ooabap notes with programs

7/30/2019 Ooabap Notes With Programs

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1 | P a g e S a n t o s h P

VINAYAKA

Features Of OOPS: -

1) Encapsulation2) Data Abstraction3) Inheritance4) PolymorphismApplication Of OOPS: -

1) BAPIS2) BADIS3) Enhancement Frame Work4) Webdynpro5) HR-ABAP6) CRM-Technical7) SRM8) EP9) BSPClass: - A class is a user defined data type which is the collection of different type of components.

A class only provides a template its doesnt allocate a memory.Object: - An instance of a class is called as an object.

Whenever we instance a class memory will be allocated.Access Specifies (Visibility Section): -

Types Of Class: -

1) Local Class Local class to program (SE38-ABAP Editor).2) Global Class Class Builder Tool (SE24).Syntax for creating local classes: -

1) Definition of class Declaration of components.2)

Implementation of class

Implementation of method.


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Definition of class

Class definition.

Declaration of components.

Endclass.

Implementation class

Class implementation.

Implementation of methods.

Endclass.

Object Creation: -

1)

Create reference for the class

Syntax: -

Data type ref to

Note: - Whenever an Object is created memory will be allocated for the attributes of the class and

attribute gets initialized to default values.

Access specifiers in ABAP: -

1) Public Section2) Protected Section3) Private SectionComponents of ABAP classes: -

Attributes Methods Events Interface aliases

Types Constants Data Special Normal Instance Static

Instance Instance

Constructor

Instance Static

Static StaticConstructor


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1) OOPS Concepts2) ALV Reporting Using Class3) ALV Reporting Using Function ModulesProcedure for creating global classes: -

1) Define and implement the class in class builder tool (SE24).2) Access the components of the global class in the repository objects (Executable Programs,

Include Program, and Subroutine Pool). By instantiating the class.

Z915AM_OOPS1: (LOCAL CLASS)

REPORT Z915AM_OOPS1.

CLASS EMP DEFINITION.

PUBLICSECTION.

DATA EMPNO TYPEI. "instance attributeDATA ENAME(20) TYPEC. "instance attribute

ENDCLASS. "emp DEFINITION

DATA KTYPEREFTO EMP.CREATE OBJECT K.

WRITE :/ K->EMPNO,

K->ENAME.

K->EMPNO = 1.

K->ENAME = 'abc'.

WRITE:/ K->EMPNO,

K->ENAME.

OUTPUT:

At any point of time they object store one set of values.

Note: - Only public component can be accessed outside of the class.


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Z915AM_CLASS1: (GLOBAL CLASS) SE24:

Z915AM_OOPS2:


datamtyperefto z915am_class1.

CREATE OBJECT m.

write :/ m->empno,

m->ename.

OUTPUT:


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Interacting with methods in local classes: -

1) Declare the method prototype in the class definition.Syntax: -

Method/Class-Method [parameters].

2) Implement the method in the class implementation.Syntax: -

Method .

Statements.

Endmethod.

3) Call the method.Syntax: -

Call method [parameters]

Instance method methods

Static method class-methodsIt is recommend to use in the SAP attributes/data members/Instance variables protected/private.

Methods/member function public.

Note: - Whenever a report program contains class implementation and explicitly we need handlethe event start-of-selection to indicate the starting point of program.

Z915AM_OOPS3:


class abc definition.publicsection.

methods : m1,m2.

protectedsection.data : empno typei,

ename(20) typec.endclass.

class abc implementation.method m1.

empno = 1.ename = 'xyz'.

endmethod.

method m2.write :/ empno,

ename.endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data k typerefto abc.create object k.

callmethod k->m2.


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k->m1( ).k->m2( ).OUTPUT:

Method with parameters: -

Methods: m1 importing X type i,

Y(20) type c.

Methods returning values: -

Returning Keyword: -

In case of other object oriented language a method can return exactly one value whichdone by using return keyword.

In case of ABAP a method can return any number of values by declaring those manynumber o exporting (or) importing (or) changing parameters.

To receive a method a return exactly one value we use returning parameters. It the method contains returning parameters it cannot contains exporting (or) changing

parameters.

A method can contains only one returning parameter. Returning parameter are always passed by value.

Z915AM_OOPS4:


class abc definition.

publicsection.

methods : m1 importingxtypeioptional

y typecoptional,m2.


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protectedsection.data : empno typei,

ename(20) typec.endclass.


empno = x.

ename = y.

endmethod.

method m2.

write :/ empno,

ename.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ktyperefto abc.

create object k.

parameters : p_x typei,

p_y(20) typec.

callmethod k->m1

exporting

x = p_x

y = p_y.

callmethod k->m2.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_CLASS2:

method M1.

empno = x.

ename = y.

call method m2.

endmethod.

method M2.write :/ empno,

ename.

endmethod.


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Z915AM_OOPS5:


data ktyperefto z915am_class2.

CREATE OBJECT k.


p_y(20) typec.

CALLMETHOD k->m1

EXPORTING

X = p_x

Y = p_y.

OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS6:

REPORT Z915AM_OOPS6.class abc definition.

publicsection.

methods m1 importingxtypei

y typei

exportingmtypei

n typei.

endclass.


m = x + y.

n = x - y.endmethod.


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endclass.

start-of-selection.data ktyperefto abc.

create object k.

data : lv_r1 typei,

lv_r2 typei.

callmethod k->m1

exporting

x = 200

y = 100

importing

m = lv_r1

n = lv_r2.

write :/ lv_r1,lv_r2.OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS7:REPORT Z915AM_OOPS7.


publicsection.methods m1 importingxtypei

y typei

returning value(z) typei.

endclass.

class abc implementation.

method m1.

z = x + y.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ob typerefto abc.create object ob.



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p_y typei.

data lv_z typei.

lv_z = ob->m1( x = p_x y = p_y ).

write :/ lv_z.

OUTPUT:

Exception handling in methods: -

An exception is runtime error which is raised during the program execution if theexception is not handling the program will be terminated.

Exception handling is process of handling in runtime error and containing programexecution.

The exceptions are provided by SAP as part of standard exceptions class these exceptionsare triggered by SAP itself as a developer we need to handle these exceptions by using try

and catch block.

Inside try block we need to declare this statement where the possible exception occurs. It the exception is raised in try blocked SAP creates the appropriate exception class object

and the control is transfer to catch block.

Inside the catch block we need to handle the exception by writing the appropriateexception handling statements.

All the exception classes provided by SAP start with the naming standardCX_SY_...........


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Note: - As part of catch block declaration we need to specify the exception class which isreasonable for rising exception if the developer is not sure of the exception class we can use the

exception class CX_ROOT.

CX_ROOT is a super class for all the exception classes and it can handle any kind ofexception.



publicsection.


y typei

exportingztypei.

endclass.


try.z = x / y.

* catch cx_sy_zerodivide.catch cx_root.

write :/ 'Cannot divide by zero'.

endtry.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ob typerefto abc.

create object ob.

data lv_z typei.

callmethod ob->m1

exporting

x = 10

y = 0importing

z = lv_z.

write :/ 'Diviison is ',lv_z.

write :/ 'end of program'.


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OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS9:


DATA KTYPEREFTO CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE.

DATA STRTYPE STRING.

DATA : PRGNAME TYPE SY-REPID,

INCNAME TYPE SY-REPID,POS TYPEI.

CLASS ABC DEFINITION.

PUBLICSECTION.METHODS M1 IMPORTINGXTYPEI

Y TYPEIEXPORTINGZTYPEI.

