open data and open code forbig science of science studies

8/14/2019 Open Data and Open Code forBig Science of Science Studies

1/12

CggbptbhimrKWWK6>37

3

Mpbd Hctc cdh Mpbd Gmhb imr Fka Wgkbdgb mi Wgkbdgb Wtuhkbs

Vmfbrt ^. Okajt, Hcvkh B. ^mooby, cdh Ecty Frdbr

okajtrNkdhkcdc.bhu, hcpmoobyNkdhkcdc.bhu, ectyNkdhkcdc.bhu

Gyfbrkdircstrugturb imr Dbtwmre Wgkbdgb Gbdtbr, Wgjmmo mi Okfrcry cdh Kdimrlctkmd Wgkbdgb, Kdhkcdc

Rdkvbrskty, Fommlkdatmd, KD, RWC

Cfstrcgt

Jkstmrkgcooy, sgkbdgb mi sgkbdgb stuhkbs wbrb/crb pbrimrlbh fy skdaob kdvbstkactmrs mr slcoo

tbcls. Cs tjb skzb cdh gmlpobxkty mi hctc sbts cdh cdcoysbs sgcobs up, c Fka Wgkbdgb

cpprmcgj (^rkgb, 3;97) ks rbqukrbh tjct bxpomkts tjb bxpbrtksb cdh rbsmurgbs mi

kdtbrhksgkpokdcry tbcls spcddkda cgchblkg, amvbrdlbdt, cdh kdhustry fmudhcrkbs. Fka sgkbdgb

mi sgkbdgb stuhkbs utkokzb fka hctc, k.b., ocrab, gmlpobx, hkvbrsb, omdaktuhkdco, cdh/mr

hkstrkfutbh hctcsbts tjct lkajt fb mwdbh fy hkiibrbdt stcebjmohbrs. Xjby cppoy c systbls

sgkbdgb cpprmcgj tm udgmvbr jkhhbd pcttbrds, fursts mi cgtkvkty, gmrrboctkmds, cdh ocws. Xjby

lceb cvckocfob mpbd hctc cdh mpbd gmhb kd suppmrt mi rbpokgctkmd mi rbsuots, ktbrctkvb

rbikdblbdt mi cpprmcgjbs cdh tmmos, cdh bhugctkmd. Xjks pcpbr kdtrmhugbs c hctcfcsb-tmmokdircstrugturb tjct wcs hbskadbh tm suppmrt fka sgkbdgb mi sgkbdgb stuhkbs. Xjb mpbd cggbss

Wgjmocroy Hctcfcsb (WHF) (jttp0//shf.gds.ku.bhu) prmvkhbs bcsy cggbss tm 69 lkookmd pcpbr,

pctbdt, arcdt, cdh gokdkgco trkco rbgmrhs. Xjb mpbd smurgb Wgkbdgb mi Wgkbdgb (Wgk6) tmmo

(jttp0//sgk6.gds.ku.bhu) suppmrts tblpmrco, abmspctkco, tmpkgco, cdh dbtwmre stuhkbs. Xjb

sgcocfkokty mi tjb kdircstrugturb ks bxclkdbh. Vbsuots sjmw tjct tblpmrco cdcoysbs sgcob

okdbcroy wktj tjb dulfbr mi rbgmrhs cdh ikob skzb, wjkob tjb abmspctkco coamrktjl sjmwbh

quchrctkg armwtj. Xjb dulfbr mi bhabs rctjbr tjcd dmhbs hbtbrlkdbh pbrimrlcdgb imr

dbtwmre fcsbh coamrktjls.Gmdibrbdgb Xmpkg

Moh cdh Dbw Hctc Wmurgbs imr Wgkbdtmlbtrkg Wtuhkbs0 Gmvbrcab, Cggurcgy cdh Vbokcfkokty

(Xmpkg 6), Yksucoksctkmd cdh Wgkbdgb Lcppkda0 Xmmos, Lbtjmhs cdh Cppokgctkmds (Xmpkg :)cdh Mpbd Cggbss cdh Wgkbdtmlbtrkgs (Xmpkg 3>)

Kdtrmhugtkmd & Vboctbh Qmre

Lcdy sgkbdgb mi sgkbdgb stuhkbs usb jbtbrmabdbmus hctcsbts cdh chvcdgbh hctc lkdkda cdh

vksucokzctkmd coamrktjls chvcdgb mur udhbrstcdhkda mi tjb strugturb cdh hydclkgs mi sgkbdgb.

Xjb qucokty mi rbsuots hbpbdhs md tjb qucokty cdh gmvbrcab mi tjb hctc usbh. Hctc gobcdkda

cdh prbprmgbsskda gcd bcskoy gmdsulb :> pbrgbdt mr lmrb mi tjb mvbrcoo prm`bgt biimrt cdh

fuhabt. Cs tjb dulfbr mi hctc rbgmrhs armws, hkiibrbdt typbs mi tmmos cdh bxpbrtksb crb

rbqukrbh tm jcdhob tjb hctc. LW Bxgbo gcd omch c lcxklul mi 3,>8:,219 rmws mi hctc fy

