, (4) 54 Tri-County Industrial Union Council, (1) 27 Triplett, Judge Henry, (1) 51 Trollope, Frances, (3) 52, 62,77n True Grit: A Woman’s Letters from the Ohio Frontier (2002),

Truman, Harry, (4) 51 Tucker, Rev. C. Ewbank , (1) 51 Turner, Frederick Jackson, (1) 63 Twachtman, John, (1) 67

Murray and Roger W. Brucker, (2) 71-72

edited by Emily Foster, (3) 80-81

U U.S.S. Benjamin Franklin, (4) 59 Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher, (3) 81 Uncle Tom’s Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, (3) 31 Unconditional Union Party, (4) 39, 40 Underground Railroad, (2) 64-65, in Kentucky, (2) 64 unemployment compensation, (1) 27 Union Army, (2) 42 Union County (Kentucky) (2) 46-47,5364 Union Democratic Party, (4) 39,45 Unionism, in Kentucky, (4) 36-38, 44 United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), (1) 21, (2) 79 United Paper, Novelty, and Toy Workers Union, (1) 21,25,

United Services Organization (USO), (1) 28 27-28, 38-39

United States Army History Institute, (2) 67 United Statq Colored Troops, (4) 39 United States Constitution, (4) 21 United States Information Agency, (1) 49 United States Naval Flight Preparatory School, (4) 60 United States Navy, (4) 59-60 United States, (1) 63, 73, (3) 33,49, President of, (3) 56, Sen-

ate, (2) 13, 16, settlement with Moravian Church, (3) 12, youth in, (2) 29-30, Office of Education, (2) 36

University of Cincinnati Department of History, (3) 92 University of Kentucky, (2) 43, 58 University of Louisville, (2) 64, (4) 65

V V-12 Navy College Training Program, (4) 57,61-62 Van Buren, Martin, (3) 64 Van Dyne, Ray, (1) 3 1 Van Leer, Elizabeth, (2) 55 Van Leer, James, (2) 54-56, 58 vandalism, by the South during the Civil War, (1) 7 Versailles, Kentucky, (1) 15 Veteran’s Guidance Center, (4) 65 Virginia, (1) 73-74, (3) 34,43, 45-46, as “Tuckahoes”, 43,

western, (3) 31-32, 35-37, northern, (3) 35 Virginia’s Western War, 1775-1 786 (2002), by Neal 0. Ham-

mon and Richard Taylor, (1) 73-74 Voris, Alvin C., (1) 79-81 Vrataric, Nicholas C., (1) 25

W Waddle, Lieutenant, (1) 5 Wade, Richard C., (2) 63 wage increases, (1) 36,38, wartime, (1) 28-29, 32-33, 37 Waldrep, Christopher, (1) 78 Waldstreicher, David, (4) 11 Walker, William, (4) 9 Waller, Altina, (1) 87 Waller, Jerry, (2) 55 Wallerstein, Immanuel, (1) 86 War bonds, (1) 30 War Department, (4) 55-56,59, 61 War of 1812, (3) 37,58 War Production Board, (1) 29-30, 32-33, 39, (4) 58 Ward, Emily Flournoy, (2) 6, 8-9,22 Ward, Matthew F., (2) 5-26, background of, (2) 5-6, arrest

of, (2) 11, trial of, (2) 12-17, acquittal of, (2) 16, deference and, (2) 19-20

Ward, Nahum, (3) 42 Ward, Robert, (2) 5-26, background of, (2) 5-6, arrest of, (2)

Ward, Sallie, (2) 6 Ward, Victor, (2) 9 Ward, William, (2) 5-26 Warren County Historical Society, (1) 63

11, trial of, (2) 12-17, acquittal of, (2) 16


Washington, Booker T., (2) 72 Washington, D.C., (1) 29-31, (2) 38,49, (3) 22,28n, 64,

67, (4) 37,40-41,61, and race relations, (1) 43, and integration, (1) 49

Washington, George, (4) 10 Watauga Association (1772), (4) 4 Waterloo, Battle of, ( 3 ) 37 Watlington, Patricia, (4) 11 Watterson, Henry, (4) 43 Wayne, General Anthony, (3) 21 Webster County (Kentucky), (2) 46-47, 51, 53-54, 59 Webster, Daniel, (3) 68, 76 Weise, Robert S., (2) 79 Welapachtschiechen, Israel, (3) 8 Wesselman, Jim, (1) 71 West End Community Council, ( I ) 57 West Virginia State Industrial Union Councils, (1) 27 West Virginia, (1) 21-42, Department of Labor, (1) 26, Un-

employment Office, (1) 26-27, Governor, (1) 26-27, 39, defense workers, ( I ) 33, and reconversion, ( I ) 36, school system in, ( I ) 48-49

