oilfield technology april 2013

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ISSN 1757-2134

contents

Copyright Palladian Publications Ltd 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. All views expressed in this journal are those of the respective contributors and are not necessarily the opinions of the publisher, neither do the publishers endorse any of the claims made in the articles or the advertisements. Printed in the UK. Images courtesy of www.bigstockphoto.com.

Oilfield Technology is audited by the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC). An audit certificate is

available on request from our sales department.

| 03 | EDITORIAL COMMENT

| 05 | WORLD NEWS

| 10 | THE GIFT THAT KEEPS ON GIVINGOilfield Technology Correspondent Mark Robinson reports on the continuing viability and strategic importance of the Gulf of Mexico.

| 14 | BIG MONEY IN DEEP WATERRachel Stonehouse, Douglas-Westwood, UK, looks at the forecasted global deepwater Capex of US$ 223 billion for 2013 - 2017 and reveals what it will be spent on, and who will be spending it.

| 20 | MANY HANDS MAKE LIGHT WORKMichael ODriscoll, Joao Ruiz and Milton Pereira, on behalf of Acteon, use the example of a deepwater conductor installation project to show how group collaboration can allow major obstacles to be overcome.

| 23 | WALKING TO WORKLindsay Young, Offshore Solutions BV, The Netherlands, reveals how a new generation of personnel-transfer solutions is helping operators cut costs without cutting back on safety.

| 27 | OFFSHORE OCCUPATIONDaniel Younger, CY Partners, UK, examines some of the recruitment challenges facing the global oil and gas industry and the pros and cons of living and working in the offshore sector.

| 30 | KEEP IT SIMPLEJohn Spain, Quickflange, UK, sets out the case for simplicity in offshore piping operations.

| 35 | REDUCING RISKS ON ELDERLY ASSETSGraeme Ellis, ABB Consulting, UK, explains how implementing robust safety risk assessment and ageing asset programmes can help lower the risk of safety or environmental hazards in the oilfield.

| 40 | SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVITYPhilippe Levy, SBM Offshore, Brazil, shows how an effective sustainable development plan can allow oil and gas companies to meet their environmental obligations without cutting back on productivity.

| 45 | FINISHING OFF FLARINGShravan Joshi, CompactGTL, UK, outlines the development of an FPSO compatible gas-to-liquids plant that can help eliminate the unnecessary flaring of associated gas.

| 48 | WORKING TOWARDS GREEN E&PAndra Wilcox, Houston Advanced Research Center, USA, explores the development of a programme aimed at integrating environmentally friendly technologies into oil and gas production.

| 55 | PUSHING PERFORATIONS TO THE SIDELINESWith operators in the Eagle Ford Shale looking for alternatives to fracture stimulate the toe stage of long laterals, Andrew L. Arguijo and Lee Morford, Cabot Oil & Gas, USA, and Jason Baihly and Isaac Aviles, Schlumberger, USA, explain how a new valve design can help cut costs and mitigate risk when fracturing the first stage of shale wells without perforating guns.

| 58 | TAKE YOUR EYE OFF THE BALLMike Churchill, Churchill Drilling Tools, UK, highlights a development in mechanical extrusion technology that offers operational benefits over ball activation for downhole tools.

| 63 | DRILLING COMPLETION AND BEYONDTom Ashton, Eagleridge Energy LLC, Chi Vinh Ly, Graham Spence and Guy Oliver, Robertson (a CGG Company), USA, present a RoqSCAN case study from the Barnett/Chester play.

| 69 | SINGLE-TRIP TECHNOLOGYChad Hightower, Superior Energy Services, USA, shows how multizone and horizontal single-trip sand control systems are a key strategy for producers hoping to optimise well completions.

| 75 | ROBOT ROUGHNECKMurray Gerwing, David Harris and Ron Rolling, McCoy Corp., USA and Canada, take a look at a mechanical roughneck that can increase the speed and safety of tripping tools in and out of wells.

| 80 | PLENTY MORE FISH IN THE SEAMark McGurk, National Oilwell Varco, USA, examines the properties of a new tool that is helping oil and gas operators deal with complex fishing operations.

| 85 | METER BY METERFinn Erik Berge, Emerson Process Management, Norway, shows how deploying more accurate multiphase meters can improve results in well testing, production monitoring and flow assurance.

| 90 | GO WITH THE FLOWRebecca Roth, INTECSEA, USA, explains how direct electrical heating (DEH) can provide new possibilities for field development.

| 95 | FIBRE OPTIC ACOUSTICSSudhendu Kashikar, Silixa, USA, reveals how fibre optic technology can assist in reservoir exploitation and allow companies to boost their production.

| 104 | MONITORING YOUR MOORINGMark Nolet and Michael Spencer, InterMoor Inc., USA, outline the importance of a reliable mooring monitoring system for successful mooring system integrity management.

| 110 | INTEGRITY MANAGEMENTRennie van Wyk, Geoff Eagan, Steve Hall, Jim Palmer and Gareth John, Intertek, USA and UK, discuss comprehensive pipeline integrity programmes.

FMC Technologies has developed subsea well intervention technologies and services that enable cost-effective workover operations from a vessel, avoiding the need for expensive rigs. Equipped with systems like the one on this months cover, operators are revitalising wells and maximising recovery from mature fields in the North Sea.

On this months cover >>

April 2013 Volume 06 Issue 04

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3OILFIELD TECHNOLOGY

April 2013

Anna Scordos

Editor

comment

Oilfield Technology subscription rates: Annual subscription 80 UK including postage/95/e130 overseas (postage airmail)/US$ 130 USA/Canada (postage airmail). Two year discounted rate 128 UK including postage/152/e208 overseas (postage airmail)/US$ 208 USA/Canada (postage airmail). Subscription claims: Claims for non receipt of issues must be made within three months of publication of the issue or they will not be honoured without charge. Applicable only to USA & Canada: Oilfield Technology Magazine (ISSN No: 1757-2134, USPS: 025-171) is published monthly by Palladian Publications Ltd GBR and distributed in the USA by SPP, 17B S Middlesex Ave, Monroe NJ 08831. Periodicals postage paid at New Brunswick, NJ. Postmaster: Send address changes to Palladian Publications, 17B S Middlesex Ave, Monroe NJ 08831.

Contact information >>

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In my December 2012 Editors Comment, I discussed the hot topic of the global oil and gas skills shortage. So far in 2013, that topic is still a hot one.At the end of March, an Oil and Gas Sector Strategy to

secure billions of pounds of future investment and thousands of oil and gas jobs was announced by the UK government. Part of the strategy is to address the skills shortage of mid-level career engineers. The government has stated that it will aim to work with industry to establish a national programme to retrain ex-military personnel in order to smooth the progress of their redeployment into the oil and gas industry. Over the years, Ive noticed that many of the successful engineers and senior managers Ive come into contact with in the O&G space are ex-military personnel, and it is certainly often the case that ex-military candidates possess certain attributes that ensure they are a good t for a career in the global O&G industry.

The government has also recently introduced The Shortage Occupation List, which outlines 20 new job categories that are to be exempt from the usual strict immigration rules. While not essentially tackling the global skills shortage per se, this move means that oil and gas companies operating in the North Sea will be able to cut through an inordinate amount of red tape and hire workers from outside Europe; allowing companies to more easily ll critical positions.

However, while the UK is making some steps to welcome more internationally skilled candidates into its workforce, the US remains notorious for the tough hurdles it places in the way of highly educated foreign workers who are ready, willing and able to contribute to the growth of its economy.

On 1 April every year, the US government accepts applications for its H1B visa, which allows highly skilled foreigners the right to work in the US for a US company, for a period of 3 years. This year, the quota was lled in just ve days, which suggests that the US economy is on its way up. However, the Financial Times Edward Luce recently pointed out just how undersized this set quota really is: There are only 65 000 H1B visas given out annually, plus another 20 000 to foreign graduates [of US universities]. [] With less than a tenth of Americas population, Australia hands out 129 000 green cards a year. He points out that the US visa system does its best to deter educated foreigners while in practice accepting an outsized share of the worlds migrant poor. [] The net result is a gradually unfolding blow to US competitiveness. With the US set to support a bill this year to put its 11 million illegal immigrants on the road to legal citizenship, the foreign work visa issue is certainly contentious against this backdrop.

In Februarys State of the Union Address, President Obama highlighted the promise held in American energy, and outlined one of his top priorities as, Making America a magnet for new jobs and manufacturing. But for the US to maintain its position as a technological global lead and generate future jobs for Americans, wont it need a little help from its friends? Friends in the form of highly skilled innovators from around the world? President Obama went on to deduce, Real reform means xing the legal immigration system to cut waiting periods, reduce bureaucracy, and attract the highly skilled entrepreneurs and engineers that will help create jobs and grow our economy. In other words, we know what needs to be done. [] Now lets get this done. Send me a comprehensive immigration reform bill in the next few months, and I will sign it right away. Judging by the overwhelming wave of H1B applications in April, there will surely be plenty of US companies ready to hand him the pen. O T

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05OILFIELD TECHNOLOGYApril 2013

world news

inbrief

The Kremlin has reported that Shell and Gazprom Neft have signed an agreement covering joint offshore drilling in the Russian Arctic.

Shells Chief Executive, Peter Voser was quoted last year as saying that, From a strategic point of view [Shell] are open to further investments in Russia and therefore are looking at opportunities in oil or LNG. We have talked with the various players. Those talks include Gazprom.

