online privacy in thailand: public and strategic awareness, pirongrong ramasoota and sopark...

7/22/2019 Online Privacy in Thailand: Public and Strategic Awareness, Pirongrong Ramasoota and Sopark Panichpapiboon

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\`tji= Edj`di Sr`vfay d \gf`jfdl= Suojà fdl Qtrftihà Fwfridiss

Futger= S`redhredh _fbfseetf fdl Qepfrk Sfdàgpfpòeed

IFS Lfti (fpprevil ner pr`dt)= ?3 Fpr`j ?36<

LE@= 63.9887/MJ@Q.?36<.?1._fbfseetf.6

Deti te usirs= Frtàjis `d tgi ‗Ipuos fgifl en pr`dt‐ (IFS) siatèd fri piir

rivìwil faaiptil frtàjis te oi puoj`sgil `d tg`s meurdfj. Sjifsi oi fwfri

tgft fjtgeuhg IFSs le det gfvi fjj oòjèhrfpgà litf`js fvf`jfoji yit, tgiy

afd oi a`til us`dh tgi yifr en edj`di puojàftèd fdl tgi L`h`tfj Eomiat

@lidt`nìr (LE@) fs nejjews= Futger(s), ‗Frtàji \`tji‐, Meurdfj (Pifr), LE@, IFS(pfhi #).

\gi IFS pfhi duboir w`jj oi ritf`dil `d tgi oetteb bfrh`d en tgi pr`dtil

virsèd en tg`s frtàji wgid `t `s aejjftil `d f pr`dt `ssui. Aejjftil pr`dt

virsèds en tgi frtàji w`jj aedtf`d fd fll`tèdfj vejubitrà pfhi duboir.

Oetg pfhi a`tftèds w`jj oi rijivfdt, out fdy IFS riniridai bust aedt`dui te

oi priailil oy tgi jittirs IFS.

@QQD-38?0-6<79

Aepyr`hgt ?36< Yd`virs`ty en \fsbfd`f

Fjj r`hgts risirvil. Quomiat te tgi jfw en aepyr`hgt de pfrt en tg`s puojàftèd

bfy oi ripreluail, steril `d f ritrìvfj systib er trfdsb`ttil `d fdy nerb er

oy fdy bifds ijiatredà, biagfdàfj, pgeteaepy`dh, riaerl`dh er etgirw`si,

w`tgeut tgi pirb`ssèd en tgi ewdir en tgi aepyr`hgt. Fjj idqu`rìs siik`dh

pirb`ssèd te ripreluai fdy pfrt en tg`s puojàftèd sgeujl oi fllrissil `d

tgi n`rst `dstfdai te=



IFS ?

\gi Il`ter, Meurdfj en Jfw, @dnerbft`ed fdl Qa`idai, Sr`vfti Ofh 70, Geofrt,

\fsbfd`f 8336, Fustrfj`f.

il`terCmj`smeurdfj.erh

gttp=//www.mj`smeurdfj.erh/

mailto:[email protected]





IFS 6

Edj`di Sr`vfay `d \gf`jfdl= Suojà fdl Qtrftihà

Fwfridiss

S@_EDH_EDH _FBFQEE\F* FDL QESF_K SFD@AGSFS@OEED**

Fostrfat

\g`s stuly ixfb`dis tgi aurridt stfti en fwfridiss en pr`vfay `d \gf`jfdl, w`tg twe

`bpertfdt nea` “ hidirfj edj`di usirs, fdl jifl`dh biboirs en a`v`j seaìty rijftil te

tgi frif en pr`vfay flveafay. @d tgi fosidai en f lftf pretiatèd jfw fdl fb`lst jedh

`dnerbftèd survi`jjfdai prfatàis flb`d`stiril bf`djy tgreuhg tgi siaur`ty stfti,\gf`jfdl pes`ts f ud`qui sitt`dh ner f risifrag `dqu`ry `dte pr`vfay fwfridiss fdl

nuturi flveafay `d tgi frif. \gi stuly `s afrrìl eut us`dh twe bitgelejehìs “ f

quistèddf`ri-ofsil surviy w`tg edj`di usirs tgreuhgeut tgi aeudtry, fdl `d-liptg

`dtirvìws w`tg sijiatil biboirs en sea`fj fat`v`st hreups. Qurviy risujts sgew tgft

pfttirds en pr`vfay piraiptèd, jivijs en fwfridiss, fdl rifatèd te pr`vfay tgrifts fri

vfr`fojy `dnjuidail oy nfaters suag fs seaè-libehrfpgàs, aujturfj ftt`tulis, fdl

edj`di usi agfrfatir`stàs. Bifdwg`ji, puojà iluaftèd `s neudl te oi tgi prinirril

eptèd ner prebet`dh hriftir sea`fj fwfridiss. A`và jiflirs niij tgft tgi bf`d tgrifts

te pr`vfay fdl g`dlrfdai fhf`dst sea`fj fwfridiss ed tgi `ssui jì `d tgi nejjew`dh=jfak en nf`r `dnerbftèd prfatài pr`da`pjis, privf`j`dh l`saeursi en dftèdfj siaur`ty,

udfaaeudtfoji usi en ayoirar`bi jfw te preoi `dte piepji‐s pr`vfti lftf, fdl ayoir

jydag`dh fdl w`tag-gudts en pej`tàfj l`ss`lidts. \giy fjse niij tgft puojà iluaftèd

* Fss`stfdt Srenisser, Nfaujty en Aebbudàftèd Frts, Agujfjedhkerd Yd`virs`ty

Ibf`j= :p`redhredh.rCagujf.fa.tg4 fdl p`redhredh.rChbf`j.aeb4.

**

Jiaturir, Qageej en Aebbudàftèd Frts, Yd`virs`ty en tgi \gf` Agfboir enAebbirai fdl SgL afdl`lfti ft tgi Nfaujty en Aebbudàftèd Frts,

Agujfjedhkerd Yd`virs`ty. Ibf`j= :sepfrkUpfdCutaa.fa.tg4 fdl

:sepfrksCj`vi.aeb4.

(\g`s werk wfs suppertil oy tgi G`hgir Iluaftèd _isifrag Srebetèd fdl

Dftèdfj _isifrag Yd`virs`ty Sremiat en \gf`jfdl, Ennài en tgi G`hgir Iluaftèd

Aebb`ssèd (GQ6?16F). \gi futgers en tg`s frtàji weujl fjse j`ki te ixpriss

hrft`tuli te tgi @dtirdftèdfj Livijepbidt _isifrag Aeuda`j (@L_A) en Afdflf

tgreuhg tgi Sr`vFs`f Sremiat ner nudl`dh tg`s risifrag.)



Meurdfj en Jfw, @dnerbftèd fdl Qaìdai êj ?1(6) ?36<

IFS ?

neaus`dh ed tgi fnniatil afsi fjedh w`tg tgi usi en gubfd r`hgts l`saeursi w`tg`d fd

`dtirdftèdfj jihfj nrfbiwerk fri prinirril aeursis en fatèds tewfrls tgi

beo`j`sftèd en pr`vfay fwfridiss `d \gf`jfdl.

@dtreluatèd

Xg`ji hjeofj`sftèd gfs idtf`jil f sirìs en pejày aedvirhidai faress tgi

hjeoi, edi frif tgft gfs det oiid sbeetgjy `dtihrft`dh `s tgft en pr`vfay. \gi

aedaipt en pr`vfay s`hd`nìs `dl`v`lufj`sb, jòirfj`sb, puojà-pr`vfti l`v`li,

fdl tgi ruji en jfw, fjj en wgàg udlirp`d jòirfj libearfay w`lijy ispeusil

`d tgi Xist, out det se `d etgir rihèds en tgi werjl `dajul`dh Fs`f.6

Quag detèds fri s`bpjy det prisidt `d tgi aedtixt en \gf`jfdl, f Qeutgifst

Fs`fd dftèd w`tg fd ixtids`vi g`stery en stfti survi`jjfdai. Nreb tgi fdaìdt

te tgi belird pirèl, ixtids`vi aejjiatèd en piepji‐s pirsedfj `dnerbftèd

gfs oiid f jedh-stfdl`dh prfatài. Fdaìdt Q`fbisi stftis? aejjiatil pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd en tgi`r aebbedirs‐ pepujftèd tgreuhg rih`strftèd rejjs fdl f

aelil wr`st-tfttee`dh systib. @d tgi belird irf, tgi stfti kiips `ts

pepujftèd udlir ourifuarftà survi`jjfdai tgreuhg a`t`zid @L afrls,

geusigejl rih`strftèd pfssoeeks, sea`fj wijnfri afrls, fdl se nertg.

\g`s survi`jjfdai tridl `s fjse rinjiatil `d fd `bpertfdt jfw “ tgi 6006 A`v`j

_ih`strftèd Fat “ wgàg wfs idfatil `d rispedsi te tgi `dtreluatèd en

aebputir`sil riaerl-kiip`dh fdl lftf-preaiss`dh. Xg`ji rihujft`dh tgi

aejjiatèd fdl usi en pirsedfj `dnerbftèd oy tgi lipfrtbidt en jeafj

flb`d`strftèd wgàg geusis tgi a`v`j rih`strftèd ourifu, tgi jfw detfojy

fjjews etgir hevirdbidt lipfrtbidts te sgfri `d tgi usi en a`v`j rih`strftèd

`dnerbftèd tgreuhg riquists ner aepìs en `dnerbftèd fs wijj fs tgreuhg

aebputir j`dkfhi.

6 Leuh \yhfr, ‗\iagdejehàfj l`bidsèds en pr`vfay `d Fs`f‐ (?331) 63 Fs`f-Sfa`nà

_ivìw 6?6, 6?3-6<9.

? Yp udt`j tgi 60<3s, \gf`jfdl wfs kdewd fs Q`fb. \gi dfbi agfdhi eaaurril

lur`dh tgi làtfter`fj ruji en Nìjl Bfrsgfj Sjfik Sgòudsedhkrfb wge flveaftil

tgi diw aeudtry‐s dfbi ed hreudls en belird`sftèd.



Edj`di Sr`vfay `d \gf`jfdl= Suojà fdl Qtrftihà Fwfridiss

IFS 1

Fjtgeuhg tgiri fri f duboir en frtàjis `d l`nniridt jih`sjftèd fdl tgi

aedst`tutèd tgft fllriss bfttirs rijftil te pr`vfay `d `ts bujt`nfrèus

l`bidsèds, tgisi prev`sèds bf`djy lifj w`tg pr`vfay `d aedmudatèd w`tgetgir r`hgts fdl jihfj pretiatèds. \giri fri de l`riat st`pujftèds foeut

vèjftèds en pr`vfay pir si, s`dai fousis typàfjjy gfvi oiid nrfbil `d tirbs

en trispfss, linfbftèd, er orifag en trust er aedn`lidai `dstifl.

J`ki best stftutis ed r`hgts fdl nriilebs `d \gf`jfdl, pr`vfay-rijftil jfws

gfvi g`steràfjjy oiid suomiat te j`b`tftèds ed tgi ofs`s en aejjiat`vi puojà

`dtirists suag fs dftèdfj siaur`ty, puojà sfnity, fdl prisirvftèd en heel

berfjs. Quag ixaiptèds gfvi tidlil te hrfv`tfti tewfrl f derb `d \gf`jfdl,

h`vid tgi aeudtry‐s ixtids`vi g`stery en làtfter`fj ruji, `ts ud`qui siaur`tys`tuftèd fs f ounnir stfti lur`dh tgi Aejl Xfr, fdl tgi aedstfdt tgrift en f

aeup l‐ àtft.1

Gewivir, fntir tgi aeudtry gfl sg`ntil tewfrls `dlustr`fj`sftèd `d 6003s,

innerts gfvi oiid udlirwfy `d tgi pfst liafli fdl f gfjn te lrfnt fdl pfss f

lftf pretiatèd jfw, fjedh w`tg n`vi etgir `dnerbftèd fdl aebbudàftèd

tiagdejehy (@A\)-rijftil jfws. Gewivir, en tgisi, edjy twe jfws gfvi oiid

pfssil “ tgi Ijiatredà \rfdsfatèds Fat ?336, wgàg fjse idlersis l`h`tfj

s`hdfturi, fdl tgi Aebputir Ar`bi Fat ?338 . J`ki `d bfdy aeudtrìs freudltgi werjl, tgi lrfnt`dh en tgi lftf pretiatèd jfw wfs `dnjuidail oy twe

jfdlbfrk leaubidts; tgi 6073 Erhfd`zftèd ner Iaedebà Ae-epirftèd fdl

Livijepbidt‐s (EIAL) Hu`lij`dis ed Sretiatèd en Sr`vfay fdl \rfdsoerlir

Njews en Sirsedfj Lftf fdl tgi 6009 Iurepifd Ydèd L`riat`vi ed Sretiatèd en

Sirsedfj Lftf fdl \rfdsoerlir Njew en Quag Lftf.< Q`dai tgi lrfnt jfw `s st`jj `d

tgi jihfj p`pij`di, \gf`jfdl gfs rinirril te etgir prev`sèds `d rijftil jfws te

1

\gf`jfdl gfs gfl ft jifst 69, nf`jil fs wijj fs suaaissnuj, aeups l‐àtft s`dai tgiaeudtry sg`ntil nreb fosejuti bedfragy te aedst`tutèdfj bedfragy `d 601?. \gi

jftist aeup teek pjfai ed 60 Qiptiboir ?33> wgid a`v`j`fd fdl g`hgjy pepujfr

Sr`bi B`d`stir, \gfks`d Qg`dfwftrf, wfs teppjil oy f b`j`tfry mudtf, tgi Aeuda`j

ner Libearftà _inerb (jftir agfdhil te tgi Aeuda`j ner Dftèdfj Qiaur`ty).

< \g`s L`riat`vi (09/<>/IA) stftis tgft tgi IY w`jj det trfli w`tg aeudtrìs w`tgeut

fliqufti pretiatèd en pirsedfj lftf ed tgi tg`rl aeudtrìs. Fs f risujt, bfdy

aeudtrìs wiri prebptil te flept f diw pejày fdl rihujftery fpprefag tewfrls

pirsedfj lftf, bestjy d l`h`tfj nerbs.




IFS <

fllriss `ssuis rijftil te pirsedfj lftf, ih tgi A`v`j _ih`strftèd Fat 6006, tgi

Ennà`fj @dnerbftèd Fat 6008 , fdl tgi Aebputir Ar`bi Fat ?338 . Out tgisi jfws

prev`li de iqu`vfjidt fjtirdft`vi te f stredh fdl idneraifoji lftf pretiatèdjfw fs idv`sèdil `d tgi IY L`riat`vi. X`tgeut fd ixpjà`t lftf pretiatèd jfw

`d pjfai, sivirfj lftf survi`jjfdai sagibis gfvi oiid flb`d`stiril `d

\gf`jfdl ft jifst s`dai 6076 w`tgeut fliqufti jihfj sfnihufrls. Ner `dstfdai,

tgi aebputir`sil fdl edj`di a`v`j rih`strftèd systib, tgi bàreag`p dftèdfj

@L afrl systib, tgi aebputir`sil ar`b`dfj riaerls lftfofsi systib fdl

survi`jjfdai afbirfs `d puojà frifs.9

X`tg rihfrl te puojà piraiptèd en `dnerbftèd pr`vfay, `t `s faflibàfjjy

sfni te sfy tgesi ft tgi uppir seaè-iaedebà strftf fri beri fpprigids`vifoeut pr`vfay r`hgts fdl tgrifts nreb pirsedfj lftf aejjiatèd fdl usi. \g`s `s

suppertil oy n`dl`dhs lir`vil nreb f sirìs en neaus hreups ed survi`jjfdai

fdl pr`vfay aedluatil `d Ofdhkek `d 600>.> Neaus hreup pfrtà`pfdts nreb

jewir seaè-iaedebà hreups wiri neudl te oi `hderfdt foeut survi`jjfdai

prfatàis fdl eoj`vèus te tgi pr`vfay rfb`nàftèds en suag prfatàis.

