on scene reports and size up

ON SCENE REPORTS AND SIZE UP

8 CRITICAL FIREGROUND FACTORSINITIAL ON SCENE REPORT

8 FUNCTIONS OF COMMAND

8 FUNCTIONS OF COMMAND

1.1. Assumption, Confirmation, & PositioningAssumption, Confirmation, & Positioning

2.2. Situation EvaluationSituation Evaluation

3.3. CommunicationsCommunications

4.4. DeploymentDeployment

5.5. Strategy & Incident Action PlanningStrategy & Incident Action Planning

6.6. OrganizationOrganization

7.7. Review, Evaluation, & RevisionReview, Evaluation, & Revision

8.8. Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Command.Command.

1.1. Assumption, Confirmation, & PositioningAssumption, Confirmation, & Positioning

2.2. Situation EvaluationSituation Evaluation

3.3. CommunicationsCommunications

4.4. DeploymentDeployment

5.5. Strategy & Incident Action PlanningStrategy & Incident Action Planning

6.6. OrganizationOrganization

7.7. Review, Evaluation, & RevisionReview, Evaluation, & Revision

8.8. Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Command.Command.

Command Function #1Command Function #1

Assume, Confirm & Position Command

Assume, Confirm & Position Command

To quickly establish and confirm a single IC and to place that IC in the most effective command position.

To quickly establish and confirm a single IC and to place that IC in the most effective command position.

Major Goal:Major Goal:


Select the proper Command Mode (or position)

Select the proper Command Mode (or position)

IC #1IC #1

IC #2IC #2

IC #2 with IMTIC #2 with IMT

100%100%

15 to 20%15 to 20%

Less than 5%Less than 5%


Situation EvaluationSituation Evaluation


Develop a regular approach to Size-Up using the standard information

management forms and the Critical Incident Factors

Develop a regular approach to Size-Up using the standard information

management forms and the Critical Incident Factors


Strategic Decision Making Model:

Strategic Decision Making Model:

Critical Fireground

Factors

Critical Fireground

Factors Risk Management

Plan

Risk Management

PlanStrategyStrategy

Incident Action

Plan

Incident Action

PlanTactical Priorities

SOP’s

Tactical Priorities

SOP’s

System CoreSystem Core

mostly laws of nature

(unlimited)

mostly laws of nature

(unlimited)

ICICICIC

HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMSYSTEMSAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMSYSTEM

collapsecollapse toxic insulttoxic insult thermal insultthermal insult getting getting

trappedtrapped getting lostgetting lost

• Adequate numbers oftrained Firefighter’s

• PPE• tools/equipment/

water• safety SOPs • IMS

• Adequate numbers oftrained Firefighter’s

• PPE• tools/equipment/

water• safety SOPs • IMS

man made synthetic

organizational (very limited)

man made synthetic

organizational (very limited)

Intelligence (“Intel”):Intelligence (“Intel”):

Critical Factors are a list of basic items that the IC must consider when evaluating

tactical situations.

Critical Factors are a list of basic items that the IC must consider when evaluating

tactical situations.

Critical Factors fall into 8 Basic categories:Critical Factors fall into 8 Basic categories:

-Building

-Fire

-Occupancy

-Life Hazard

-Building

-Fire

-Occupancy

-Life Hazard

-Arrangement

-Resources

-Action

-Special Circumstances

-Arrangement

-Resources

-Action

-Special Circumstances

Fixed FactorsFixed Factors Variable Factors Variable Factors

•Building

•Occupancy

•Arrangement

•Building

•Occupancy

•Arrangement

•Fire

•Life Hazard

•Resources

•Action

•Special circumstances

•Fire

•Life Hazard

•Resources

•Action

•Special circumstances

Consider Fixed Factors

Manage Variable Factors

Consider Fixed Factors

Manage Variable Factors

Critical Factor - FixedCritical Factor - Fixed

BuildingBuilding•Size – Area & Height

•Interior arrangement

•Construction type

•Age

•Condition

•Value

•Compartmentation/separation

•Outside openings

•Utility characteristics

•Effect the fire has had on structure

•Time projection on fire effects

•How much is left to burn

•Size – Area & Height

•Interior arrangement

•Construction type

•Age

•Condition

•Value

•Compartmentation/separation

•Outside openings

•Utility characteristics

•Effect the fire has had on structure

•Time projection on fire effects

•How much is left to burn

Critical FactorsCritical Factors

OccupancyOccupancy •Specific occupancy

•Type – business, mercantile, public assembly, institutional, industrial,

residential, storage, high rise

•Value associated with occupancy

•Status – open, closed, occupied, vacant, abandoned, under const.