Shell already works with Gazprom Neft on developing onshore oil resources, and is even involved with the Russian companys parent, OAO Gazprom, on the Sakhalin-2 gas project in Eastern Siberia.

Gazprom is one of only two companies that has been granted permission by the Russian government to conduct oil and gas operations on

the countrys Arctic shelf. The other company, Rosneft, has been striking deals with IOCs in order to gain access to the expertise and technology required for operations in harsh Arctic conditions. The Kremlin has also announced changes to the tax regime in a bid to make investment more attractive to foreign companies.

Despite the challenges involved in operating in the Arctic, it still remains tempting, as the region is believed to hold a significant portion of the worlds remaining undiscovered oil and gas reserves.

Shell has recently had to postpone operations in the Arctic offshore Alaska after a series of delays, regulatory concerns and setbacks prevented the company from making any significant progress. The company is to resume drilling offshore Alaska in 2014.

UK NORTH SEAAccording to reports, a combination of new technology and new operators are set to push the UK North Seas overall production up by a third (to 2 million bpd up from 1.55 million bpd) by 2017.

14 new oilfields are set to begin production in the region over the next two years. Declining production in the UK North Sea has been attributed as one of the causes behind the UK economys drop towards a third recession in under five years.

BRAZILBrazils upcoming oil block auction has attracted over 70 companies, including: ExxonMobil, CNOOC, Premier Oil, Hess Corp., and GDF Suez.

The Brazilian national petroleum agency, ANP, is now tasked with sorting the documentation provided by interested companies. The next hurdle for interested parties is the deadline for financial guarantees later this month.

The blocks covered by the auction are located offshore Brazils north and northeastern coasts, and are from a different geological formation than Brazils famous pre-salt fields.

VIETNAMPetrovietnam, Vietnams national oil company, has announced that it will continue to conduct offshore oil and gas exploration despite a territorial dispute with China.

The companys Chief Executive, Do Van Hau has said, Our petroleum activities over the past years have completely been conducted in the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of Vietnam, [...] in compliance [with] the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

// Shell & Gazprom Neft // Russian Arctic shelf exploration agreement

Hess Corp. has announced that it has agreed to sell its Russian subsidiary, Samara, to OAO Lukoil for US$ 1.8 billion as part of an ongoing process to stabilise the companys finances, placate shareholders and boost profits.

The sale comes in the wake of Hess Corp.s divestment of assets in the UK North Sea, South Texas and Azerbaijan, and brings the total raised by Hess so far to US$ 3.4 billion. Announcement of the sale has seen Hesss shares rise by 2%.

Samara, which is based in the Volga-Urals region of Russia, has assets covering 60 fields and two oil treatment plants, and has been producing since 2001. At present, the company produces approximately 50 000 bpd.

Shares in the UK-listed company, Heritage Oil, dropped by 7% after the ruling of an international arbitration tribunal went against the company.

The case focuses around US$ 400 million of unpaid taxes that the Ugandan government believes it is owed by Heritage. This ruling marks the second legal victory by the Ugandan government in this dispute, after a Ugandan court also ruled against the company.

Heritage has responded by claiming that the ruling opens up further arguments; namely, that the tax laws were unfairly changed after the production sharing contract had been signed, and that a stabilisation clause in this contract should have protected the company from such changes.

// Hess Corp. // Sells Samara for US$ 1.8 bn

// Heritage Oil // Shares hit by tax ruling

06 OILFIELD TECHNOLOGYApril 2013

diarydates

webnews highlights

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To read more about these articles and for more event listings go to:

world news

Norwegian offshore O&G strike called off at last minute

Lundin strikes it lucky at Luno 2 Ethiopia could continue East African Oil Boom

06 - 09 MayOTCHouston, TexasE: [email protected]/2013

20 - 22 MayGlobal Energy Security Conference 2013Dubai, U.A.E.E: [email protected]/global-security

20 - 22 MayThe 6th Deepwater Asia CongressJakarta, IndonesiaE: [email protected]

10 - 13 JuneEAGELondon, UKE: [email protected] // Providence Resources // Barryroe

sees upgrade to 311 million bbls

Irish explorer, Providence Resources, has had further good luck with its Celtic Sea Barryroe discovery as third party audits have raised the fields recoverable reserves to 311 million bbls of oil and 207 billion ft3 of natural gas, or 346 million boe when combined.

In total, the Basal Wealden and Middle Wealden reservoirs of the Barryroe find are believed to hold over 1 billion bbls of oil in place. Netherland Sewell & Associates conducted the audit on the Basal Wealden reservoir, and found 266 million bbls of oil and 187 billion ft3 of associated gas. In 2011, RPS Energy conducted an audit of the Middle Wealden reservoir and found 45 million bbls and 21 billion ft3 of associated gas.

Providences Technical Director, John OSullivan said, This third party resource audit by Netherland Sewell & Associates further validates the significant volumetric and recoverable resources of the Basal Wealden oil reservoir in the Barryroe field, which [the company] first reported on last summer. In addition, the audit has demonstrated that there are significant volumes of associated gas in solution.

Production studies on the field suggest that, using horizontal wells, it would be possible to attain 100 000 bpd from each platform.

According to Noble Energy, the Tamar natural gas field offshore Israel is now online and is producing approximately 300 million ft3. The gross resource estimate for the field has also been boosted to 10 trillion ft3.

Gas flows from the five wells of the Tamar field began at the end of last month and have now stabilised. Combined with the Mari-B Well at the Yam Tethys field, total production is approximately 500 million ft3. This figure is predicted to rise to 700 million ft3 over the course of this year.

The future growth of the Tamar field could be significant as each of the five wells currently producing are technically capable of producing 250 million ft3 each.

It has been just over four years from discovery of the field to production.

Norwegian state player, Statoil, has announced that it has increased production from its oil sands assets by more than 60%, whilst also reducing the CO2 output from the extraction process by 24%.

The companys SAGD Leismer Demonstration Project in Northern Alberta, Canada, which is run under a partnership with PTTEP, began production in early 2011. Last year, the company produced an average of 16 333 bpd from Leismer, with a steam-oil ratio of 2.5.

Statoil is to decide next year whether or not to expand its oil sands operations in Canada from 2017. The company had been expected to develop the 40 000 bpd Corner project in the next two years, but this may not now take place for four years.

// Noble Energy // Tamar now online

// Statoil // Oil sands: production rising

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product news

08 OILFIELD TECHNOLOGYApril 2013

// Scienti c Drilling // Next generation mud pulse MWD system launched

Scientific Drilling International (SDI), based in Houston, USA, has announced the launch of a next generation mud pulse MWD system. The FALCON MWD is designed to offer superior reliability, precision wellbore placement, higher durability, deeper reach, safer operations and faster drilling.

The device is a full-featured mud pulse MWD system that provides a telemetry mechanism for other SDI MWD, gyrdoMWD, LWD rotary steerable and Smart Motor components. The control module has also been given the capability to measure basic drilling dynamics as well as mud flow and rotation for the purposes of drilling optimisation and power management.

Features of the system include: Bi-directional mud pulse telemetry. Positive pulse (3 - 5 bits per sec.). Full accelerometer and drilling dynamics package. Rugged thread mount throughout. Surface equipment and softare upgrades. BHA sizes from 3 to 9 in. Flow rates from 50 - 1500 gpm. TUF preventative maintenance process.// Schramm // A new series of mobile rigs ready for the Marcellus and Utica Shales

A new range of mobile, land-based hydraulic drill rigs, designed by Schramm Inc., is ready for operations in the Marcellus and Utica Shales.

The mobile T500XD Telemast rig, which can be delivered in an eight truckload package, is rated for hook SVHKZVMSIZHUKPZKLZPNULK^P[OM\SS^HSRPUNportability for fast moves from hole to hole without the traditional limits of two axis pad mounted designs.

The design of the rigs has also been focused around horizontal and directional drilling with a total depth of at least 15 000 ft. In addition, weight on bit can be controlled without drill collars or a reliance on gross string weight. The rigs can also provide 35 000 ft-lbs of top torque, a directional steering interface, and 80 000 lbs of hydraulic pulldown capacity.

The new rigs are also equipped with a LoadSafe XD pipehandling automation system that is capable of handling 24 in. diameter Range III tubulars weighing up to 10 000 lbs; drill pipe is racked horizontally for easy loading and offloading, which greatly improves operator safety.Figure 1. The T500XD Telemast mobile drill rig.

Figure 1. A graphic rendering of the FALCON MWD in operation.

The gift that keeps on giving

10

Oilfield Technology Correspondent Mark Robinson reports on the continuing viability and strategic importance of the Gulf of Mexico.

The great American author Mark Twain was quoted as saying, The reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated. The same might be said of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), that prodigious oil-producing region bordered by the southern USA, Mexico and Cuba. Following the Macondo spill and US government moratorium on E&P activity during 2010 - 2011, oil production in the GoM region has been steadily climbing to near pre-spill levels. While the US shale oil and gas revolution has recently overtaken much of the media, the GoM remains an important part of the oil producers strategic plans.