39,7:8 gmoulds pbr sjbbt. LW Cggbss ikob skzbs gcp ct 6 akacfytbs, kdgouhkda kdhkgbs, imrls,

cdh lcgrms comda wktj tjb hctc. Ocrabr hctcsbts dbbh tm fb stmrbh kd c hctcfcsb hbskadbh wktj

sgcocfkokty kd lkdh. Cs tjb hkvbrskty mi hctcsbts kdgrbcsbs, tjb strugturbs mi hkiibrbdt hctcsbtsdbbh tm fb cokadbh. Cs hctc gmvbrs lmrb cdh lmrb ybcrs, hbcokda wktj imrlct gjcdabs

fbgmlbs dbgbsscry. Lcdy stuhkbs rbqukrb bxtbdskvb prbprmgbsskda cdh cualbdtctkmd mi tjb

hctc, sugj cs khbdtkikgctkmd mi udkqub rbgmrhs mr rbgmrh vcoubs, abmgmhkda mi rbgmrhs kd

prbpcrctkmd imr abmspctkco cdcoysks, mr tjb bxtrcgtkmd mi dbtwmres imr dbtwmre stuhkbs. Imr

lcdy rbsbcrgjbrs, tjb biimrt tm gmlpkob rbchy-tm-cdcoyzb-cdh-vksucokzb hctc ks bxtrblboy tklb

gmdsulkda cdh gjcoobdakda cdh smlbtklbs sklpoy kdsurlmudtcfob.


2/12

CggbptbhimrKWWK6>37

6

Lcdy hctcsbts rbobvcdt imr sgkbdgb mi sgkbdgb stuhkbs, b.a., pcpbrs, pctbdts, arcdts, gokdkgco

trkcos, crb irbboy cvckocfob fy hkiibrbdt prmvkhbrs. Jmwbvbr, tjby crb stmrbh kd sbpcrctb skoms

wktj hkvbrsb kdtbricgbs mi vcrykda uscfkokty tjct hbokvbr hctc kd lcdy hkiibrbdt imrlcts.

Vbsbcrgj prm`bgts sbbekda tm usb mdb mr lcdy mi tjbsb hctc smurgbs icgb lc`mr hctc cggbss,

kdtbarctkmd, cdh udkikgctkmd gjcoobdabs. Kdhkcdc Rdkvbrsktys Wgjmocroy Hctcfcsb (WHF),

mrkakdcooy ocudgjbh kd 6>>2, lcebs mvbr 69 lkookmd sgjmocroy rbgmrhs irbboy cvckocfob vkc c

udkikbh kdtbricgb cdh kd hctc imrlcts tjct crb bcsy tm usb cdh wboo hmgulbdtbh. Kd tjb ocst imurybcrs, WHF jcs cdswbrbh tjmuscdhs mi qubrkbs cdh hbokvbrbh lkookmds mi rbgmrhs tm usbrs

crmudh tjb aomfb. Xjb 6>36 uphctb tm tjb WHF klprmvbs tjb qucokty mi hctc miibrbh cdh

kdtbarctbs dbw julcdktkbs cdh gokdkgco trkco hctcsbts.

Bqukppbh wktj jkaj qucokty, jkaj gmvbrcab hctc kd stcdhcrh hctc imrlcts, tmmos tjct sgcob kd

tbrls mi tjb dulfbr mi rbgmrhs tjct gcd fb rbch cdh prmgbssbh crb dbbhbh tm truoy lceb sbdsb

mi fka hctc (Vmfbrtsmd, Bfbrt, Bkge bt co., 6>>;). Qjkob lmst tmmos wmre wboo imr lkgrm cdh

lbsm obvbo stuhkbs (up tm 3>>,>>> rbgmrhs), ibw sgcob tm lcgrm obvbo fka-hctc stuhkbs wktj

lkookmds mr bvbd fkookmds mi rbgmrhs. Cdmtjbr typb mi sgcocfkokty rboctbs tm tjb bcsb mi uscab

cdh bcsb mi kdtbrprbtctkmd mi fka hctc vksucokzctkmds. Jmw tm fbst gmlludkgctb tblpmrco

trbdhs mr furst mi cgtkvkty mvbr c 3>> ybcr tklb spcd= Jmw tm hbpkgt tjb abmspctkco omgctkmd mi

lkookmds mi rbgmrhs kd c sgcocfob icsjkmd= Gcd tjb tmpkgco bvmoutkmd mi lcsskvb hmgulbdthctcsbts fb gmlludkgctbh tm c abdbrco cuhkbdgb= Lmst vksucokzctkmds mi lkookmd dmhb

dbtwmres rbsblfob koobakfob spcajbttk fcooshm chvcdgbh dbtwmre cdcoysks coamrktjls sgcob

cdh jbop tm hbrkvb kdskajts=

Irbqubdtoy, hkiibrbdt typbs mi cdcoysks jcvb tm fb cppokbh tm truoy udhbrstcdh c dcturco, smgkco,

mr tbgjdmomakgco systbl. Bxclpobs crb tblpmrco stuhkbs tjct cdswbr QJBD qubstkmds,

abmspctkco stuhkbs tjct cdswbr QJBVB qubstkmds cdh hrcw jbcvkoy md rbsbcrgj kd

gcrtmarcpjy, tmpkgco stuhkbs tjct usb okdaukstkg cdcoysks tm cdswbr QJCX qubstkmds, cdh

dbtwmre stuhkbs tjct blpomy coamrktjls cdh tbgjdkqubs hbvbompbh kd smgkco sgkbdgbs, pjyskgs,

kdimrlctkmd sgkbdgb cdh mtjbr hmlckds tm cdswbr QKXJ QJML qubstkmds. Jmwbvbr, lmst

bxkstkda systbls suppmrt mdoy mdb abdbrco typb mi cdcoysks cdh vksucokzctkmd cdh lcdy rbqukrb

prmarcllkda sekoos. Imr bxclpob, imur mi tjb tmp 6> hctc vksucokzctkmd tmmos okstbh fy .dbtkdWbptblfbr mi 6>36 suppmrt gjcrts cdh arcpjs wjkob skx suppmrt abmspctkco lcps bxgouskvboy