Q`b`jfrjy, f ?336 surviy ed 6 ?33 @dtirdit usirs sgewil tgft iluaftèd fdl

`daebi fri pes`t`vijy aerrijftil w`tg pr`vfay fwfridiss. \gi sfbi risifrag

fjse neudl tgft 83 pir aidt en @dtirdit usirs riaehd`sil tgi`r pr`vfay r`hgts

9 \gi Dftèdfj @lidt`ty Afrl Fat 6071 riqu`ris \gf` a`t`zids oitwiid 69 fdl 83 yifrs

en fhi te fppjy ner dftèdfj `lidt`ty afrl ft jeafj aeuda`j. Fjj dftèdfj `lidt`ty afrl

gejlirs‐ pirsedfj lftf `s tgid riaerlil `dte fd edj`di aebputir systib wgàg afd

oi faaissil oy hevirdbidt ennà`fjs. Fs f diw bàreag`p iboillil afrl gfs oiid`dtreluail riaidtjy, beri pirsedfj lftf afd oi riaerlil l`riatjy te tgi afrl

w`tgeut tgi afrlgejlirs‐ kdewjilhi. X`tg rihfrl te puojà survi`jjfdai afbirfs,

`d Ofdhkek fjedi, difrjy 13 333 AA\^ ud`ts gfvi oiid `dstfjjil. X`tgeut lftf

pretiatèd jfws `d pjfai, fousis en jfrhi peejs en pirsedfj lftf fri oiyedl a`t`zids‐

aedtrej.

> S`redhredh _fbfseetf, ‗@dnerbftèd \iagdejehy fdl Ourifuarftà Qurvi`jjfdai= F

Afsi Qtuly en tgi Sepujftèd @dnerbftèd Ditwerk (S@D) `d \gf`jfdl‐ (6007) 96

@dnerbftèd \iagdejehy ner Livijepbidt 96, 9<.




IFS 9

edj`di out edjy 93 pir aidt kdiw wgft fatèd te tfki wgid nfail w`tg lftf

fousis.8

@d aedt`didtfj Iurepi, fwfridiss en lftf pretiatèd fdl pr`vfay `ssuis lr`vid

oy diw tiagdejehàfj agfjjidhis `s fjse ed tgi r`si. \gus, f hreup en

risifragirs aedluatil f bitf-fdfjys`s en puojà ep`dèd surviys ed puojà

udlirstfdl`dh en lftf pretiatèd fdl pr`vfay `d Iurepi fdl neudl tgft tgi

Iurepifd puojà hfvi s`hd`nàfdt `bpertfdai te lftf pretiatèd fdl pr`vfay. 7

\gi pr`vfay en pirsedfj `dnerbftèd wfs rfdkil 1rl `d erlir en `bpertfdai, en

tgisi, 7< pir aidt rihfrl`dh `t fs ‗viry `bpertfdt‐.0 Gewivir, tgi puojà‐s

udlirstfdl`dh wfs supirnà`fj ed sebi beri suotji fspiats en pr`vfay fdl

j`b`til te tgi jittir en pretiatèd.

63

@d riaidt yifrs, diw @dtirdit fppjàftèds j`ki sea`fj ditwerk`dh sirvàis

(QDQ), (pfrtàujfrjy Nfaioeek)66 gfvi ibirhil fs pepujfr aebbudàftèd

teejs fbedh yeudh piepji `d \gf`jfdl fdl w`tg tgib lfwd diw pr`vfay

8 D`tg`bf Kfdfd`lg`dfdl, Fwfridiss en `dnerbftèd pr`vfay r`hgts `d @dtirdit

aebbudàftèd `d \gf`jfdl (Bfstir tgis`s, Lipfrtbidt en Meurdfj`sb, Nfaujty en

Aebbudàftèd Frts, Agujfjedhkerd Yd`virs`ty, ?336) 616.

7 Lfrf Gfjj`dfd, Bàgfij Nrìliwfjl fdl Sfuj BaAfrtgy, ’‗A`t`zids‐ Siraiptèd en

Lftf Sretiatèd fdl Sr`vfay `d Iurepi‐ (?36?) ?7 Aebputir Jfw & Qiaur`ty _ivìw

?>1, ?>9.

0 Jfdlslewdi Bfrkit _isifrag, Suojà fwfridiss surviy ?337, Lftf Sretiatèd

Aebb`ssèdir, Sertfrj`dhted, @rijfdl, (?337)

:gttp=//www.lftfpretiatèd. i/leaubidts/priss/surviy37.pln4, a`til `d ò`l.

63 Gfjj`dfd, Nrìlwfjl fdl BaAfrtgy, foevi d 7, ?>9.

66 Faaerl`dh te tgi YK Ennài en Aebbudàftèds‐ (Enaeb) risifrag ripert ed sea`fj

ditwerk`dh, sea`fj ditwerk`dh s`tis ennir piepji diw fdl vfrìl wfys teaebbudàfti v`f tgi @dtirdit, wgitgir tgreuhg tgi`r SA er tgi`r beo`ji pgedi.

\giy fjjew piepji te ifs`jy fdl s`bpjy arifti tgi`r ewd edj`di pfhi er pren`ji fdl

te aedstruat fdl l`spjfy fd edj`di ditwerk en aedtfats, entid afjjil ‗nrìdls‐. Ysirs

en tgisi s`tis afd aebbudàfti v`f tgi`r pren`ji oetg w`tg tgi`r ‗nrìdls‐ fdl w`tg

piepji euts`li tgi`r j`st en aedtfats. \g`s afd oi ed f edi-te-edi ofs`s (buag j`ki fd

ibf`j), er `d f beri puojà wfy suag fs f aebbidt pestil ner fjj te sii. Qii beri

`d Enaeb, Qea`fj Ditwerk`dh= F Vufdt`tft`vi fdl Vufj`tft`vi _isifrag _ipert `dte

Ftt`tulis, Oigfvèrs, fdl Ysi, ? Fpr`j ?337.




IFS >

agfjjidhis; ner `dstfdai, tgi ud`dtidlil aedsiquidais en pest`dh sids`t`vi

pirsedfj `dnerbftèd “ tixt fs wijj fs pgetes, fdl aednusèd evir pr`vfay

sitt`dhs. Xg`ji \gf`jfdl‐s afp`tfj “ Ofdhkek “ gfs tgi g`hgist duboir enNfaioeek usirs `d tgi werjl ft 7.>7? b`jjèd fdl Nfaioeek piditrftèd `d

\gf`jfdl `s ??.36 pir aidt aebpfril te tgi aeudtry‐s pepujftèd fdl

piraidtfhi en evirfjj @dtirdit usirs ft 71.>3 pir aidt,6? j`ttji fwfridiss gfs

oiid rf`sil foeut tgi pr`vfay `bpjàftèds en tgisi pepujfr fppjàftèds. @d

aeds`lir`dh seaè-libehrfpgà fdl @dtirdit usi vfr`fojis, privèus risifrag

`dlàftil tgft hidlir, @dtirdit usfhi nriquidaìs fdl @dtirdit ixpirìdai gfl

de stft`stàfj s`hd`nàfdai te pr`vfay oigfvèurs. Gewivir, usirs w`tg g`hgir

@dtirdit usfhi sk`jjs fppjìl g`hgir flvfdai tiagdàfj pretiatèd.61 F stuly oy

Sf`di it fj, fjse neudl tgft tgi fhi en usirs fdl edj`di pr`vfay fwfridiss fristft`stàfjjy s`hd`nàfdt, wg`ji duboir en geurs spidt us`dh tgi @dtirdit pir

wiik fdl yifrs spidt us`dh tgi @dtirdit gfl de rijftèd w`tg edj`di pr`vfay

fwfridiss.6< @d tgi aedtixt en Nfaioeek, hidlir pjfys f arua`fj reji ed

litirb`d`dh l`sajesuri en `dnerbftèd. Nibfjis siib te l`sajesi jiss sids`t`vi

`dnerbftèd tgfd bfjis.69 Nibfjis, `d Gey fdl B`jdi‐s stuly, wiri fjse neudl

te idhfhi `d pr`vfay pretiatèd oigfvèurs beri tgfd bfjis.6>

Ed f beri sirèus deti (fdl `d tgi riaidt aedtixt en ayoirar`bi jfw

idneraibidt), jeafj @dtirdit flveaftis fdl bil`f gfvi pes`til pr`vfay r`hgtsfs oi`dh udlirb`dil oy jfw idnerairs‐ zifj te trfak fdl arfak lewd ed

6? Lftf eotf`dil nreb :gttp=//www.sea`fjofkirs.aeb/ojeh/><8-tep-63-o`hhist-

nfaioeek-a`tìs4.

61 Bigbit Kurt, ‗Litirb`dftèd en @dtirdit Sr`vfay Oigfvèurs en Qtulidts‐ (?363) 0

Sreail`f Qea`fj fdl Oigfvèrfj Qaìdais 6?<9, 6?<>-<7.

6< Afr`df Sf`di it fj, ‗@dtirdit Ysirs‐ Siraiptèd en ‗Sr`vfay Fwfridiss‐ fdl ‗Sr`vfay

Fatèds‐ (?338) >9 @dtirdftèdfj Meurdfj en Gubfd-Aebputir Qtulìs 9?>, 913-1?.

69 Deske it fj, ‗Ixfb`d`dh Sr`b`dh fdl Hidlir fs f Bifds te _iluai _`sk `d f Qea`fj

Ditwerk`dh Aedtixt= Afd Qterìs Agfdhi L`sajesuri fdl Sr`vfay Qitt`dh Ysi

Xgid Sirsedfj Sren`jis Fri Aedstruatil5‐ (?36?) ?7 Aebputirs `d Gubfd Oigfvèr

?3>8, ?386.

6> Bfrìf Hruoos Gey fdl Hierhi B`jdi, ‗Hidlir L`nniridais `d Sr`vfay-_ijftil

Bifsuris ner Peudh Flujt Nfaioeek‐ (?363) 63 Meurdfj en @dtirfat`vi Flvirt`s`dh ?7,

<3.




IFS 8

seurais en rubeurs surreudl`dh tgi \gf` k`dh‐s f`j`dh aedl`tèd.68 \g`s

`da`lidt gfs oiid ripertil ed tgi ADD wios`ti udlir tgi giflj`di ‗Sejài

frrist twe suspiats `d steak rubeur afsi‐.67

Fntir tgi frrist en tgi twesuspiats, wge gfl pestil tgi ‗preojibftà `dnerbftèd‐ `d twe pepujfr edj`di

nerubs, tgi tiagdejehy ar`bi supprissèd ud`t en tgi \gf` pejài ripertiljy

seuhgt aeurt erlirs te jeek `dte ibf`j aebbudàftèd en fjj tgi piepji wge

gfvi pestil, ed rijftil tepàs, `d tgi twe nerubs.

Ofsil ed tgi w`lisprifl pepujfr`ty en QDQ `d \gf`jfdl fdl tgi frrist afsi

detil foevi, `t aeujl oi frhuil tgft det edjy fri diwir fppjàftèds j`ki QDQ

predi te pr`vfay vèjftèds, out ajfssà fppjàftèds j`ki ibf`j gfvi oiid de

ixaiptèd. J`kiw`si, oetg `dnerbftèd fdl aebbudàftèd l`bidsèds enpr`vfay fri v`fojy udlir tgrift `d tgi aurridt \gf` aedtixt. 60

Bifdwg`ji, tgiri `s f lifrtg en l`riat flveafay `d \gf` a`v`j seaìty wgid `t

aebis te pr`vfay. Jeafj DHEs werk`dh `d tgi frifs en `dnerbftèd fdl

aebbudàftèd fri bf`djy neausil ed nriileb en ixprissèd, nriileb en

`dnerbftèd, aedsubir pretiatèd, `dtijjiatufj prepirty, fdl faaiss r`hgts.

@dtirist`dhjy, tgiri `s de `lidt`n`foji a`và idt`ty wgesi bf`d njfhsg`p `s

pr`vfay. \gi jfst t`bi f pr`vfay `ssui ibirhil ft f puojà jivij, `t wfs

flveaftil oy f aedsubir pretiatèd DHE wge vìwil tgi bfss tixt`dh en

68 \gi twe suspiats wiri frristil fdl agfrhil w`tg sprifl`dh edj`di rubers foeut

tgi K`dh‐s gifjtg lur`dh tgi pfdà sijj`dh `d tgi jeafj steak bfrkit ifrjìr tg`s

bedtg. \gi Aebputir Ar`bi Fat s 6< fjjewil fatèd fhf`dst aebputir usirs

sprifl`dh `dnerbftèd liibil litr`bidtfj te dftèdfj siaur`ty er nfjsi

`dnerbftèd tgft aeujl afusi pfdà fbedh tgi puojà.

67 Sfjrfk _fksfpgej, Sejài frrist twe suspiats `d steak rubeur afsi (6 Deviboir ?330)

:gttp=//`ripert.add.aeb/leas/LEA-1<77884.

60 @dnerbftèd pr`vfay fs usil `d tg`s stuly rinirs te tgi fo`j`ty en fd `dl`v`lufj te

aedtrej wgid, gew, fdl te wgft ixtidt `dnerbftèd foeut g`b er gir `s

aebbudàftil te etgirs fs wijj fs tgi aedtrej en faaiss te g`s er gir pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd. Bifdwg`ji, aebbudàftèd pr`vfay rinirs te tgi fo`j`ty en fd

`dl`v`lufj te aedtrej tgi `dtiraiptèd er l`sajesuri en g`s er gir aebbudàftèd

w`tgeut futger`sftèd.




IFS 7

hriit`dh bissfhi nreb tgid `daeb`dh Sr`bi B`d`stir Fog`s`t îmmfm`vf te fjj

beo`ji pgedi usirs fs f vèjftèd en pr`vfay.?3

Q`dai ?33>, tgiri gfvi oiid tgrii eaafsèds `d wgàg f lftf pretiatèd lrfnt

jfw fjbest bfli `t ed te tgi jih`sjft`vi fhidlf `d \gf`jfdl. Ed ifag en tgisi

eaafsèds “ Fuhust ?33>, Eateoir ?330, fdl Fuhust ?36?, tgrii l`nniridt

Afo`dits nreb tgrii l`nniridt flb`d`strftèds fhriil `d pr`da`pji te idfat tgi

lftf pretiatèd jfw fdl nerwfrlil tgi jfw te tgi Geusi en BSs ner f rifl`dh.