To understand the GoMs lure as a strategic play for many of the worlds largest oil companies, one has to consider the regions geology. 150 to 160 million years ago, during what is known as the Jurassic period, Mexicos Yucatan peninsula began separating from the North American continent. According to many NLVSVNPZ[ZZHS[^H[LYV^LKPU[V^OH[PZUV^[OL.V4YLNPVUVUS`[VSH[LYL]HWVYH[LSLH]PUN[OLYLZPK\HSZHS[VU[OLVJLHUVVYOver the ensuing millions of years, the level of salt left behind built up to a point where, in some places, layers of salt are now tens of thousands of feet thick. Moreover, the continual shifting of geological formations over the ensuing years has built salt canopies. Underneath these canopies lie the oil discoveries that, over the last 20 - 30 years, have allowed production in the GoM region to boom.

According to the American Oil & Gas Historical Society, (TLYPJHZVMMZOVYLVPSPUK\Z[Y`ILNHUPU[OL7HJPJ6JLHU^P[Odrilling and production piers at Summerland, California. However, in 1938, Pure Oil Co. and Superior Oil Co. built a freestanding drilling platform in the GoM, despite logistics, engineering and communications challenges. They hired a Houston engineering and construction company, Brown & Root Marine Operators, Inc., to build a 320 ft by 180 ft freestanding wooden deck in 14 ft of water a mile offshore. The chosen drilling site was near Creole, Louisiana. With that platform, the US offshore industry had begun and the GoM was about to play an important strategic role.

Macondo-Gulf spill fuels new safety innovationsIt is no surprise that the Macondo disaster pressured oil companies into focusing their technological skills on developing safety innovations. Prime targets for these innovations include newer versions of the blowout preventer, containment devices and underwater vacuums that siphon oil and gas from a leaking well.

No less than three new versions of blowout preventers have appeared on the market over the last 18 months. In some of the new versions, the blowout preventer itself is equipped with hydraulic-powered blades known as a shear ram that can cut the drill pipe that extends into the earths crust. National Oilwell Varco Inc. rolled out a shear ram with opposing shears in the shape of the letter w. According to the company, the

11

Nexens ENSCO 8501 rig in the Knotty Head region of the Gulf of Mexico. Photo courtesy of Nexen Inc.

shears puncture the drill pipe as they converge on it, a design that is capable of slicing through thicker pipes with less force. Not to be outdone, Cameron Internationals new shear ram can cut through and seal thicker pipe. GEs Oil and Gas division has been promoting a suite of blowout-prevention equipment, including a new design that increases the force available to the shears.

Major oil companies have historically banded together to JVKL]LSVWLSKZHUK[OLÒH]LYLJLU[S`JYLH[LKHJVUZVY[P\Tcalled the Marine Well Containment Co. or MWCC. The MWCC is a joint effort created by ExxonMobil, Chevron, Royal Dutch Shell Plc. and ConocoPhillips and has a total common investment of US$ 1 billion. Six other companies are members of MWCC and include BP, Apache Corp., Statoil, BHP Billiton Ltd, Anadarko Petroleum and Hess Corp. The consortium has created a containment system capable of capturing up to 100 000 bpd from an oil gusher as deep as 10 000 ft below the surface. In the event of a deepwater crisis, the 30 ft tall, 100 stack spill containment device is lowered on top of a gusher and works to either kill the V^VYM\UULS[OLLZJHWPUNVPS[VZOPWZÔLYLP[JHUILYLJV]LYLK(JJVYKPUN[V4>**VMJPHSZ[OLUL^KL]PJLJV\SK[HRL\W[VVUS`10 days to stop a spill rather than three months as was previously observed.

(UV[OLYZPNUPJHU[PUUV]H[PVUPZ[OLNoble Bully 1, a new type of drill ship that has been developed by Royal Dutch Shell Plc. This new vessel is equipped with state-of-the-art information technology, including powerful new data imaging tools and predictive analytics software. The ships design helps Shell drill wells faster, more safely, and at a lower cost than has historically been observed. According to Shells deepwater operations manager David Loeb, Since I started out in the industry, the water has gotten deeper,

the wells have gotten deeper and the technology has gotten much more challenging. The Bully was co-developed by Shell and Frontier Drilling, now owned by Noble Corp.

As regulatory scrutiny increasesWhile oil companies have been creating innovative methods for containing future spills, governments in countries with a deepwater PUK\Z[YÒH]LILLUPUJYLHZPUNSÙL[\UPUN[OLPYYLN\SH[VY`programmes. In a report following the Macondo spill, the US National Commission concluded that other countries such as Britain and Norway have better regulatory systems in place than those in the US.

Changes to the US regulatory regime are now being modelled after the UK system, which was introduced in 1990 following the July 1988 Piper Alpha disaster. One important change is that responsibilities for awarding drilling permits and overseeing safety activities were split between two agencies: the Department of Energy and Climate Change and the Health and Safety Executive now control this process respectively. The US has followed this example by disbanding the Minerals Management Service and replacing it with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. Further change was enacted resulting in the safety-case system, which forces companies to persuade the government regulator that [OLÒH]LUV[VUS`PKLU[PLKWV[LU[PHSOHaHYKZHUKYPZRZI\[OH]Lcorrected them as well.

Drilling increases in the GulfAs the GoM returns to a period of normalcy not seen since April 2010 and the Macondo incident, the US Government, in December 2011,

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13OILFIELD TECHNOLOGY

April 2013

reserves of this magnitude and depth highlight the attention that will need to be paid to safety issues. US and Mexican VMJPHSZHYLRLLU[V^VYR[VNL[OLY[VLUZ\YLthat projects meet the safety standards VMIV[OUH[PVUZHUKSH`[OLMYHTL^VYRMVYmore co-operation to develop uniform safety guidelines.

Shallow water drilling makes a comebackAlthough deepwater drilling in the .V4OHZILLUVMZPNUPJHU[Z[YH[LNPJimportance to oil companies, E&P activity in shallow water has also staged a JVTLIHJR(ZYLJLU[S`HZ(WYPSSHZ[`LHY37 shallow water rigs were under contract to drill. This number is up 32% from the low point in January 2011. According to data from RigData Offshore, US Federal regulators issued 10 permits for new wells in shallow GoM waters during February 2012, the second-highest monthly total since the Deepwater Horizon incident. :VTL`LHYZHM[LY[OLYZ[VMMZOVYL^LSSwas drilled in the GoM, the region still plays a strategic role for many companies.

GoM offers favourable attributes>OH[THRLZ[OL.V4H]PHISLWSHJL[Vdo business? One of the factors driving the resurgence in GoM production is the price of oil. Over the last six months, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil has

averaged around US$ 90 to US$ 100 per bbl. High, but steady oil prices give producers the incentive necessary to continue drilling not only in deepwater but also in the GoMs shallow waters as well.

Oil produced in the GoM can be even more valuable than land-based crude because it does not have to be delivered to YLULYPLZ\ZPUN[OLV]LY[H_LKWPWLSPULZ`Z[LT;OLPKLHSZJLUHYPVPZ[OH[JY\KLVPSPZSVHKLKVU[V[HURLYZHUKZOPWWLKHU`ÔLYLPU[OL^VYSK;VTHRLKYPSSPUNTVYLWHSH[HISL[VVPSJVTWHUPLZthe Obama Administration recently overhauled requirements for .V4KYPSSPUNWLYTP[Z6MJPHSZYLTV]LKHU\TILYVM^HP]LYZ[OH[allow drillers to bypass some environmental reviews and added additional safety measures, including the advanced spill-containment equipment mentioned earlier. Another characteristic that has enabled the revival in GoM drilling is an improvement in seismic technology that gives E&P managers a clearer picture of precisely where to drill.

Coupled with pricing, geographical location, streamlined permitting and a favourable tax and royalty regime in place, it is no wonder why the GoM is highly favoured by the E&P industry.

Conclusion4HYR;^ HPUTHKLOPZMHTV\ZZ[H[LTLU[HM[LYOLHYPUN[OH[OPZVIP[\HYÒHKTPZ[HRLUSÌLLUW\ISPZOLKPU[OLNew York Journal and OL^LU[VU[VW\ISPZOTHU`NYLH[^VYRZ(STVZ[VUL`LHYHNV[OLGulf of Mexico was being referred to as the Dead Sea by the E&P industry. It is now clear that the prediction of its death is also premature. O T

Figure 1. The Gulf of Mexico. Image modi ed from ESRI data and maps 2000.

Figure 2. Gulf of Mexico crude-oil production, in millions of bbls a day. Source: Energy Information Administration.

unsealed more than US$ 330 million in ^PUUPUNIPKZMVYKYPSSPUNSLHZLZ[OLYZ[offered there in almost three years. Some 21 million acres of federal waters were available and could lead to more than 400 million bbls of new oil production. Most of the supermajors, including BP, state that as industry leaders, they intend to remain active investors in the GoM. (JJVYKPUN[V[OLU)7ZWVRLZWLYZVUDaren Beaudo, the company intends to be active in all facets of the GoM: as explorer, developer, operator and interest owner.