(Wuhc, 6>36). Mdoy tjb H7 (Hctc-Hrkvbd Hmgulbdts) cdh Vcpjco @cvcWgrkpt okfrcrkbs, tjb

Ammaob Gjcrt C^K, cdh V suppmrt c ocrabr crrcy mi gjcrts, arcpjs, cdh lcps ybt coo tjrbb

rbqukrb prmarcllkda mr sgrkptkda sekoos tjct lmst usbrs hm dmt pmssbss. Bxgbo lkajt fb tjb

mdoy tmmo md tjb okst tjct gcd fb usbh fy c ocrab dulfbr mi dmd-prmarcllbrs. C okstkda mi

tmmos gmllmdoy usbh kd sgkbdgb mi sgkbdgb stuhkbs gcd fb imudh ct

jttp0//sgk6.wkek.gds.ku.bhu/hkspocy/WGK6XRXMVKCO/:.6+Dbtwmre+Cdcoysks+cdh+Mtjbr+Xmm

os fut lmst suppmrt c vbry oklktbh rcdab mi wmreiomws (Gmfm, Opbz-Jbrrbrc, Jbrrbrc-

Ykbhlc bt co., 6>33).

Xjks pcpbr prbsbdts c hctcfcsb-tmmo kdircstrugturb tjct cppokbs c hkvkhb-cdh-gmdqubr cpprmcgj

tm suppmrt fka sgkbdgb mi sgkbdgb stuhkbs. Kt gmlfkdbs cd mdokdb hctcfcsb suppmrtkda fuoehmwdomch mi hctc kd bcsy tm prmgbss imrlcts wktj c poua-cdh-pocy tmmo tm rbch, gobcd,

kdtbrokde, lkdb, cdh vksucokzb hctc uskda bcsy tm lcdkpuoctb arcpjkgco usbr kdtbricgbs.

Xjb rblckdkda pcpbr ks mracdkzbh cs imoomws0 Xjb dbxt twm sbgtkmds prbsbdt tjb hctcfcsb cdh

tmmo iudgtkmdcoktkbs. Wufsbqubdtoy, wb tbst cdh hksguss tjbkr sgcocfkokty. Qb gmdgouhb tjb

pcpbr wktj c hksgusskmd mi tjb prbsbdtbh wmre cdh cd mutomme tm iuturb wmre.


3/12

CggbptbhimrKWWK6>37

7

Xjb Wgjmocroy Hctcfcsb (WHF)

Xjb Wgjmocroy Hctcfcsb wcs grbctbh kd 6>>2 tm prmvkhb rbsbcrgjbrs cdh prcgtktkmdbrs bcsy

cggbss tm vcrkmus hctcsbts miibrbh fy hkiibrbdt pufoksjbrs cdh cabdgkbs (OcVmwb, Clfrb,

Furammd bt co., 6>>;). Xjb Wgjmocroy Hctcfcsb ks klpoblbdtbh uskda ^mstarbWSO :.8, c irbb

cdh mpbd smurgb rboctkmdco hctcfcsb lcdcablbdt systbl. Wkdgb tjb kdtrmhugtkmd mi vbrskmd

:.3, ^mstarbWSO hbvbompbrs jcvb fbbd imgusbh md klprmvkda tjb sgcocfob pbrimrlcdgb mi tjb

systbl cdh tjks smitwcrb ks dmw blpomybh fy lcdy gmlpcdkbs tm prmvkhb ocrab-sgcob hctcsmoutkmds, kdgouhkda [cjmm!, Wmdy Mdokdb cdh Weypb. Xmhcy, tjb Wgjmocroy Hctcfcsb prmvkhbs

bcsy cggbss tm pcpbr, pctbdt, arcdt, cdh gokdkgco trkcos rbgmrhs cutjmrbh fy 37.: lkookmd pbmpob

kd 6>: gmudtrkbs (smlb, sugj cs [uamsocvkc, dm omdabr kd bxkstbdgb), kdtbrokdebh fy 2: lkookmd

pctbdt gktctkmd okdes, cdh mvbr 6.2 lkookmd okdes gmddbgtkda arcdt cwcrhs tm pufokgctkmds cdh

pctbdts. Cs mi Dmvblfbr 6>36, tjb WHF ibcturbs mvbr 69 lkookmd rbgmrhs irml LBHOKDB

(3;,>7;,:9> rbgmrhs spcddkda irml 3:92-6>3>), RW^XM pctbdts (8,31:,3;9, 3;19-6>3>),

DKJ cwcrhs (6,8;>,:71, 3;16-6>36), DWI cwcrhs (827,9:1, 3;26-6>3>), DBJ cwcrhs

(81,3;1, 3;1>-6>36) Gokdkgco Xrkcos (33;,388, 3;>>-6>36).

Rdkqub ibcturbs mi WHF gmlprksb0

Mpbd Cggbss0Xjb WHF ks gmlpmsbh bdtkrboy mi mpbd hctc sm tjbrb crb dm gmpyrkajt mrprmprkbtcry kssubs imr tjb rbsbcrgjbr tm gmdtbdh wktj kd kts usb. Hctc ks prmvkhbh tm

rbsbcrgjbrs irbb mi gjcrab.

Bcsb mi Rsb0Wklpob usbr kdtbricgbs prmvkhb c mdb-stmp hctc cggbss bxpbrkbdgb lcekdakt pmsskfob imr rbsbcrgjbrs tm imgus md cdswbrkda tjbkr qubstkmds, rctjbr tjcd spbdhkda

lugj tklb md pcrskda, sbcrgjkda, cdh imrlcttkda hctc.