\gi n`rst preaiss wfs foruptjy gfjtil fntir tgi 60 Qiptiboir ?33> aeup wgid

tgi b`j`tfry mudtf l`ssejvil pfrj`fbidt fdl fppe`dtil fd `dtir`b hevirdbidt

fdl `dtir`b jih`sjfturi. \gi siaedl edi wfs kipt `d tgi wf`t`dh j`st fdl divir

bfli `t te tgi Geusi Aebb`ssèd‐s rifl`dh pgfsi. \gi tg`rl edi, fntir tgiruj`dh Sguif \gf` Sfrty-jil Afo`dit‐s fpprevfj, wfs fjse nerwfrlil ner tgi

Geusi rifl`dh, gewivir, sgertjy fntir f sijiatil peej en aebb`ssèdirs wiri

fppe`dtil te tfoji tgi lrfnt o`jj, tgi preaiss wfs aut sgert oy tgi sullid

l`ssejutèd en tgi Geusi oy ibofttjil Sr`bi B`d`stir P`dhjuak Qg`dfwftrf,

udlir siviri prissuri oy tgi fdt`-hevirdbidt bevibidt afjjil tgi Siepji‐s

Libearftà _inerb Aebb`ttii (SL_A).?6

Ofsil ed fd fdfjys`s en tgi jftist lrfnt jfw, `n pfssil, `t weujl istfoj`sg f

Aebb`ttii ed Lftf Sretiatèd te rihujfti pejàìs, stfdlfrls, fdl hu`lij`disrihfrl`dh tgi pretiatèd en pirsedfj lftf. \gi Aebb`ttii weujl nurtgir

istfoj`sg f Sirsedfj Lftf @dspiatèd Oefrl, wgàg weujl spia`nàfjjy oi

rispedsòji ner ixfb`d`dh fdl aeds`lir`dh pirsedfj lftf l`sputis.

\gi lrfnt fat weujl fppjy edjy te `dl`v`lufjs fdl tgi pr`vfti siater. @t weujl

det gfvi futger`ty evir hevirdbidt fhidaìs, wgàg fri suomiat te tgi Ennà`fj

@dnerbftèd Fat, idt`tìs us`dh fdl/er l`sajes`dh pirsedfj lftf ner tgi

?3 Ofdhkek Sudl`t, ‗Fog`s`t‐s QBQ Bissfhi‐, Fs`fd Aerrispedlidt (edj`di), 60

Liaiboir ?337 :gttp=//fs`fdaerrispedlidt.aeb/608<1/fog s`ts-sbs-bissfhi/4.

?6 \gi SL_A `s fd uborijjf pej`t afj prissuri hreup `d \gf`jfdl tgft wfs nerbil `d

Deviboir ?361. @ts f`b `s te ribevi tgi `dnjuidai en nerbir pribìr \gfks`d

Qg`dfwftrf nreb \gf` pej`tàs fdl te arifti fd udijiatil ‗Siepji‐s Aeuda`j‐ te

evirsii pej`tàfj rinerbs. \gi hreup pjfyil f jifl`dh reji `d tgi ?361‑6< \gf`

pej`tàfj ar`s`s, erhfd`s`dh jfrhi-safji pretists w`tg`d Ofdhkek fdl f niw Qeutgird

prev`dais.




IFS 0

purpesis en bfss aebbudàftèds er ner j`tirfry purpesis, er fdy idt`tìs

preaiss`dh pirsedfj lftf ner tgi`r ewd pirsedfj `dtirists, se jedh fs tgiy le

det l`sajesi er sgfri suag pirsedfj lftf w`tg etgirs.

Fb`lst ed-he`dh aurridts en hjeofj`sftèd fdl `dtirdftèdfj pejày liofti

foeut wgitgir pr`vfay `s f ud`virsfj gubfd r`hgt fdl wgitgir hjeofj `dtirdit

hevirdfdai sgeujl fllriss pr`vfay beri aehidtjy, tg`s stuly ibirhis te

nurd`sg fd `dvist`hftèd `dte pfttirds fdl `bpjàftèds en pr`vfay piraiptèds

fdl fwfridiss `d \gf`jfdl neaus`dh ed hidirfj usirs `d tgi edj`di spgiri fs

wijj fs strftihà biboirs en a`v`j seaìty.

6 _isifrag Vuistèds

6. Xgft fri tgi detfoji agfrfatir`stàs en pr`vfay piraiptèds fdl fwfridiss

en tgi \gf` puojà, edj`di fdl enn-j`di, fdl gew fri tgisi piraiptèds fdl

fwfridiss en pr`vfay fs wijj fs rifatèds te pr`vfay tgrifts fbedh \gf`

edj`di usirs `dnjuidail oy tgisi nfaters “ seaè-libehrfpgà, aujturfj

ftt`tulis, fdl @dtirdit usi agfrfatir`stàs5

?. Le piraiptèds fdl fwfridiss en pr`vfay fbedh usirs vfry `d l`nniridt

edj`di fppjàftèds “ QDQ, i-aebbirai wios`tis, edj`di nerubs, bil`fsgfr`dh fdl ojehs5 Gew5 Xgy5

1. Xgft fri tgi piraiptèds en kiy biboirs en \gf` a`v`j seaìty w`tg rihfrl

te edj`di pr`vfay fdl wgft flveafay fatèds, `n fdy, fri tfkid te prebeti

tgi r`hgt te pr`vfay `d \gf` seaìty5

? Bitgelejehy

6. F quistèddf`ri-ofsil surviy en 733 sfbpjis en @dtirdit usirs fdl beo`jipgedi usirs `d s`x rihèds en \gf`jfdl “ Dertg, Dertgifst, Qeutg fdl

Aidtrfj (bf`d neaus `d Ofdhkek fdl tgi Bitrepej`tfd frif) wfs afrrìl

eut. Qfbpji hreups wiri sariidil te `dajuli edjy @dtirdit usirs, tgus

purpes`vi sfbpj`dh fppjìs.

Foeut gfjn en tgi quistèddf`ris wiri l`stròutil bfdufjjy fdl tgi etgir

gfjn v`f tgi @dtirdit, oy pest`dh ed jeafjjy pepujfr wios`tis suag fs

pfdt`p.aeb, liklii.aeb, kfpeek.aeb fdl btgf`.aeb. \gi saepi en tgi

`dqu`ry `d tgi surviy `dajulis=




IFS 63

seaè-libehrfpgàs en tgi sfbpjil edj`di usirs;

pfttirds en @dtirdit usi en tgi sfbpjil usirs;

seaè-aujturfj ftt`tulis en tgi sfbpjil usirs;

pr`vfay fwfridiss fs ripertil oy tgi sfbpjil usirs `d tgi hidirfj

aedtixt, fdl `d tgi edj`di aedtixt;

piraiptèds en pr`vfay r`sks fdl tgrifts `d l`nniridt edj`di fppjàftèd

aedtixts ih ibf`j, BBQ, QDQ, edj`di nerubs, bàre-aedtidt

ditwerk`dh;

Fd fssissbidt en rispedsi oigfvèur `d afsis en pr`vfay fousis

risujt`dh nreb @A\s usis.

?. @d-liptg `dtirvìws w`tg sijiatil biboirs en a`v`j seaìty wge gfvi

flveaftil ner r`hgts fdl jòirtìs fdl wge gfvi werkil `d tgi sea`fj

frifs en @A\s, dfbijy, Neudlftèd ner Aedsubirs, \ijiaebbudàftèds

Aedsubir Sretiatèd @dst`tuti, \gf` Dit`zid Ditwerk, Afbpf`hd ner

Sepujfr Bil`f _inerb, Q`fb @dtijj`hidai Yd`t fdl Nriileb fhf`dst

Aidsersg`p \gf`jfdl (NFA\).

1 _isujts

1.6 Siraiptèd fdl fwfridiss en edj`di pr`vfay oy \gf` edj`di

usirs= Qurviy risifrag n`dl`dhs

1.6.6 Qeaè-libehrfpgàs

En tgi tetfj duboir en 733 pfrtà`pfdts `d tgi surviy, >3.0 pir aidt (<78) fri

bfji fdl 18.6 pir aidt (?08) fri nibfji. \gesi `d tgi 6>-?9 fhi hreup

riprisidt tgi jfrhist hreup en pfrtà`pfdts ft 96.> pir aidt (<61), nejjewil oy

tgesi `d tgi ?>-19 fhi hreup ft ?7 pir aidt (1?<). @d tirbs en `daebi, 1<.7 pir

aidt (?87) en tgi sfbpjis gfvi f bedtgjy `daebi en YQL699-166, wg`ji 13.6

pir aidt (1<6) ifrd jiss tgfd YQL699. Edjy 1.< pir aidt (?8) ifrd beri tgfd

YQL6999 YQL.

Best en tgi pfrtà`pfdts (9< pir aidt ‑ <1?) gfvi ofagijer‐s lihriis wg`ji 69.<

pir aidt (6?1) gfvi aebpjitil siaedlfry iluaftèd fdl 6?.1 pir aidt (07)

gfvi bfstir‐s lihriis er g`hgir. X`tg rispiat te tgi`r meos, <<.7 pir aidt (197)




IFS 66

fri stulidts wg`ji ?8.7 pir aidt (??1) fri hevirdbidt ennà`fjs er ibpjeyiis

`d stfti idtirpr`sis, nejjewil oy 69.1 pir aidt (6??) fdl 63.0 pir aidt (78) wge

fri ous`diss ibpjeyiis fdl sijn-ibpjeyil, `d tgft erlir.

1.6.? Sfttird en @dtirdit usi

Fs ner tgi pfttird en @dtirdit usi en tgi sfbpjil pepujftèd, tgi surviy n`dls

tgi nejjew`dh= F hriftir duboir en tgi surviyil usirs (<9 pir aidt) fri gifvy

usirs fvirfh`dh beri tgfd tgrii geurs en lf`jy usi wg`ji ?<.7 pir aidt spidl

fd fvirfhi en 6-? geurs us`dh tgi @dtirdit. Bifdwg`ji, best en tgi sfbpjil

pepujftèd fppifr te oi ixpirìdail @dtirdit usirs, w`tg <7.> pir aidt gfv`dh

beri tgfd s`x yifrs en @dtirdit usi ixpirìdai, 13.0 pir aidt gfv`dh <-> yifrs

en usi en ixpirìdai, fdl 69.> pir aidt gfv`dh 6-1 yifrs en ixpirìdai,rispiat`vijy. Best en tgi pfrtà`pfdts fjse faaiss tgi @dtirdit bf`djy nreb

tgi`r gebi aebputir (<7.0 pir aidt) wg`ji sebi (?0.7 pir aidt) faaiss tgi

@dtirdit bf`djy nreb tgi`r ennài aebputir fdl beo`ji pgedis (67 pir aidt).

@d fll`tèd, tgi surviy n`dls tgft tgi best gifv`jy usil edj`di fppjàftèds en

tgi sfbpjil pepujftèd fri fs nejjews (`d rfdk`dh erlir)= (6) sifrag idh`dis,

(?) sea`fj ditwerk`dh, (1) ijiatredà bf`j, (<) edj`di bil`f; fdl (9) wio

pertfjs.

1.6.1 Aujturfj Ftt`tulis

@d rihfrl te tgi l`stròutèd en aujturfj ftt`tulis fbedh tgesi surviyil, tgi

stuly n`dls best en tgi rispedlidts te oi aejjiat`v`st?? (0< pir aidt), jòirfj`st?1

?? Aejjiat`v`sb giri `s ixpjeril `d aedtrfst w`tg `dl`v`lufj`sb fs eppes`dh

làgetebìs ner aujturfj ftt`tulis. Xg`ji fd `dl`v`lufj`st pirsed `s agfrfatir`zil

oy fd @-aedsaèusdiss, f pril`spes`tèd tewfrls tfsk evir rijftèdsg`p, fdl f r`hgt

te pr`vfay, f aejjiat`v`st pirsed weujl oi agfrfatir`zil beri oy f XI-aedsaèusdiss, f priniridai en rijftèdsg`p evir tfsk, fdl f striss ed oijedh`dh. Qii

beri `d Gfrry A \r`fdl`s, @dl`v`lufj`sb & Aejjiat`v`sb= Diw L`riatèds `d Qea`fj

Ssyagejehy (Xistvìw Sriss, 6009) ?90.

?1 Jòirfj`sb `s pes`tèdil giri fs eppesil te aedsirvft`sb, w`tg ixajus`vi neaus ed

sea`fj vìws. F jòirfj pirsed tidls te nfveur agfdhi er tg`dhs tgft hrfv`tfti nreb

f derbft`vi trfl`tèd er tgi stftus que wg`ji tgi eppes`ti weujl oi trui ner f

aedsirvft`vi pirsed. Ner `dstfdai, f jòirfj pirsed weujl suppert iqufj r`hgts te

hfys, jihfj foertèd, fdl ristràtèd er rihujftèd en tgi r`hgt te oifr frbs. Out f




IFS 6?

(7? pir aidt), jeafj`st?< (88.> pir aidt). Bifdwg`ji, 73.1 pir aidt rfdk

aidsersg`p evir nrii ixprissèd.?9

Oy aedtrfst, edjy f niw rispedlidts fppifr te oi `dl`v`lufj`st (> pir aidt)

fdl aedsirvft`vi (67 pir aidt). Edjy ??.< pir aidt en rispedlidts suosaròi te

hjeofj`sftèd evir jeafj`sb.

N`huri 6= L`stròutèd en aujturfj ftt`tulis en surviy rispedlidts

aedsirvft`vi pirsed weujl gejl tgi eppes`ti vìws ed tgisi `ssuis. Qii beri `d

:gttp=//www.l`nnid.aeb/l`nniridai/Aedsirvft`viUvsUJòirfj4.

?< Jeafj`sb `s ixpjeril giri `d aedtrfst w`tg hjeofj sftèd. Jeafj sb usufjjy lisaròis

sea`fj bifsuris er tridls wgàg ibpgfs`si er vfjui jeafj fdl sbfjj-safji

pgidebidf. \g`s `s `d aedtrfst te jfrhi, fjj-idaebpfss`dh nrfbiwerks ner fatèd eroijìn. Jeafj`sb afd tgirineri oi aedtrfstil w`tg hjeofj`sftèd, fdl `d sebi afsis

jeafj`st fat`v`sb gfs pfrfjjijs w`tg eppes`tèd te aerperfti-jil hjeofj`sftèd. Qii

:gttp=//id.w`k`pil`f.erh/w`k`/Jeafj`sbU%?7pej`tàs%?04.

?9 \gf`jfdl gfs g`steràfjjy oiid f ‗siaur`ty stfti‐. \gi aeudtry‐s belird pej`tàfj

g`stery wfs sgfpil fs f ounnir stfti oitwiid tgi Nrii Xerjl fdl tgi Qevìt Ojea

lui te `ts strftihà hiehrfpgàfj jeaftèd `d @dleag`df. Qii beri litf`j `d Sfsuk

Sgedhpgfàg`t fdl Agr`s Ofkir, \gf`jfdl= Iaedeby fdl Sej`tàs (Exnerl Yd`virs`ty

Sriss, 6009).

@dl`v`lufj`sb >

Aejjiat`v`sb 0<

Aedsirvft`v`sb

67

Jòirfj`sb 7?

Hjeofj`sftèd

??.<

Jeafj`sb 88.>

Nriileb en

ixprissèd 60.7

Aidsersg`p 73.1

3

?3

<3

>3

73

633

6

Aujturfj Ftt`tuli en _ispedlidts




IFS 61

1.6.< Siraiptèd fdl fwfridiss en pr`vfay d tgi hidirfj (enn-j`di) aedtixt

Ofsil ed tgi surviy n`dl`dhs, tgi sfbpjil pepujftèd tidl te rfti tgi`r

pr`vfay fwfridiss g`hg `d tgisi aedtixts “ pejj`dh oeetg pr`vfay, pejài`dtrusèd, fdl pgysàfj detèds en pr`vfay (tgi r`hgt te oi jit fjedi).

Bifdwg`ji, tgiy rfti tgi`r fwfridiss foeut pr`vfay ft f bilùb jivij `d

tgisi aedtixts “ survi`jjfdai afbirfs `d tgi werkpjfai, w`ritfpp`dh ner

pejài `dvist`hftèds fdl qufj`ty fssurfdai en sirvàis (ner ixfbpji, f

aedvirsftèd riaerlil oy afjj aidtri). Jfstjy, tgiy rfti fwfridiss en pr`vfay

`ssuis `d tgi nejjew`dh aedtixts ft f jew jivij “ aedsubir lftfofsi fdl

aerperfti lftf sgfr`dh, stfti survi`jjfdai suag fs a`t`zid @L afrls fdl meo

sariid`dh tgreuhg ar`b`dfj riaerl agiaks.