A renaissance of new discoveriesDespite predictions of a slowdown in GoM E&P activity, oil companies continue to THRLSHYNLKPZJV]LYPLZWYV]PUN[OH[[OLregion remains a strategic priority. During :LW[LTILY*OL]YVUTHKLHUVPSLSKdiscovery approximately 200 miles off the Louisiana coast in 6700 ft of water. The Moccasin prospect will undergo additional HWWYHPZHS[VJVUYT[OLL_[LU[VM[OLresource. ExxonMobil has also made ZPNUPJHU[KPZJV]LYPLZPU[OL/HKYPHUWYVZWLJ[ÔPSLH[OPYKKPZJV]LY`JVUYTLKthe area contained 700 million bbls of oil and gas. Around the same time, BP HUUV\UJLKHZPNUPJHU[YLZV\YJLL_[LUZPVUH[P[ZKLLW^H[LY4HK+VNLSK)7ZH`Zthat the entirety of the Mad Dog complex has some 4 billion bbls of oil potentially 2 billion bbls may be recoverable. BPs Tiber, found in 2009, is estimated to hold 3 billion bbls of oil. ;OLZLKPZJV]LYPLZHYLVJJ\YYPUNPUHSH`LYVMYVJRRUVÛHZ[OLLower Tertiary, which many analysts believe could hold as much as 15 billion bbls of recoverable oil.

As important as these new discoveries are to the overall potential amounts of recoverable oil, they are just as important to Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) in its bid to help Mexico reclaim its former glory as a major oil-producing nation. Recently, the US and Mexico reached an agreement that would allow oil and gas drilling in more than 1.3 million acres in the GoM. The agreement signed in February 2012 by former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Mexican Foreign Minister Patricia Espinosa, establishes a legally IPUKPUNMYHTL^VYRMVY

N DEEP WATERRachel Stoneh

ouse, Douglas-Westwood, UK

,

looks at the forecasted globa

l deepwater Capex of

US$ 223 billion for 2013 - 2

017 and reveals what

it will be spent on, and who w

ill be spending it.

MONEY

14

The 2013 outlook for the deepwater business is clearly VULVMZPNUPJHU[SVUN[LYTVWWVY[\UP[ `(ZKLLW^H[LYWYVQLJ[ZILJVTLPUJYLHZPUNS`JHWP[HSPU[LUZP]L[OLYLPZHULJVUVTPJJOHSSLUNLMVYL_WSVYH[PVUHUKWYVK\J[PVU,7JVTWHUPLZHUKHZPNUPJHU[WV[LU[PHSWYPaLMVYPU[LYUH[PVUHSVPSLSKZLY]PJLHUKLX\PWTLU[]LUKVYZ

The Golden Triangle at the forefront of deepwater expenditure+V\NSHZ>LZ[^VVK+>OHZMVYLJHZ[HNSVIHS*HWL_VMV]LY


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Drivers of deepwater activity+LLW^H[LY,7HJ[P]P[`PZKYP]LUI`H]HYPL[`VMZ\WWS`HUKKLTHUKZPKLMHJ[VYZ! 7V[LU[PHSMVYKPZJV]LYPLZVMSHYNLVPSYLZLY]LZZ\JOHZPU[OL

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(ZWYVK\J[PVUMYVTTH[\YLIHZPUZVUZOVYLHUKPUZOHSSV^^H[LYKLJSPULZKL]LSVWTLU[VMKLLW^H[LYYLZLY]LZOHZILJVTLPUJYLHZPUNS`]P[HS9VI\Z[VPSWYPJLZZ\WWVY[PU]LZ[TLU[PUKLLW^H[LYKL]LSVWTLU[Z;OLZ\Z[HPULKPUJYLHZLPUVPSWYPJLZ[OH[OHZVJJ\YYLKV]LY[OLWHZ[ML^`LHYZOHZPUJYLHZLKJVUKLUJLPU[OLZLJ[VY^P[OKLLW^H[LYWYVQLJ[ZILPUN]PHISLH[PUKQHTTLY4VaHTIPX\L

5PNLYPHPZ(MYPJHZSHYNLZ[VPSWYVK\JLYHUKOHZHULZ[HISPZOLKKLLW^H[LYVPSHUKNHZPUK\Z[Y`^P[OTHQVYWSH`LYZPUJS\KPUN:OLSS)7,__VU4VIPS,50*OL]YVU;V[HSHUK*VUVJV7OPSSPWZ7YVK\J[PVUPZ\UKLY^H`MYVT[OL(NIHTP(RWVHUKLZ[HUK,NPUHIV[OVMÔPJOHYLSHYNLKL]LSVWTLU[Z

North America;OLNSVIHSLJVUVTPJYLJLZZPVUSLK[VHZPNUPJHU[KVÛ[\YUPUHJ[P]P[`PU PU[OPZYLNPVU0UHKKP[PVU[V[OPZ[OL4HJVUKVPUJPKLU[PUHUK[OLZ\IZLX\LU[KLLW^H[LYKYPSSPUNTVYH[VYP\TYLZ\S[LKPUVPSWYVK\J[PVUMYVT[OL

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area for development. The region is expected to see ZPNUPJHU[NYV^[OV]LY[OLUL_[]L`LHYZ^P[O[OL[V[HSexpenditure in 2013 - 2017 reaching over US$ 16 billion as KLLW^H[LYWYVQLJ[ZJVU[PU\L[VILKL]LSVWLKZ\JOHZ[OL2YPZOUH.VKH]HYP)HZPU0UKPHHUKLZWLJPHSS`[OL\S[YHKLLW+ZH[LSSP[LLSKZ

Eastern Europe and FSU;OPZYLNPVUPZWYLKVTPUHU[S`ZOHSSV^^H[LYHUKWYL]PV\ZL_WLUKP[\YLOHZILLUSHYNLS`YLSH[LK[V[OLKLLW^H[LY.\UHZOSPLSKPU(aLYIHPQHUPUHKKP[PVU[V[Y\URSPULWYVQLJ[Z;OL:V\[O:[YLHTWPWLSPULJVU[YPI\[LZ[OLTHQVYP[`VM[OLLZ[LYU,\YVWLHUZOHSSV^VPSLSKZOH]LILLUMHJPUNKLJSPUPUNWYVK\J[PVU[OLYLMVYLKLLW^H[LYKL]LSVWTLU[Zare important in order to offset this. The region expects HSTVZ[LZ[VM[OL:OL[SHUKZHUKPU[OL5VY^LNPHUHUK)HYLU[Z:LHZ;Y\URSPULZKYP]LHSV[VM[OPZZWLUKHZSHYNLWYVQLJ[ZZ\JOHZ[OL3HNNHU;VYTVYLWPWLSPULÔPJO[PLZ[OLZLKLLW^H[LYNHZLSKZIHJR[VZOVYLHYLPTWSLTLU[LK

Component forecast;OLKLLW^H[LYTHYRL[JHUILIYVRLUKVÛPU[V[OLMVSSV^PUNsectors:

Drilling and completion (units);OPZPUJS\KLZ^L[Z\IZLHJVTWSL[LKHUKKY`Z\YMHJLJVTWSL[LKKL]LSVWTLU[^LSSZ6M[OLOPSZ[-7:ZHYLUV[[OLVUS`LSKKL]LSVWTLU[VW[PVUL_WLYPLUJPUNKLSH`ZHZ[OL`HYLWHY[PJ\SHYS`JHWP[HSPU[LUZP]LZSPWWHNLVMWYVQLJ[ZPTWHJ[Z\WVU+>ZMVYLJHZ[L_WLUKP[\YL

:PTPSHYS `[Y\URSPULZJVU[YPI\[LHSHYNLWLYJLU[HNLVMKLLW^H[LYWYVQLJ[ZHUKNLVWVSP[PJHSPZZ\LZJHUJH\ZLSVUNKLSH`ZHZ[Y\URSPULZYLX\PYL[OLJVVWLYH[PVUVMNV]LYUTLU[ZVMIV[O[YHUZP[HUKJVUZ\TLYJV\U[YPLZÔPJOJHUILL_[YLTLS`[PTLJVUZ\TPUNHUKJVZ[S `

Conclusions+LZWP[L[OLKLSH`ZJH\ZLKI`SVJHSJVU[LU[YLX\PYLTLU[ZHUKNLVWVSP[PJHSKPZW\[LZZPNUPJHU[PU]LZ[TLU[^PSSVJJ\YPU[OL.VSKLU;YPHUNSL^P[O7L[YVIYHZPU]LZ[PUNOLH]PS`PUKL]LSVWPUN[OL)YHaPSPHUWYLZHS[IHZPUZ9LNPVUZZ\JOHZ(ZPH^P[OOPZ[VYPJHSS`SV^SL]LSZVMKLLW^H[LYHJ[P]P[`^PSSL_WLYPLUJLHZ[V\UKPUNNYV^[OV]LY[OLUL_[]L`LHYZ9LJLU[KPZJV]LYPLZPU,HZ[(MYPJH^PSSILKL]LSVWLK[V^HYKZ[OLLUKof the decade.