Ibhbrctbh Wbcrgj0Fy caarbactkda tjb hctc kdtm c skdaob bdvkrmdlbdt, WHF miibrs cibhbrctbh sbcrgj bdvkrmdlbdt pmwbrbh fy c Wmor gmrb. Rsbrs gcd sbcrgj mdb, smlb, mr

coo mi tjb cvckocfob hctcsbts mvbr smlb mr coo ybcrs uskda tjb sclb sbt mi tbrls cdh abt

c gmlfkdbh sbt mi rbsuots tjct crb rcdebh fy rbobvcdgb.

Fuoe Hmwdomch0 Lmst hctcfcsbs hm dmt suppmrt hmwdomchs cdh tjmsb tjct hm mdoypbrlkt cggbss tm c oklktbh dulfbr mi rbgmrhs. WHF suppmrts fuoe hmwdomch mi hctc

rbgmrhs5 hctc okdecabsgm-cutjmr, pctbdt gktctkmds, arcdt-pcpbr, arcdt-pctbdt5 furstcdcoysks ikobs. Rsbrs crb arcdtbh c fcsb dulfbr mi hmwdomchs fy hbicuot tm prbvbdt

cfusb mi tjb systbl, fut tjks dulfbr gcd fb bxtbdhbh fy rbqubst wktjmut gjcrab. Rdkikbh Ikob Imrlcts0WHF smurgb hctc gmlbs kd hkiibrbdt ikob imrlcts. DKJ iudhkda

hctc ks stmrbh kd ioct ikobs5 gokdkgco trkcos crb miibrbh kd ZLO, wjkob pctbdts gmlb kd c

vcrkbty mi imrlcts, hbpbdhkda md tjb ybcr. Moh pctbdts gmlb kd c ikxbh wkhtj hctc

imrlct wjkob dbwbr pctbdts crb prmvkhbh kd ZLO. Lugj tklb cdh biimrt wcs spbdt tm

dmrlcokzb tjks hctc kdtm bcsy-tm-usb ikob imrlcts, b.a., gmllc-hboklktbh tcfobs imr usb

kd sprbchsjbbt prmarcls cdh gmllmd arcpj imrlcts imr dbtwmre cdcoysks cdh

vksucokzctkmd. Qboo-Hmgulbdtbh0 WHF pufoksjbs hctc hkgtkmdcrkbs imr bvbry hctcsbt miibrbh.

Kdimrlctkmd md hctc prmvbdcdgb, tcfob strugturb, hctc typbs, cdh kdhkvkhuco ikboh

gmllbdts crb cvckocfob. Kd chhktkmd, tjb WHF miibrs c sbt mi slcoo sclpob ikobs, akvkda

rbsbcrgjbrs cd bcskoy uscfob tbst-fbh imr wmrekda mut tjbkr coamrktjls fbimrb

gmllkttkda tm cdcoysks mi c ocrabr sbt.

Xjb WHF Qkek (jttp0//shf.wkek.gds.ku.bhu) prmvkhbs lmrb kdimrlctkmd kdgouhkda c usbr aukhb,

kdimrlctkmd md bcgj hctcsbt, cdh rbobcsb dmtbs.


4/12

Xjb Wg

Xjb Wg

sgkbdgb

mi sgjm

sgrbbds

sgcocfko

Xjb tm

gmdtrkf

pocy l

Ika

Cs mi(sbb Ik

Aubss,

grbctbh

ks sjmw

bdgb mi Wg

bdgb mi Wg

. Kt suppmrt

ocroy hctcs

jmt kd Ikau

kty tbsts sb

Ikaurb 30

os MWAk/G

tb dbw coa

grmsgmpb c

rb 60 Abdb

mvblfbr 6urb 7) wrkt

cdh Gytmsg

, coomwkda t

d kd Ikaurb

kbdgb (Wgk6

kbdgb (Wgk6

s tjb tblp

ts ct tjb

rb 3, abdbr

tkmd.

Wgk6 tmmo us

KWjboo gmrb

mrktjls wr

pprmcgj (F

co Wgk6-fcs

>36, tjb Wgtbd kd @cvc,

cpb) wbrb k

jb sbclobs

3.

) Xmmo

tmmo ks c

rco, abmsp

kgrm (kdhkv

o wmreiomw

br kdtbricgb

crgjktbgtur

ttbd kd c vc

rdbr, 6>33

h vksucokzc

6 tmmo jcsG, G++, c

poblbdtb

usb mi hki

8

mhuocr tmm

tkco, tmpkgc

khuco), lb

kd Ikaurb

wktj prmpm

b lcebs kt

rkbty mi pr

).

kmd grbctkm

313 coamrkth Imrtrcd.

cs pouakd

brbdt tmmos.

osbt spbgkik

o, cdh dbtw

m (omgco),

6 cdh spbgk

rtkmdco syl

msskfob imr

arcllkda

d wmreiomw

ls, 336 md chhktkmd,

cdh frkha

Xjb Wgk6

C

cooy hbska

mre cdcoys

dh lcgrm

ikg wmreiom

fmo lcp vks

hmlckd sg

ocdaucabs

(tmmo-spbgki

wjkgj crbc dulfbr

s tm V cdh

sbr kdtbric

ggbptbhimr

bh imr tjb

s cdh vksu

(aomfco) ob

ws hksguss

ucokzctkmd.

bdtksts tm

skda c pou

kg tcses kd a

vkskfob tm ti tmmos (A

tm Abpjk w

b cdh scl

KWWK6>37

stuhy mi

okzctkmd

bos, sbb

h kd tjb

-cdh-

rcy).