Jew Bilùb G`hg

Aedsubir lftfofsi fdl

aerperfti lftf sgfr`dh

Qurvi`jjfdai afbirf `d

werkpjfaiSejj`dh oeetg pr`vfay

Qtfti survi`jjfdai

X`ritfpp`dh ner pejài

`dvist`hftèd fdl qufj`ty

fssurfdai en sirvàis

Sejài dtrusèd

Meo sariid`dh tgreuhg

ar`b`dfj riaerl agiaks

Sgysàfj detèd en

pr`vfay (tgi r`hgt te oijit fjedi).

\foji 6= Jivij en pr`vfay fwfridiss `d ennj`di aedtixts

1.6.9 Siraiptèd en tgrifts te pr`vfay `d us`dh @dtirdit fppjàftèds

_ispedlidts pirai`vi tgft tgisi @dtirdit fppjàftèds, `d rfdk`dh erlir, fri

best predi te pr`vfay vèjftèds, sea`fj ditwerk`dh fppjàftèds suag fs G`9

fdl Nfaioeek, ibf`j, edj`di bil`f, sifrag idh`dis fdl ijiatredà aebbirai

wios`tis.




IFS 69

_ifatèds te udfutger`sil usi en pirsedfj lftf

@n udfutger`sil usi en pirsedfj lftf steril edj`di `s kdewd, best

rispedlidts (<8 pir aidt) ageesi te tfki pfrt `d f sea`fj bevibidt/afbpf`hdte step `t. Xg`ji difrjy fd iqufj prepertèd en rispedlidts (<6.? pir aidt)

prinir te gfvi pejàìs fdl jfws suag fs pirsedfj lftf pretiatèd jfws `d

rispedsi te udfutger`sil usi en lftf. Edjy 66.7 pir aidt en rispedlidts

weujl j`ki te sii f t`hgtir sijn-rihujftèd nreb edj`di sirvài `dlustry.

N`huri <= L`stròutèd en rifatèdfry fpprefagis te udfutger`sil usi en pirsedfj lftf

1.6.8 Siraiptèds rihfrl`dh lftf pretiatèd jfws `d tgi \gf` aedtixt

Best en tgi rispedlidts (97.1 pir aidt) fhrii tgft puojà pfrtà`pftèd, ner

ixfbpji, f afjj ner f lftf pretiatèd jfw `d`t`ftil nreb a`và hreups er f

bfmer`ty en tgi pepujftèd, `s diilil `d erlir te faaebpj`sg pirsedfj lftf

pretiatèd. Bifdwg`ji, edjy 6>.7 pir aidt en rispedlidts oijìvi tgft aurridt

pirsedfj lftf pretiatèd `d tgi pr`vfti siater `s fjrifly sunnàìdt fdl de

pirsedfj lftf pretiatèd jfw `s riqu`ril.

<6.?

66.7

<8

Jfw fdl pejày sijn-rihujftèd en dlustry sea`fj afbpf`hd`dh

_ifatèds te Ydfutger`sil Ysi en Sirsedfj Lftf

6>.7

97.1

?9

Aurridt pr`vfti siater lftf

pretiatèd pejày `s

sunnàìdt.

Suoj a pfrtà`pft ed diilil. Qtfti sgeujl oi bf`d

biagfd`sb te nerbujfti

pejày.

Siraiptèds _ihfrl`dh Lftf Sretiatèd `d tgi \gf` Aedtixt




IFS 6>

N`huri 9= L`stròutèd en l`nniridt piraiptèds tewfrls f lftf pretiatèd jfw `d tgi

\gf` aedtixt

1.6.7 Ibpgfs`s h`vid te pr`vfay fs eppesil te nriileb en ixprissèd

Best rispedlidts (99.< pir aidt) vfjui nriileb en ixprissèd fdl pr`vfay

iqufjjy wg`ji ?1 pir aidt h`vi hriftir `bpertfdai te nriileb en ixprissèd ft

tgi ixpidsi en pr`vfay. Edjy ?6.> pir aidt en rispedlidts vfjui pr`vfay evir

nriileb en ixprissèd.

N`huri >= L`stròutèd en ofjfda`dh oitwiid nriileb en ixprissèd fdl pr`vfay

1.6.0 Siraiptèd fdl fwfridiss en edj`di pr`vfay

@d tg`s siatèd, tgi risifrag tifb fdfjysil tgi lftf oy aress-tfoujft`dh twe

sits en aejjiatil lftf fdl f stft`stàfj fdfjys`s us`dh oetg lisar`pt`vi fdl

`dniridt`fj stft`stàs te udaevir tgi rijftèdsg`p oitwiid pestujftil vfr`fojis

“ seaè-libehrfpgàs, pfttirds en @dtirdit usi, aujturfj ftt`tulis fdl

piraiptèd fdl fwfridiss en edj`di pr`vfay wgàg fjse `dajulis rifatèdfry

fdl prividt`vi bifsuris fhf`dst pr`vfay vèjftèds fdl ep`dèds rihfrl`dh

lftf pretiatèd jfws `d tgi \gf` aedtixt. \gi fdfjys`s sgews tgi nejjew`dh

sits en `dtirist`dh risujts.

Aejjiatèd

J`b`tftèd

Surpesi

Qpia`nàftèd Ysi J`b`tftèd Lftf _itidtèd

Qea`fj

ditwerk`dh

wios`tis

Qtredhjy fhrii

( 2 1.88)

Qtredhjy fhrii

( 2 1.70)

Qtredhjy fhrii

( 2 <.3?)

Qtredhjy fhrii

( 2 1.7?)

99.<

?1 ?6.>

Nriileb en ixprissèd 2

Sr`vfay

Nriileb en ixprissèd 4

Sr`vfay

Sr`vfay 4 Nriileb en

ixprissèd

Ibpgfs`s H`vid te Sr`vfay vs Nriileb en Ixprissèd




IFS 67

N`huri 8= L`stròutèd en jivijs en pr`vfay fwfridiss faress l`nniridt edj`di

fppjàftèds

\gi evirfjj bifd (x ) ner ifag fppjàftèd lir`vis nreb aebputftèd en rftil

fdswirs te f sit en quistèds fs ixpjf`dil oijew.

1.6.63 Qea`fj ditwerk`dh wios`tis

@d tirbs en pr`vfay sitt`dhs ed sea`fj ditwerk`dh s`tis, rispedlidts gfvi

belirfti jivijs en pr`vfay fwfridiss (x 2 ?.81). \giy fri fjse g`hgjy fwfri

en pr`vfay `bpjàftèds en pirsedfjjy `lidt`ny`dh lftf (x 2 1.9>). Ner

ixfbpji, tgiy ixgò`t afutèd wgid tgiy fri foeut te puoj`sg sids`t`vi

pirsedfj lftf suag fs pr`vfti pàturis, ibf`j, iluaftèd fdl werkpjfai litf`jsed tgi`r wfjjs.

1.6.66 I-aebbirai wios`tis

_ispedlidts fri g`hgjy fwfri en bfrkit`dh survi`jjfdai (x 2 1.8?), suag fs

us`dh aeekìs fdl stifjtg fppjàftèds ibpjeyil oy tgi wios`tis. \giy fri

fjse g`hgjy fwfri en lftf bftag`dh/pren`j`dh en edj`di austebirs j`kijy te

epirfti w`tg`d i-aebbirai s`tis (x 2 1.<6). Gewivir, `d rihfrl te rivifj`dh

tgi`r pirsedfj @L edj`di, rispedlidts fri belirftijy afutèus foeut bfk`dh

tgi`r pirsedfj lftf v`sòji te tgi edj`di puojà.

1.6.6? Edj`di nerubs

_ispedlidts fri g`hgjy fwfri (x 2 1.83) tgft `lidt`n`fo`j`ty en usirs riqu`ril

oy edj`di nerubs `s predi te pr`vfay vèjftèds. Q`b`jfrjy, tgiy fjse fhrii tgft

tgi aejjiatèd en airtf`d pirsedfj lftf suag fs dftèdfj `lidt`nàftèd duboirs

riqu`ril oy edj`di nerubs bfy aebpreb`si pr`vfay.

1.6.61 Bil`f sgfr`dh

Ysirs en bil`f sgfr`dh fri g`hgjy fwfri en pr`vfay (x 2 1.8>) fs te f hrift

ixtidt tgiy fhrii tgft bil`f sgfr`dh wios`tis sgeujl det riqu`ri `lidt`n`foji

pirsedfj lftf nreb usirs. @d hidirfj, rispedlidts l`sfpprevi (x 2 ?.1?) en

tgi lftf aejjiatèd prfatàis oy bil`f sgfr`dh wios`tis pfrtàujfrjy wgid `t

aebis te kiip`dh tfos en tgi v`lies tgiy vìw fdl tgi`r usi pfttirds. \g`s

sgews tgft tgiy fri fwfri en tgi pr`vfay r`sks `dvejvil.




IFS 60

1.6.6< Ojehs

Q`b`jfr te etgir edj`di pjftnerbs, ojeh usirs fri nujjy fwfri en pr`vfay

vèjftèds (x 2 1.93). _ispedlidts le det niij `t diaissfry ner ojeh sirvàiprev`lirs te riqu`ri pirsedfj lftf suag fs dfbi, fllriss fdl dftèdfj

`lidt`nàftèd afrl duboir. \g`s `bpjìs tgft tgiy le det fppria`fti tgi

trfdspfriday en edj`di pirsedfs. Divirtgijiss, tgi sfbi piraidtfhi en

rispedlidts leis det tg`dk tgiy w`jj suosaròi te fd fdedybeus ojeh spfai

j`ki `dv`sòjeh.aeb, nifr`dh fdedyb`ty bfy aebpreb`si rispedsò`j`ty.

1.6.69 \gi rijftèdsg`p oitwiid f sit en pestujftil vfr`fojis w`tg edj`di pr`vfayfwfridiss

Qeaè-libehrfpgàs fdl jivij en edj`di pr`vfay fwfridiss

Oy us`dh `dniridt`fj stft`stàs te fdfjysi tgi aejjiatil lftf, `t `s neudl tgft

tgiri `s f stft`stàfjjy s`hd`nàfdt rijftèdsg`p oitwiid tgi nejjew`dh sits en

seaè-libehrfpgà vfr`fojis “ fhi fdl iluaftèd “ fdl edj`di pr`vfay

fwfridiss. Iluaftèd, `d pfrtàujfr, `s neudl te gfvi f pes`t`vi aerrijftèd

w`tg pr`vfay fwfridiss `d fjj edj`di fppjàftèds ixaipt edj`di nerubs (ih

s`tis suag fs :www.pfdt`p.aeb4).

Sfttirds en @dtirdit usi fdl jivij en edj`di pr`vfay fwfridissFpfrt nreb libehrfpgà nfaters, pfttirds en @dtirdit usi fri fjse `bpertfdt

nfaters `dnjuida`dh tgi jivij en pr`vfay fwfridiss. N`dl`dhs `dlàfti tgft tgi

jivij en @dtirdit usi, nriquiday en @dtirdit usi fdl jidhtg en @dtirdit usi

ixpirìdai `dnjuidai tgi jivij en pr`vfay fwfridiss en rispedlidts.

_ispedlidts wge usi tgi @dtirdit jedhir, beri nriquidtjy fdl gfvi beri

ixpirìdai en @dtirdit usi fri beri j`kijy te oi fwfri en edj`di pr`vfay `ssui

tgfd tgesi wge usi @dtirdit ner sgertir fbeudts en t`bi, jiss nriquidtjy fdl

gfvi jiss ixpirìdai en @dtirdit usi.

Aujturfj ftt`tuli fdl jivij en edj`di pr`vfay fwfridiss

Faaerl`dh te tgi n`dl`dhs, tgiri `s f stft`stàfjjy s`hd`nàfdt rijftèdsg`p

oitwiid fjj tgi stulìl l`bidsèds en aujturfj ftt`tulis fdl edj`di pr`vfay

fwfridiss. Fs bidtèdil ifrjìr, neur fspiats en aujturfj ftt`tulis fri stulìl

`d tg`s risifrag wgàg aeujl oi hreupil `dte neur làgetebìs fs nejjews “

aejjiat`v`sb vs `dl`v`lufj`sb, aedsirvft`sb vs jòirfj`sb, jeafj`sb vs

hjeofj`sftèd, fdl nriileb en ixprissèd vs dftèdfj siaur`ty.




IFS ?6

`dnerbftèd-sgfr`dh aujturi. Edai tgi `dnerbftèd `s sgfril edj`di, tgi

aedtidt ewdirs fri udj`kijy te oi foji te aedtrej tgi njew en tgft `dnerbftèd.

Best en tgi `dtirvìwiis oijìvi tgft tgiri `s de suag tg`dh fs ‗pr`vfay‐ `d

diw bil`f. Ivid wgid tgi oist jfws fppjy, de edi afd hufrfdtii pr`vfay `d

tgi edj`di werjl. \iagdàfj linfujts `d edj`di fppjàftèds aebpreb`si

pr`vfay, `d bfdy afsis w`tgeut tgi kdewjilhi en usirs. Beo`ji livàis suag

fs Ojfakoirry pgedis fri iqu`ppil w`tg ou`jt-`d Hjeofj Ses`tèd`dh Qystibs

(HSQs). Edai usirs pest fdytg`dh ed Nfaioeek er \w`ttir, jeaftèd lftf w`jj

oi futebftàfjjy fttfagil te tgi idl en tgi pest. Pit, viry niw usirs siib te

afri foeut sitt`dh tgi`r pr`vfay linfujts te prividt suag fppjàftèds nreb

ripert`dh ed tgi`r jeaftèd `d erlir te pretiat tgi`r pr`vfay.

Fpfrt nreb ou`jt-`d survi`jjfdai biagfd`sbs `d aebbudàftèd livàis, tgi

bf`d pr`vfay `ssui foeut wgàg a`v`j seaìty `s aedairdil `s tgi bfrkit`dh

survi`jjfdai prfatàis (suag fs aedsubir pren`j`dh, l`riat bfrkit`dh tgreuhg

sgert bissfh`dh sirvàis, fdl spfb ibf`js), fjj en wgàg tfki flvfdtfhi en

diw @A\s. \g`s aedaird `s aeds`stidt w`tg risifrag n`dl`dhs nreb Lg`jjed fdl

Beeri, `dlàt`dh tgft rispedlidts‐ bf`d `ssui w`tg edj`di pr`vfay `s tgi

petidt`fj ner wios`tis te sijj litf`js en edj`di aedsubirs te f tg`rl pfrty.?>

1.?.? Erhfd`sftèdfj riaerl-kiip`dh prfatàis fdl `bpjàftèds ner pr`vfay

Best en tgi kiy `dnerbfdts `dtirvìwil niij tgft, `d tgi fosidai en f lftf

pretiatèd jfw, riaerl-kiip`dh erhfd`sftèds, stfti er pr`vfti, le det gfvi

prepir stfdlfrl preailuris ner gfdlj`dh pirsedfj lftf. @d tgi afsi en

hevirdbidt fhidaìs, tgi evirfrag`dh detèd en dftèdfj siaur`ty `s usufjjy

a`til te evirr`li tgi r`hgt te pr`vfay en lftf suomiats wgesi riaerls fri kipt

`d tgi`r n`jis. Berievir, tgi pej`tàfjjy-bet`vftil idneraibidt en diw jfw j`ki

tgi Aebputir Ar`bi Fat ?338 gfs spurril f tidliday te preoi `dte piepji‐s

pr`vfti lftf. Srev`sèds en tg`s jfw, `t bir`ts detài, futger`sis aebpitidtennà`fjs te `dspiat aebputir trfnnà lftf fdl aedn`safti aebputir systibs en

suspiats wgàg `d turd fjjew tgib te faaiss etgirs‐ pirsedfj `dnerbftèd.