•Type of contents

•Time – as it affects use

•Loss control

•Morale hazard

•Specific occupancy

•Type – business, mercantile, public assembly, institutional, industrial,

residential, storage, high rise

•Value associated with occupancy

•Status – open, closed, occupied, vacant, abandoned, under const.

•Type of contents

•Time – as it affects use

•Loss control

•Morale hazard


ArrangementArrangement •Distance of external exposures

•Combustibility of exposures

•Access, arrangement of internal exposures

•Value of exposures

•Most dangerous direction of fire ext.

•Fire effect on exposures

•Barriers or obstruction to operations

•Limitations on apparatus movement

•Multiple Buildings

•Distance of external exposures

•Combustibility of exposures

•Access, arrangement of internal exposures

•Value of exposures

•Most dangerous direction of fire ext.

•Fire effect on exposures

•Barriers or obstruction to operations

•Limitations on apparatus movement

•Multiple Buildings

Critical Factor - VariableCritical Factor - Variable

FIREFIRE •Size

•Extent

•Location

•Stage

•Most dangerous direction of travel

•Time of involvement

•Fire load

•Type & amount of product left to burn

•Product of combustion liberation

•What is fire perimeter

•How widespread is the fire

•Ability to operate on fire

•Size

•Extent

•Location

•Stage

•Most dangerous direction of travel

•Time of involvement

•Fire load

•Type & amount of product left to burn

•Product of combustion liberation

•What is fire perimeter

•How widespread is the fire

•Ability to operate on fire

Critical Factor - VariableCritical Factor - Variable

Life HazardLife Hazard •Location of occupants

•Number of occupants

•Condition of occupants

•Incapacities of occupants

•Resources required for search

•Fire control required for search

•EMS needs

•Fire effect on victims

•Exposures

•Hazards for Firefighters

•Access to victims

•Escape routes

•Location of occupants

•Number of occupants

•Condition of occupants

•Incapacities of occupants

•Resources required for search

•Fire control required for search

•EMS needs

•Fire effect on victims

•Exposures

•Hazards for Firefighters

•Access to victims

•Escape routes


ResourcesResources •Staffing & Equipment On-Scene

•Staffing & Equipment Responding

•Staffing & Equipment Available

•Estimate on Response times

•Condition of Responders

•Capability of Personnel

•Capability of Command staff

•Hydrants & Water Supply

•Built-in Protection Systems

•Staffing & Equipment On-Scene

•Staffing & Equipment Responding

•Staffing & Equipment Available

•Estimate on Response times

•Condition of Responders

•Capability of Personnel

•Capability of Command staff

•Hydrants & Water Supply

•Built-in Protection Systems

Critical FactorsCritical FactorsSpecial

CircumstancesSpecial

Circumstances

•Time of day/night

•Day of week

•Season

•Holidays

•Special Events

•Weather

•Social unrest

•Time of day/night

•Day of week

•Season

•Holidays

•Special Events

•Weather

•Social unrest

Critical FactorsCritical FactorsActionAction

•Effect current action is having

•Areas not yet covered

•Stage of operations (tactical priorities)

•Remote IC set-up

•Is an effective IAP in place

•Is an effective organization in place

•What is the worst thing that can happen

•Are operating positions effective

•Are there enough resources

•Are we operating safely

•Is layering in place

•Effect current action is having

•Areas not yet covered

•Stage of operations (tactical priorities)

•Remote IC set-up

•Is an effective IAP in place

•Is an effective organization in place

•What is the worst thing that can happen

•Are operating positions effective

•Are there enough resources

•Are we operating safely

•Is layering in place

8 CRITICAL FIREGROUND FACTORS

• BUILDING• FIRE • OCCUPANCY • LIFE HAZARD• ARRANGEMENT• ACTION • RESOURCES• SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES

Identify the 3 most significant Critical Factors, and the most

significant Critical Unknown for the following scenarios

Identify the 3 most significant Critical Factors, and the most

significant Critical Unknown for the following scenarios

Sets & RepsSets & Reps


BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial


CommunicationsCommunications



To initiate, maintain and

control efficient Incident

communications

To initiate, maintain and

control efficient Incident

communications

Center communications around the tactical benchmarks

Center communications around the tactical benchmarks


To Provide and manage a steady,

adequate, and timely stream of

appropriate resource

To Provide and manage a steady,

adequate, and timely stream of

appropriate resource


Call for resources based on the most rapid, accurate, current and forecasted event profile you

can develop – based on the tactical priorities

Call for resources based on the most rapid, accurate, current and forecasted event profile you

can develop – based on the tactical priorities

There a 2 different Statuses that Companies fall into on the incident scene:

There a 2 different Statuses that Companies fall into on the incident scene:

