once upon a time, a small modular reactor… · harvard energy journal club 09/27/16 gustafson, r....
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Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.
Once upon a time, a Small Modular Reactor…
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Outline
Citation
1. Why should we care?
2. What are SMRs?
3. What does the future hold?
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Emissions Problem
IPCC (2014) based on 2010 data, https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Emissions Problem
https://www.eia.gov
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Issues with nuclear energy
www.fukushimawatch.com, www.newstarget.com
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.What are your concerns re: nuclear energy?
• Safety
• Public perception
• Cost
• Time to build
• Nuclear waste
• Proliferation
• Crisis management
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Conventional nuclear power
www.britannica.com
• Single reactor
• Large capacity (~1 GWe)
• Assembled on-site
• No load following*
• Long restart times
• Current fleet of LWR are near end of permits
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Advanced Nuclear Power
http://www.thirdway.org/report/the-advanced-nuclear-industry
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Advanced Nuclear Power
http://www.thirdway.org/report/the-advanced-nuclear-industry
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Advanced Nuclear Power
http://www.thirdway.org/report/the-advanced-nuclear-industry
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Advanced Nuclear Power
www.world-nuclear.org
Name Capacity Type Developer
CNP-300 300 MWe PWRCNNC, operational in Pakistan & China
PHWR-220 220 MWe PHWR NPCIL, India
EGP-6 11 MWe LWGR at Bilibino, Siberia (cogen)
Small reactors operating
Name Capacity Type Developer
KLT-40S 35 MWe PWR OKBM, Russia
CAREM-25 27 MWe integral PWR CNEA & INVAP, Argentina
HTR-PM, HTR-200 2x105 MWe HTRINET, CNEC & Huaneng, China
Small reactor designs under construction
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Advanced Nuclear Power
www.world-nuclear.org
Name Capacity Type DeveloperEM2 240 MWe HTR, FNR General Atomics (USA)VK-300 300 MWe BWR RDIPE, RussiaAHWR-300 LEU 300 MWe PHWR BARC, IndiaCAP150 150 MWe integral PWR SNERDI, ChinaACPR100 140 MWe integral PWR CGN, China
IMR 350 MWe integral PWR Mitsubishi Heavy Ind, JapanPBMR 165 MWe HTR PBMR, South Africa*SC-HTGR (Antares 250 MWe HTR Areva, FranceXe-100 48 MWe HTR X-energy, USAGen4 module 25 MWe FNR Gen4 (Hyperion), USAMCFR unknown MSR/FNR Southern Co, USATMSR-SF 100 MWt MSR SINAP, ChinaPB-FHR 100 MWe MSR UC Berkeley, USA
Integral MSR 192 MWe MSR Terrestrial Energy, CanadaMoltex SSR 150 MWe MSR/FNR Moltex, UKMoltex SSR global 40 MWe MSR Moltex, UKThorcon MSR 250 MWe MSR Martingale, USALeadir-PS100 36 MWe lead-cooled Northern Nuclear, Canada
Small (25 MWe up) reactor designs at earlier stages(or shelved)
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Advanced Nuclear Power
www.world-nuclear.org
Name Capacity Type DeveloperEM2 240 MWe HTR, FNR General Atomics (USA)VK-300 300 MWe BWR RDIPE, RussiaAHWR-300 LEU 300 MWe PHWR BARC, IndiaCAP150 150 MWe integral PWR SNERDI, ChinaACPR100 140 MWe integral PWR CGN, China
IMR 350 MWe integral PWR Mitsubishi Heavy Ind, JapanPBMR 165 MWe HTR PBMR, South Africa*SC-HTGR (Antares 250 MWe HTR Areva, FranceXe-100 48 MWe HTR X-energy, USAGen4 module 25 MWe FNR Gen4 (Hyperion), USAMCFR unknown MSR/FNR Southern Co, USATMSR-SF 100 MWt MSR SINAP, ChinaPB-FHR 100 MWe MSR UC Berkeley, USA
Integral MSR 192 MWe MSR Terrestrial Energy, CanadaMoltex SSR 150 MWe MSR/FNR Moltex, UKMoltex SSR global 40 MWe MSR Moltex, UKThorcon MSR 250 MWe MSR Martingale, USALeadir-PS100 36 MWe lead-cooled Northern Nuclear, Canada
Small (25 MWe up) reactor designs at earlier stages(or shelved)
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.SMR Advantages
http://www.thirdway.org/report/the-advanced-nuclear-industry
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.SMR Advantages
http://www.thirdway.org/report/the-advanced-nuclear-industry
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Overview
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Overview
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Overview
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Technology
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Technology
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Technology
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Technology
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Technology
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Technology
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Technology
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Safety
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Safety
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Safety
http://www.nuscalepower.com/C
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dam
age
Freq
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Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Safety
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Safety
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Safety
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Safety
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Safety
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Cost
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.NuScale Power: Cost
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Integration with Renewables
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Take modules offline
De-rate power to 40%
Bypass turbine
INL
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Integration with Renewables
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.Integration with Renewables
http://www.nuscalepower.com/
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.
So, what do we think?
Harvard EnergyJournal Club
09/27/16Gustafson, R.
J. Doyle, B. Haley, C. Fachiol, B. Galyean, D. T. Ingersoll, “Highly Reliable Nuclear Power for Mission-Critical Applications,”Proceedings of ICAPP 2016, San Francisco, CA, April 17-20, 2016.D. T. Ingersoll, C. Colbert, Z. Houghton, R. Snuggerud, J. W. Gaston and M. Empey, “Can Nuclear Energy and Renewables be Friends?” Proceedings of the 2015 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2014), Nice, France, May 2-6, 2015.J.N. Reyes, Jr. “Plant Safety in Response to Extreme Events,” Nucl Tech, 128, 153-163 (May 2012).R. Houser, E. Young, A. Rasmussen, “Overview of NuScale Testing Program,” Trans Am Nucl Soc, 109, 1585-1586 (November 2013).B. Wolf, M. Kizerian, S. Lucas, “Analysis of Blowdown Event in Small Modular Natural Circulation Integral Test Facility,” Trans Am Nucl Soc, 109, 1754-1757 (November 2013).D.T. Ingersoll, Z.J. Houghton, R. Bromm, C. Desportes, “NuScale small modular reactor for co-generation of electricity and water,” Desalination, 340, 84-93 (2014).D.T. Ingersoll, C. Colbert, R. Bromm, Z. Houghton, “NuScale Energy Supply for Oil Recovery and Refining Applications,” Proceedings of the 2014 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2014), Charlotte, NC, U.S., April 6-9, 2014.D.T. Ingersoll, Z.J. Houghton, R. Bromm, C. Desportes, “Integration of NuScale SMR with Desalination Technologies,” Proceedings of the ASME 2014 Small Modular Reactors Symposium (SMR2014), Washington, D.C., U.S., April 15-17, 2014.D. Ingersoll, Z. Houghton, R. Bromm, C. Desportes, M. McKellar, R. Boardman, “Extending Nuclear Energy to Non-Electrical Applications,” Proceedings of the 19th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference (PBNC 2014), Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August 24-28, 2014S. M. Modro, J. E. Fisher, K. D. Weaver, J. N. Reyes, Jr., J. T. Groome, P. Babka, T. M. Carlson, “Multi-Application Small Light Water Reactor Final Report,” Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, December 2003.
NuScale References