?> Hurpriits Lg`jjed fdl \river Beeris, ‗@dtirdit Sr`vfay= @dtirprit`dh Kiy @ssuis‐

(?336) 6<(<) @dnerbftèd _iseurais Bfdfhibidt Meurdfj 11, 19.




IFS ??

Bifdwg`ji, aedsubir pren`j`dh tgreuhg tgi bftag`dh en lftf nreb l`nniridt

aerperfti lftfofsis `s sf`l te oi f rfbpfdt prfatài `d tgi pr`vfti siater.

Xg`ji tg`s prfatài widt ed uddetàil, edi `dtirvìwii stredhjy niijs tgftpr`vfti aerperftèds stfdl te jesi tgi`r riputftèd `n werl hits eut `dte tgi

puojà foeut suag prfatàis. Out tg`s sfbi pfrtà`pfdt fjse detil tgft niw

jfrhi aerperftèds w`tg f heel puojà `bfhi fri udj`kijy te trfli er rivifj

austebir lftfofsis te etgir erhfd`sftèds.

Kiy ous`diss pjfyirs wge gfvi `dvistil buag `d tgi`r aerperfti

`bfhi fdl AQ_ w`jj j`kijy try te bf`dtf`d tgi`r puojà piraiptèd

en tgibsijvis oy gfv`dh sfnihufrls ner tgi`r austebirs‐ pr`vfti

lftf= @sr`yf Sf`riipf`r`t, Q`fb @dtijj`hidai Yd`t (Q@Y).

1.?.1 Sr`vfay fwfridiss `d \gf` seaìty

\gi kiy biboirs en a`v`j seaìty `dtirvìwil fri aedv`dail tgft \gf` seaìty

hidirfjjy jfaks fd fwfridiss en pr`vfay `ssuis lui te \gf`jfdl‐s aujturfj fdl

g`steràfj ofakhreudl. N`rst, tgiy vìw \gf` seaìty fs gfv`dh jedh oiid f

aejjiat`vi seaìty, wgiri tgi `dtirist en tgi aejjiat`vi aebbud`ty `s

ibpgfs`sil ft tgi ixpidsi en tgft en tgi `dl`v`lufj‐s . Bifdwg`ji, tgi

pr`bfr`jy fhrfr`fd fdl rurfj aujturi gfs det oiid aedlua`vi te `daujaft`dh f

sidsi en pr`vfay `d f jfrhi pfrt en tgi pepujftèd. \g`s detèd `s `d j`di w`tgpej`tàfj saìdt`st K`t`yfl`sf`‐s aebbidt tgft tgi stridhtg en trfl`tèdfj \gf`

aujturi `bpilil f bfss fwfridiss en tgi en pr`vfay r`hgts. ?8

Ivid `d tgi beri urofd pfrts en tgi aeudtry wgiri piepji fri beri

`dl`v`lufj`stà fdl afd fnnerl rijft`vijy beri pr`vfti j`v`dh aedl`tèds, tgisi

`dtirvìwiis st`jj niij tgft pr`vfay `s det f ageài out rftgir f juxury ner tgi

uppir sea`fj strftf. Entidt`bis, pr`vfay `s aednusil w`tg siariay fdl tgi

aedvidìdai en fspiats en fd urofd j`nistyji j`ki aril`t afrls fdl tgi j`ki gfvi

edjy gijpil te bfki piepji jiss fwfri en tgi nfat tgft tgi`r pirsedfj`dnerbftèd bfy oi fousil.

Qiaedljy, tgi st`jj udlirlivijepil detèds en a`v`j jòirty fdl tgi ruji en jfw

gfvi fjse oiid `lidt`nìl fs nfaters sgfp`dh tgi jfak en pr`vfay aedsaèusdiss.

?8 Kr`sfdf K`t`yfl`sf`, ‗Sr`vfay _`hgts fdl Sretiatèd= Neri`hd ^fjuis `d `d Belird

\gf` Aedtixt ‐ (?339) 8 Itgàs fdl @dnerbftèd \iagdejehy 68, 68.




IFS ?<

bfd`pujftèd “ tgi agfdhi en dftèdfj @L afrls te Qbfrt afrls `d ?339 “

tgisi a`và fat`v`sts siib te ixpriss fwfridiss foeut tgi r`sks tgft bfy oi

`dvejvil w`tg suag f jfrhi-safji riaerl-kiip`dh systib fdl tgi afpfa`ty enlftf bfd`pujftèd, pfrtàujfrjy dew tgft tgi @L preaiss `s ixtidlil te

ag`jlrid fs yeudh f sivid yifrs ejl. Out s`dai tgi @L afrl `s pfrt en f

a`t`zidsg`p sagibi riqu`ril oy jfw, tgiri `s det buag tgft fd fvirfhi a`t`zid

afd l`sputi. \gi `dtirvìwiis fjse ixprissil aedaird foeut pr`vfay `d

bilàfj riaerls. @d `ts zifj te aedtf`d er fjjiv`fti puojà gifjtg `ssuis, tgi

\gf` gifjtg futger`ty entid riserts te aebp`j`dh guhi gifjtg lftfofsis,

w`tgeut n`rst siik`dh tgi aedsidt en lftf suomiats.

1.?.9 Aebbudàftèd pr`vfay\g`s `s fdetgir frif en pr`vfay tgft sivirfj pfrtà`pfdts fhrii `s preojibftà

`d \gf` seaìty out divirtgijiss siibs te he ed uddetàil. \fki pgedi

tfpp`dh ner ixfbpji; suag f prfatài `s udjfwnuj out tgiri `s j`ttji tgft tgi

fvirfhi a`t`zid aeujl le te previ g`s er gir afsi fdl te eotf`d jihfj rilriss.

Faaerl`dh te f aebbudàftèds rinerb fat`v`st wge gfs oiid werk`dh

rijidtjissjy ner nriileb en ixprissèd ner liaflis, sgi gfs fjwfys suspiatil,

fdl `s `d nfat aedv`dail, tgft gir aijj pgedi `s tfppil lui te gir flveafay

werk. Pit, sgi aeujl det n`huri eut f wfy te risejvi tg`s. Bfdy fat`v`sts, sgi

sf`l, suspiat tgi sfbi out fri j`b`til `d bifds w`tg wgàg te lifj w`tg tgi

preojib.

@t `s fjbest f aebbed kdewjilhi fbedh DHE werkirs tgft tgi`r

ennài pgedi `s tfppil, fdl dew tgi`r aijj pgedis. Out wi

gedistjy led‐t kdew wgft te le se wi jit `t oi. @n wi he te tgi

pejài, tgiy w`jj j`kijy lidy. @n wi he tgi Dftèdfj Gubfd _`hgts

Aebb`ssèd te n`ji aebpjf`dt, wi bust n`rst gfvi eur preen en

iv`lidai. Out gew le yeu hit tgft5 @d suag a`raubstfdais, @ tg`dk

gijpjissdiss must jifls te `hderfdai er ivid `dirt`f= Qup`dyf

Kjfdhdfredh, Afbpf`hd ner Sepujfr Bil`f _inerb.

Fpfrt nreb zire-`d survi`jjfdai j`ki pgedi-tfpp`dh, sebi en tgisi jifl`dh

fat`v`sts fjse veàil aedaird foeut jfrhi-safji bfrkit survi`jjfdai, suag fs




IFS ?9

spfb, QBQ, er ibf`j.?0 \giy detil tgft f jfrhi bfmer`ty en \gf` aedsubirs

bfy niij tgft suag prfatàis fri f du`sfdai out tgiy fri udfwfri tgft tgisi fri

fjse vèjftèds en r`hgt te pr`vfay.

Fs a`t`zids, tgiy aeujl r`hgtnujjy libfdl stfti fhidaìs te tfki

afri en tgi preojib beri rispedsòjy. \giy aeujl fjse libfdl

stredhir rujis fdl rihujftèds. Out tgi preojib `s tgiy fri det

fwfri tgft tgiy fri afpfoji en suag fatèd= Lr Srfv`t

Jiisftgfperdvedhsf, \ijiaebbudàftèds Aedsubir Sretiatèd

@dst`tuti.

1.?.> \gi s`tuftèd rihfrl`dh pr`vfay vèjftèds `d \gf`jfdl

H`vid tgi g`hgjy vejft`ji pej`tàfj jfdlsafpi `d \gf`jfdl `d riaidt yifrs, tgi

`dtirvìwil fat`v`sts hidirfjjy niij tgft fousis en pr`vfay gfvi `darifsil,

jfrhijy ew`dh te ajfsgis tgft ibfdfti nreb l`v`s`vi pej`tàs fbedh tgi

pepujfai, fs wijj fs nreb `dtids`nìl survi`jjfdai oy tgi stfti.

Ayoir-jydag`dh, `d wgàg pirsedfj `dnerbftèd `s oreflafst ner puojà

sarut`dy, `s vìwil fs beri fjfrb`dh tgfd survi`jjfdai en l`ssidt oy tgi stfti.

\gi jfttir `s usufjjy afrrìl eut fs f reut`di preailuri oy tgi stfti wg`ji tgi

nerbir rinjiats ixtribi pej`tà`sftèd `d wgàg tgi vèjftèd en pr`vfay `s fteej ner auro`dh eppes`dh vìwpe`dts fdl pej`tàfj `liejehìs.

\e bi, ayoir-w`tag gudts en l`ss`lidts er tgesi w`tg l`nniridt

vìwpe`dts nreb tgi bf`dstrifb fri pfrtàujfrjy werry`dh. @t

sgews tgft \gf` piepji rifjjy gfvi tgi utbest l`srispiat ner

pr`vfay r`hgt. \e tgib, pr`vfay `s det f nudlfbidtfj r`hgt. Er

ijsi tgiy weujl det risert te suag bifsuri `d try`dh te listrey

tgi`r pej`tàfj idiby= Qfrudii Fagfvfdfdtgfkuj, \gf` Dit`zid

Ditwerk.

?0 Qidl`dh ijiatredà spfb `s fatufjjy f ar`bi faaerl`dh te s 66 en tgi Aebputir Ar`bi

Fat ?338 , wgàg rifls ‗Fdy pirsed sidl`dh aebputir lftf er ijiatredà bf`j te

fdetgir pirsed fdl aevir`dh up tgi seurai en suag fneribidtèdil lftf `d f

bfddir tgft l`sturos tgi etgir pirsed‐s derbfj epirftèd en tgi`r aebputir systib

sgfjj oi suomiat te f n`di en det beri tgfd edi gudlril tgeusfdl ofgt‐. Gewivir,

te lfti, tgiri fri de riperts en fdy afsis tgft gfvi oiid ofsil ed tg`s prev`sèd.




IFS ?>

Ed tgi edi gfdl, tgisi fat`v`sts, wge hidirfjjy suppert nriileb en

ixprissèd, niij tgft tgi prej`nirftèd en nrii spiiag tgreuhg suag bifds fs

edj`di nerubs, sea`fj ditwerk`dh wios`tis, fdl ojehs `s f pes`t`vi s`hd `dtirbs en libearftà livijepbidt. Ed tgi etgir gfdl, gewivir, tgiy fjse sii

tgft tgi l`v`s`vi aejeur-aeftil pej`tàs13 `d \gf`jfdl `d tgi pfst niw yifrs gfs

jil te pej`tàfj ixtrib`sb fdl tgft tg`s gfs aedtròutil dihft`vijy te tgi

flvfdaibidt en r`hgts fdl jòirty ner \gf` piepji fs tgi ixtrib`sts

tgibsijvis gfvi `rrispedsòjy fousil tgesi r`hgts `d tgi`r libearftà

struhhjis.

@dsenfr fs stfti survi`jjfdai `s aedairdil, tg`s gfs `dliil oiid gi`hgtidil `d

tgi b`lst en tgi pej`tàfj ar`s`s fdl nirvidt lis`ri ner pej`tàfj aebbudàftèd.Qtfti survi`jjfdai en edj`di pej`tàfj nerubs gfs oiid rfbpfdt tgreuhg tgi usi

en se-afjjil ayoir aeps fdl futebftà survi`jjfdai systib. @d rispedsi, bfdy

edj`di usirs wge fri fwfri en tgisi survi`jjfdai sagibis gfvi trìl te ivfli

tgib oy us`dh a`raubvidtèd teejs er oy risitt`dh tgi`r pr`vfay sitt`dhs.

Gewivir, edi en tgi kiy `dtirvìwiis pe`dts eut tgft tg`s `s det rifj pr`vfay

fwfridiss, out rftgir f diil te g`li tgi`r rifj `lidt`tìs. @dstifl en pretiat`dh

a`t`zid‐s pr`vfay, tgi stfti, tgreuhg suag fhidaìs fs tgi B`d`stry en

@dnerbftèd fdl Aebbudàftèd \iagdejehy (B@A\), us`dh teejs suag fs tgi

Aebputir Ar`bi Fat ?338 , gfs oiid rijidtjiss `d `lidt`ny`dh fdl presiaut`dhpej`tàfj l`ss`lidts.

\gi gifvy pej`tà`sftèd `d tgi edj`di spgiri fdl tgi hrew`dh fbeudt en

ayoir w`tag-gudt`dh gfs evirsgflewil vèjftèds en pr`vfay `d tgi

13 \gi aedt`duil pej`tàfj ar`s s `d \gf`jfdl `d tgi pfst niw yifrs gfs oiid luooil oy

`dtirdftèdfj eosirvirs fs ‗aejer-aeftil pej`tàs‐ oitwiid tgi yijjew-sg`rts fdl tgi

ril-sg`rts wgàg riprisidt eppes`dh pej`tàfj `liejehìs fdl `dtirists. \gi ‗PijjewQg`rts‐ er tgi Siepji‐s Fjj`fdai ner Libearfay (SFL) `s tgi reyfj`st bevibidt tgft

gfs rfjjìl fhf`dst tgi nerbir Sr`bi B`d`stir “ \gfks`d Qg`dfwftrf, wge wfs

eustil `d f b`j`tfry aeup `d ?33>. \gi ‗_il Qg`rts‐ er tgi Yd`til Nredt ner

Libearfay fhf`dst Làtftersg`p (YLL) wgàg suppert tgi eustil \gfks`d fri

fhf`dst tgi b`j`tfry fdl gfvi oiid faausil en l`sjeyfjty te tgi reyfj istfoj`sgbidt.

Bifdwg`ji, te sebi jeafj eosirvirs, tgisi twe eppes`dh nerais gfvi fjse oiaebi f

rinjiatèd en tgi ajfsg oitwiid fd urofd b`llji ajfss ed edi s`li fdl tgi rurfj

peer ed tgi etgir.




IFS ?8

aebbira`fj spgiri, wgàg `s `dliil beri w`lisprifl. Edi kiy `dtirvìwii

oijìvis tgft pr`vfay vèjftèd `d edj`di pjftnerbs `s beri preb`didt fs usirs,

w`tg er w`tgeut tgi`r kdewjilhi, w`jj jifvi f neetpr`dt ft sebi pe`dt.\iagdàfjjy sk`jjil aebputir usirs w`jj oi foji te trfai tgi `lidt`ty fdl tgi

jeafji en tgi usir, gidai `dtids`ny`dh tgi survi`jjfdai afpfa`ty en jfrhi

erhfd`sftèds “ oetg stfti fdl aerperfti.