Unassigned Unassigned - Staged- Staged

- Rehabbing - Rehabbing - Rehabbed &- Rehabbed &Ready to go Ready to go

Assigned Assigned - 1st Unit to a

location- 1st Unit to a

location

- To a SDG- To a SDG

- On-Deck in SDG- On-Deck in SDG

- Recycle in SDG- Recycle in SDG

The foundation of any IMS system is:

STAGING

The foundation of any IMS system is:

STAGING

Level 1 - StagingLevel 1 - StagingApplies to all initial responders (1st Alarm)

1st Engine, Truck Co. & BC respond directly to the scene

Immediately goes into effect after Initial Radio Report from IC #1

All subsequent arriving units stage 1 block away in their direction of travel not passing their last tactical option

Applies to all initial responders (1st Alarm)

1st Engine, Truck Co. & BC respond directly to the scene

Immediately goes into effect after Initial Radio Report from IC #1

All subsequent arriving units stage 1 block away in their direction of travel not passing their last tactical option

Level 2 - StagingLevel 2 - StagingIn effect for greater alarms

1st Engine typically becomes initial staging officer – upgrade with staff if poss.

IC should designate location and separate radio channel

Will require CP helper to manage logistic channel – Active incident, should upgrade Command Post

In effect for greater alarms

1st Engine typically becomes initial staging officer – upgrade with staff if poss.

IC should designate location and separate radio channel

Will require CP helper to manage logistic channel – Active incident, should upgrade Command Post

Hot ZoneHot Zone

Warm ZoneWarm Zone

BCBC

FITFIT

Level II StagingLevel II Staging

E 1E 1

E 3E 3

E 2E 2

E 4E 4

L 1L 1

E 5E 5

On-DeckOn-Deck

On-DeckOn-Deck

E-10E-10

E-11E-11 E-12E-12

3 Deep Deployment Model

3 Deep Deployment Model

SDG Co.s working in the Hazard Zone

SDG Co.s working in the Hazard Zone

On-Deck CompaniesOn-Deck

CompaniesCompanies in StagingCompanies in Staging

E-13E-13

E-14E-14

ICIC S.O.S.O.

S.A.S.A.

LogisticsLogistics

BCBC

FITFIT

Command VanCommand Van

StagingStaging

E 1E 1

E 3E 3

E 2E 2

E 4E 4

L 1L 1

E 5E 5

Tactical Channel Ch. 2

Tactical Channel Ch. 2

Safety Channel

Ch. 3

Safety Channel

Ch. 3

Logistics Channel

Ch. 4

Logistics Channel

Ch. 4

BCBC FITFIT

BCBC FITFIT

Warm ZoneWarm Zone

Safety SectionSafety

Section

Hot ZoneHot

Zone

The Command Post Communication AdvantageThe Command Post Communication Advantage


Identify Strategy/Develop Incident Action Plan (IAP)

Identify Strategy/Develop Incident Action Plan (IAP)


To use a systematic method to make basic strategy

decisions, and to develop and initiate

a Tactical IAP

To use a systematic method to make basic strategy

decisions, and to develop and initiate

a Tactical IAP


Apply the standard risk-management plan throughout the incident:

Apply the standard risk-management plan throughout the incident:

We will Risk our Lives A LOT, to Save SAVABLE Lives

We will Risk our Lives A LOT, to Save SAVABLE Lives

We will Risk our Lives A LITTLE, in a HIGHLY Calculated Manner, to Save Savable PropertyWe will Risk our Lives A LITTLE, in a HIGHLY Calculated Manner, to Save Savable Property

We will NOT Risk our Lives AT ALL, for what is ALREADY LOST (people or property)

We will NOT Risk our Lives AT ALL, for what is ALREADY LOST (people or property)

The IC uses the incident’s Critical Factors and the Risk Management Plan to determine the

overall Incident Strategy

The IC uses the incident’s Critical Factors and the Risk Management Plan to determine the

overall Incident Strategy

Offensive Inside

Offensive Inside

Defensive Outside

Defensive Outside

Implement an action plan to match the overall strategy.

Implement an action plan to match the overall strategy.