ENDCLASS. "abc DEFINITION

CLASS ABC IMPLEMENTATION.

METHOD M1.

TRY.

Z = X / Y.

CATCH CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE INTO K.

CALLMETHOD K->IF_MESSAGE~GET_TEXT

RECEIVING

RESULT = STR.

WRITE :/ 'short text is ',STR.

CLEARSTR.

CALLMETHOD K->IF_MESSAGE~GET_LONGTEXTRECEIVING

RESULT = STR.

WRITE :/ 'Long text is ',STR.

CALLMETHOD K->GET_SOURCE_POSITIONIMPORTING


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PROGRAM_NAME = PRGNAMEINCLUDE_NAME = INCNAME

SOURCE_LINE = POS.

WRITE :/ 'Program name :',PRGNAME,

/ 'Include name :',INCNAME,/ 'line no :',POS.

ENDTRY.

ENDMETHOD. "m1

ENDCLASS. "abc IMPLEMENTATION

START-OF-SELECTION.

DATA OB TYPEREFTO ABC.

CREATE OBJECT OB.

DATA LV_Z TYPEI.

CALLMETHOD OB->M1

EXPORTINGX = 10

Y = 0IMPORTING

Z = LV_Z.

WRITE :/ 'Diviison is ',LV_Z.

WRITE :/ 'end of program'.

OUTPUT:

CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE:


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Capturing system defined exception message: -

Procedure for handling standing exception: -

These exception are declared and raised SAP as a developer we need to handle try and catch.

User defines exception: -

These exceptions are declaring and handle are raised developers itself.

Procedure for handling user-define exception in local classes: -

1) Declare the user define exception as part of method declaration.Syntax: -

Exception

2) Raise the exception at appropriate place in the method implementationRaise

3) Handle the exception while calling the method by checking sy-subrc status.



publicsection.methods m1 importingxtypei

y typei

exportingztypei

exceptions divideerror.

endclass.


method m1.

ify eq0.

raise divideerror.

else.z = x / y.

endif.endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.


create object ob.

data lv_z typei.

callmethod ob->m1exporting


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x = 10y = 0

importingz = lv_z

exceptions

divideerror = 1others = 2.

ifsy-subrc eq0.

write :/ 'division is ',lv_z.

elseifsy-subrc eq1.


elseifsy-subrc eq2.

write :/ 'Unknown error'.

endif.

OUTPUT:

Z915AM_CLASS3:

method M1.

if y eq 0.

raise divideerror.


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else.z = x / y.

endif.endmethod.


data lv_z typei.

data ob typerefto z915am_class3.

create object ob.

CALLMETHOD ob->m1

EXPORTING

x = 10

y = 0

IMPORTINGZ = lv_z

EXCEPTIONSDIVIDEERROR = 11

others = 22.

ifsy-subrc eq0.

write :/ lv_z.

elseifsy-subrc eq11.

message'Cannot divide by zero'type'I'.elseifsy-subrc eq22.

message'Unknown error'type'I'.

endif.

OUTPUT:


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Instance attribute: -

These attribute are specific to an object and they are declared by using the keyword datain local classes.

For each instance attribute separate memory will be allocated they can be an accessedonly by using the object of the class.Static attribute: -

They are not specific to any object and they are declared by using the keywordCLASS_DATA in local classes.

For the static attribute memory will be allocated only when the first object is created theremaining objects points to be same memory location they are also called as class

variables.

They can be accessed either by using the object are by using the class name.Instance methods: -

In local classes they are declared by using the keyword methods they can be accessed only byusing the object. They can access both instance and static attributes.

Static methods: -

In local class they are declaring the keyword CLASS-METHOD in the local classes they

can be accessed either by using object are by using class name. They access only static attributes.



publicsection.

dataxtypei. "instance attribute

class-data y typei. "static attribute

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ob1 typerefto abc.create object ob1.

write :/ 'Values of object ob1'.

write :/ ob1->x,

ob1->y,

abc=>y.

ob1->x = 10.

ob1->y = 20.

write :/ 'Values of object ob1'.write :/ ob1->x,


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ob1->y.


write :/ 'Values of object ob2'.write :/ ob2->x,

ob2->y.

OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS13:



methods m1.

class-methods m2.

protectedsection.

dataxtypei.

class-data y typei.

endclass.


x = 10.

y = 20.

WRITE : x.

endmethod.

method m2.y = 20.

* x = 10.

write: y.

endmethod.

endclass.


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start-of-selection.

callmethod abc=>m2.abc=>m2( ).

*abc=>m1( ).

OUTPUT:

Constructors: -A constructor is a special method used for initialized for attributes of class it special because

it cannot be called explicitly it will be called implicitly.

It is always declare in public section. It never returns any values.

1) Instance2) StaticInstance Constructors: - It is declared by using keyword constructor it is executed automatically

whenever we create new instance of a class. It is specific to object.

It can contain only importing parameters and exceptions.Static Constructors: - It is declared by using the keyword CLASS_CONSTRUCTORS it is

executed automatically whenever a class is loaded a class will be loaded in cases.

1) When we accesses the static components of the class using the class name before creating anyobjects.2) When we create the first object of the class.

3) It is not specific to any object it cannot contains any parameters and exception.Note: -

Instance constructor is executed only once in the life time of object. Static constructor is executed only once in a life time of class.


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publicsection.

methods : constructor,m2.

protectedsection.

data : empno typei, "INATANCE ATTRI"

ename(20) typec.

endclass.


method constructor.

empno = 1.

ename = 'abc'.

endmethod.

method m2.

write :/ empno,ename.endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

* data ob type ref to abc.

* create object ob.

**call method ob->constructor. " u cannot specify constructor directly.

*call method ob->m2.

*call method ob->m2.

data ob1 typerefto abc.

create object ob1.

callmethod ob1->m2.

OUTPUT:


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publicsection.

methods : constructorimportingxtypeioptionaly typecoptional,

display.

protectedsection.

data : empno typei,

ename(20) typec.

endclass.


method constructor.

empno = x.

ename = y.endmethod.

method display.

write :/ empno,ename.endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.


p_y(20) typec.


create object ob

exporting

x = p_x

y = p_y.

callmethod ob->display.

OUTPUT:


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publicsection.

methods constructor.class-methods class_constructor.

endclass.


method constructor.

write :/ 'inside instance const'.

endmethod.

method class_constructor.

write :/ 'inside static const'.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.


write :/ 'Second object.........'.


create object ob2.OUTPUT:

Note: - If a class contains both instance and static constructor and when we create the first object.

1st

the static constructor is executed and next instance constructor for rest of the objects only

instance constructor get executed.


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publicsection.

methods : constructorimportingxtypeioptionaly typecoptional,

display.

protectedsection.

data : empno typei,

ename(20) typec.

endclass.


method constructor.

empno = x.

ename = y.

endmethod.

method display.write :/ empno,ename.

endmethod.endclass.

start-of-selection.

parameters : p_x typei,p_y(20) typec.


create object ob

exporting

x = p_x

y = p_y.

callmethod ob->display.

OUTPUT:


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publicsection.

methods constructor.

class-methods class_constructor.

endclass.

class abc implementation.method constructor.

write :/ 'inside instance const'.endmethod.


write :/ 'inside static const'.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.


create object ob1.

write :/ 'Second object.........'.data ob2 typerefto abc.

create object ob2.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_OOPS17:



publicsection.



class-dataxtypei.

endclass.


method constructor.

write :/ 'inside instance const'.

endmethod.

method class_constructor.write :/ 'inside static const'.

endmethod.

endclass.start-of-selection.