/PNOVPSWYPJLZHYLKYP]PUNKLLW^H[LYHJ[P]P[`K\L[V[OLPUJYLHZLK]PHIPSP[`VMWYVQLJ[Z"OV^L]LY[LJOUVSVNPJHSadvances and increased cost-effectiveness of existing [LJOUVSVNPLZ^PSSILYLX\PYLK[VLUZ\YL[OL]PHIPSP[`VMM\[\YLWYVZWLJ[ZPUIV[OL_PZ[PUNHUKUL^KLLW^H[LYWYV]PUJLZ-\Y[OLYTVYLIHYYPLYZ[VUHUJPUNHYLILPUNYLK\JLKHZLX\P[`THYRL[ZZOV^ZPNUZVMYLJV]LY `YLZ\S[PUNPUHUL_[YLTLS`WVZP[P]LV\[SVVRMVY[OLKLLW^H[LYPUK\Z[Y ` O T

Operators are moving into deeper water environments and expanding their oil and gas productions into remote regions such as the arctic. Siemens is helping to make these field developments technologically and economically possible with an extensive portfolio of subsea products and systems. Covering everything from connectors and sensors to topside and onshore power supply, in-field subsea power distribution, control, surveillance and processing technologies, we enable enhanced recovery

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in the most challenging locations. Combining this with advancements in engineering and quality for improved reliability and monitoring, Siemens also offers best-in-class OPEX minimization. As an example, our industry leading subsea power systems integrate medium voltage switchgear, step-down transformers and variable-speed drives, enabling wider adoption of large-scale processing equipment in the subsea domain.

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Visit us atOTC 2013,Houston,Booth 5341

Michael ODriscoll, Joao Ruiz and Milton Pereira, on behalf of Acteon, use the example of a deepwater conductor

installation project to show how group collaboration can allow major obstacles to be overcome.

Several Acteon companies worked together to deliver a highly challenging conductor installation WYVQLJ[MVY[OL7HWH;LYYHVPSLSKPUTwater depths in the southern Campos basin, Brazil. Petrobras operates the Papa ;LYYHJVUJLZZPVUHUKOHZHPU[LYLZ["*OL]YVUOVSKZ[OLYLTHPUPUN

0U4HYJO7L[YVIYHZJOHSSLUNLKInterMoor do Brasil to install drilling and production conductors with a tolerance VMSLZZ[OHUJTVMMJLU[YL\ZPUNP[Zconductor installation methodology.

The company was to install the conductors before the arrival of the drilling YPN;OLRL`ILUL[ZVMWYLPUZ[HSSH[PVUHYLthat it removes this task from the critical LSKKL]LSVWTLU[WH[OHUKLSPTPUH[LZP[from the rig procedures so that SV^LYJVZ[WSH[MVYTZJHUIL\[PSPZLK[Vsupport the offshore installation. In addition, the operator does not have to pay a drilling spread rate for this type of operation.

Preparation;OL[HZR^HZ[VTHU\MHJ[\YLJVUK\J[VYZVMPUV\[ZPKLKPHTL[LYPU^HSS[OPJRULZZHUK TSLUN[OHUK[VPUZ[HSSVM[OLTPUJVU[YHJ[KH`Z;OLWPWLZ\WWSPLY^HZ[V\ZLVM[OLZLKH`Z[Vfabricate the pipes in Morgan City, Louisiana, USA, and deliver them. The challenge was further complicated by the turnkey nature of the project: design, fabrication and installation of the conductors to strict inclination, position and height tolerances.

InterMoor and MENCK performed an installation review focusing on the impact KYP]PUNVM[OLZPUNSLWPLJLJVUK\J[VYZ-YVTthe soil data provided, it was decided that

\ZPUN[OL4,5*24/

Many hands make

Figure 1. Conductor fabrication.

21


level logistics process to transport them safely to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, began. Barges were used for the inland transit from Morgan City to Houston followed by a vessel to Rio de Janeiro. This vessel was equipped with two heavy cranes capable of loading the conductors and templates in Houston and VMVHKPUN[OLTKPYLJ[S`VU[VIHYNLZPU)YHaPS;OLVMVHKPUN^HZperformed in two days after the installation vessel arrived and without incident.

Working offshore>VYRVMMZOVYLJVTTLUJLKPU[OLYZ[X\HY[LYVMSHZ[`LHY^P[Otemplate installation using a chartered installation vessel equipped with a 250 t offshore crane with active heave compensation, as one of the main challenges on location concerned the positioning and installation tolerances. These were within 30 cm of the JVUK\J[VY[HYNL[WVZP[PVUHUKH[SLZZ[OHUPUJSPUH[PVUHUK10 cm stick-up.

-VY[OPZW\YWVZL]LPUKP]PK\HS[LTWSH[LZ^LYLKLZPNULKEach 35 t template measured 24 m x 4.5 m x 1.5 m and would guide three conductors. The templates were needed in a very short delivery time and their manufacturing required an extraordinary amount of collaboration to ensure that the installation measurements would be accurate. The work included onshore 3D modelling of the templates to provide models for use offshore during quality assurance and control. A further challenge was to devise an appropriate procedure for the vessel to lay the templates in the correct position with minimal iteration.

Acteons involvement continued with InterMoor and Seatronics providing survey equipment for the long-baseline survey array, which helped in the control and positioning of the templates. Long-baseline surveyors from NCS Survey worked with InterMoor surveyors during the offshore phase.

To install the conductors, a technique that had only been used once before in deep water was applied: the conductors were launched from an auxiliary barge, the Muliceiro-X, which also transported them to the Papa Terra site, using special tools. The only other project to use this technique so far was an InterMoor project for ShellPetrobrasONGC in the Shell-operated BC-10 LSKPU)YHaPSZ*HTWVZIHZPUPU

Figure 2. Template installation.

Figure 3. Conductor installation.

The Muliceiro-X^HZTVKPLKI`[OLPUZ[HSSH[PVUVM]LYHPSZTwo rails served as the track for a special shuttle system to elevate and transport each conductor to the barges side. The other three rails served to support the conductors and to sea fasten them. The conductors, connected by a towline to the installation vessel, were side launched from the barge using the shuttle system.

Mobilising the MENCK MHU 270T MHP DWS onto the installation vessel was another challenge owing to the limited deck space. Detailed operational procedures for use offshore and the strategic layout of the equipment helped to mitigate these challenges. The company also designed and fabricated a winch frame for the umbilical winch and a chute to deploy the umbilical used to remotely operate the hammer.

Once the Muliceiro-XHYYP]LKVUSVJH[PVU[OL]L[LTWSH[LZbeing already in position on the seabed, the installation vessel came alongside and began the conductor launching sequence. All JVUK\J[VYZ^LYLIH[JOZL[PUVULLSK]PZP[0UZ[LHKVMW\[[PUNone conductor in the mud and then hammering it with the MENCK hammer, the conductors were batch set. This meant that all the JVUK\J[VYZ^LYLPU[OLT\KPUHZ[HISLJVUN\YH[PVUI\[UV[`L[driven to grade. This helped to minimise the outboard handling of [OLOHTTLY;OLML^LY[PTLZHU[WPLJLVMLX\PWTLU[ULLKZ[Vbe handled offshore the better!

By batch setting in this way, the hammer only had to be launched once; it drove all 15 conductors and then it was recovered. That was its total use. This approach saved time offshore and minimised the risks.

A special suction-to-stability head tool was used to handle the conductors and safely launch them from the barge into a stable vertical underwater position. This tool also enabled suction to be used to increase the penetration of the conductors beyond their self-weight penetration depths to the minimum allowable depth. Generally, the suction-to-stability heads can increase the penetration depth by up to 5 m.

Installation was completed in April last year after template YLTV]HSHUK[OLUHSHZSHPKZ\Y]L `(Z\Y]L`[VVSZWLJPHSS`KLZPNULKMVY[OLUHSHZSHPKZ\Y]L`^HZWVZP[PVULKH[[OL[VWVMLHJOJVUK\J[VY;OLZLJVUYTLK[OH[HSS[OLJVUK\J[VYZ^LYLPU[OLPYUHSWVZP[PVUZ O T

LindsayYoung, OffshoreSolutionsBV, The Netherlands, reveals how a new

generation of personnel-transfer solutions is helping operators cut costs without

cutting back on safety.

Personnel transfer is one of the key challenges in the offshore environment, particularly in regions affected by extreme weather conditions.Fog, high winds, rough sea states and other such adverse

JVUKP[PVUZJHUJH\ZLZPNUPJHU[KLSH`ZHUKYPZRPU[OLtransportation of personnel to offshore installations, with a YLZ\S[HU[PTWHJ[\WVUJVZ[ZHUKLMJPLUJ `

With more than 10 million crew transfers taking place annually across the world in the offshore oil and gas sector alone, either by helicopter, vessel or crane and basket, this is one of the highest risk and most expensive activities in the industry. As such, transfer methods must be proven, reliable and capable of handling the changeable conditions that occur in the offshore environment. This means that organisations must be

able to provide solutions that are both safe, and technically and economically feasible.

Marine access was previously viewed as a decision relating purely to transferring people, but the economic climate HJJLSLYH[LKI`YLJLU[L]LU[ZOHZW\[ZHML[`YTS`PU[OLspotlight and has seen an increased drive towards the walk to work system. By considering alternative opportunities, operators can realise increased platform production, reduced maintenance or project cost and, most importantly, an improved method of protecting people.

An alternative solutionOSBVs Offshore Access System (OAS) provides a cost-effective, practical personnel transfer solution that

Figure 1. The OAS connecting to the Qatar Shell GTL Ltd Pearl 1 platform.

23


MHJPSP[H[LZZHMLHUKLMJPLU[HJJLZZMYVTH]LZZLS[VVMMZOVYLfacilities.

