on the errors of bertschinger and hughes of mit in gr
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7/29/2019 On the Errors of Bertschinger and Hughes of MIT in GR
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President Shirley Ann Jackson
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)
110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY USA 12180
Tel: (518) 276-6000
On the Errors of Bertschinger and Hughes of MIT in General Relativity
Dear President Jackson:
This is a continuation of my last letter.
A central issue of general relativity is whether the Einstein equation has a dynamic solution. Almost
everybody, from the viewpoint of physics, believes that a dynamic solution should exist. However, this is
only a physical requirement for the viewpoint of the principle of causality. The real issue is whether the
Einstein equation has the mathematical dynamic solution for his equation. So far, there is no example that
can illustrate the existence of a dynamic solution. On the other hand to prove the non-existence of a
dynamic solution is far from easy.
This is the reason that after my paper is published at Astrophysical Journal in 1995, Prof. P. Morrison
questioned me on this issue for almost a month, and finally understood it. Then, he went to Princeton toquestion Taylor, who could not answer Morrisons questions. Thus, in his return Morrison suggested that I
should write a book on this problem alone. So, essentially there are probably only three people in the world
Morrison, Chandrasekhar (the editor of Astrophysics Journal), and me at that time that understood my
paper. Unfortunately, Chandrasekhar passed away shortly after the publication of my paper.
This is a difficult problem because either mathematics or physics alone cannot solve this world-class
problem. To solve this problem a combined skill of mathematics and physics is required. The problem wasnot solved because physicists are poorly trained in pure mathematics and mathematicians generally do not
understand the physics. I was a lucky exception because I have the adequate training in both fields for such
a problem. A crucial point is to understand the principle of causality, but even journals such as the Physical
Review do not understand this principle adequately.
We are very proud of the fact we have a D. Sc. degree from MIT. However, the mathematics learned from
our degrees is actually far from enough to understand general relativity. However, you can rely on the
expertise of the others. For instance, the Journal of Space Exploration is examining my paper On theQuestion of Dynamic Solution in General Relativity, and you can ask their opinion on my paper.
The Physics Department of MIT does not respond, as they should. A reason is that both Professors
Edmund Bertschinger 1) and Scott A. Hughes 2) do not understand the basics of general relativity. They
disobediently ignored MIT President Reifs directive, i.e., to study my work and communicate with me.
For instance, Bertschinger does not understand the basic mathematics that, for the dynamic case, the non-linear Einstein equation is not compatible with its linearized equation. In fact, the linearized equation is
actually compatible with a modified Einstein equation with an additional source term of gravitational
energy-momentum tensor with an anti-gravity coupling. Thus, although Bertschinger used the linearized
equation to fit the data, he actually does not understand the justification of the linearized equation. Also, the
major research topic of Scott A. Hughes is on the gravitational waves, but he also does not understand that
there is no gravitational wave solution for the Einstein equation. Like Bertschinger, Hughes also does not
know that the linearized equation is compatible with only the modified Einstein equation, but not theEinstein equation.
The current practice of the Princeton University, which is also the current major source of errors, is to
stonewall all the challenges; otherwise they would expose their shortcomings further. Bertschinger and
Hughes simply built another stonewall.
Moreover, to admit that the Einstein equation has no dynamic solution means that everybody in general
relativity has made a serious mistake. This is unfortunate. However, sciences are based on evidence. They
only need to produce an example of a dynamic solution. They may claim that they can produce it with
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7/29/2019 On the Errors of Bertschinger and Hughes of MIT in GR
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perturbation. Apparently, they fail to understand that for the dynamic case, the non-linear equation and the
linearized equation have no compatible solutions.
So, my conclusion is that you should be very cautious on the question of a dynamic solution. Please do notlet the errors of Bertschinger and Hughes make a bad mark on your otherwise very bright career in physics.
Best regards
Sincerely yours,
C. Y. Lo
Endnotes:
1) Edmond Bertschinger, is the intellectual grandson of S. Chandrasekhar. In 1995 Chandrasekhar, as
the editor of the Astrophysical Journal, was finally convinced that there is no dynamic solution for
the Einstein equation.
2) Scott A. Hughes, gots his Ph.D. (1998) at Caltech under Kip Thorne, who is known for being
unable to tell facts such as what is Einsteins equivalence principle.