b usbrupomt,

brb

ob lcp


5/12

Rdkqub

Ikaurb

ob

Gctbam

Cgquksk

Hctc ^

^rbprm

Cdcoysk

Lmhbok

VYksucok

Xmtco

ibcturbs m

Mpbd Wmur

Bxtbdskvb

suppmrt kdt

sbb Ikaurb

vksucokzctk

prm`bgtkmds

Kdtbrcgtkvkt

vksucokzctk

ikobs cdh b

spbgkikg tb

Qmreiomws

cdh bcsy

vksucokzctk

Mdokdb hmg

kd tjb Wgk6

80 Bxblpo

t), Gjmrmpo

jt

y

tkmd

bpcrctkmd

bsskda

s

a

ctkmd

Ika

Wgk6 gmlp

b0 Cdyfmh

usb mi wb

brprbtctkmd

8. Bcgj

d sbgtkm

.

y0 Qjkob

ds mi fka h

xclkdbh u

t kd tjb hks

Coo usbr c

rbpokgcfkokt

d coamrktj

ulbdtctkmd

Qkek (jttp0

ry rbibrbdg

btj lcp (tm

vksucokzc

p0//wkek.gd

Coamrktj

2

37

66

81

8

831

336

urb 70 Wgk6

rksb0

y gcd bxc

o-hbikdbh

Wgk6 usbs

gmlbs wkt

tjct pr

ksucokzctkm

tc crb rbdh

skda pcd c

ocy.

gtkmds crb r

y mi wmr

s wktj c rc

0Coo Wgk6

//sgk6.wkek.

b systbls s

p, rkajt), R

kmd (fmttm

.ku.bhu/hks

2

s Bxclpob

Ammaob

Bxtrcgt G

Wokgb Xcf

E-Dbcrbs

Qctts-Wt

Grbctb cGjmrmpob

oamrktjl s

kdb tjb smu

bibrbdgb s

c dulfbr

c tktob, o

vkhbs iurt

s mi slco

brbh kdtm ^

h zmml c

bgmrhbh kd

iomws tjc

ab mi pcrc

ouakds cs

gds.ku.bhu)

ppmrtbh fy

WH sgkbdg

, rkajt) Iuo

ocy/WGK6X

s

ktctkmd Rsbr K

m-Mggurrbdgb

ob fy Xklb, B

t Dbkajfmr, F

mactz Wlcoo

V Kdstcdgb,tj Lcp, Fkpc

ullcry tc

rgb gmhb cd

ystbls0 X

mi gcrbiuoo

babdh, cd

jbr hbtcko

hctcsbts

mstsgrkpt iko

s wboo cs i

c oma ikob t

t lkajt g

lbtbr sbttk

boo cs lc`

tmabtjbr w

Wgk6 kdgouh

lcp (fmtt

o vbrskmds c

XMVKCO/

C

H Wbcrgj Co

Dbtwmre

xtrcgt PK^ G

urst Hbtbgtkm

mroh, XCVO

bdh c Xcfobtktb Dbtwmre

obs.

h chvcdgb

klprmvb

hbskadbh

c frkbi

, b.a., m

cd fb bxp

bs tjct gcd

kotbrbh, b.a

bdsurb pr

mlprksb 3

as.

mr wmreiom

tj rbobcsb

kda Xblpm

l, obit), fk

ckocfob ct

+Kdtrmhugt

ggbptbhimr

mrktjl

hb

d

m VArcpj

t.

rbchcfkokty

rbibrbdgb

Jmw tm r

usbh a

omrbh kdtbr

fb gmdvbrt

., fy sbcrg

pbr hmgul

-6> cdcoy

s crb hmg

mtbs.

co Fcr Arc

mhco dbtw

kmd

KWWK6>37

cdh tm

ystbls,

ch tjks

mspctkco

gtkvboy,

h tm phi

kda imr

bdtctkmd

sks cdh

lbdtbh

pj (tmp,

re


6/12

Wgcocf

Xm hb

hctcsbt

Wgjmocr

cdcoysk

wmreio

wmreiotjb hct

vksucok

prmgbss

jks mr

coamrkt

wbrb hk

trkcos.

rbskhuc

G^R B

cdh c 7

Ika

Ikob Om

Wydtjbt

cdh obd

twm rm

sjmrt st

akvbd k(-XI*).

tklb (

rbarbss

jcvkda

gmlpob

Dbxt, W

okty Xbsts

mdstrctb tj

wktj prb-

oy Hctcfc

, abmspctk

ws kdhkgct

w kdtm tjbc cdh bd

ctkmd, wb

kda. Qb gm

br pcrclbt

ls tm fb i

spocybh cs

btwbbd tr

lblmry.

8>> 7.>>A

6fkt vbrskm

urb 20 Gml

tcf

hkda

kg hctc wcs

tj mi kdhk

s, c slcoo

kdas, bcgj

Ikaurb 2.Ct ikrst aoc6

< >.;7:

md okdb jc

tm hbvmtb

tkda iudgtk

HF hctc pr

b sgcocfkokt

hbikdbh pr

b. Coo imu

o cdcoysks,

vb mi tjbs

spbgkikg stkda kd vk

bcsurbh (k

dskhbrbh tj

brs (wjbrb

kdksjbh wj

gmlpobtb k

cos, wb go

Xbsts wbrb

Jz prmgbss

mi @cvc 1.

pcrksmd mi o

uoctbh (obit)

usbh tm l

khuco rbgmr

kdtbabr, c

wktj kdgrbc

Xjb tjrbb odgb, tjbrb

), c gomsbr

s c dmtkgbc

rbsmurgbs

ds lmrb bi

bpcrbh imr

mi tjb hct

pbrtkbs ab

typbs mi

tmpkgco cd

imur lckd

ps (coamrktucokzctkmd.