*abc=>x = 10.


create object ob1.

OUTPUT:


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NORMAL METHOD SPECIAL METHOD CONSTRUCTOR

It can be declared in any of the sections. Only in public section.

It has to be called explicitly. It called implicitly.

A method can have any type o parameters. Instance constructor can have importing

parameters and static constructor cannot have

any parameters.

Methods can return values. It cannot return values.

It can be called any know of times in the

lifetime of an object.

Instance constructor will be called only once

in the lifetime of every object where as static

constructor will be called only once in the

lifetime of class.

CREATING T-CODE FOR METHOD:


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CLASS ABC DEFINITION.PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS M1.PROTECTEDSECTION.

DATAXTYPEI.



METHOD M1.

BREAK-POINT.

LEAVETO LIST-PROCESSING.

WRITE :/ 'inside method m1'.

LEAVESCREEN.

ENDMETHOD. "m1


CLASS PQRDEFINITION.PROTECTEDSECTION.

DATA : XTYPEI,Y TYPEI.

ENDCLASS. "pqr DEFINITION

(SETTING BREAK POINT IN PORGRAM FOR OUR UNDERSTANDING)

EXECUTING T-CODE: ZT35


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OUTPUT:

User defined exception: -Raising: - It a method is a capable of raising the exception that enable to handle the exception then

we need to use the keyword raising as part of method declaration in this case the caller of themethod as to take the responsibility of handling the exception.



publicsection.


y typei

exportingztypei

raising cx_sy_zerodivide.

endclass.


z = x / y.

endmethod.endclass.

start-of-selection.


data rtypei.

try.callmethod ob->m1

exporting

x = 10

y = 0

importing

z = r.

catch cx_sy_zerodivide.

message'Cannot divide by zero'type'I'.

endtry.

write :/ 'diviison is ',r.


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OUTPUT:

PRESS ENTER:



p_y typei.

dataztypei.try.

perform abc using p_x p_y changingz.

catch cx_sy_zerodivide.


endtry.

write :/ 'Diviison is ',z.

form abc usingm n changing r

raising cx_sy_zerodivide.

r = m / n.

endform.

OUTPUT:


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Friend classes: - By default outside the class a object can access only public components of the

class directly.

By using friend classes to enable the object to access any components of the class directlyirresponsibility of the visibility for this consider the following session.

Consider two independent classes A and B.

If class A considers class B as friend by inside class B methods we can instantiate class Aand use the instance we can access all the component of class A directly irrespective of

the visibility.


class pqrdefinition deferred.

class abc definition friends pqr.

publicsection.

methods m1.protectedsection.

methods m2.

privatesection.

methods m3.

endclass.


method m1.

write :/ 'inside public method m1'.endmethod.

method m2.

write :/ 'inside protected method m2'.endmethod.

method m3.

write :/ 'inside private method m3'.

endmethod.

endclass.

class pqrdefinition.

publicsection.methods m4.


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endclass.

class pqrimplementation.method m4.

write :/ 'inside m4'.


callmethod : ob->m1.



endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ktyperefto pqr.

create object k.

callmethod k->m4.

OUTPUT:

In the above case the class B should be forward declared by using the keyword deferred. Deferred keyword indicates to SAP that the class definition has been delayed and it has been

declared same where else in the program.

Z915AM_CLASS4: (GLOBAL FRIEND CLASS)


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method M1.

write :/ 'inside method m1'.

endmethod.

method M2.write :/ 'inside method m2'.

endmethod.

method M3.

write :/ 'inside method m3'.

endmethod.

Z915AM_CLASS5:


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method M4.


data ob type ref to z915am_class4.create object ob.

call method : ob->m1,ob->m2,

ob->m3.endmethod.

Z915AM_OOPS22:



create object ob.

callmethod ob->m4.

OUTPUT:

Inheritance: -It is the process o acquiring the properties of other entity (class). The advantage of

inheritance is reusability. They are three types of inheritance.

1) Single2) Multiple3) Multilevel

The class which gives the properties is called as super class are base class and the classwhich takes the properties is called as subclass (or) derived class.


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Only public and protected components can be inherited. In local classes we need to use the keyword inheriting from for achieving inheritance.

1)

Single inheritance: -

A class derived from single super class.

2) Multiple inheritance: -A class derived from more than one super class.

Note: - In ABAP we cannot implement multiple inheritance directly we can implemented indirectlythrough the concept of interface.

3) Multilevel inheritance: -A class derived from another derived class.

Single inheritance

Multilevel inheritance Multiple inheritance


class cycle definition.

publicsection.methods : setcycle,

display.protectedsection.

data : wheels typei,

brakes typei,

colour(20) typec.

endclass.

class cycle implementation.

method setcycle.

wheels = 2.brakes = 2.

CLASS A

CLASS B

CLASS A

CLASS C

CLASS A CLASS B

CLASS C

CLASS B


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colour = 'green'.endmethod.

method display.

write :/ wheels,brakes,colour.

endmethod.endclass.

class scooterdefinitioninheritingfrom cycle.

publicsection.

methods setscooter.

data enginemodel typei.

endclass.

class scooterimplementation.

method setscooter.

wheels = 2.brakes = 4.

colour = 'red'.endmethod.

endclass.

class cardefinitioninheritingfrom scooter.

publicsection.

methods setcar.

endclass.

class carimplementation.

method setcar.

wheels = 4.

brakes = 5.

colour = 'blue'.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ob1 typerefto cycle.

create object ob1.

write :/ 'CYCLE class..........'.callmethod : ob1->setcycle,

ob1->display.

data ob2 typerefto scooter.

create object ob2.

write :/ 'SCOOTER class.........'.

callmethod : ob2->setscooter,

ob2->display.

data ob3 typerefto car.


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create object ob3.

write :/ 'CAR class.........'.callmethod : ob3->setcar,

ob3->display.

OUTPUT:

Z915AMCYCLE:

method SETCYCLE.wheels = 2.

brakes = 2.

colour = 'blue'.

endmethod.

method DISPLAY.

write :/ wheels,brakes,colour.

endmethod.


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Z915AMSCOOTER:

method SETSCOOTER.

wheels = 2.

brakes = 4.

colour = 'red'.

endmethod.


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Z915AMCAR:

method SETCAR.wheels = 4.

brakes = 5.colour = 'cyan'.

endmethod.


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Z915AM_OOPS25:


data ob1 typerefto z915amcycle.

create object ob1.

data ob2 typerefto z915amscooter.

create object ob2.

data ob3 typerefto z915amcar.

create object ob3.

callmethod : ob1->setcycle,

ob1->display,

ob2->setscooter,

ob2->display,

ob3->setcar,

ob3->display.

OUTPUT:


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class abc definition final.

publicsection.

dataxtypei.endclass.

class pqrdefinitioninheritingfrom abc.

endclass.

OUTPUT:

Polymorphism: -

PolyMany

Morph Forms

Ism behavior

Examples: - Method overloadingMethod overriding

Method overloading: -

If a class contains two method with the same name but different signature it is called as

method overloading.

ABAP doesnt support method overloading.Z915AM_OOPS27:



publicsection.

* methods m1.

methods m1 importingxtypei.

endclass.


METHOD M1.


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ENDMETHOD.ENDCLASS.

method overloading

Z915AM_OOPS28:



PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS M1.



METHOD M1.WRITE :/ 'inside m1 of super class'.

ENDMETHOD. "m1ENDCLASS. "abc IMPLEMENTATION

CLASS PQRDEFINITIONINHERITINGFROM ABC.

PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS M1 REDEFINITION.


CLASS PQRIMPLEMENTATION.

METHOD M1.

WRITE :/ 'inside m1 of sub class'.CALLMETHOD SUPER->M1.

ENDMETHOD. "m1

ENDCLASS. "pqr IMPLEMENTATION

START-OF-SELECTION.

DATA OB TYPEREFTO PQR.CREATE OBJECT OB.

CALLMETHOD OB->m1.

OUTPUT:


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Method overriding: -

If a sub class overwrites a super class method is called as method overriding.

Whenever a sub class wants to override the super class method a sub class wants todeclare the super class method in the subclass by using REDEFINITION keyword.

While redefined the methods we cannot change the visibility of the method. Whenever a subclass overrides the super class method it is always recommended to call

the super class method version in the subclass by using super keyword.

Super keyword is used for referring to super class components from the sub class. To redefine a global method put cursor on the method click on redefine.

Z915AM_CLASS6:

methodM1.

write :/ 'inside method m1 of super class'.endmethod.

Z915AM_CLASS7:


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method M1.write :/ 'inside m1 of subclass'.

CALLMETHOD SUPER->M1.

endmethod.

Z915AM_OOPS29:



create object ob.

callmethod ob->m1.

OUTPUT:

Final keyword: -

Final keyword can be used at two levels.

1) Class level2) Method levelThe class created as final cannot be inherited.

A method created as final can be inherited but cannot redefine.Z915AM_OOPS30:



PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS M1 FINAL.



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CLASS ABC IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD M1.

WRITE :/ 'inside m1 of super class'.ENDMETHOD. "m1


CLASS PQRDEFINITIONINHERITINGFROM ABC.

PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS M2.



METHOD M2.

WRITE :/ 'inside m2 of sub class'.

CALLMETHOD M1.

ENDMETHOD. "m2


START-OF-SELECTION.DATA OB TYPEREFTO PQR.

CREATE OBJECT OB.

CALLMETHOD OB->M2.

OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS31:



publicsection.

methods m1 final.

endclass.


method m1.write :/ 'inside m1 of super class'.

endmethod.

endclass.


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publicsection.methods m2.

methods m1 redefinition.

endclass.

class pqrimplementation.

method m2.


callmethod m1.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ob typerefto pqr.

create object ob.

callmethod ob->m2.

OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS32:



publicsection.



endclass.


method constructor.

write :/ 'inside instance const. of super class'.

endmethod.


write :/ 'inside static const. of super class'.endmethod.

endclass.


publicsection.


47/93


* methods constructor.class-methods class_constructor.

endclass.


* method constructor.* write :/ 'inside instance const. of super class'.

* endmethod.


write :/ 'inside static const. of sub class'.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ob1 typerefto pqr.

create object ob1.

OUTPUT:

Hierarchy of constructor execution: -

When a super class contains static and instance constructor and id sub class contains only the static

constructor and if sub class contains only the static constructor in this case if we instantiate the subclass then the static constructor are executed from super class to sub class and then the instantiate

constructor of the super class will be executed.

Z915AM_OOPS33:



publicsection.



endclass.


method constructor.write :/ 'inside instance const. of super class'.


48/93


endmethod.

method class_constructor.write :/ 'inside static const. of super class'.

endmethod.

endclass.


publicsection.



endclass.


method constructor.

write :/ 'inside instance const. of sub class'.

callmethod super->constructor.endmethod.


write :/ 'inside static const. of sub class'.endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ob1 typerefto pqr.

create object ob1.

OUTPUT:

Note: - If the super class and sub class contains respective instance constructor it must for subclass

instance constructor to call the super class instance constructor this is done by using super keyword.

This is the only place where the constructor can be are must be called explicitly.

Note: - If the super class and sub class contains respective static and instance constructor and if

instantiate the sub class first the static constructor are executed to super class to subclass and whenthe instantiate constructor will executed subclass to super class.


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Me keyword: - Me keyword refer to current object execution it is used to differentiate bothattribute and method parameters whenever attribute and parameter names are same.

Z915AM_OOPS34:



publicsection.


n typei

exportingztypei.protectedsection.

data : xtypei,y typei.

endclass.


method m1.

me->x = x.

y = n.

z = x + y.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.


create object ob.

data rtypei.

callmethod ob->m1exporting

x = 10n = 20

importing

z = r.write :/ 'sum is ',r.

OUTPUT:


50/93


Visibility of component level: -

1) Public section2) Protected section3) Private sectionVisibility of class level: -

1) Public2) Protected3) Private4) AbstractPublic: - The default visibility of a class is public.

Public classes can be instantiated. Public classes can be inherited. The sub classes inherited the public class is also created as public by default.

Protected classes: - Protected classes can be inherited but cannot be instantiated outside the class

but it can be instantiated within the sub class method.

The sub class inheriting the protected class is also created as protected by default to createthe sub class as explicit public class we need to use extension create public as part of sub

class definition.

Z915AM_OOPS36:


class abc definitioncreateprotected.

endclass.

*class pqr definition inheriting from abc.

class pqrdefinitioncreatepublicinheritingfrom abc.

publicsection.

methods m1.endclass.


method m1.data ob typerefto abc.

create object ob.endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ktyperefto pqr.

create object k.callmethod k->m1.


51/93


OUTPUT:

protected classes.

Private classes: -

Private classes cannot be instantiated. Private classes can be inherited. The sub class inherited the private class is also created as private class by default. This sub class cannot be created as explicitly public class this can be mode possible if the

super class considers the subclass as friend.

Z915AM_OOPS37:


class abc definitioncreateprivate.

endclass.

*class pqr definition inheriting from abc.class pqrdefinitioncreatepublic

inheritingfrom abc.

publicsection.

methods m1.

endclass.


method m1.data ob typerefto abc.

create object ob.

endmethod.

endclass.

OUTPUT:


52/93


Z915AM_OOPS38:


class pqrdefinition deferred.

class abc definitioncreateprivate

friends pqr.

endclass.

class pqrdefinitioncreatepublicinheritingfrom abc.

endclass.

data ob typerefto pqr.

create object ob.

OUTPUT:

second usage of friend keyword

Abstract class: -

It is a class which contains at least one abstract method. Abstract method is a methodwhich is just declared but not implemented in local class they are declared by using the

keyword abstract.

It a class contains at least one abstract method then the entity class should be declared asabstract.

Abstract methods are always declared in public (or) protected section. We cannot instantiate the abstract classes because they are not fully implemented. The class which ever inheritance the abstract class can implement the abstract method of

the abstract class otherwise the subclass will declared as abstract.

Abstract methods are also called as non-concerted methods. We declared method as abstract when we are not sure about the implementation but we

are sure that the other classes as to use the same methods.

Z915AM_OOPS39:


CLASS RESTAURANT DEFINITION ABSTRACT.

PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS : SET,

DISPLAY,

PAYMENT ABSTRACT.

PROTECTEDSECTION.

DATA : TABLENO TYPEI,

STEWARD(20) TYPEC.

ENDCLASS. "restaurant DEFINITION


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CLASS RESTAURANT IMPLEMENTATION.METHODSET.

TABLENO = 123.STEWARD = 'abc'.

ENDMETHOD. "set

METHOD DISPLAY.

WRITE :/ TABLENO,STEWARD.

ENDMETHOD. "display

ENDCLASS. "restaurant IMPLEMENTATION

CLASS CHEQUE DEFINITION

INHERITINGFROM RESTAURANT.

PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS PAYMENT REDEFINITION.

PROTECTEDSECTION.

DATA : CQNO TYPEI,BANK(20) TYPEC,

AMT TYPEI.ENDCLASS. "cheque DEFINITIO

CLASS CHEQUE IMPLEMENTATION.

METHOD PAYMENT.

CQNO = 3444.

BANK = 'xyz'.

AMT = 333.

WRITE :/ CQNO,BANK,AMT.

ENDMETHOD. "payment

ENDCLASS. "cheque IMPLEMENTATION

CLASS CREDITCARD DEFINITION

INHERITINGFROM RESTAURANT.

PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS PAYMENT REDEFINITION.

PROTECTEDSECTION.

DATA : CCNO TYPEI,

AMOUNT TYPEI,

BANKNAME(20) TYPEC.ENDCLASS. "creditcard DEFINITIO

CLASS CREDITCARD IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD PAYMENT.

CCNO = 455.

AMOUNT = 432.

BANKNAME = 'abc'.

WRITE :/ CCNO,AMOUNT,BANKNAME.

ENDMETHOD. "payment

ENDCLASS. "creditcard IMPLEMENTATION

START-OF-SELECTION.


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DATA RTYPEREFTO RESTAURANT.

DATA CQ TYPEREFTO CHEQUE.CREATE OBJECT CQ.

WRITE :/ 'CHEQUE class'.

CALLMETHOD : CQ->SET,CQ->DISPLAY,

CQ->PAYMENT.

DATA CC TYPEREFTO CREDITCARD.

CREATE OBJECT CC.

WRITE :/ 'CREDIT CARD class'.

CALLMETHOD : CC->SET,

CC->DISPLAY,

CC->PAYMENT.

WRITE :/ 'CHEQUE ----> RESTAURANT'.R = CQ.

CALLMETHOD : R->SET,R->DISPLAY,

R->PAYMENT.

WRITE :/ 'CREDITCARD ----> RESTAURANT'.

R = CC.

CALLMETHOD : R->SET,

R->DISPLAY,

R->PAYMENT.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_REST:

methodSET.

tableno = 1.

steward = 'abc'.

endmethod.

method DISPLAY.write :/ tableno,steward.

endmethod.

Z915AM_CHEQUE:


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method PAYMENT.cqno = 123.

bank = 'yes'.amount = 455.

write :/ cqno,bank,amount.

endmethod.

Z915AM_OOPS40:


data ob typerefto z915am_cheque.

create object ob.

CALLMETHOD OB->SET.CALLMETHOD OB->DISPLAY.

CALLMETHOD OB->PAYMENT.

OUTPUT:


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Interfaces: - It is pure abstract class i.e. by default all methods of interface are abstract. By usinginterfaces we can implement multiple inheritances.

By default the visibility of the interface components are public. Interface methods contain only declaration but not implementation the implementation

must be provided in the corresponding class. The class whichever implements theinterface is called as implementation class and this class should implement all the

methods of the interface otherwise this class should be declaration as abstract.

A local class whichever wants to implement the interface must declared the interface inthe class definition by using interface keyword.

Syntax: - interface .

A class can implement any number of interfaces which is nothing but multiple inheritance

whenever the interface component are referred the outside of the interface they must be prefixed

with the name of the interface.

Interface is always implemented in public section. We cannot the instantiate the interfaces because it is not implemented.

Syntax for local interfaces: -

Interface .

Declaration of components

End interface.

Z915AM_OOPS41:


INTERFACE RECTANGLE.

CONSTANTS : LENGTH TYPEIVALUE10,BREADTH TYPEIVALUE5.

METHODS : AREA,PERIMETER.

ENDINTERFACE. "rectangle

INTERFACE SQUARE.

CONSTANTS SIDE TYPEIVALUE5.METHODS : AREA,

PERIMETER.ENDINTERFACE. "square


PUBLICSECTION.

DATA RES TYPEI.

INTERFACES RECTANGLE.

INTERFACES SQUARE.



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CLASS ABC IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD RECTANGLE~AREA.

RES = RECTANGLE~LENGTH * RECTANGLE~BREADTH.WRITE :/ 'Area of rectangle is :',RES.

ENDMETHOD. "rectangle~area

METHOD RECTANGLE~PERIMETER.

RES = 2 * ( RECTANGLE~LENGTH + RECTANGLE~BREADTH ).

WRITE :/ 'perimeter of rectangle is :',RES.

ENDMETHOD. "rectangle~perimeter

METHOD SQUARE~AREA.

RES = SQUARE~SIDE * SQUARE~SIDE.

WRITE :/ 'Area of square is :',RES.

ENDMETHOD. "square~area

METHOD SQUARE~PERIMETER.RES = 4 * SQUARE~SIDE.

WRITE :/ 'perimeter of square is :',RES.ENDMETHOD. "square~perimeter


START-OF-SELECTION.

DATA RTYPEREFTO RECTANGLE.

DATA S TYPEREFTO SQUARE.

DATA KTYPEREFTO ABC.

CREATE OBJECT K.

CALLMETHOD : K->RECTANGLE~AREA,

K->RECTANGLE~PERIMETER,

K->SQUARE~AREA,

K->SQUARE~PERIMETER.

WRITE :/ 'RECTANGLE ---> ABC'.

R = K.

CALLMETHOD : R->AREA,R->PERIMETER.

WRITE :/ 'SQUARE ---> ABC'.S = K.

CALLMETHOD : S->AREA,

S->PERIMETER.


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OUTPUT:

Aliases: - aliases are the alternative names provided to the interface components i.e. whenever the

interface components is referred outside the interface declaration it must be prefixed with the name

of interface we can avoid the lengthy naming standard by declaring the aliases by the interface

components these aliases must be declared in the definition of a class whichever the implementing

the interface. By using aliases we can also change the visibility of the interface components.

ABSTRACT CLASSES INTERFACES

Can contain both abstract and non-abstract

methods.

Can contain only abstract methods.

Explicitly we need to use abstract keyword. By default all methods are abstract.

Abstract methods can be declared in public or

protected section.

All components of interface by default are

public.

A class can inherit only one abstract class. A class can implement any know of interfaces.

Abstract class components are directly referred

in subclass.

Interface components must be prefixed with the

name of the interface.


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Z915AM_OOPS42:


INTERFACE ABC.

METHODS : M1,

M2.

ENDINTERFACE. "abc

CLASS PQRDEFINITION.PUBLICSECTION.

INTERFACES ABC.ALIASES : A1 FORABC~M1.

PROTECTEDSECTION.

ALIASES A2 FORABC~M2.ENDCLASS. "pqr DEFINITION


METHOD A1.

WRITE :/ 'inside m1'.

CALLMETHOD A2.

ENDMETHOD. "a1

METHOD A2.WRITE :/ 'inside m2'.

ENDMETHOD. "a2


START-OF-SELECTION.DATA KTYPEREFTO PQR.

CREATE OBJECT K.

CALLMETHOD : K->A1.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_INT1:

Z915AM_IMPL:

methodZ915AM_INT1~M1.


callmethod a2.

endmethod.

method Z915AM_INT1~M2.


endmethod.


62/93


Z915AM_OOPS43:


data ob typerefto z915am_impl.create object ob.

callmethod ob->a1.

OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS44:


INTERFACE ABC.METHODS : M1,

M2,

M3.

ENDINTERFACE. "abc

CLASS PQRDEFINITION ABSTRACT.

PUBLICSECTION.

INTERFACES ABC ABSTRACT METHODS M2 M3.