1.?.8 Flveaft`dh pr`vfay `d \gf`jfdl

Xg`ji nriileb en ixprissèd gfs oiid ft tgi aidtri stfhi en a`v`j r`hgts

flveafay ner liaflis, pr`vfay r`hgts gfvi det oiid h`vid suag fttidtèd ner

bfdy rifseds. _iprisidtft`vis en a`v`j seaìty `dtirvìwil tidl te niij tgft

nriileb en ixprissèd `s beri ifs`jy udlirsteel tgfd pr`vfay fdl gfs oiidaeds`stidtjy flveaftil tgreuhg tgi bfss bil`f `d \gf`jfdl te arifti pejày

`bpfats. Nurtgirberi, pr`vfay `ssuis `d tgi belird irf fri ajesijy

`dtirtw`dil w`tg tiagdejehy, fd frif `d wgàg niw DHEs `d \gf`jfdl gfvi

ixpirt`si. Jifl`dh DHEs fdl a`và fat`v`sts `d \gf`jfdl tidl te oi fssea`ftil

w`tg frifs suag fs jfdl r`hgts, aebbud`ty r`hgts, idv`redbidtfj r`hgts, neel

sfnity, gifjtg afri, er r`hgts te faaiss lruhs “ fjj en wgàg fri beri tfdhòji

tgfd pr`vfay. Ivid ibirh`dh DHEs j`ki tgi ‗\gf` Dit`zid Ditwerk‐ wgàg

`dajulis tgi r`hgt te pr`vfay `d tgi`r b`ssèd stftibidt, gfvi yit te fllriss

pr`vfay l`riatjy `d tgi`r werk.16

Divirtgijiss, tgisi jifl`dh a`v`j seaìty riprisidtft`vis le niij tgft `t `s g`hg

t`bi tgft pr`vfay oi flveaftil beri `dtids`vijy fdl systibftàfjjy `d

\gf`jfdl, h`vid fjj tgi livijepbidts surreudl`dh tgi `dnerbftèd seaìty

fdl tgi jfak en aebprigids`vi jfws te hufrfdtii tgi r`hgt te pr`vfay `d

\gf`jfdl. Fjj en tgi a`v`j seaìty riprisidtft`vis `dtirvìwil stredhjy niij tgft

pr`vfay flveafay sgeujl oi afrrìl eut strftihàfjjy `d tgi \gf` aedtixt wgiri

pr`vfay `s j`ttji udlirsteel. Edi `dtirvìwii, wge gfs oiid f stfudag

flveafti ner nriileb en ixprissèd, niijs tgft rifj-j`ni afsi stulìs en pr`vfay

16 Ivid `d tgi \gf` Dit`zid Ditwerk‐s riaidtjy puoj`sgil bfdufj en @dtirdit usirs,

sfnity `s ibpgfs`sil fs tgi tep `ssui wg`ji pr`vfay `s `dajulil udlir tgft ruorà=

sii \gf` Dit`zid Ditwerk, Bfdufj ner @dtirdit Ysi ner Dit`zids (Kgu biu

Sgedjfbufdh Dit) (Gi`dràg Oeijj Neudlftèd, ?361).




IFS ?7

vèjftèds `s f heel strftihy te flvfdai puojà udlirstfdl`dh en pr`vfay

`ssuis.

Fjj sea`fj `ssuis tgft bfy det oi tfdhòji ner puojà

udlirstfdl`dh (`dajul`dh pr`vfay) stfrt w`tg afsi stulìs. \e bi,

tg`s `s tgi best strftihà aeursi en fatèd tgft afd oi nurtgir

flvfdail `dte sea`fj afbpf`hd= Qup`dyf Kjfdhdfredh, Afbpf`hd

ner Sepujfr Bil`f _inerb.

Bifdwg`ji, aedsubir pretiatèd fat`v`sts oijìvi tgft `d erlir te bf`dtf`d

fwfridiss en pr`vfay `d tgi b`dls en tgi \gf` piepji, `t `s arua`fj te j`dk tg`s

fwfridiss te sebitg`dh beri nudlfbidtfj suag fs gifjtg, sfnity, er pirsedfj

oijedh`dhs.

Faaerl`dh te f wijj-kdewd fdl g`hgjy rispiatil aedsubir flveafti wge

jifls tgi Neudlftèd ner Aedsubirs, pr`vfay flveaftis `d \gf`jfdl sgeujl

pusg ner tgi pfss`dh en f lftf pretiatèd jfw fs tgi`r tep prèr`ty. @n tgi

pfssfhi en tgi jfw `s det `bbil`ftijy nifsòji, tgid tgiy sgeujl tfki

flvfdtfhi en etgir beri pjfusòji rihujftery fviduis suag fs tgi rujis fdl

rihujftèds er det`nàftèds en tgi diwjy istfoj`sgil aebbudàftèds rihujfter,

tgi Dftèdfj Oreflafst`dh fdl \ijiaebbud aftèds Aebb`ssèd (DO\A), wgàg

w`jj `d turd oi idneraifoji ed DO\A jàidsiis. Q`dai tgi Nriquiday Fjjeaftèd

fdl _ihujftèd en Aebbudàftèds Fat (?363) gfs f prev`sèd ed aedsubir

pretiatèd tgft rihujftis tgi pr`vfay prfatàis en oreflafst fdl

tijiaebbudàftèds epirfters, tgi DO\A tgus gfs f jihfj eoj`hftèd te

rihujfti `d tgisi frifs.

@d fll`tèd te stftutery rihujftèd er rihujftèd oy tgi stfti,1? tg`s a`và

flveafti fjse stredhjy niijs tgft `t `s `bpertfdt te pusg ner tgi sijn-rihujftèd

1? Faaerl`dh te B`jjweel-Gfrhrfvi, sijn-rihujftèd fdl ae-rihujftèd fri v`foji

belijs en rihujftèd ner l`h`tfj bil`f wgàg fri w`lijy l`nnusil, reoust, fdl

rijy`dh beri ed fulìdai-`dtirfatèd. Qii beri `d B B`jjweel-Gfrhrfvi, Beri

\rust `d Aedtidt “ tgi Setidt`fj en Ae- fdl Qijn- _ihujftèd `d L`h`tfj Bil`f, (_ipert

ner Xerk`dh Hreup 1 en tgi Aedniridai en Ixpirts ner Iurepifd Bil`f Sejày,

Ji`pz`h, Bfy 0-66, ?338) ?<.




IFS ?0

en `dlustry tgft `s beri aehd`sfdt en pr`vfay pretiatèd. 11 \g`s weujl `dvejvi

fd `dlustry aeli en itgàs fs wijj fs inniat`vi idneraibidt biagfd`sbs tgft

fri pr`vfay sids`t`vi. Bifdwg`ji, a`v`j seaìty flveaftis sgeujl werk fs neafjpe`dts `d arift`dh f bujt`jftirfj ditwerk en pfrtdirs te rf`si pr`vfay

fwfridiss ft tgi seaìtfj jivij. \g`s ditwerk sgeujl `dajuli a`v`j seaìty,

faflib`f, aedsubir hreups, fdl tgi bil`f te gijp bed`ter afsis en pr`vfay

vèjftèds wg`ji fttibpt`dh te str`ki f nru`tnuj ofjfdai oitwiid nriileb en

ixprissèd fdl pr`vfay `d \gf` seaìty.

Fs`li nreb a`v`j seaìty, fdetgir reuti tgreuhg wgàg pr`vfay fwfridiss

aeujl oi `bprevil `s tgreuhg sea`fj `dst`tutèds j`ki nfb`jy fdl sageej.

Faaerl`dh te f jedh-stfdl`dh bil`f rinerb flveafti, suag istfoj`sgbidts frifd `dtihrfj pfrt en aujt`vft`dh pr`vfay fwfridiss fbedh yeudhir hidirftèds

oy iqu`pp`dh tgib w`tg @A\ j`tirfay. ‗Nfb`jy biboirs, sageej fdl bil`f fri

tgi oist `dst`tutèds te stfrt tifag`dh foeut pr`vfay‐, sf`l tgi bil`f flveafti.

Faaerl`dh te gir, aurràujf `d sageej euhgt te oi uplftil te tifag ag`jlrid

foeut diw livijepbidts j`ki @A\s fdl tgi`r aedsiquidais. Jfst, out det jifst,

tg`s fat`v`st fdl gir a`v`j seaìty piirs aebbedjy niij tgft pej`tàfj w`jj nreb

hevirdbidt fdl pejày-bfkirs `s riqu`ril te flvfdai tgi aeursi en pr`vfay

pretiatèd `d \gf`jfdl.

< L`saussèd

\gi qufdt`tft`vi risujts en tgi stuly sgew tgft rispedlidts te tgi surviy

gfvi oitwiid bilùb te g`hg jivijs en fwfridiss en pr`vfay `d l`nniridt

edj`di fdl ennj`di aedtixts. @dtirist`dhjy, gewivir, `d tgi aedtixt en fhhrihfti

survi`jjfdai flb`d`stiril oy tgi stfti, suag fs tgreuhg a`t`zid @L afrls, fdl

ar`b`dfj riaerl agiaks er pr`vfti erhfd`sftèds suag fs aedsubir lftf b`d`dh

fdl sgfr`dh, rispedlidts ixgò`til edjy bilùb jivijs en fwfridiss.

Detfojy, tgi bifsur`dh en pr`vfay fwfridiss `d tg`s stuly lipfrts bfrkiljy

nreb risifrag `d tgi Xist wgiri pr`vfay `s fd `dgiridt vfjui fdl wijj

11 Fjse, tgi DO\A `s bfdlftil oy jfw (tgi ?337 Oreflafst`dh Fat) te prebeti bil`f

prenissèdfjs `dte sijn-rihujftery erhfd`sftèds tgft w`jj `d turd prebujhfti f aeli

en itgàs fdl put `dte inniat f systib en sijn-rihujftèd.




IFS 13

udlirsteel. \e fssiss pr`vfay fwfridiss `d tgi \gf` aedtixt, wgiri pr`vfay `s

det f nudlfbidtfj trf`t fdl `s j`ttji udlirsteel, tgi risifrag tifb gfl te

ou`jl uped aedaipts nreb tgi EIAL‐s nf`r `dnerbftèd prfatài pr`da`pjis fdlepirftèdfj`si freudl tgi l`nniridt fppjàftèds er s`tuftèdfj aedtixts te

ixfb`di tgi piraiptèd fdl fwfridiss en pr`vfay fdl rijftil oigfvèurs `d

\gf` seaìty.

Xgid aress-tfoujftil w`tg f duboir en pestujftil nfaters, tgi risifrag fjse

n`dls f stft`stàfjjy s`hd`nàfdt rijftèdsg`p oitwiid fhi fdl iluaftèd fdl

edj`di pr`vfay fwfridiss. Iluaftèd, `d pfrtàujfr, `s neudl te gfvi f pes`t`vi

aerrijftèd w`tg pr`vfay fwfridiss `d fjj edj`di fppjàftèds ixaipt edj`di

nerubs. \g`s `s aeds`stidt w`tg prèr stulìs udlirtfkid oy Sf`di it fj (?338)

1<

fdl Jiftgird (?33?).19 Gewivir, hidlir `s neudl det te fnniat tgi jivij en

pr`vfay fwfridiss fbedh rispedlidts, wgàg `s `d aedtrfst te stulìs

aedluatil oy Gey fdl B`jdi (?363)1> fdl Deske it fj (?36?).18 Sfttirds en

@dtirdit usi “ nriquiday en usi fdl jidhtg en usi ixpirìdai “ fjse gfvi f

pes`t`vi `dnjuidai ed jivijs en pr`vfay fwfridiss. \g`s `s `d aedtrfst te f stuly

oy Kurt (?363)17 tgft neudl de rijftèdsg`p oitwiid nriquiday fdl ixpirìdai

en @dtirdit usi. Gewivir, tgi rijftèdsg`p oitwiid @dtirdit usi ixpirìdai

fdl jivijs en pr`vfay fwfridiss `s aeds`stidt w`tg Jegsi it fj (?333)10 wge

l`saeviril tgft sids`t`v`ty te pr`vfay `ssuis edj`di liarifsil w`tg @dtirditixpirìdai.

Bifdwg`ji, tgiri `s f stft`stàfjjy s`hd`nàfdt rijftèdsg`p oitwiid fjj tgi

stulìl l`bidsèds en aujturfj ftt`tulis fdl edj`di pr`vfay fwfridiss.

_ispedlidts wge rftil g`hg `d tgi`r pr`vfay fwfridiss fri fjse beri

1< Sf`di it fj, foevi d 69, 911.

19

_eo Jiftgird, N\A Qiaur`ty Xerksgep Qiaur`ty fdl Sr`vfay Lftf (?3 Bfy ?33?):gttp=//www.nta.hev/oap/werksgeps/siaur`ty/3?39?3jiftgird.pln4.

1> Gey fdl B`jdi, foevi d 68, ?7.

18 Deske it fj, foevi d 6>, ?3>8.

17 Kurt, foevi d 6<, 6?<>-<7.

10 Hirfjl Jegsi, Qtivid Oijjbfd fdl Irà Megdsed, ‗Aedsubir Ouy`dh Oigfvèr ed

tgi @dtirdit= N`dl`dhs nreb Sfdij Lftf‐ (?333) 6< Meurdfj en @dtirfat`vi Bfrkit`dh 161,

1?3.




IFS 1?

beo`j`si tgi pretiatèd en pr`vfay<< fdl te neaus ed tfrhits en hreup prissuri

fdl ris`stfdai, wgàg `s `d j`di w`tg Oidditt‐s strftihìs ner pr`vfay

flveafay.<9

9 J`b`tftèds fdl _iaebbidlftèds

Fjtgeuhg tg`s stuly gfs f jfrhi duboir en rispedlidts, tgi bfmer`ty en

rispedlidts fri rijft`vijy yeudh (fhil oitwiid 6> te 19 yifrs ejl) fdl best

en tgib fri stulidts. \g`s, fs f risujt, suhhists tgft tgi n`dl`dhs b`hgt det

faaurftijy rinjiat tgi hidirfj piraiptèd en \gf` a`t`zids. Gewivir, tgi

pepujftèd fhil >3 fdl evir aedst`tutis edjy s`x pir aidt en tetfj @dtirdit

usirs `d \gf`jfdl.<> Faaerl`dhjy, tg`s sihbidt en tgi pepujftèd bfy oi`rrijivfdt te tgi neaus en tg`s risifrag. Nuturi risifrag, gewivir, aeujl

ixpfdl te aevir f w`lir rfdhi en sfbpji fhi hreups.

<< Vu`r`di I`mkbfd, ‗Beo`j`z`dh ner Sr`vfay= A`v`j Qeaìty Flveafay fhf`dst

Qurvi`jjfdai d tgi Ditgirjfdls‐ (?36?) 9 Meurdfj en Sej`tàs fdl Jfw <?, <>.

<9 Aej`d M Oidditt, \gi Sr`vfay Flveafti= _is`st`dh tgi Qprifl en Qurvi`jjfdai, (B@\ Sriss,

?337).

<> Dftèdfj Qtft`stàfj Ennài, @A\ `d \gf` Geusigejls

:gttp=//sirvài.dse.he.tg/dse/dsepuoj`sg/tgibis/n jis/àtUgg99Upeakit.pln4.