d sbgmdhs)

b stcrt mi t

cppokgcfob)

bd tjb cssm

tjb Wgjbh

sbh hmwd

pbrimrlbh

mr cdh 8.>

Lblmry co

ch tklbs,

cdh pomttb

csurb jmw

h kd fytbs.

h c sjmrt s

skda dulf

rabst hctcbbls tm bx

omme ct tj

foy fbttbr

tm ikob l

kgkbdtoy.

scab kd sgk

9

cfcsb cdh t

dbrctbh kd

cdcoysks s

oysks, cdh

typbs mi c

ls) kdvmoImr bcgj

tjb obdatj

b coamrktj

cdh tjbd b

gkctbh hctc

uobr. Imr b

Wgk6 kd m

md c gml

F mi lbl

omttbh tm Wg

bcsurbh kd

wktj quch

ikob omchkd

wm sbrkbs

trkda cdh

rs mi rmws.

bts hkh dmtkst c hkrbgt

b pomt mi

ikt (V6.;

dcablbdt

bdgb mi sgk

mmo, tbsts

^ytjmd cd

ppmrtbh f

dbtwmre c

coysks. Irm

bh kd tjbcoamrktjl

mi tklb kt t

tm fb tjb

xbgutbs tj

ikobs cppb

gj tbst, w

hbr tm lk

lmd systb

ry ruddkda

k6 wcs bxtb

sbgmdhs, cg

ctkg rbarbs

tklbs vcry

mi hctcsbts

db wktj 62

Cvbrcab o

omch fut rbrboctkmdsjk

kzb vbrsus

::;). Xjks

tjct wmuo

dgb wmreio

C

brb pbrimr

hctcsbts

Wgk6 wb

coysks. Kdkt

l tjbrb, w

mreiomw, st b.a., hct

mme imr cd

pmkdt ct w

coamrktjl.

rbh kd tjb

gcoguoctbh

klkzb cdy

0 cd Kdtbo(

c 98fkt vb

dhbh tm 32

rmss stcdhc

kmd okdb (rk

kd tbrls m

wbrb abdbr

rmws, c s

chkda tklb

turdbh c @cfbtwbbd i

tklb rbvbc

ks okeboy

mtjbrwks

mws wcs rb

ggbptbhimr

bh uskda s

rbtrkbvbh i

b tbstbh0 t

kcooy, wb k

b frmeb hm

crtkda wktjrbchbr,

coamrktjl

kgj tjb us

Qb gmdsk

Hctc Lcd

tjb cvbrca

chvbrsb b

V) Gmrb(X

skmd mi Qk

> LF.

rhkzbh hctc

jt).

dulfbr m

ctbh, mdb

coo kdtbabr

s mvbr tbd t

c jbcp spckob skzb cdh

os tjct c q

rbsuot mi

fb cvcko

ch gmlprks

KWWK6>37

ydtjbtkg

ml tjb

blpmrco

bdtkikbh

d bcgj

omchkdadcoysks,

m ikdksj

r kdputs

brbh coo

abr cdh

b imr 3>

ibgts mi

) Hum

hmws 1

bts,

rbgmrhs

ktj mdoy

cdh 68

rkcos crb

gb brrmromchkda

uchrctkg

tjb tmmo

fob imr

da


7/12

CggbptbhimrKWWK6>37

1

DKJ hctc ct 7.8AF, DWI hctc ct 8:;LF, DKJ hctc ct 37;LF, cdh DBJ hctc ct36.3LF hctc prbpcrbh imr tblpmrco cdcoysks.

Hctc irml DKJ, DWI, LBHOKDB, R^WXM, cdh Gokdkgco Xrkcos ct 33.2 LF cdhLBHOKDB hctc ct 3AF tm fb usbh kd abmspctkco cdcoysks.

LBHOKDB hctc ct 238EF imr tmpkgco cdcoysks. DWI hctc ct 33.;LF cdh R^WXM hctc ct 3.>8AF dbtwmre cdcoysks.

Cvbrcab omch tklbs lbcsurbh cgrmss tbd trkcos crb sjmwd kd Xcfob 3. Xjb tjrbb ocrabst

hctcsbts, wmuoh dmt omch fut rbturdbh c @cvc jbcp spcgb brrmr (-XI*).

Xcfob 30 Gmlpcrksmd mi omch tklbs, lbcsurbh kd sbgmdhs, cgrmss dkdb hkiibrbdt hctcsbts.

Hctcsbt Wkzb Dulfbr mi

Vbgmrhs

Lbcd Wtcdhcrh

Hbvkctkmd

Lkdklul Lcxklul

DKJ (ybcr, tktob,

cfstrcgt)

7.8AF 6,8;>,:71 -XI*

RW^XM (pctbdt,

gktctkmds)

3.>8AF 21,;>6,2>8 -XI*

LBHOKDB

(abmspctkco)

3.>AF ;,989,331 -XI*

DWI (ybcr, tktob,cfstrcgt) 8:;LF 827,18> 98.28 >.;;3 97.6 92.;

DKJ (tktob, ybcr) 37;LF 6,8;>,:71 :7.:9 3.76 :6.7 :2.9

DBJ (ybcr,

tktob, cfstrcgt)

36.3LF 81,3;1 6.>2 >.>1> 3.; 6.3

DWI (gm-cutjmr

dbtwmre)

33.;LF 783,33> 8.26 >.>97 8.8 8.9

Gmlfkdbh abm-

spctkco

33.2LF 33,28; 3.;3 >.>29 3.: 6.>

LBHOKDB

`murdcos

>.2LF 6>,112 >.88 >.>;9 >.7 >.9

Xblpmrco Wtuhkbs (Qjbd)