63/93


CLASS PQRIMPLEMENTATION.METHOD ABC~M1.

WRITE :/ 'inside m1'.ENDMETHOD. "abc~m1


CLASS XYZ DEFINITIONINHERITINGFROM PQR.

PUBLICSECTION.

METHODS : ABC~M2 REDEFINITION,

ABC~M3 REDEFINITION.

ENDCLASS. "xyz DEFINITION

CLASS XYZ IMPLEMENTATION.

METHOD ABC~M2.

WRITE :/ 'inside m2'.

ENDMETHOD. "abc~m2

METHOD ABC~M3.

WRITE :/ 'inside m3'.ENDMETHOD. "abc~m3

ENDCLASS. "xyz IMPLEMENTATION

START-OF-SELECTION.

DATA KTYPEREFTO XYZ.

CREATE OBJECT K.

CALLMETHOD : K->ABC~M1,

K->ABC~M2,

K->ABC~M3.

OUTPUT:


64/93


Z915AM_OOPS45:


interface pqr.

methods : m1,m3.

endinterface.

class abc definition abstract.

publicsection.

methods : m1 abstract,m2.

endclass.


method m2.write :/ 'inside m2'.

endmethod.

endclass.

class xyz definitioninheritingfrom abc.

publicsection.

interfaces pqr.

methods m1 redefinition.

endclass.

class xyz implementation.method pqr~m1.

write :/ 'inside m1 of pqr'.

endmethod.

method m1.

write :/ 'inside m1'.endmethod.

method pqr~m3.write :/ 'inside m3'.

endmethod.endclass.

start-of-selection.

data ob typerefto xyz.create object ob.

callmethod : ob->m1,

ob->pqr~m1,

ob->pqr~m3,

ob->m2.


65/93


OUTPUT:

Persistence service: - It is used for storing the state of an object formality it is similarly to

serialization java and .net. This service is implemented by using persistence classes. This service isimplemented in two ways.

1) By using business key identity.2) By using GUID (global unique identifier)

Storing the state of object permanently in the database is called as persistence. By default the lifetime of the scope of an object is within the program where it is created. Persistence class is always global and the naming standard is ZCL_ (or) YCL. Persistence class is always created as protected class. Whenever a persistence class is created SAP automatically create to class.

1) Base agent class naming standard is ZCB_ (or) YCB_.2) Agent class or actor class ZCA_ (or) YCA_.

Base agent class is always created as abstract the class and it is the friend of persistenceclass.

Actor class is always created as private class and it is a sub class of base agent class. Once the persistence class is created it needs to mapped with the corresponding database

table.

Persistence class using business key identity: -

In this we consider the primary key fields of the database table as business key identitywhich is used for identity the object uniquely.

In this case when the persistence class is mapped with the database tables SAP adds thefields of the database as the attributes of the persistence class.

Also it creates the following methods as part of the base agent class.1) Create_persistence.2) Delete_persistence.3) Get_persistence.

The above three method are public instance methods which gets inherited to actor class.We need to use the above methods to interact with the persistence service.

A part from this SAP also generates getter and setter methods as part of persistence class. Getter method is generated for all the fields of the database and setter methods aregenerated for non-primary key fields of the table.


66/93


To access the above three methods we require the object of base agent class. But the baseagent class is always created as abstract class and therefore cannot be instated.

Since the above three method are inherited to actor class we need to instantiate the actorclass and access these methods. But actor class is created as private class and therefore

cannot be instated.

We use the following mechanize to access these methods. Actor class is created as singleton class. As part of the actor class SAP as provided a public static attribute agent. We need to access this public static attribute agent using the actor class name. When

accessed internal it execute the static constructor of actor class it is reasonable for

creating the object. This object is return back using which we access the above three

methods.

Singleton class: -

Creating a class in such way so that we can create exactly one object is called as

singleton.

Z915AM_OOPS47:


class abc definitioncreateprivate.

publicsection.


class-methods m1 returning value(m)

typerefto abc.

methods m2.

protectedsection.class-data ktyperefto abc.

endclass.

class abc implementation.method class_constructor.

write :/ 'inside static constructor,about to create object'.create object k.

endmethod.

method m1.

write :/ 'inside static method m1,about to return object'.m = k.

endmethod.

method m2.write :/ 'inside instance method m2'.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.

data rtyperefto abc.


67/93


*r = abc=>m1( ).callmethod abc=>m1

receivingm = r.

callmethod r->m2.

OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS48:


PARAMETERS : P_DEPTNO TYPE Z730CDEPT-DEPTNO,

P_DNAME TYPE Z730CDEPT-DNAME,

P_LOC TYPE Z730CDEPT-LOC.

PARAMETERS : R1 RADIOBUTTONGROUP G1,

R2 RADIOBUTTONGROUP G1,R3 RADIOBUTTONGROUP G1.

DATA ACTORTYPEREFTO ZCA_915DEPT.

DATA PERS TYPEREFTO ZCL_915DEPT.

START-OF-SELECTION.

ACTOR = ZCA_915DEPT=>AGENT.

IF R1 = 'X'.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD ACTOR->CREATE_PERSISTENT

EXPORTING

I_DEPTNO = P_DEPTNO

I_DNAME = P_DNAME

I_LOC = P_LOC

RECEIVING

RESULT = PERS.

IF PERS ISNOTINITIAL.


68/93


COMMITWORK.ENDIF.

CATCH CX_OS_OBJECT_EXISTING .WRITE :/ 'Exception raised while creating'.

ENDTRY.

ELSEIF R2 = 'X'.TRY.

CALLMETHOD ACTOR->DELETE_PERSISTENT

EXPORTING

I_DEPTNO = P_DEPTNO.

COMMITWORK.

CATCH CX_OS_OBJECT_NOT_EXISTING .

WRITE :/ 'Object not found'.

ENDTRY.

ELSEIF R3 = 'X'.

TRY.

CLEARPERS.CALLMETHOD ACTOR->GET_PERSISTENT

EXPORTINGI_DEPTNO = P_DEPTNO

RECEIVINGRESULT = PERS.


CLEAR: P_DNAME,

P_LOC.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD PERS->GET_DNAME

RECEIVING

RESULT = P_DNAME.

CATCH CX_OS_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND .

WRITE :/ 'Exception in getter of dname'.

ENDTRY.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD PERS->GET_LOC

RECEIVING

RESULT = P_LOC.

CATCH CX_OS_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND .WRITE :/ 'Exception in getter of loc'.ENDTRY.

WRITE :/ 'Department name :',P_DNAME,

/ 'Department location :',P_LOC.

ENDIF.



ENDTRY.

ENDIF.


69/93


OUTPUT:

Persistence service using GUID: - In this we need to consider database table which contains

GUID as the first field. The data element of this field can be GUID/OS-GUID.

The data type of this field raw data type.

This field is used for unique identification of the object. The value for this field is generated dynamically by SAP.

Note: - when a persistence class is mapped with the database table containing GUID also the field

expects the GUID are added as attribute of class and also getter and setter method are generated for

the entire field except GUID.

Z915AM_OOPS49:


PARAMETERS : P_DEPTNO TYPE Z915DEPT-DEPTNO,P_DNAME TYPE Z915DEPT-DNAME,

P_LOC TYPE Z915DEPT-LOC,

P_GUID TYPE Z915DEPT-GUID.

PARAMETERS : R1 RADIOBUTTONGROUP G1,

R2 RADIOBUTTONGROUP G1,

R3 RADIOBUTTONGROUP G1.