IFS 11

Fddix 6= Vuistèddf`ri

Vuistèddf`ri

6. Ibf`j= UUUUUUUUUUUUU

Qiatèd 6= Libehrfpgà

(Vuistèd ?-> Libehrfpgà Vuistèds (Sjifsi bfrk fs fpprepr`fti)

?. Qix

Nibfji

Bfji

det spia`nìl

1. Fhi )yifr(

jiss tgfd 6 9 6 > ‑ ?9 ?> ‑ 19

1> ‑ <9 <> ‑ 99 9> ‑ >9 evir >>

<. @daebi (pir bedtg)

jiss tgfd 9 ,333 9 ,333-63,333 63 ,336-?3,333

?3 ,336-13,333 13 ,336-<3,333 <3,336-93,333

beri tgfd 93,333

9. G`hgist Vufj`nàftèd (`n stuly`dh, sijiat lihrii pursu`dh)

jiss tgfd jewir siaedlfry sageej jewir siaedlfry sageej

g`hgir siaedlfry sageej veaftèdfj airt`nàfti er iqu`vfjidt

veaftèdfj l`pjebf er iqu`vfjidt Ofagijer lihrii

Bfstir lihrii SgL

> . Eaaupftèd

Qtulidt Hevirdbidt Ennà`fj Sr`vfti aebpfdy stfnn Qijn-ibpjeyil _it`ril / udibpjeyil Etgirs (pjifsi spia`ny) UU

Qiatèd ?= @dtirdit Ysfhi Sfttird

Sjifsi bfrk fs fpprepr`fti

(Vuistèd 8-63 @dtirdit Ysfhi Sfttirds)

8. Peur lf`jy @dtirdit surn`dh




IFS 1<

jiss tgfd 6 geur 6 ‑ ? geurs ? ‑ 1 geurs

beri tgfd 1 geurs

7. Peur wiikjy @dtirdit surn`dh

ivirylfy difrjy ivirylfy (9 - > lfys/wiik)

1 - < lfys/wiik 6 - ? lfys/wiik gfrljy usi/de usi

0. Gew jedh gfvi yeu oiid us`dh tgi @dtirdit5 (pjifsi ist`bfti)

jiss tgfd 6 yifr 6 ‑ 1 yifrs < ‑ > yifrs

beri tgfd > yifrs

63. Gew le yeu aeddiat te @dtirdit5 (sijiat fs bfdy fs fpprepr`fti)

SA er Detioeek nreb gebi SA er Detioeek nreb werk

Beo`ji pgedi

Etgirs suag fs @Sfl er ijiatredà livàis afpfoji en aeddiat`dh te @dtirdit suag

fs SQS, D`dtidle LQ

66. Sjifsi `dlàfti 9 fppjàftèds tgft yeu usi tgreuhg tgi @dtirdit (6 bifds best

usi/? bifds jiss usi tgfd 6).

Edj`di diwspfpir, rflè, tijiv`sèd (ih, ofdhkekpest.aeb, agfddij1.ae.tg)

Qifrag idh`di (ih, heehji.aeb, fsk.aeb)

Sertfj wio (ih, yfgee.aeb, sfdeek.aeb)

Edj`di sgep (ih, tfrfl.aeb, tgfèdj`dibfrkit.aeb)

@dtirdfj erhfd`zftèd dnerbftèd ixagfdhi wios`ti

Qea`fj ditwerk s`tis (ih, G`9, Nfaioeek)

Edj`di nerub (ih, pfdt`p.aeb, tgf`skywiooefrl.ae.tg)

Ibf`j (ih, hbf`j, yfgeebf`j er erhfd`sftèd/ud`virs`ty ibf`j)

Ojeh (ih, ojehhfdh, ixtiid, ekdftèdojeh er spia`fj dtirist ojeh)

Bàreojeh (ih \w`ttir)

Bil`f sgfr`dh (ih, yeutuoi.aeb, njàkir.aeb)




IFS 19

X`k` (ih, w`k`pil`f er w`k`jifks)

Qiatèd 1= Bifsur`dh Qea`fj Ftt`tuli


(Vuistèd 6?-?3 Bifsur`dh Qea`fj Ftt`tulis= Qeaìty fdl Aujturi)

6?. Siepji `d tgi aeudtry w`jj oi j`v`dh `d gfrbedy fdl pifai `n tgi b`der`ty prisirvi

tgi`r l`nniridt ftt`tuli fdl oigfvèur nreb tgi bfmer`ty ner puojà `dtirist

(`dl`v`lufj`sb vs. aejjiat`v`sb).

fhrii led‐t fhrii det suri

61. @n rijft`vis diil n`dfda`fj gijp fdl `t `s udj`kijy tgft tgiy w`jj oi foji te ripfy, wi

sgeujl gijp fs buag fs wi afd (`dl`v`lufj`sb vs. aejjiat`v`sb).


6<. Qix oineri bfrr`fhi er aegfo`tftèd `s derbfj telfy (jòirfj`sb vs. aedsirvft`sb).


69. Qidèr`ty systibs er pftred-ajìdt systibs `s fd eostfaji te tgi livijepbidt en

\gf` seaìty (jòirfj`sb vs. aedsirvft`sb).


6>. \gf` vfjuis gfvi litirèrftil oiafusi en \gf` piepji‐s ixpesuri te neri`hd bil`f

(hjeofj`sftèd fdl jeafj`sb).


68. Hevirdbidt sgeujl gfvi tgi r`hgt te step puoj`sg`dh, oreflafst`dh en bil`f

eutjits w`tg stredh pej`tàfj fnn`j`ftèds lui te dftèdfj siaur`ty aedairds (nriileb

en ixprissèd vs. dftèdfj siaur`ty). fhrii led‐t fhrii det suri

67. Ys`dh Ojfakoirrìs, lr`dk`dh Qtfrouaks fdl ift`dh Kerifd neel fri diw prfatàis

en \gf` tiidfhirs tgft flujts bust jifrd te faaipt (hjeofj`zftèd vs. jeafj`sb).


60. Xios`ti ojeak`dh fdl n`jtir`dh oy tgi hevirdbidt `s det fpprepr`fti fs `t vèjftis

tgi r`hgt en piepji te aebbudàfti (nriileb en ixprissèd edj`di).





IFS 1>

?3. Fs tgiri fri bfdy rij`hèds `d \gf`jfdl, iviry `bpertfdt rij`hèus lfti sgeujl oi

f puojà gej`lfy (jòirfj`sb vs. aedsirvft`sb).

fhrii

led‐t fhrii

det suri

?6. Bevìs w`tg dul`ty, vèjidai fdl `dsujt`dh ribfrks te tgi bedfragy sgeujl oi

ofddil (nriileb en ixprissèd vs. aedsirvft`sb).


??. \gi Sr`bi B`d`stir‐s riaeda`j`ftèd pjfd s f sejutèd ner \gf` seaìty

(`dl`v`lufj`sb vs. aejjiat`v`sb).


?1. Aebbudàftèd tgreuhg aebputirs fdl tgi @dtirdit ariftis diw werls suag fs

‗ag`b`, kr` kr`‐ fdl bfy ru`d tgi \gf` jfdhufhi (hjeofj`zftèd vs. jeafj`sb).


Qiatèd <= Ftt`tuli te Sr`vfay


(Vuistèd ?< ‑ 13 bifsur`dh fwfridiss en pr`vfay fs f r`hgt `d hidirfj)

SfssfhiQtredhjy

Fhrii

(9)

Fhrii(<)

Diutrfj(1)

L`sfhrii(?)

QtredhjyL`sfhrii

(6)

?<. @t `s derbfj prfatài, ner

pr`vfti aebpfdìs te sgfri

ajìdts‐ pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd, ih dfbi,

fllriss fdl tijipgedi w`tg

etgirs fs `t `s dew tgi

`dnerbftèd seaìty irf fdl

tg`s `s det aeds`liril f

vèjftèd en aedsubir

r`hgts. (bfrkit

survi`jjfdai) Dihft`vi

?9. @L afrls fri f nerb en

survi`jjfdai d \gf` seaìty

fs tgi stfti w`jj oi foji te

agiak pirsedfj `lidt`ty.

(stfti‐s ourifuarftà

survi`jjfdai)




IFS 17

1?. Peu fjwfys jeak yeur

leer wgid stfy`dh `d

pr`vfti reebs, ih

oilreeb fdl ennài

(pr`vfay fs r`hgt te oi jit

fjedi)

11. Sgedi tfpp`dh ner tgi

purpesi en stfti

`dvist`hftèd er ner

bed`ter`dh ibpjeyii‐s

werk, ih afjj aidtri, `s f

derbfj prfatài. Dihft`vi

Qiatèd 9= Bifsur`dh fwfridiss `d @dtirdit pr`vfay

1<. Nreb f j`st en @dtirdit fppjàftèds, pjifsi rfti nreb g`hgist te jewist tgi r`sk

tgft yeur pirsedfj `dnerbftèd fdl pr`vfay w`jj oi vèjftil. (6 `s tgi g`hgist r`sk

? `s jewir r`sk fdl 9 `s tgi jifst r`sk)

Edj`di diwspfpir, rflè, tijiv`sèd (ih ofdhkekpest.aeb, agfddij1.ae.tg)

Qifrag idh`di (ih, heehji.aeb, fsk.aeb)

Sertfj wio (ih, yfgee.aeb, sfdeek.aeb)

Edj`di sgep (ih, tfrfl.aeb, tgfèdj`dibfrkit.aeb)

@dtirdfj erhfd`sftèd dnerbftèd ixagfdhi wios`ti

Qea`fj ditwerk s`tis (ih, G`9, Nfaioeek) Edj`di nerub (ih, pfdt`p.aeb, tgf`skywiooefrl.ae.tg) Ibf`j (ih, hbf`j, yfgeebf`j er erhfd`zftèd/ud`virs`ty ibf`j)

Ojeh (ih, ojehhfdh, ixtiid, ekdftèdojeh er spia`fj dtirist ojeh) Bàreojeh (ih, \w`ttir)

Bil`f sgfr`dh (ih, yeutuoi.aeb, njàkir.aeb)

X`k` (ih, w`k`pil`f er w`k`jifks)




IFS 10

19. Bifsur`dh piraiptèd fdl fwfridiss `d pr`vfay r`hgt ed @dtirdit fppjàftèds

(Sjifsi bfrk fs fpprepr`fti)

Gew le yeu fhrii w`tg tgi stftibidts oijew5Edj`di Qgepp`dh

Qtftibidts

Qtredhjy

Fhrii

(9)

Fhrii

(<)

Diutrfj

(1)

L`sfhrii

(?)

Qtredhjy

L`sfhrii

(6)

6) Aejjiatèd j`b`tftèd

Ajìdt lftfofsis aebp`jil

nreb edj`di erlirs sgeujl

aedtf`d edjy ibf`j

fllrissis, det pgysàfjfllrissis.

?) Surpesi spia`nàftèd

Edj`di sgeps diil te

prev`li f rifsed ner

riquist`dh pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd nreb ajìdts.

1) Ysi j`b`tftèd

Gfv`dh prev`lil pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd, ajìdts

sgeujl oi foji te lia`li

wgitgir tgft dnerbftèd

bfy oi usil er sgfril “

pfrtàujfrjy w`tg tg`rl

pfrtìs ner bfrkit`dh

purpesis.

<) Lftf ritidtèd

F siatèd `d tgi Aebputir

Ar`bi Fat stft`dh tgft@dtirdit sirvài prev`lirs

bust kiip @dtirdit trfnnà

lftf ner ft jifst 03 lfys `d

erlir te `lidt`ny usirs `s

diaissfry pfrtàujfrjy ner

i-aebbirai wios`tis.

Dihft`vi




IFS <3

9) Ys`dh aeekìs ed i-

aebbirai wios`tis tgft

kiip ajìdts‐ pirsedfj lftf

w`tgeut tgi`r kdewjilhi

`s f nerb en vèjftèd en

aedsubir dnerbftèd

pr`vfay. (edj`di bfrkit

survi`jjfdai/aeekìs)

>) Fpfrt nreb riquist`dh

ajìdts te h`vi tgi`r

pirsedfj dnerbftèd,

sebi wios`tis fjse

futebftàfjjy kiip

ajìdts‐ ‗neetpr`dts‐ ed tgi

wio fdl bftag tgib w`tg

pirsedfj dnerbftèd te

livijep f ajìdt pren`ji

lftfofsi ner sihbidtftèd

flvirt`s`dh. Quag

prfatàis bfy or`dh

oidin`ts te tgi tfrhit

hreup fdl sgeujl det oi

aeds`liril f vèjftèd en

`dnerbftèd pr`vfay.

(aedsubir survi`jjfdai/

lftf pren`j`dh) Dihft`vi

8) Peu prinir te usi wios`tis

iqu`ppil w`tg siauri

pfybidt fdl idaryptèd

systibs tgft gfvi

`dtirdftèdfj arilò`j`ty ih

pfypfj fdl Iofy.

7) Qebi edj`di sgeps d

\gf`jfdl riqu`ri f ajìdt‐s

ibf`j, fllriss fdl

pirsedfj `dnerbftèd te oi

puoj`sgil puojàjy, out

tg`s `s stfdlfrl prfatài

ed \gf` wios`tis fdl

sgeujl det oi f preojib.

(epiddiss en systib)




IFS <6

Dihft`vi

Edj`di Nerubs

Qtftibidts

Qtredhjy

Fhrii

(9)

Fhrii

(<)

Diutrfj

(1)

L`sfhrii

(?)

Qtredhjy

L`sfhrii

(6)


Sirsedfj lftf bf`dtf`dil

oy edj`di nerub epirfters

sgeujl aedtf`d edjy ibf`j

fllrissis, det pgysàfj

fllrissis.?) Surpesi spia`nàftèd

Edj`di nerub ewdirs

diil te prev`li f rifsed

wgid tgiy riquist

pirsedfj dnerbftèd nreb

ajìdts.

1) Ysi j`b`tftèd


`dnerbftèd, usirs sgeujloi foji te lia`li wgitgir

tgft `dnerbftèd bfy oi

usil er sgfril “



purpesis.

<) Lftf ritidtèd


Ar`bi Fat stft`dh tgft

@dtirdit sirvài prev`lirs





edj`di nerubs. Dihft`vi

9) Qebi edj`di nerubs gfvi

livijepil jeh`ds te oi

sebitg`dh beri tgfd te

s`bpjy hrfdt f usir faaiss




IFS <?

te pest bissfhis. Ner

ixfbpji, tgi jeh`d ner

pfdt`p.aeb gfs oiid

j`dkil te ibf`j fdl

Nfaioeek, wgàg w`jj

idfoji puojà te `lidt`ny

tgi fatufj usir. Dihft`vi

>) Qebi pej`tàfj edj`di

nerubs riqu`ri usirs‐ te

rih`stir us`dh tgi`r @L

afrls oineri tgiy afd pest

bissfhis. \g`s prfatài

vèjftis pr`vfay. (@L-vir`nàftèd systib)

8) Ys`dh psiuledybs `d

edj`di nerubs prividts

usirs nreb oi`dh

`lidt`nìl fdl fjjews tgib

nujj nriileb en ixprissèd

w`tgeut nifr. Gewivir,

tg`s w`jj jifl te f lid`fj en

rispedsò`j`ty wgid

pest`dh bissfhis ed

edj`di nerubs. Dihft`vi

7) \giri sgeujl oi f jfw

riqu`r`dh edj`di nerubs te

sit up f ajifr pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd pr`vfay

pejày, ih lidt`ny`dh gew

pirsedfj lftf w`jj oi

steril, prev`l`dh f

pfsswerl pretiatèdbifsuri fdl fjjew`dh

usirs te agiak tgi

faaurfay en tgi`r pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd (lftf-

pretiatèd/pr`vfay pejày

riqu`ribidt).