;OLZ`Z[LTPZHTO`KYH\SPJHSS`VWLYH[LK[LSLZJVWPJNHUN^H `[[LK^P[OHUHJ[P]LOLH]LJVTWLUZH[PVUZ`Z[LT>P[OJVU[PU\V\ZOYJVUULJ[PVUHUKVWLYH[PUNJHWHIPSP[ `P[PUJVYWVYH[LZHTV[PVUYLMLYLUJL\UP[PUP[ZHJ[P]LO`KYH\SPJZ`Z[LTÔPJOÔLULUNHNLKTHPU[HPUZ[OL^HSR^H`[PWH[HJVUZ[HU[OLPNO[YLSH[P]L[V[OLOVYPaVU;OPZHSSV^Z[OLNHUN^H`[VILJVUULJ[LKZHMLS`[VH_LKVMMZOVYLPUZ[HSSH[PVUPUZLH

Figure 2. The free standing OAS.

Figure 3. The OAS mounted onboard the Bourbon Gulf Star.

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Multiple benefits(U6(:LX\PWWLK]LZZLS^P[OHJJVTTVKH[PVUPU[OLMPLSKTLHUZ[OH[WLYZVUULSJHUIL[YHUZMLYYLK[V[OLVMMZOVYLMHJPSP[`H[[OLZ[HY[VM[OLPYOYZOPM[:L]LYHSPUZ[HSSH[PVUZJHUILZLY]PJLKI`VUL]LZZLSHUK^P[OH]HPSHISL THUOV\YZVULHJOPUZ[HSSH[PVUPUJYLHZPUNI`\W[V\ZPUN[OPZZ`Z[LTHZVWWVZLK[VOLSPJVW[LYZ[OPZLX\H[LZ[V]LY`ZPNUPMPJHU[JVZ[ZH]PUNZMVY[OLVWLYH[VY0UKLWLUKLU[Z[\KPLZOH]LZOVÛ[OLZ`Z[LTZVWLYHIPSP[`PZ\W[VOPNOLY[OHUV[OLYZPTPSHY OLH]LJVTWLUZH[LKZ`Z[LTZ

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(MYLLZ[HUKPUN]LYZPVUVM[OLZ`Z[LTOHZHSZVILLUKL]LSVWLK;OPZZRPKTV\U[LK\UP[JHUILPUZ[HSSLKPUSLZZ[OHUOYZHUK^HZ\ZLKPUMVY[OLMPYZ[ ]LZZLS[V-7:6WLYZVUULS[YHUZMLY\ZPUNHOLH]LJVTWLUZH[LKNHUN^H `

([H[PTLÔLUPUJYLHZLKWYVK\J[P]P[`HUKJVZ[YLK\J[PVUPZVMRL`PTWVY[HUJLPU[OLJVU[PU\LKZ\JJLZZVM[OLPUK\Z[Y `[OLJVZ[ILULMP[ZWYV]PKLK[VVWLYH[VYZ]PH[OLZHMLHUKLMMPJPLU[[YHUZMLYVMWLYZVUULSHYLZPNUPMPJHU[

Case study6ULVM[OLRL`JOHSSLUNLZPU[OLVMMZOVYLLU]PYVUTLU[PZL_[YLTL\UWYLKPJ[HISL^LH[OLYJVUKP[PVUZL]LUPU

the Middle East and as a result, a rise in activity has been seen in the region after first trialling the OAS prototype in Qatar during 2003.

The system was the first heave-compensated access personnel transfer solution to work in the region and has been providing 24 hr personnel access in the Middle East for Qatar Shell GTL Ltd, operator of the worlds largest gas to liquids (GTL) plant, since the completion of sea trials in December 2010 transferring crews to the Pearl 1 and 2 platforms, positioned in The Gulf.

Mounted onboard the Bourbon Gulf Star, the 21 m system provides a permanent connection, enabling the operator to optimise 12 hr shift patterns and to use the OAS vessel as the primary means of escape. The OAS continuous connection and operating capability was a key element of this success. As well as the robust physical connection, this OAS was specifically adapted

Marine access systems will be increasingly used

in the transfer of personnel to offshore

structures in the future.

to perform for extended periods in demanding climatic conditions.

Despite a challenging environment, the unique continuous 24 hr connection capability allowed staff to leave the platform for the vessel during periods of high temperature and humidity; returning to work during cooler periods of the day a demonstration of the flexibility and efficiency of the system.

The system mounted onboard the Bourbon Gulf Star has been connected for more than 5000 hrs since operations began. More than 63 000 personnel transfers have taken place without any safety incidents.

The future It is highly likely that marine access systems will be increasingly used in the transfer of personnel to offshore structures in the future. It has become clear that operators worldwide are beginning to challenge their existing operating models.

Marine access was previously viewed as a decision relating solely to transferring people, but the economic drivers for the selection of a walk to work system are mainly those of increasing platform production and reducing maintenance or project cost. The OAS can facilitate these through its use, in conjunction with the right vessel, by increasing the available workforce man-hours (reduced shuttling time and more reliable platform access when compared with crew boats) or by reducing costs (when compared to jack-ups and helicopters). O T

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DanielYounger, CYPartners, UK, examines some of the recruitment challenges facing the global oil and gas industry and the pros and cons of living and working in the offshore sector.

Photo courtesy of BP p.l.c.

The upstream oil and gas industry is an exciting, international, vibrant, skilled and varied industry to work for. The scope of work undertaken in the oil and gas industry is vast. It often works with cutting edge technology, but it also operates in remote, offshore locations, in difficult climates and very high-risk environments.

Recruitment within this industry is different from any other industry out there. This is because the oil and gas sector is one that, unlike many other industries, has not had to downsize because of the economic recession. In fact, the oil and gas industry is on the rise.

Rather than adopting a slash and burn policy of job cuts, closing production and generally reacting in the same way to the global recession as every other industry, the oil and gas sector has managed to survive the most uncertain of economic times by freezing wages and waiting for the storm to pass. That storm has now abated, and the industry has emerged stronger, leaner and ready to do business on a grand scale.

The worlds demand for petroleum-based products has increased, not decreased, and new ways of tapping into the planets resources are being explored on a daily basis. The knock-on effect of this increased level of exploration and industry stability means that oil and gas jobs are now highly desirable and plentiful.

Oil and gas engineers are constantly inventing new technologies to extract oil from increasingly deeper levels beneath the Earths surface. Because of this exploration, engineers are trained to be the best in their field and there are new and excellent opportunities for career progression.

The oil and gas industry has evolved along with the rest of the world and has realised the need to develop new ways of producing clean energy for the global market. There are few industries that offer such long term prospects and employment opportunities, but these can be found in unconventional gas (UCG); this is a relatively new field and is growing rapidly and offers people the chance to develop skills that can be utilised on projects worldwide.

UCG is a perfect example of where new technologies and new employment opportunities are developing worldwide. Large-scale coal mining ended some time ago but coal did not run out and thanks to new technologies and the need to find alternative energy sources, the growth of the coalbed methane (CBM) market looks set to continue for decades to come.

This is an exciting field of work both for existing oil and gas specialists as well as those looking for re-training opportunities, and for those who have faced redundancy from areas of industry that have declined in recent years.

OFFSHORE OCCUPATION

27

The industry on the whole employs a huge skills base and rewards those who are prepared to work hard, use their initiative and are ambitious. With this, comes good pay and ample opportunity for advancement.

The depletion of the UK skills base for jobs in a growing sector has been a worrying statistic in many reports over the last few years and one that needs to be tackled. Alongside the industry boom, a great deal of publicity has been given to the so-called skills gap or talent shortage. This is especially true for the engineers who are the lifeblood of the oil and gas sector.

A maturing workforce, a lack of investment during the 1990s and early 2000s and an increase in science, technology, engineering and maths graduates choosing a career in the City of London as opposed to the oil and gas industry have all been contributors to the situation now faced by the industry. Oil and gas companies are looking to hire experienced and highly skilled engineering professionals from a wide range of disciplines, but the fact is that demand for oil and gas professionals has outstripped supply.

Recruiting staff from other industries where engineers can transfer their skills to oil and gas is very common. Industries such as Defence have proven to be an area where companies are having success in attracting engineers with high-technology backgrounds. Most engineers once in oil and gas feel they do not want to transfer elsewhere.

Recruiters are busy finding a new generation of workers and training programmes have sprung up to prepare them. Some young people are signing on for jobs that promise good pay, but there are still a lot of positions to fill.

The increase in talent demand resulting from so many projects getting the go-ahead has widened the talent gap even further than industry expectations. The future of the oil and gas industry is solid, so long as there is the talent to keep it running.

Below are common advantages and disadvantages of working in the industry.

Oil and gas jobs and rig jobs: advantages Great pay: for engineers who choose to work in the

sector, the financial rewards can be attractive. When it comes to the pay packet of oil gas jobs and rig jobs, they can compete with any industry in the world. Compared to the same job on land, pay is raised by a good percentage when employees are offshore and working on the rig. According to the Oil and Gas Global Salary Guide 2012, industry professionals in the sector enjoy average salaries of 55 850 per annum - more than twice the UKs average salary of 26 244. The guide also suggests that contractors in the North Sea are among the best paid anywhere in the world.

Good career prospects: engineers may start at the bottom of the ladder as a roustabout, but hard work and dedication will soon see people move up the ladder.

Variation of roles and excellent training packages at regular intervals.

Great opportunities for international travel. Oil and gas jobs and rig jobs: disadvantages Being away from family and friends a lot: some find it

difficult to cope with the fly in, fly out rosters.