DATA ACTORTYPEREFTO YCA_915DEPT.

DATA PERS TYPEREFTO YCL_915DEPT.DATA OB TYPEREFTO OBJECT.

START-OF-SELECTION.ACTOR = YCA_915DEPT=>AGENT.

IF R1 = 'X'.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD ACTOR->CREATE_PERSISTENT

EXPORTING

I_DEPTNO = P_DEPTNO

I_DNAME = P_DNAME


70/93


I_LOC = P_LOCRECEIVING

RESULT = PERS.IF PERS ISNOTINITIAL.

COMMITWORK.

ENDIF.CATCH CX_OS_OBJECT_EXISTING .

WRITE :/ 'Exception raised'.

ENDTRY.

ELSEIF R2 = 'X'.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD ACTOR->IF_OS_CA_PERSISTENCY~GET_PERSISTENT_BY_OID

EXPORTING

I_OID = P_GUID

RECEIVING

RESULT = OB.

PERS ?= OB.IF PERS ISNOTINITIAL.

TRY.CALLMETHOD ACTOR->IF_OS_FACTORY~DELETE_PERSISTENT

EXPORTING

I_OBJECT = PERS.

COMMITWORK.

CATCH CX_OS_OBJECT_NOT_EXISTING .


ENDTRY.

ENDIF.



CATCH CX_OS_CLASS_NOT_FOUND .

WRITE :/ 'class not found'.

ENDTRY.

ELSEIF R3 = 'X'.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD ACTOR->IF_OS_CA_PERSISTENCY~GET_PERSISTENT_BY_OIDEXPORTINGI_OID = P_GUID

RECEIVINGRESULT = OB.

PERS ?= OB.


CLEAR: P_DEPTNO,

P_DNAME,

P_LOC.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD PERS->GET_DEPTNORECEIVING


71/93


RESULT = P_DEPTNO.CATCH CX_OS_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND .

WRITE :/ 'Exception in getdeptno'.ENDTRY.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD PERS->GET_DNAMERECEIVING

RESULT = P_DNAME.


WRITE :/ 'Exception in getdname'.

ENDTRY.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD PERS->GET_LOC

RECEIVING

RESULT = P_LOC.


WRITE :/ 'Exception in getloc'.ENDTRY.

WRITE :/ 'Department no :',P_DEPTNO,/ 'Department name :',P_DNAME,

/ 'Department loc :',P_LOC.ENDIF.



CATCH CX_OS_CLASS_NOT_FOUND .

WRITE :/ 'class not found'.

ENDTRY.

ENDIF.

OUTPUT:


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Z915_TRANS:

methodM1.

data : trans_mng typereftoif_os_transaction_manager,

trans typereftoif_os_transaction.

CALLMETHOD CL_OS_SYSTEM=>GET_TRANSACTION_MANAGER

RECEIVING

RESULT = trans_mng.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD TRANS_MNG->CREATE_TRANSACTION

RECEIVING

RESULT = trans.ENDTRY.

iftrans isnotinitial.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD TRANS->START.

callmethod m2.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD TRANS->END.

CATCH CX_OS_CHECK_AGENT_FAILED .CATCH CX_OS_TRANSACTION .

write :/ 'Exception in end'.TRY.

CALLMETHOD TRANS->UNDO.ENDTRY.

ENDTRY.

CATCH CX_OS_TRANSACTION .

message'Exception in transaction'type'I'.

ENDTRY.

endif.

endmethod.

method M2.data : actortyperefto zca_915dept,


73/93


pers typerefto zcl_915dept.

actor = zca_915dept=>agent.ifactorisnotinitial.

TRY.

CALLMETHOD ACTOR->CREATE_PERSISTENTEXPORTING

I_DEPTNO = '77'

I_DNAME = 'ABAP'

I_LOC = 'Ameerpet'

RECEIVING

RESULT = pers.

CATCH CX_OS_OBJECT_EXISTING .

write :/ 'Exception in create persistent'.

ENDTRY.

endif.

endmethod.

Transaction service: - It is use for managing the object oriented transaction involving database

operations. As part of this we need to use the following class and interfaces.

1) CL_OS_SYSTEM CLASS2) IF_OS_TRANSCATION_MANGAER INTERFACE3) IT_OS_TRANSACTION INTERFACEProcedure for interacting with transaction service: -

1) Start the object oriented transaction by calling the start method of the interface.IT_OS_TRANSACTION

Start method is an instance method of interface IT_OS_TRANSACTION so we need to instantiate.

The interface IF_OS_TRANSACTION which cannot be done directly. So we need to access theinstance method Create_Transaction of the interface IF_OS_TRANSACTION_MANAGER to

access this method we required the object of transaction manger interface. To get these object of

transaction manger interface. To get this object we need to access the static methodGET_TRANSCATION_MANAGER of the class CL_OS_SYSTEM.

2) Perform the required operation: - End the transaction by calling the end method of the interface IF_OS_TRASACTION. When the transaction is successfully completed SAP issues commit work statement

internally for saving the transaction permanently.

If the transaction fails SAP raise the exception as part of this exception handling we needto cancel the transaction by calling the undo method of the interface

IF_OS_TRANSCATION.


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Z915AM_OOPS50:


data ktyperefto z915_trans.

create object k.

CALLMETHOD K->M1.

OUTPUT:

IT IS CONSIDERING IT AS TWO DIFFERENT PROGRAMS THATS WHY IT IS NOTEXECUTING.

ZTR10:(TRANSACTION CODE)

Implementing persistence service using transaction service: -

Note: -

Transaction service is always implemented globally.

Since transaction service is implemented in global classes we need to attach a T-code for a

transaction class method so that everything will be executed as single process. If we access the

transaction class method form local program it executed the different process which are assuming

as two different translations.


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Casting: - It is the process of converting a variable from one data type to another data types theyare two types.

1) Wide casting2) Narrow castingWide casting: - It is the process of converting an object from a less detailed view to more detailed

view.

Narrow casting: - It is a process of converting an object from a more details view to be less

detailed view.

Procedure for deleting the persistent object using GUID: -

Check the existent persistent object using the method gets persistent OID. If thepersistent object is

available it returns the object of object class which needs to be type casted to the corresponding

persistent class object. Pass the persistent class object as an input to the method.DELETE_PERSISTENT.

Event handling in object oriented: - As part of ABAP objects SAP as provided many events as

part of standard classes. These events are used in ALV reporting work flow customization CRMtechnical DSP and webdynpro programming.

As part of custom classes we can declare user defined events. These event are declared are raised

and handle by the developer itself.

Procedure for interactive with user defined events in local class: -

Declare the event in the definition of the class. Declare the event handler method in the definition of the class. Implemented the event handler method in the class implementation. Raise the event in one of method implementation. Register the handlers.

Step1 Syntax: -

Events/class-events [exporting parameters list].

Step2 Syntax: -

Methods/class-methods for event of [importing

parameter list].

Step3 Syntax: -

Raise event [exporting parameter list].


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Step4 Syntax: -

Set handler [for ].They are two types of events

1) Instant2) Static Instance events are declared by using keyword events. Static events are declared by using keyword class-events. Instance event is specific to an object. They are static event is not specific to an object. For every event there can be one are more event handler methods within the class are

across the classes.

These event handler methods are executed automatically whenever the event is raised aretriggered.

For executing the event handler methods we need to register the handlers. By using thisregister handlers SAP will execute all the event handler methods. One after the other.

Accordingly to sequence of register.

Events can contains only exporting parameters which are imported by event handlermethod these parameters are always passed by values. The parameter name in the eventas well as in event handler method must be same.