IFS <1

Ojehs

Qtftibidts

Qtredhjy

Fhrii(9)

Fhrii

(<)

Diutrfj

(1)

L`sfhrii

(?)

Qtredhjy

L`sfhrii(6)


Lftfofsis bf`dtf`dil oy

ojeh sirvàis sgeujl

aedtf`d edjy ibf`j

fllrissis, det pgysàfj

fllrissis. ?) Surpesi spia`nàftèd

Ojeh sirvài prev`lirsbust dnerb ojehhirs en

tgi rifseds wgy tgi`r

pirsedfj dnerbftèd s

riqu`ril.

1) Ysi j`b`tftèd


`dnerbftèd, ojehhirs


wgitgir tgft dnerbftèdbfy oi usil er sgfril “



purpesis.




IFS <<

<) Lftf ritidtèd


Ar`bi Fat stft`dh tgft@dtirdit sirvài prev`lirs





ojehs. Dihft`vi

9) F aedl`tèd ner

rih`strftèd ner ojehs, j`ki

Ekdftèd, f a`t`zid

meurdfj`sb ojeh, tgft

riqu`ri tgft pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd suag fs dfbi,

fllriss fdl @L duboir oi

suob`ttil `s arua`fj te tg`s

typi en ojeh. Dihft`vi

>) Fdedybeus ojeh sirvàis,

j`ki dv`sòjeh.aeb, wgàg

le det riqu`ri f usir‐s rifj

`lidt`ty er pàturi, frifvf`jfoji. Peu tg`dk tgft

tg`s typi en ojeh `s

`dtirist`dh fdl weujl j`ki

te suosaròi te `t.

8) Peu tg`dk tgft ojeh sirvài

prev`lirs sgeujl ennir

pr`vfay nudatèds wgàg

fjjew ojehhirs te aedtrej

wgitgir etgir ojehhirsvìw tgi`r ojehs. Dihft`vi

7) Ojeh sirvài prev`lirs

sgeujl prev`li teejs te

fjjew ojeh ewdirs te j`b`t

faaiss te ded-biboirs er

ded-futger`sil usirs fdl

te g`li ojehs nreb sifrag

idh`dis.




IFS <9

Edj`di Qea`fj Ditwerks

Qtftibidts

Qtredhjy

Fhrii(9)

Fhrii

(<)

Diutrfj

(1)

L`sfhrii

(?)

Qtredhjy

L`sfhrii(6)


Sirsedfj lftf `d usir pren`jis

sgeujl aeds`st en edjy ibf`j

fllrissis rftgir tgfd lftf

tgft afd oi usil te `lidt`ny

piepji.


Edj`di sea`fj ditwerk s`tisbust `dnerb usirs en tgi

rifseds wgy tgi`r pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd s riqu`ril.

1) Ysi j`b`tftèd


`dnerbftèd, usirs sgeujl oi

foji te lia`li wgitgir tgft

`dnerbftèd bfy oi usil er

sgfril “ pfrtàujfrjy w`tgtg`rl pfrtìs ner bfrkit`dh

purpesis.

<) Lftf ritidtèd


Ar`bi Fat stft`dh tgft @dtirdit

sirvài prev`lirs bust kiip

@dtirdit trfnnà lftf ner ft jifst

03 lfys `d erlir te `lidt`ny

usirs s diaissfry pfrtàujfrjy

ner sea`fj ditwerk`dh

wios`tis. Dihft`vi

9) Xg`ji us`dh sea`fj ditwerk`dh

s`tis, yeu sit pr`vfay jivijs te

‗puojà‐, tgi b`d`bub pr`vfay

jivij, `d erlir te nfa`j`tfti

biit`dh diw piepji edj`di.

Dihft`vi

>) Peu fjwfys upjefl pirsedfj

lftf j`dkil te yeursijn “ ih




IFS <>

pgetes, ibf`js, iluaftèd fdl

ibpjeybidt dnerbftèd te

yeur pren`ji. Dihft`vi

8) Peu fri beri afutèus wgid

pest`dh pgetes tgft bfy oi

`dtirpritil dihft`vijy ih

lr`dk`dh pgetes, sbek`dh

pgetes.

7) Peu edjy faaipt nrìdl

riquists ed Nfaioeek `n yeu

kdew tgft pirsed.

Bàreojehs

Qtftibidts

Qtredhjy

Fhrii

(9)

Fhrii

(<)

Diutrfj

(1)

L`sfhrii

(?)

Qtredhjy

L`sfhrii

(6)


Sirsedfj lftf ed bàreojehs

j`ki \w`ttir sgeujl aeds`st en

edjy ibf`j fllrissis rftgir

tgfd lftf tgft afd oi usil te

`lidt`ny piepji.?) Surpesi spia`nàftèd

Bàreojeh s`tis bust dnerb

usirs en tgi rifseds wgy tgi`r

pirsedfj dnerbftèd s

riqu`ril.

1) Ysi j`b`tftèd


`dnerbftèd, bàreojeh usirs


wgitgir tgft dnerbftèd bfy

oi usil er sgfril “

pfrtàujfrjy w`tg tg`rl pfrtìs

ner bfrkit`dh purpesis.

<) Lftf ritidtèd





03 lfys `d erlir te `lidt`ny




IFS <8

usirs s diaissfry pfrtàujfrjy

ner bàreojeh wios`tis.

Dihft`vi

9) Xgid us`dh bàreojehs suag

fs \w`ttir, yeu sit yeur

pr`vfay te fjjew edjy yeur

nejjewirs te vìw yeur

oreflafst bissfhis.

>) _itwiit`dh yeur bissfhis er

pirsedfj ep`dèds oy etgirs te

udkdewd piepji s f vèjftèd

en yeur pr`vfay.

8) Peu fjwfys twiit aedtidt tgft

riprisidts yeursijn, ih lftf,

pgetes, v`lie aj`ps en aurridt

fat`v`tìs. Dihft`vi

7) Ed yeur pren`ji pfhi, yeu

rivifj yeur `lidt`ty, ih

eaaupftèd, pej`tàfj vìws,

fdl nfveur`tis `d erlir te

fttrfat piepji. Dihft`vi

Bil`f Qgfr`dh

Qtftibidts

Qtredhjy

Fhrii

(9)

Fhrii

(<)

Diutrfj

(1)

L`sfhrii

(?)

Qtredhjy

L`sfhrii

(6)


Sirsedfj lftf d usir faaeudts

`d bil`f sgfr`dh s`tis, ih

yeutuoi er njàkr, sgeujl

aeds`st en edjy ibf`j

fllrissis rftgir tgfd lftf

tgft afd oi usil te `lidt`ny

piepji.


Bil`f sgfr`dh s`tis bust

`dnerb usirs en tgi rifseds

wgy tgi`r pirsedfj

`dnerbftèd s riqu`ril.

1) Ysi j`b`tftèd





IFS <7

`dnerbftèd, usirs en bil`f

sgfr`dh s`tis sgeujl oi foji te

lia`li wgitgir tgft

`dnerbftèd bfy oi usil er

sgfril “ pfrtàujfrjy w`tg

tg`rl pfrtìs ner bfrkit`dh

purpesis.

<) Lftf ritidtèd





03 lfys `d erlir te `lidt`nyusirs s diaissfry pfrtàujfrjy

ner bil`f sgfr`dh s`tis.

Dihft`vi

9) Qter`dh gew v`lie aj`ps fri

vìwil oy yeutuoi usirs `s

oidinà`fj fdl gfrbjiss fs

yeutuoi afd ut`j`si tg`s lftf

te riaebbidl v`lie aj`ps te

usirs `d tgi nuturi. Dihft`vi

>) Ypjefl`dh f aj`p en yeur

nrìdl ed tgi oifag wifr`dh f

o`k`d` fdl fll`dh ‗yeudh jfly

ed tgi oifag‐ fs f lisar`ptèd

leis det riqu`ri pirb`ssèd

nreb yeur nrìdl.

8) Ypjefl`dh siaritjy n`jbil

v`lie aj`ps en hevirdbidt

ennà`fjs, ih aedst`tut edfj

aeurt afsis, `s f heel tg`dh fs

`t jits piepji kdew wgft

gfppidil, fjtgeuhg tgi

pirsed wge gfs oiid n`jbil

b`hgt det oi fwfri en oi`dh

n`jbil. Dihft`vi

0) Lewdjefl`dh pàturis nreb

bil`f sgfr`dh s`tis suag fs

njàkr.aeb aedvidìdtjy gijps

meurdfj`sts fdl `dl`v`lufjs te




IFS <0

n`dl airtf`d piepji‐s pàturis

ivid tgi piepji lewdjefl`dh

suag pàturis le det fatufjjy

kdew tgesi piepji. Dihft`vi

Qiatèd >= Bifsur`dh prividtèd fdl rifatèd oigfvèur wgid pr`vfay `s vèjftil.


6. Xgid f nrìdl pests wgft yeu aeds`lir te oi `dfpprepr`fti bftir`fj ed Nfaioeek

(ih pirsedfj bissfhis, `dnerbftèd er oy tfhh`dh yeu `d pgetes te sgew etgir

piepji), wgft weujl yeu le5 (rifatèd)

f. Flmust yeur pr`vfay sitt`dhs er ojeak tgft nrìdl oiafusi gi/sgi vèjftil

yeur pr`vfay. (6)

o. Sest f wfrd`dh er bissfhi ed yeur stftus se tgft Nfaioeek usirs w`jj det

idhfhi d suag oigfvèur. (?)

a. Qidl f bissfhi te Nfaioeek fsk`dh ner f ajifr fdl inniat`vi bifsuri te

prividt pr`vfay vèjftèds. (1)

l. Etgir (pjifsi spia`ny) ...........................................

?. Xeujl yeu usi `lidtàfj pfsswerls ner fjj ibf`j faaeudts5 (prividtèd)

f. Pis fdl `t w`jj oi fd ifsy pfsswerl oiafusi en aedvidìdai. (6)

o. Pis out w`jj oi f l`nnàujt pfsswerl “ etgirw`si sebiedi bfy ifs`jy

gfak by faaeudt. (?)

a. De, fs `t `s det sfni. (1)

1. Xgid us`dh \w`ttir, weujl yeu `dlàfti tgi jeaftèd nreb wgiri yeu fri

twiit`dh5 (prividtèd)

f. De, fs @ le det wfdt fdyedi te kdew wgiri @ gfvi oiid. (1)

o. Pis, se by nejjewirs kdew wgiri @ fb twiit`dh nreb. (6)

a. @ w`jj oetg tijj fdl det tijj by jeaftèd, lipidl`dh ed tgi jeaftèds (?)

<. @n ditwerk flb`d`strfter `d yeur erhfd`sftèd agiaks fdl lijitis lftf `d yeur

bf`joex, yeu weujl… (rifatèd)

f. N`ji f aebpjf`dt `dlàft`dh tgft tg`s fat `s f vèjftèd en pr`vfay. (1)

o. Le detg`dh fs @ le det wfdt te gfvi fd frhubidt w`tg by erhfd`sftèd.

(6)

a. Nerwfrl fdedybeus ibf`js te tgi @dtirdit aebbud`ty fdl etgir piepji

@ kdew `d by erhfd`sftèd, ixpjf`d`dh tgi fat fs f pr`vfay vèjftèd. (?)




IFS 93


9. Xeujl yeu j`dk lftf nreb edi wios`ti te fdetgir, ih us`dh Heehji wgid jehh`dh

`d te hbf`j5 (prividtèd)

f. De, oiafusi tgesi wios`tis w`jj tgid kdew foeut by pirsedfj j`ni. (1)

o. Pis, oiafusi `t `s beri aedvidìdt. (6)

a. Edjy ed f afsi-oy-afsi ofs`s fs @ fb det suri foeut gew tg`s fnniats

pr`vfay. (?)

>. Xgft sgeujl oi ledi te sejvi tgi preojib en us`dh pirsedfj lftf nreb i-

aebbirai wios`tis w`tgeut pirb`ssèd5 (rifatèd)

f. \giri sgeujl oi sebi sert en pud`sgbidt `d jfw. (1)o. Xios`tis sgeujl `dvidt f ajifr bifsuri te pretiat pirsedfj lftf. (6)

a. I-aebbirai wios`tis sgeujl `dnerb iviryedi te oi v`h`jfdt wgid h`v`dh

eut pirsedfj lftf. (?)


8. Xgft weujl oi yeur \w`ttir aedl`tèds ner nejjewirs5 (prividtèd)

f. Eotf`d`dh by pirb`ssèd n`rst, fs @ edjy wfdt te sgfri by stery w`tg

pfrtàujfr piepji.

o. Fjjew`dh iviryedi te nejjew by \w`ttir se tgiy afd vìw by oreflafst

bissfhis.

a. Fjjew`dh iviryedi te nejjew by \w`ttir, out @ w`jj lijiti nejjewirs edai

@ aeds`lir tgft tgiy sgeujl det oi foji te sii by twiits.

7. Xgft `s yeur ep`dèd foeut @dtirdit pr`vfay pretiatèd jfws `d \gf`jfdl (jfw fdl

pr`da`pji)

f. Hevirdbidt sgeujl oi rispedsòji ner lrfnt`dh fdl idnera`dh fjj rijftil

jfw. (1)

o. Siepji bust pfrtà`pfti `d lrfnt`dh, pfss`dh fdl idnera`dh @dtirdit

pr`vfay pretiatèd jfws.

a. \giri `s de diil ner f jfw fs wios`tis afd bfdfhi pr`vfay pretiatèd ed

tgi`r ewd.

0. @n yeu neudl eut tgi aedtidt puoj`sgil `d yeur pirsedfj ojeh `s sifragfoji

tgreuhg fd @dtirdit sifrag idh`di oy kiy werls, yeu weujl... (rifatèd)

f. Jevi `t, fdl kiip agiak`dh `n sifrag idh`dis afd st`jj n`dl by ojeh.




o. Oi fdhry fdl prividt sifrag idh`dis nreb n`dl`dh by lftf oy us`dh

reoets.txt n`ji wgàg w`jj bfki sifrag idh`dis evirjeek by lebf`d

dfbi.

a. Le detg`dh.

63. Muj`fd Fssfdhi, neudlir en X`k`jifks, rinirs te nriileb en `dnerbftèd fdl tgi

r`hgt te `dnerbftèd wgid gi puoj`sgil aedn`lidt`fj leaubidts fdl siarits ed

X`k`jifks. Xgft le yeu tg`dk5 (jfw fdl pr`da`pji)

f. Fhrii fdl suppert tgi rijifsi en `dnerbftèd ed X`k`jifks

o. @t lipidls ed tgi afsi fdl wgitgir `t sirvis tgi puojà `dtirist er `s f

pr`vfay vèjftèd.

a. Le det fhrii fs `t ariftis f puojà spgiri ner jih`t`bfti pr`vfayvèjftèds.

Fddix ?= @dtirvìw Vuistèds w`tg Jiflirs en A`v`j Qeaìty

Erhfd`sftèds

6. Gew le yeu fssiss tgi aurridt pr`vfay s`tuftèd `d \gf`jfdl5

?. Gew le yeu fssiss tgi jivij en pr`vfay fwfridiss `d \gf` seaìty5 @d tirbs en

`dnerbftèd pr`vfay fdl aebbudàftèd5

1. Gew le yeu fssiss tgi vèjftèd en pr`vfay `d \gf` seaìty5

<. Xgft `s tgi oist wfy te flveafti ner pr`vfay `d \gf`jfdl5

9. Leis yeur erhfd`sftèd bfdfhi te flveafti nre pr`vfay `d fdy wfy5 Gew5

online privacy in thailand: public and strategic awareness, pirongrong ramasoota and sopark...

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