Open Access: A Rationale Open Access: A Rationale for Institutional for Institutional

RepositoriesRepositoriesJulia E Rodriguez

Educational Technology LibrarianOakland University

Presented @ eCornucopia 2011: The Open Digital University

At my university the concept of OPEN ACCESS is:

A: Broadly understood & acceptedB: Understood but not widely practiced C: Slowly being discoveredD: A completely unknown conceptE: Other ~ please share

What Open Access means?What Open Access means?

Go Open Access - I. What is OpenAccess? (YouTube video)

““Open-access (OA) literature is digital, Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.” copyright and licensing restrictions.” Peter Suber

What Open Access means?What Open Access means?

Budapest-Bethesda-Berlin definition:

“free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full-texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.”

Peter Suber Open Access Overview

Non-diluted Open AccessNon-diluted Open Access

At my university the individuals promoting OPEN ACCESS are?

A: Research facultyB: LibrariansC: AdministrationD: Some combination of theseE: Other ~ please share

Open Access ~ BenefitsOpen Access ~ Benefits

Researchers/Authors ◦Increased visibility ~means larger potential audience

◦Increased impact ~ more citations (Swam report) ◦Shorter publishing times ~ quicker dissemination of research

Readers/Teachers◦Barrier-free access to important scholarly literature

◦OA literature ~ authors/copyright holders have given permission in advance for classroom/teaching uses

Open Access ~ BenefitsOpen Access ~ Benefits

Institutions ◦Increased exposure for their researchers/scholars means better brand exposure & recognition

◦Free access to the important intellectual and creative works of their own scholars – typically have to buy back at very high prices

Open Access ~ BenefitsOpen Access ~ Benefits

Societyo The transfer of knowledge and sharing

of ideas results in greater collaborations, discoveries and a better-informed populace.

o Lowers the cost of research and quickens the pace of discovery.

Economic o Barrier free access has economic

benefits on national & institutional level and for the research community and wider knowledge economy

My university library makes available OPEN ACCESS journals…?

A: Yes, definitelyB: Yes, but I'm not sure how to find themC: Gosh, I'm not sureD: Nope

Open Access ~ Discovery Open Access ~ Discovery

Google & Google Scholar -index open access journals and crawl open access repositories

Your library (Serial Solutions) link resolver –choose groups of Open Access journals to be discoverable thru your catalog/database list

Open Access Journal indexes – DOAJ, OAIster (via Worldcat), Open J-Gate, PLOS…

Role of IRsRole of IRs

Institutional Repositories are “digital collections capturing and preserving the intellectual output of a single or multi-university community” (SPARC 2002 Position Paper- The Case for Institutional Repositories)

“These repositories collect, preserve, and provide free, unrestricted online access to all types of institutional research outputs — seamlessly linking data, knowledge, and scholars.” – SPARC

My university has an OPEN ACCESS institutional repository…?

A: Yes, and I've used itB: Yes, but I don't know much about it

C: I'm not sureD: Unfortunately, no

Role of IRsRole of IRs

Benefits of IRsBenefits of IRs

More exposure – “growing body of evidence shows that as a result of being openly accessible, publications are cited more frequently.(1)”

Universal access – open to everyone, enhance public value of research

Eliminating discover barriers- Open up to harvesters allows for increased mean of discovery

Persistent access - stable URL that will never change — no more dead links

Long-term preservation – commitment by libraries to ensure ongoing access.

“Digital Repositories Offer Many Practical Benefits”

IRs~ Support & Discovery IRs~ Support & Discovery

SHERPA Services ~ partnership of 32 HE institutions, and the British Library.

RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies

JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines

OpenDOAR worldwide Directory of Open Access Repositories – provides search engine

ROAR – Registry of Open Access Repositories

SHERPA Search - simple full-text search of UK repositories

OA Initiatives & Policies OA Initiatives & Policies

SPARC®, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition

COMPACT - The Compact for Open-Access Publishing Equity

PLoS –Public Library of Science

NIH Public Access Policy - ensures public access to published results of all NIH funded research upon acceptance for publication papers must be accessible in PubMed Central no later than 12 months after publication.

OA Initiatives & Policies OA Initiatives & Policies

Mandatory-vs-voluntary IR deposit policies

ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies

Majority of institutions with university-wide mandates are non-US or very small liberal arts colleges. Wide array of sub-mandates, or thesis mandates.

Self archiving has proven to be a challenge

Show –n- Tell & DiscussionShow –n- Tell & Discussion

Repository66.org Repository Maps

There are 28,624,986 items held in the 1935 repositories on the repository map.

Show –n- Tell & DiscussionShow –n- Tell & Discussion

Extra – Preservation DiscussionExtra – Preservation Discussion

Institutional Repositories:Essential Infrastructure For Scholarship In The Digital Age

Clifford A. LynchIn my view, a university-based institutional repository is a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members. It is most essentially an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution. While operational responsibility for these services may reasonably be situated in different organizational units at different universities, an effective institutional repository of necessity represents a collaboration among librarians, information technologists, archives and records managers, faculty, and university administrators and policymakers. At any given point in time, an institutional repository will be supported by a set of information technologies, but a key part of the services that comprise an institutional repository is the management of technological changes, and the migration of digital content from one set of technologies to the next as part of the organizational commitment to providing repository services. An institutional repository is not simply a fixed set of software and hardware.

BibliographyBibliographyCrow, R, (2002). The Case for Institutional Repositories: A SPARC Position Paper. Retrieved from

http://www.arl.org/sparc/bm~doc/ir_final_release_102.pdf

 EnablingOpenScholarship (n.d.). A Briefing Paper Open Access institutional Repositories. Retrieved from http://www.openscholarship.org/upload/docs/application/pdf/2009-09/open_access_institutional_repositories.pdf

 Hitchcock, S. (2011) The effect of open access and downloads ('hits') on citation impact: a bibliography of studies. The Open Citation Project - Reference Linking and Citation Analysis for Open Archives. retrieved from http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html

Institutional Repository. (2011, April 20). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 16 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_repository

SPARC (2004).Open Access (brochure for Researchers). Retrieved from http://www.arl.org/sparc/bm~doc/openaccess-2.pdf

SPARC (n.d.). Digital Repositories Offer Many Practical Benefits. Retrieved from http://www.arl.org/sparc/greaterreach/practical_benefits/index.shtml

Suber, P. (September 2, 2004). Praising progress, preserving precision. SPARC Open Access Newsletter, Issue 77. Retrieved from http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/09-02-04.htm

Suber, P. (2010). Open Access Overview: Focusing on open access to peer-reviewed research articles and their preprints. Retrieved from http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/4729737/suber_oaoverview.htm

 Swan, A. (n.d.). Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook Open Access: A Briefing Paper. Retrieved from http://www.openoasis.org/images/stories/briefing_papers/Open_Access.pdf

Swan, A. (2010) The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date. Technical Report , School of Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton. Retrieved from http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/2/Citation_advantage_paper.pdf

 Additional links:COMPACT - The Compact for Open-Access Publishing Equity http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/index.htmlNIH Public Access Policy http://publicaccess.nih.gov/policy.htmPLoS –Public Library of Science http://www.plos.org/Repository66.org Repository Maps http://maps.repository66.org/SHERPA - http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/index.htmlSPARC®, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/index.html