Xm tbst tjb sgcocfkokty mi tblpmrco cdcoysks wktjkd Wgk6 wb sbobgtbh tjbFurst Hbtbgtkmd

coamrktjl cs hbsgrkfbh fy Eobkdfbra (6>>7). Xm tbst tjks kd c stcdhcrhkzbh icsjkmd, wbabdbrctbh c rcdhmlkzbh sbt mi ybcrs irml 3;:> tm 6>>>, csskadkda bcgj ybcr c hkstrkfutkmd mi

sjmrt strkdas tm tbst tjb cggurcgy mi tjb coamrktjl. Qb tjbd gcoguoctbh tjb cvbrcab tklb,

lkdklul tklb, cdh tjb lcxklul tklb kt tmme tjbFurst Hbtbgtkmdcoamrktjl tm gmlpobtb

cgrmss tbd trkcos. Kd coo gcsbs, tjb coamrktjl wcs cfob tm hbtbgt c prb-prmarcllbh furst mi c

wmrh mvbr c sjmrt tklb irclb.

C omme ct tjb tcfob cdh arcpj kd Ikaurb 9 sjmws okdbcr armwtj wktj dulfbr mi rbgmrhs tjct

jmohs bqucooy trub wktj ikob skzb. Kt ks pmsskfob tjct wktj ocrabr ikobs, tjks lcy fbakd tm sjmw

tjb sclb quchrctkg tbdhbdgy cs tjb ikob omchkda, fut 6.2 lkookmd rbgmrhs wcs tjb ocrabst ikob

omchbh. Xjb hctc hmbs kooustrctb tjct, fcrrkda rbsmurgb bxjcustkmd kssubs, Wgk6 ruds tjks

coamrktjl kd c okdbcr tklbsgcob.


8/12

Ikaurb

Qb tjb

DWI cd

mdoy t

6,8;>,:

ikdcooy

wktj tj

Xmebdk

c stbp

tjb du

coamrkt

tjks hct

Abmspc

Kd mrhb

gktkbs c

(coamrkt

^rmpmr

md c

Cvbrca

Lcp hc

90 Gmlpc

gmdhugtb

h DBJ hct

m gmould

71 rbgmrhs

jb DBJ a

b Furst Hb

b, Wtbl, c

mt dbgbssc

fbr mi rbg

l ickobh tm

sbt (-DX*

Furst

Hctcs

DWIDKJ

DBJ

tkco Wtuhkbs

r tm tbst W

h cssmgkct

jl) kdvmov

tkmdco Wyl

cp mi tjb

b rud tklb

tc ks fbttbr

ksmd mi Fur

hctc

c furst cd

sbts gmdtck

0 tktob cdh

, imoomwbh

cdt hctc ct

tbgtkmd coa

h Wtmpwmr

y wktj tjb

rhs kd tjb

tbrlkdctb

.

cfob 60 Xb

Hbtbgtkmd

t Wkzb

8:;37;

36.3

(Qjbrb

gk6 pbrimr

h omdaktuh

bh kd tjks

mo Lcp (F

Rdktbh Wtc

crb sjmw

ikt fy c quc

t Hbtbgtkmd

sbts, tcfuoc

coysks mi tj

d tjrbb gmo

ybcr. Xjb

fy tjb DW

36.3LF wk

rktjl wb

Xbxtcoamr

sydtjbtkg h

KJ hctcsbt

dh cs c rbs

pmrco Cdco

F 8F 6,8

F

cdgb imr a

b cdh octktu

abmspctkco

fbrstkdb, 6

tbs, cs tjk

kd Ikaurb

hrctkg lmh

:

rud tklbs,

bh (obit) cd

b tktob ikboh

lds0 tktob,

DKJ arcd

I arcdt hc

tj 81,3;1 r

jch tm dmr

ktjl prkmr

ctc skdgb kt

, tjbOmwb

ot tjbFur

sks Coamrkt

Vmws

27,18> 3;>,:71 -

81,3;1

bmlcppkda

b, wbrb a

mreiomw0

36), sbb R

hctc sbt

1. Okeb w

o (V6mi >.

lbcsurbh k

h pomttbh (r

imr DKJ,

cfstrcgt, c

t hctc sbt

tc ct 8:;

bgmrhs. Kd

cokzb tjb

tm ruddkda

wcs mptkl

gcsb, Xmeb

t Hbtbgtkmd

jl Vud Xk

bcd W

7.98 >.98DX

*

3.21 >.>;

, rcdhmlkz

dbrctbh. X

vksucokzkda

.W. abmlcp

mdoy kdgou

tj ikob omc

;1 cs mpp

C

sbgmdhs, c

kajt).

WI, cdh

h ybcr. Xj

ks tjb ocra

F cdh 82

rhbr tm mft

tktob tbxt

jbFurst

kzbh imr fu

dkzb, Wtbl,

coamrktjl

b kd sbgmd

Lkd

36.;

3.8

bh hctcsbts

brb wcs m

tjb abmom

kd Ikaurb

bh omgctkm

kda, tjb ^

sbh tm >.;:

ggbptbhimr

grmss stcdh

BJ arcdt h

DKJ hctc

bst ct 37;

7,18> rbgm

ckd cggurct

ktj tjb Om

btbgtkmdco

st cdcoysks

cdh Wtmpw

wcs dmt tbs

s.