Western Coal Field (Kentucky), (2) 43, 56, 60 Western Country, (4) 6 Western Herald and Steubenville Gazette, (3) 43 Western Kentucky College, (2) 54, (4) 65 Western Kentucky University, ( I ) 77 Western Museum, (3) 51 Western Reserve Historical Society, (1) 61-63 Western Spy , (3) 43 Westerners, ( 3 ) 36-38 Westmoreland, Carl, ( 3 ) 92 Weston, S. Burns, (2) 27, 31, 3911 westward expansion, ( I ) 63 Wetherby, Governor (Kentucky), (2) 55 Wethrell, L., (2) 7 Wheeling Industrial Union Council, ( 1 ) 29, 39 Wheeling, West Virginia, (1) 23, 78, (3) 15 Whig Party, (4) 3 Whig/Democratic Party, (4) 3 White Citizens Council, (2) 48, 53, 55, 60 White House, the, (1) 49, (4) 51 White River, (3) 24 White, Deborah Gray, (3) 82 White, Hugh Lawson, (4) 3 White, John H., (4) 81 Whitmer, Jennifer, (4) 1, 2, 49 Whittredge, Worthington, (1) 66 Whorton, Donald, (I) 29 Wilberforce University (Ohio), (2) 72 Wild Boys o f the Road (1933), (2) 28 Wilderness Journey: The Life of William Clark (2004), by

William E. Foley, (4) 68-70 Wiley, Commander Charles L., (4) 59, 62 Wilhoit, Francis, (2), 78 Wilkins, Roy, (2) 79 William Clark and the Shaping of the West (2004), by

Landon Y. Jones, (4) 68-70

Williams, Aubrey, (2) 27-28,30-31,35, 3911,4011 Williams, Wayne, (4) 54 Williamson, Joy Ann, Black Power on Campus: The Univer-

Winchester, James, (4) 7 Winfield Scott and the Profession of Arms (2003), by Allan

Peskin, (3) 83-84 Winslow, Claude T., (4) 52 Wolfe, Margaret Ripley, Daughters of Canaan: A Saga of

Wolfe, Nathaniel, (2) 16,23 Wolfford, David L., (2) 1-4,41, “Resistance on the Border:

sity of Illinois, 1965-75 (2003), (2) 74-75

Southern Women (1995), (3) 81-83

School Desegregation in Western Kentucky, 1954- 1964,” (2) 1 ,41

Wolfson, Emily, (4) 53, 59 women, as encouragement for Civil War soldiers, (1) 5-6,

World War I1 opportunities for, (1) 22, unions and, ( I ) 23,39, working conditions and, (1) 24-25, on the frontier, (1) 61, employment of when young, (2) 31-32

Women’s Clubhouse, (4) 62 Woods, Ralph, (4) 65 Woodstock, Vermont, (3) 58 working class, in wartime, (1) 22, consciousness, (1) 28, and

civic pride, ( I ) 28, interests, (1) 30 Works Progress Administration, (2) 28, (4) 50, 52 World Peace Convention, (2) 6-7 World War 11, (1) 21, 35-36,44,46, (2) 27-29,40, (4) 49,

54-55, 65-66, industrial conversion and, (1) 21, 36, industrial re-conversion and, ( I ) 21, 35, Bill of Rights and, (4) 64-65

Wright, George C., (2) 42,47-48,53 Wright, Kelly F., “Henry Bellows Interviews Hiram Powers,”

Wyandots, (4) 71 raids, (1) 73, kidnapping of Moravian

Wyatt, Wilson, (1) 44,46

(3) 1-2,49

Indians, ( 3 ) 4, 7

Y I Yankees, New England, (3) 40-41 York, on Lewis and Clark Expedition, (4) 69-70 Youngstown, Ohio, ( 2 ) 35 youth problem, in America, (2) 27,29-30

Zanesville, Ohio, (3) 36 Zeisberger, David, (3) 3-5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 1711, as chief mission-

ary of Moravian Indians, (3) 3, accused of spying, (3) 7

Zimbalist, Andrew, (4) 79

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