Open Access potential and advantages

Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access Program Manager, eIFL.net

Presented at Using Open Access Models for Science Dissemination, the Abdus Salam International Centre

for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, 12 July 2008

The Power of Open Access

• For 75% of papers published in the Astrophysical Journal free versions of the paper are available (mainly through ArXiv)

• These 75% of papers are, on average, cited twice as often as the remaining 28% that do not have free versions.– Figures from Greg Schwarz

• The result is that 75% of the papers are in the arXiv, and they represent 90% of the citations, a 250% OA effect.

The Power of Open Access

• "By replacing ApJ with the mnemonic for any other physics or astronomy journal one can repeat the measurement; for Nuclear Physics A (NuPhA) one gets that 32% of the articles are in the arXiv, and they represent 78% of the citations, a 740% OA effect." – From Michael Kurtz, American Scientist Open

Access Forum, 28 September 2005 http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/4807.html

The Power of Open Access

• Open access PNAS papers have 50% more full-text downloads than non-open access papers– http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/ListArchives

/0505/msg01580.html

• …and are on average twice as likely to be cited – http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request

=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157

The Power of Open Access • “As part of a larger study of the citation advantage of

Open Access (OA) , a study was mounted to see whether a higher proportion of citations to OA articles came from authors based in countries where funds for the purchase of journals were short. Mathematics was chosen as the field to be studied, because no special programme for access in developing countries, such as HINARI, covers it.”– Open Access Citation Rates and Developing Countries– Michael Norris, Charles Oppenheim, Fytton Rowland– http://jps.library.utoronto.ca/ocs-2.0.0-1/index.php/Elpub

/2008/paper/view/643

The Power of Open Access • “The results showed that the majority of

citations were given by US authors to US authors, but the admittedly small number of citations from authors in developing countries do indeed seem to show a higher proportion of citations being given to OA articles than is the case for citations from developed countries.”– http://jps.library.utoronto.ca/ocs-2.0.0-1/index.ph

p/Elpub/2008/paper/view/643

The Power of Open Access • “The USA cites itself more than anyone else, which is not

surprising given its level of authorship. The other developed countries except for Japan are all at about the same level in terms of within-nation citation. While there is modest difference between the citation ratios of OA and TA articles for citations given by authors in the developed world (3.84 versus 2.92), the difference becomes much greater when citations given by authors from the developing world are studied. The sample from the lowest income countries is very small, but the results from the larger sample in the lower middle income group of countries are striking: a citation ratio of 12.85 for OA articles versus 5.05 for TA articles.”– http://jps.library.utoronto.ca/ocs-2.0.0-1/index.php/Elpub

/2008/paper/view/643

The Power of Open Access • Evolution of open access publishing in Chinese

scientific journals, Learned Publishing, Vol. 21, No. 2, April 2008, 140-152

• From the abstract: "Citation indicators of OA journals were found to be higher than those of non-OA journals."

The Power of Open Access • And there is a long list of bibliography The

effect of open access and downloads ('hits') on citation impact: a bibliography of studies: http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html#most-recent

New journal metrics• The SCImago Journal & Country Rank is a portal that

includes the journals and country scientific indicators developed from the information contained in the Scopus® database (Elsevier B.V.).

• This platform takes its name from the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) indicator, developed by SCImago from the widely known algorithm Google PageRank™. This indicator shows the visibility of the journals contained in the Scopus® database from 1996.

New journal metrics• The SJR indicator (based on Scopus data) lists

considerably more journal titles published in a wider variety of countries and languages, than the journal impact factor (IF) (based on Web of Science data) - nearly 14,000 scientific journals

• the SJR indicator attributes different weight to citations depending on the "prestige" of the citing journal without the influence of journal self-citations; prestige is estimated with the application of the PageRank algorithm in the network of journals

New journal metrics

• http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php • Country indicators• Country search• Compare: Central Africa / Latin America /

Middle East / Southern Africa

The Power of Open Access• Open access brings more rapid and more efficient

progress for scholarly research• http://arxiv.org/ • Open access to 486,864 e-prints in Physics, Mathematics, Computer

Science, Quantitative Biology and Statistics • “Brody has looked at the pattern of citations to articles deposited in

arXiv, specifically at the length of the delay between when an article is deposited and when it is cited, and has published the aggregated data for each year from 1991.”

– Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)

– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/

The Power of Open Access• “As more papers are deposited and more scientists use the

repository, the time between an article being deposited and being cited has been shrinking dramatically, year upon year.

• This is important for research uptake and progress, because it means that in this area of research, where articles are made available at – or frequently before – publication, the research cycle is accelerating.

• Put simply, the research cycle in high energy physics is approaching maximum efficiency as a result of the early and free availability of articles that scientists in the field can use and build upon rapidly.”

– Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)

– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/

The Power of Open Access• http://www.sciencecommons.org/• Science Commons designs strategies and tools for

faster, more efficient web-enabled scientific research.

The Power of Open Access• “Information Content in Scientific Text can be Enriched

Through Normalizing BioMedical Objects in Text to Database Entries

• Some BioMedical and Chemical Objects in Text can Directly be Used for IN SILICO EXPERIMENTATION

• SCAI - Technologies for Information Extraction in the Life Sciences: Named Entity Recognition Tool ProMiner / by Machine Learning Approaches / by ChemoCR”

– Martin Hofmann-Apitius: Added Value Services for Digital Document Resources: Information Extraction Technologies for Knowledge Discovery, Presented at the Fourth Nordic Conference on Scholarly Communication NCSC 2008: Openness - trade, tools and transparency, 21-23 April 2008, Scandic Star Hotel, Glimmervägen 5, Lund, Sweden: http://www.lub.lu.se/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/NCSC/ncsc2008_martin_hofmann.pdf

The Power of Open Access• “Potential Knowledge Gain Through chemoCR

Analysis• One of the key questions associated with multi-

modal patent mining is: do we gain from being able to simultaneously analyze text and chemical structure depictions?

• What is the “gain of knowledge” if we combine text analysis and image analysis?”

– Martin Hofmann-Apitius: Added Value Services for Digital Document Resources: Information Extraction Technologies for Knowledge Discovery, Presented at the Fourth Nordic Conference on Scholarly Communication NCSC 2008: Openness - trade, tools and transparency, 21-23 April 2008, Scandic Star Hotel, Glimmervägen 5, Lund, Sweden http://www.lub.lu.se/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/NCSC/ncsc2008_martin_hofmann.pdf

The Power of Open Access• Summary:

• literature mining is good

• data integration is better

• open access – access to full text is needed– Lars Juhl Jensen, Integration of biomedical literature and databases,

Presented at the Fourth Nordic Conference on Scholarly Communication NCSC 2008: Openness - trade, tools and transparency, 21-23 April 2008, Scandic Star Hotel, Glimmervägen 5, Lund, Sweden: http://www.lub.lu.se/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/NCSC/ncsc2008_lars_juhl_jensen.pdf

The Power of Open Access• CrystalEye story so far, want to move on

to the meta-story, which is how CrystalEye is relevant to repositories...

• CrystalEye: http://wwmm.ch.cam.ac.uk/crystaleye/

• petermr’s blog A Scientist and the Web: http://wwmm.ch.cam.ac.uk/blogs/murrayrust/ – Jim Downing, University of Cambridge, Dr. CrystalEye Or: How I Learned

To Stop Worrying And Love The Web: From Desktop to Data Repository: http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/196186/2/CrystalEyePresentation.pdf

Thank you!Questions?

Iryna Kuchmairyna.kuchma [at] eifl.net

www.eifl.net