Difficult working environment: sometimes having to work in remote, hot, difficult environments.

Cramped living: the living quarters are not exactly penthouse suites.

Lack of privacy: lack of privacy in oil and gas jobs and rig jobs is one turn off for many people. Everything seems to be shared with colleagues, right from soap to towels.

Finally, as a general rule, the oil and gas projects require highly skilled workers, with good levels of numeracy and literacy. Maths and science certificates are required in many of the jobs in the oil and gas sector, and training for the various categories of jobs/careers can often take at least three years. O T

Industries such as Defence have proven to be an area where

companies are having success in attracting

engineers.

www.energyg loba l . com/news

READ about the latest developments in drilling and production on Energy Global.

NdjWg^c\ndjgh`^aa#NdjhZindjgeVXZ#

Saudi Aramco is looking for drilling and workover engineers to plan and design some of the most technically advanced multilateral and extended reach horizontal wells in the industry, along with high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) gas and deepwater exploration wells. Saudi Aramco offers a stable and rewarding career and an international lifestyle, with great travel opportunities, a competitive salary and some of the industrys best savings and retirement plans.

6eeancdl#Hiring managers will be conducting prescheduled interviews in May with talented engineering professionals.

lll#6gVbXd#?dWh$DIjcXdbbdcdeedgijc^i^Zh

9G:6B7>H>HNDJGIJGC>CCI#

John Spain, Quickflange, UK, sets out the case for simplicity in offshore

piping operations.

30

As operators move into deeper and more inhospitable offshore environments, the need for simplicity in piping operations has continued to rise up the agenda.

There are a number of reasons for this. Firstly, there is the growing complexity of offshore platforms today. From pumping seawater [OYV\NO[VYLNO[PUNJVVSPUNwater injection for enhanced oil recovery, and the supporting of other offshore equipment, such as compressors and scrubbers, offshore platforms are often characterised by a sprawling network of piping systems.

In such cases, where THPU[LUHUJLTVKPJH[PVUZVYtie-ins are required, operators are looking for processes and technologies that offer minimal disruption to existing operations. This includes avoiding the need for large numbers of extra personnel all with associated costs, and who take up precious platform space.

Another key driver is that of safety. While safety remains the highest priority for offshore operators, any processes that reduce safety concerns and avoid WHWLY^VYRZHML[`JLY[PJH[LZHUK

potentially costly delays are to be welcomed.

(UKUHSS `[OLYLPZ[OLPZZ\Lof cost. With operators looking to maximise production rates, it is essential that any piping repairs have little to no impact VUWYVK\J[PVU(ZLSKZHUKplatforms become that much older (particularly the case in the North Sea), and as operators are faced with ageing piping infrastructures and the threat of potential leaks and corrosion, the LMMLJ[P]LTVKPJH[PVUZHUKYLWHPYZto piping without the need to shut down production and without threats to safety are crucial.

In short, offshore operators today are facing unprecedented topside and subsea challenges in guaranteeing the integrity of their offshore and subsea infrastructures. The case for simplicity in offshore piping operations has never been more compelling!

WeldingSo, are todays piping connections and repair technologies meeting the simplicity threshold?

One of the most common techniques for piping repairs and new connections is that of welding.

31


However, welding fails to meet the simplicity criteria in a number of areas.

Firstly, there is the issue of safety. The fact that welding YLX\PYLZHJJLZZ[VNHZLZPNUP[PVUZV\YJLZHUKHTLZOHZZPNUPJHU[ZHML[`PTWSPJH[PVUZ^P[O[OLULLK[VYLN\SHYS`[LZ[MVYHTTHISLNHZLZZV\YJLHKLX\H[L]LU[PSH[PVUHUKPZVSH[LHYLHZof operation. The need to X-ray the pipe joint and transport radioactive isotopes offshore - used for non-destructive testing (NDT) - also comes with its own set of safety considerations.

The result is that such operations are anything but simple, with permission to conduct welding onsite, for example, often YLX\PYPUN\W[V[^V^LLRZHK]HUJLUV[PJLHUKZPNUPJHU[amounts of paperwork. The actual welding process itself can also necessitate large numbers of personnel to meet regulatory YLX\PYLTLU[Z^P[O[OLL_[YHJVZ[ZHUKSSPUN\WVMHSYLHK`crowded platforms.

Secondly, on occasion, there may be a need to shut down production with welding.

7PWPUNTVKPJH[PVUZVM[LU[HRLWSHJL^P[OPUJVUNLZ[LKareas and when facilities are in operation. While on occasion, a piping tie-in may be relocated onto a line that can be temporarily put out of service, often this will not be possible with the result being a production shutdown of a shorter or longer duration and Z\IZLX\LU[WYVK\J[PVUHUKUHUJPHSSVZZLZMVY[OLVWLYH[VYThis is particularly the case with the traditional cut and weld approach where a branch is added to an existing line and which normally requires the line to be shut-in.

It is with these issues in mind that there is a growing interest PUSV^LYPTWHJ[HUKTVYLL_PISLWPWPUNJVUULJ[PVUZVS\[PVUZOne such alternative is that of cold work solutions.

The benefits of cold-work solutionsCold work solutions dispense with the ignition sources and HTLZHZZVJPH[LK^P[O^LSKPUNHUKKLSP]LYHZLJ\YLHUKleak-free mechanical and pressure-tight connection.

;OL8\PJRHUNLJVSK^VYRZVS\[PVUMVYL_HTWSLJVUZPZ[ZVMHTVKPLKZ[HUKHYK^LSKULJRHUNL^P[OHWH[LU[LKPU[LYUHSNYVV]LWYVSL;OLYLHYLUVTV]PUNWHY[Z^P[OZPTWSPJP[`VMJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHILUL[

;OLHUNLPZTHJOPULKPUZ\JOH^H`[OH[P[JHUZSPKLVU[Vthe pipe and be mechanically joined. A hydraulic tool is then \ZLK[VHJ[P]H[L[OLHUNLHSSV^PUNMVYHTLJOHUPJHSS`YVI\Z[

HUNL[VWPWLJVUULJ[PVU^P[OPUQ\Z[HML^TPU\[LZ-PN\YLV\[SPULZ[OLPUZ[HSSH[PVUWYVJLZZHUKHJ\[H^H`VM[OLHUNL

Typical applications for this solution include pipe work HUKUL^ZWVVS[PLPUZ[OLYLWSHJLTLU[VML_PZ[PUNHUNLZ[[PUNHUNLZPUZWHJLYLZ[YPJ[LKHYLHZYLWSHJPUNKHTHNLKVYcorroded piping, inserting valves, or as a means of avoiding welding in operational areas where space is at a premium.

So, do cold-work solutions lead to greater simplicity in piping operations? The answer is yes.

The increased safety and low impact nature of this particular cold-work solution means that it is easier to install than conventional welding solutions. There is little required paperwork and existing platform personnel can be trained up to deploy it ^P[OUVULLKMVYPUJYLHZLKZ[HMUNSL]LSZHUKL_[YHWSH[MVYTspace.

Cold-work solutions also negate the need for production ZO\[KV^U>P[O[OLVWLYH[PVUVM[LU[HRPUNWSHJLPUHJVUULKarea, there is no adverse impact on production and no need for hot-work permits, pressurised welding habitats, and all the resulting paperwork and costs.

;OLYLPZHSZVPUJYLHZLKZWLLKVMPUZ[HSSH[PVUHUKL_PIPSP[`with this solution, for example, it is able to be combined with already popular cold-work systems, such as pipe cutting and spark-free grinding.

;OLMHJ[[OH[[OPZZVS\[PVUPZTVKPLKMYVTHZ[HUKHYKHUNLunlike other mechanical connection solutions, also means that it can be delivered to the operator within hours without production KLSH`ZHUK^P[OV\[[OLULLK[VHJJLZZZWLJPJTH[LYPHSZHUKZ\WWSPLYZ0[ZL_PIPSP[`HSZVTLHUZ[OH[P[JHUJV]LYH^PKLvariety of piping diameters and materials, including carbon and stainless steel, duplex, and CuNi.

;OL8\PJRHUNL^HZYLJLU[S`KLWSV`LKVU[OLDunlin Alpha offshore platform in the North Sea in response to corrosion PZZ\LZVUHHYLOLHKLYKYHPU(UV[OLYYLJLU[KLWSV`TLU[was for ZADCO (Zakum Development Company), part of the (+56*.YV\WVMJVTWHUPLZ^OLYL[^V8\PJRHUNLKL]PJLZ^LYLPUZ[HSSLKVU[OLKPZJOHYNLSPULVM[OLYL^H[LYQVJRL`W\TWH[[OLHJJVTTVKH[PVUWSH[MVYTVU[OL

Visit Booth 11900 OTC May 6-9

Toll Free: 800-324-1213 Website: GreenesEnergy.com

You Require. We Respond.