Offensive IAPOffensive IAP Defensive IAPDefensive IAPRescue Fire Control Loss Control

Cust. Stabilization

Rescue Fire Control Loss Control

Cust. Stabilization

Establish Cut-offs Define Hazard Zone Search exposures Protect exposures

Establish Cut-offs Define Hazard Zone Search exposures Protect exposures

Major Goal:Major Goal:To develop an effective incident organization

using the Sector/Division/Group system to decentralize an delegate geographic

and functional responsibility

To develop an effective incident organization

using the Sector/Division/Group system to decentralize an delegate geographic

and functional responsibility


Match and balance organization to size/structure/complexity of the

operating resources

Match and balance organization to size/structure/complexity of the

operating resources

Forecast and establish geographic &functional sectors/divisions/groups

Forecast and establish geographic &functional sectors/divisions/groups

Correctly name SDG’sCorrectly name SDG’s

Limit units assigned to sectors to five (5)Limit units assigned to sectors to five (5)

Hot ZoneHot Zone

Warm ZoneWarm Zone

Task LevelTask Level

Follow SOP’s

Get into the game properly

Manage crew’s accountability: voice, vision, or touch

Round trip ticket in hazard zone

All members stay on hoseline

Max distance inside; 175 feet

Manage crew’s work cycle

Always keep crew intact

Follow SOP’s

Get into the game properly

Manage crew’s accountability: voice, vision, or touch

Round trip ticket in hazard zone

All members stay on hoseline

Max distance inside; 175 feet

Manage crew’s work cycle

Always keep crew intact

ResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesCo. OfficerCo. Officer

FirefightersFirefighters

HoselineHoseline

“Safety Zones”“Safety Zones”

6 ft6 ft 6 ft6 ft

16 ft16 ft

CaptCapt

Tactical LevelTactical Level

BC / TacticalBC / Tactical FIT / SafetyFIT / SafetyResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

-Risk Management

-Tactical Priorities

-Positions match conditions

-Sector IAP

-Coordinate w/ other Sectors

-Sector Plan matches IC Plan

-Risk Management

-Tactical Priorities

-Positions match conditions

-Sector IAP

-Coordinate w/ other Sectors

-Sector Plan matches IC Plan

-Accountability

-Air Management

-Manages Work-Rest Cycles

-Manages On-Deck crews,

Recycle & Rehab

- Communicate with Safety

Section

-Accountability

-Air Management

-Manages Work-Rest Cycles

-Manages On-Deck crews,

Recycle & Rehab

- Communicate with Safety

Section

Hot ZoneHot Zone

Warm ZoneWarm Zone

BCBC

FITFIT

E-1E-1

E-2E-2E-3E-3

On-Deck

On-Deck

“Safety Zones”“Safety Zones”

60 ft60 ft

Command VanCommand Van

ICIC

Strategic Level (ISO)Strategic Level (ISO)

SOSO

SASA

Safety SectionSafety

Section

Lo

gis

tics

Lo

gis

tics

-Overall Safety Boss & Manage Hazard Zone

-Actions based on SOP’s and Fire Command (IMS)

-Perform 8 Functions of Command

-Evaluate Inc. Critical Fireground Factors

-Risk Management Analysis

-Develop and Manage Strategy

-Coordinate the IAP with Sectors

-Manage the completion of the Tactical Priorities

-Resource deliverer based on Sector requirements

-Overall Safety Boss & Manage Hazard Zone

-Actions based on SOP’s and Fire Command (IMS)

-Perform 8 Functions of Command

-Evaluate Inc. Critical Fireground Factors

-Risk Management Analysis

-Develop and Manage Strategy

-Coordinate the IAP with Sectors

-Manage the completion of the Tactical Priorities

-Resource deliverer based on Sector requirements

Responsibilities of theResponsibilities of theIncident Commander

(ISO)Incident Commander

(ISO)

Safety Zone = Entire Inc.Safety Zone = Entire Inc.

360º360º


Review, Evaluation, and RevisionReview, Evaluation, and Revision


To confirm that the current IAP is meeting the tactical

requirements of the incident that adequately provides for

the safety of the workers, and to identify and address

any areas that are not covered

To confirm that the current IAP is meeting the tactical

requirements of the incident that adequately provides for

the safety of the workers, and to identify and address

any areas that are not covered



Continuing, Transferring, and Terminating Command


Major Goal:Major Goal:To provide the required duration of command

necessary to complete the tactical priorities, to

standardize how command is transferred, and to insure

that operations are safely concluded

To provide the required duration of command





Assume, maintain and upgrade effective command positioning


Major Goal:Major Goal:To provide the required duration of command




To provide the required duration of command





Initial On – Scene Report Unit IDBuilding InfoStories – Size – Occupancy TypeWhat’s ShowingNothing – Light Smoke – Smoke – Working FireSupply LineHave Supply or need Supply360 Situational ReportWhat’s going onStrategyOffensive or DefensiveActionsFire Attack Search and Rescue, Blitz Attack, Rescue via ladder etcEstablish CommandAccountabilityResourcesSafety HazardsExposures

CRITICAL FACTORS AND SIZE UP

on scene reports and size up

Presentations & Public Speaking

critical factors bldg

critical factors resources

significant critical

fixed factors variable

occupancy arrangement

resources action

significant critical

command function