Note: - if the handler is not register events can be triggered but no actions can be performed

because the event handler methods will not be executed.

Z915AM_OOPS52:



PUBLICSECTION.EVENTS E1. "instance event

METHODS : M1 FOREVENT E1 OF ABC, "instance event handler methodM2. "instance normal method



METHOD M1.WRITE :/ 'inside event handler method m1'.

ENDMETHOD. "m1METHOD M2.

WRITE :/ 'Inside m2,About to raise event'.RAISEEVENT E1.

ENDMETHOD. "m2


START-OF-SELECTION.DATA OB TYPEREFTO ABC.


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CREATE OBJECT OB.

CALLMETHOD OB->M2.

OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS53:



publicsection.

events e1. "instance event

methods : m1 forevent e1 ofabc, "instance event handler method

m2. "instance normal methodendclass.


write :/ 'inside event handler method m1'.

endmethod.

method m2.

write :/ 'Inside m2,About to raise event'.

raiseevent e1.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.data ob typerefto abc.

create object ob.

callmethod ob->m2.

sethandlerob->m1 forob.


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OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS54:



publicsection.

events e1. "instance eventmethods : m1 forevent e1 ofabc, "instance event handler method

m2. "instance normal method

endclass.


method m1.

write :/ 'inside event handler method m1'.

endmethod.

method m2.write :/ 'Inside m2,About to raise event'.

raiseevent e1.endmethod.

endclass.start-of-selection.



callmethod ob->m2.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_OOPS55:



publicsection.events e1.

methods : m1 forevent e1 ofabc,

m2 forevent e1 ofabc,

m3.

endclass.


method m2.write :/ 'inside second event handler method m2'.

endmethod.

method m1.

write :/ 'inside first event handler method m1'.

endmethod.

method m3.

write :/ 'inside m3,about to raise event'.

raiseevent e1.

endmethod.

endclass.


create object ob.

sethandlerob->m2 forob.sethandlerob->m1 forob.

callmethod ob->m3.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_OOPS56:



publicsection.

events e1.



m3.endclass.


method m1.write :/ 'inside first event handler method m1'.

endmethod.

method m2.

write :/ 'inside second event handler method m2'.

endmethod.

method m3.


raiseevent e1.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.


create object ob.




callmethod ob1->m3.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_OOPS57:






m3.

endclass.


method m1.write :/ 'inside first event handler method m1'.

endmethod.

method m2.

write :/ 'inside second event handler method m2'.

endmethod.

method m3.


raiseevent e1.

endmethod.

endclass.


create object ob.


sethandlerob->m2 forob1.

sethandlerob->m1 forob1.

callmethod ob1->m3.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_OOPS58:





m2.

endclass.


write :/ 'inside m1, first event handler'.endmethod.

method m2.write :/ 'inside m2, about to raise event'.

raiseevent e1.

endmethod.

endclass.

class pqrdefinition.

publicsection.

methods m3 forevent e1 ofabc.

endclass.


method m3.write :/ 'inside m3, second event handler'.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.


data ob2 typerefto pqr.create object ob2.

sethandlerob1->m1 forob1.

sethandlerob2->m3 forob1.

callmethod ob1->m2.


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OUTPUT:

For all instance: - while register the handler for register events as part of set handler statement we

need to specify the object name after for keyword. This is reasonable for raising the event. This as

to be done for every object separately which is raising the event instead of this we can use FORALL INSTANCEkeyword.

As part of handler such that the event handler method will executed irrespective of objectused for raising the event.

Z915AM_OOPS59:



publicsection.

events e1.


m2.

endclass.


method m1.

write :/ 'inside event handler m1'.

endmethod.

method m2.

write :/ 'inside m2, about to raise event'.raiseevent e1.

endmethod.endclass.

start-of-selection.


create object ob1.


create object ob2.*set handler ob1->m1 for ob1.

*set handler ob1->m1 for ob2.


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sethandlerob1->m1 forall instances.

callmethod ob1->m2.callmethod ob2->m2.

OUTPUT:

Static event: - While registering the handlers for static even we should not specify the object which

is reasonable raising the static event. Because static event is not specific to on object i.e. for

keyword is not allowed for the static event part of set handler this similarly for all instances in case

of instance event.

Z915AM_OOPS60:



class-events e1.methods : m1 forevent e1 ofabc,

m2.

endclass.


method m1.

write :/ 'inside m1 event handler'.

endmethod.

method m2.

write :/ 'inside m2 about to raise static event'.

raiseevent e1.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.data ob1 typerefto abc.

create object ob1.



85/93


create object ob2.

sethandlerob1->m1.

callmethod ob1->m2.

callmethod ob2->m2.OUTPUT:

Static event handler method: -

Instance event can be raised only in instance methods. Static event can be raised either in instance are static method.

Z915AM_OOPS61:



class-events e1.

class-methods m1 forevent e1 ofabc.

methods m2.

endclass.


method m1.write :/ 'inside m1, static event handler'.

endmethod.


raiseevent e1.

endmethod.endclass.

start-of-selection.


sethandlerABC=>m1.

CALLMETHOD OB->m2.


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OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS62:



events e1.

class-methods m1 forevent e1 ofabc.

methods m2.

endclass.


method m1.write :/ 'inside m1, static event handler'.

endmethod.


raiseevent e1.

endmethod.

endclass.

start-of-selection.


create object ob.

sethandlerabc=>m1 forob.callmethod ob->m2.


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OUTPUT:

Z915AM_OOPS63:



PUBLICSECTION.

EVENTS E1 EXPORTINGVALUE(X) TYPEIOPTIONAL.

METHODS : M1 FOREVENT E1 OF ABC

IMPORTINGX,

M2 IMPORTING Y TYPEI.


CLASS ABC IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD M1.

WRITE :/ 'inside event handler m1'.WRITE :/ 'parameter received is ',X.

ENDMETHOD. "m1

METHOD M2.WRITE :/ 'inside m2,about to raise event'.

RAISEEVENT E1

EXPORTING

X = Y.

ENDMETHOD. "m2ENDCLASS. "abc IMPLEMENTATION

START-OF-SELECTION.

DATA OB TYPEREFTO ABC.

CREATE OBJECT OB.

PARAMETERS RTYPEI.

SETHANDLEROB->M1 FOROB.CALLMETHOD OB->M2

EXPORTINGY = R.


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OUTPUT:

Z915AM_CLASS11:

methodM1.

WRITE :/ 'INSIDE EVENT HANDLER'.

WRITE :/ 'PARAMETER RECEIVED IS ',P1.

endmethod.

method M2.

WRITE :/ 'INSIDE M2'.

RAISEEVENT E1

EXPORTINGP1 = 10.

endmethod.


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Z915AM_OOPS64:



create object ob.


callmethod ob->m2.

OUTPUT:


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Z915AM_RESTAURANT:

methodSET.

TABLENO = 10.

STEWARD = 'ABC'.endmethod.

method DISPLAY.WRITE :/ TABLENO,STEWARD.

endmethod.

Z915AMCYCLE:


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method SETCYCLE.

wheels = 2.

brakes = 2.

colour = 'blue'.

endmethod.

method DISPLAY.

write :/ wheels,brakes,colour.endmethod.

Z915AMSCOOTER:


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method SETSCOOTER.wheels = 2.

brakes = 4.colour = 'red'.

endmethod.

Z915AMCAR:


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method SETCAR.wheels = 4.

brakes = 5.colour = 'cyan'.

endmethod.

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