Sixty Years of Service

YOU REQUIRE: Reliable And Safe Pipelines

WE RESPOND: With Integrated Servicing Solutions That Reduce Your Risk

Onshore, on the continental shelf, or in deepwater, Greenes Energy Group responds with pipeline servicing solutions from pre-commissioning, cleaning, and testing to dewatering and commissioning. With one of the largest inventories of equipment, our speciality chemicals group, and our process and water management experts, we deliver:s0IPELINE0IGGINGs0IPELINE#LEANING s0IPELINE!BANDONMENTs$RYING s0IPELINE&LOODINGs.ITROGENs(YDROSTATIC4ESTINGDIGITALAVAILABLEs5MBILICAL4ESTINGs7ATER4REATMENTs#HEMICAL4REATMENTs0ORTABLE3EPARATION s0IG2ENTALSAND3ALES


unscheduled and unplanned subsea interventions can come ^P[OZPNUPJHU[VWLYH[PUNL_WLUZLZSPTP[LKKP]LYPU[LY]LU[PVUopportunities and highly negative effects on production.

@L[ÔPSL[OLULLKMVYZPTWSLYVWLYH[PVUZOHZTHUPMLZ[LKitself in the growth of remote and ROV-enabled subsea PU[LY]LU[PVUZ`Z[LTZ[OLZ\IZLHTLJOHUPJHSJVUULJ[VYTHYRL[ZLLTZ[VOH]LJOHUNLKSP[[SLV]LY[OLWHZ[[^VKLJHKLZ;VKH ìt is still characterised by high subsea intervention costs and JVTWSL_HUKOPNOS`LUNPULLYLKZVS\[PVUZ

:\JOZVS\[PVUZJVTL^P[OZPNUPJHU[KP]LY[PTLHUKJVZ[ZHZ^LSSHZHJJVTWHU`PUNZHML[`JVUZPKLYH[PVUZ>LSKPUNZ\IZLHMVYL_HTWSLYLX\PYLZ[OLJYLH[PVUVM^LSKPUNOHIP[H[ZHUKZWLJPHSPZ[KP]LYZRPSSZ[OH[THU`JVTTLYJPHSKP]LYZZPTWS`JHUUV[VMMLY;OPZPZPUHKKP[PVU[VZVTLVM[OLV[OLYKYHÎHJRZHSYLHK`mentioned in this article.

Going subsea0[PZHNHPUZ[[OPZTHYRL[IHJRKYVW[OH[THU`VM[OL[LJOUVSVNPLZILOPUK[OL[VWZPKLJVSK^VYRZVS\[PVUOH]LILLU[HRLUHUKHWWSPLKZ\IZLH

0UP[ZZPTWSLZ[MVYT[OL8\PJRMSHUNL:\IZLHPZSPRL[OL[VWZPKL]LYZPVUHTVKPMPLKZ[HUKHYK^LSKULJRMSHUNL^P[O[OLO`KYH\SPJ[VVS\ZLK[VMP[[OLZVS\[PVUVU[V[OLWPWLI`HWYVJLZZwhich flares the pipe into the products grooves. The process is completed within minutes with [OLYLZ\S[PUNJVUULJ[PVUX\HSPMPLK[VILL]LYÌP[as robust as a welded connection. The solution JHUIL\[PSPZLKPUHU\TILYVMZ\IZLHZJLUHYPVZZ\JOHZWPWLSH `KLJVTTPZZPVUPUNWPWL^VYRHUKUL^ZWVVS[PLPUZ[OLYLWSHJLTLU[VML_PZ[PUNMSHUNLZZ\IZLHYLWHPYZZ\JOHZMVYLTLYNLUJ`ZWVVSZVYMVYYLWHPYJVU[PUNLUJ`purposes.

This subsea version of the connector can KLSP]LYHU\TILYVMILUL[ZHZJVTWHYLK[V[YHKP[PVUHSZ\IZLHJVUULJ[VYZVS\[PVUZ-PYZ[S `there is its robustness and reliability. In its KLWSV`TLU[[OLJVSKMVYNPUN[VVSMVYJLZ[OLWPWL^HSSPU[V[OLNYVV]LZYLZ\S[PUNPU[OLHZZLTISLKQVPU[ILPUNZ[YVUNLY[OHU[OLHUNLP[ZLSMHUKLULYNPZLKI`[OLUH[\YHSYLSH_H[PVUZWYPUNIHJRThird party testing has also demonstrated that [OLZVS\[PVUPZLX\P]HSLU[[V^LSKLK^LSKULJRHUNLZPU[LYTZVMWYLZZ\YLYL[LU[PVUHUKSVHKresistance. The solution also has no moving WHY[ZNYPWZVYV[OLYJVTWVULU[ZOLSWPUNLUZ\YLthat less can go wrong.

;OLZLJVUKRLÌLUL[^P[O[OPZZ`Z[LTPZ[OLYLK\J[PVUVMKLSP]LY`[PTLZÔPJOYLZ\S[ZPUMHZ[LYPTWSLTLU[H[PVU;OLYLPZHSV^LYPUNVMYLX\PYLKKP]LY[PTLSLZZWPWLWYLWHYH[PVUZ\JOHZJVH[PUNYLTV]HSHUKKLI\YPHSHUK[OLZVS\[PVUHSZVJVTLZ^P[OL_PISLYLU[HSVW[PVUZHUKPUZ[HSSH[PVU[VVSPUN[OH[JHUOLSWYLK\JLJHWP[HSL_WLUKP[\YL

-PUHSS `[OLUL^ZVS\[PVUJHUIYPUNNYLH[LYZPTWSPJP[`HUKL_PIPSP[`[VZ\IZLHYLWHPYZthrough its low impact and easy installation. Up [VZOVY[LY[OHUV[OLYZSLL]LJVUULJ[VYZthis system is easier to handle and activate with straightforward diver operations. No specialist KP]LY[YHPUPUNPZYLX\PYLK^P[OKP]LYSLZZHUK

remote operations a real possibility in the future. No specialist WPWLWYLWHYH[PVUPZYLX\PYLKLP[OLY

;OLPUZ[HSSH[PVU[VVSMVY[OPZJVSK^VYRZ\IZLHJVUULJ[VYJHUHSZVIL\ZLKVUT\S[PWSLWPWLYHUNLZ^P[OL_PISLTH[LYPHSselection and is fully retrievable and reusable - ideal for repair and emergency pipeline repair systems (EPRS) contingency ZP[\H[PVUZ;OLMHJ[[OH[[OLHUNLPZHJ[P]H[LK^P[OH cold-forging tool also negates the need for welding-type OHIP[H[ZHUKLX\PWTLU[

-PUHSS `K\L[VP[ZLHZ`PUZ[HSSH[PVUHUKZPTWSPJP[ `P[PZHSZV\USPRLS`[VOH]LHULNH[P]LLMMLJ[VUV[OLYZ\IZLHHJ[P]P[PLZHUKJHUUH]PNH[LHYV\UKL_PZ[PUNZ\IZLHPUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLZ

The case for simplicity0[PZJSLHY[OH[[OLJHZLMVYZPTWSPJP[ ÌV[O[VWZPKLHUKZ\IZLHis too big to ignore for operators today. It is encouraging to see [OH[[LJOUVSVNPLZHYLYPZPUN[V[OLJOHSSLUNL\ZOLYPUNPUH^VYSKVMZPTWSLL_PISLYLSPHISLHUKJVZ[LMMLJ[P]L[VWZPKLHUKZ\IZLHpipeline repairs. O T

Figure 2. Permanent ange to pipe connection installation process.

REDUCING RISKS ON ELDERLY ASSETS

GraemeEllis, ABBConsulting, UK, explains how implementing robust safety risk assessment and ageing asset programmes can help lower the risk of safety or environmental hazards in the oilfield.

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The new Stand Transfer Vehicle (STV) from NOV makes safety simpler. Designed to address the injury incident level of pipe handling operations in the derrick, the STV removes the derrickman from the monkey board and allows him to trip pipe from a safe zone. Engineered for ease of operation with VLPSOHFRQWUROVWKH679GHOLYHUVHIFLHQWSLSHKDQGOLQJZLWKRXWcompromising uptime performance.

Heres what weve heard so far

Keep safety simple and contact us at [email protected] for more information on the STV solution.

Email: [email protected] 20

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Utilizes intuitive remote operator control with dual CCTV feedback

Guides tubulars between fingerboard and well centerHandles 3 1/2- 10 DP & DCAllows for manual racking Embodies lightweight designTransports easily in or out of the mast

The Derrickman expressed learning more over the last few weeks about drilling than he ever has before thanks to the STV.

Not slowing us down at all. Id suggest having one on every rig.

It improves safety tremendously. It takes the human out of harms way. I wish Id thought of it.

BusinessMonkeyNo more


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No aftertreatment. No compromises.Ready for Tier 4 nal. The new Series 4000.

A TOGNUM GROUP BRAND

www.mtu-online.com

The new MTU Series 4000 is the only frac engine that meets Tier 4 standards without aftertreatment. Built specically for tough fracking conditions, it features excellent power-to-weight ratio and ease of maintenance, with the durability you expect from MTU. Our proven technology has provided reliable performance at well servicing operations for decades.

Meet the next generation frac engine at OTC 2013, May 69, Hall E, Booth #1317.

Philippe Levy, SBMOffshore, Brazil, shows how an effective sustainable development plan

can allow oil and gas companies to meet their environmental obligations without cutting

back on productivity.

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B razils oil and gas industry is booming and the future is looking bright. The Douglas-Westwood World Floating Production Report forecasts capital expenditure over the next five years will total US$ 68 billion. The report predicts that Latin America will account for half of all floating production system (FPS) expenditure, with much activity taking place offshore Brazil. In a research report by Visiongain, the value of the glob

oilfield technology april 2013

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