Lcx

38.:

3.1

wktj oksts

oy mdb hkst

ctbh hctc

. Qb prm`b

s wktjkd t

mpmrtkmdco

78 imr c okd

KWWK6>37

rhkzbh

ctc. Xjb

gmdtckds

F cdh

hs, cdh

b rbsuots

brgcsb,

mrktjl,

. Hub tm

rh Xbxt

tbh wktj

mi R.W.

dgt stbp

ktj tjb

tbh tjks

jb R.W.

Wylfmo

bcr ikt).


9/12

Ikau

Dbxt,

(LBH

Lcp w

abmomgc

sbg ks o

dmt pbr

Xmpkgc

Xjb Wgk

lcp m

rbprbsb

tm mdb

mi lcp

(Fkfbrs

mi crtkg

Xm grb

dulfbr

quchrct

lmrb t

tcfobs

Ikaur

b 10 Gmlp

3,:8: WH

KDB), pctb

cs usbh tm

tkmd hctc c

mwbr tjcd

bgtoy hbsgr

X

Coamrk

Hctcs

^rb-om

Wtuhkbs (

6 tmmo sup

sgkbdgb c

tctkmd mi

dmtjbr, sb

pkda c hct

tkdb, 6>33).

obs lctgjk

tb c stcdh

mi rbgmrh

kg lmhbos

cd jcoi mi

ust fb omc

b :0 Gmlpc

rksmd mi ^r

F rbgmrhs

dts (RW^X

hkspocy tj

h wbrb rb

rbhkgtbh f

kfb tjb rud

fob 70 Abm

tjl 30 ^rmp

t Wk

ctbh 33

Qjct)

mrts tjb ab

h gocsskik

28 suf-hks

omwbr obit

sbt's `mur

. Lcppbh s

a `murdcos

rhkzbh hct

s cdh rud

kt cfmut bq

jb rud tkl

bh cdh cgg

rksmd mi RG

pmrtkmdco

stcd

rboctbh tm

), cdh gokd

b abmgmhb

mvbh rbsuo

tjb lmhb

tklb, pcrtkg

pctkco Cdco

rtkmdco Wyl

b

.2 LF

brctkmd mi

ctkmd syst

gkpokdbs wk

lcp kd Ik

cos tm tjb

ufhksgkpokd

cdh gmomr k

sbt, rcdhm

tklb rbsuot

cooy wboo,

imr coo fu

bssbh rbacr

WH Lcp mi

cgrmss st

;

ylfmo Lc

crhkzbh hc

abdb tjbr

kgco trkcos

hctc. Bx

tkda kd 33,2

o (9.33 sbg

uocroy wktj

ysks Coamrkt

fmo Lcp

Vmws

33,28;

sgkbdgb lc

l (Frdbr

jkd 37 hks

urb 6. Xjk

udhbroykda

bs crb sjm

s fcsbh md

oksts mi

s crb tcfuo

ut fmtj sj

tjb ocrabs

hobss mi tjb

Wgkbdgb Ab

cdhcrhkzbh

rud tklbs,

csbts.

cpy iudhk

brb omchbh

gtoy 6;; r

8; rmws ct

, klpoykda

slcoobr sbt

jl Vud Xk

bcd

8.71 >.3

mvbrocys.

, Eocvcds,

kpokdbs mi

fcsblcp k

sufhksgkpok

d wktj dm

tjb hksgkpok

cokh `murd

ctbh kd po

w tjct tjb

sbts. Xjks

skzb mi tjb

brctkmd ru

hctcsbts.

C

lbcsurbh k

a (DKJ,

cdh tjb ^

bgmrhs jch

33.2LF. X

tjct tjb q

s.

b kd sbgmd

H Lkd

62 8.6

Wpbgkikgcoo

^ctbe bt c

sgkbdgb cd

s tjbd usb

db(s) tjms

b skzbs rbo

db cs hbik

o dclbs w

ttbh kd Ik

kdtbrgbpt ks

stcdhs tm r

hctcsbt fbk

tklbs, lb

ggbptbhimr

d sbgmdhs,

WI), puf

mpmrtkmdco

dm mr kdg

jb rud tklb

chrctkg lm

s.

Lcx

8.9

, kt usbs tj

o., 6>36),

tjbkr rboct

tm sjmw t

`murdcos r

tkvb tm tjb

bh kd tjb f

brb abdbrc

urb :. Ok

cfmut 3.2

csmd cs tj

a usbh.

surbh kd sb

KWWK6>37

grmss

kgctkmds

Wylfmo

mlpobtb

, ct 8.71

hbo lcy

RGWH

c vksuco

mdsjkps

b rbsuot

bprbsbdt

dulfbr

csblcp.

bh. Xjb

bcr cdh

bgmdhs,

ommeup

gmdhs,


10/12

Dbxt,

LBHO

vkc @mu

Dbtwmr

Wgk6 s

coamrkt

bdtktkbs

cgrmss t

;. Cs t

rud tkl

Vbgmrhs

2>>

2>>

2>>

2>>

2>>

Ikau

d

Dbxt w

cdh 2;c dbtw

hctcsbt

tmmos s

kdtbrbst

rbdhbrk

6.3 sbg

tbrlkdc

jkajbr

BHOKDB

DB cdh tj

rdcos rud tk

Xc

Coamrk

HctcsLBH

e Wtuhkbs (

ppmrts tj

l (Cobdgc

kd tjb spb

bd trkcos im

fb bxpbgt

b.

%Gmdd

Bh

6

2 3

3> 6

62 9

2> 3

rb ;0 Cvbrc

lfbr mi b

gmddbg

b rbtrkbvbh

kd tjb pctre pmkdtkd

cdh rbsuots

gj cs AR

bh tm udhb

a tjb dbt

mdhs cdh

tkda, fut tj

brimrlcdg

hctc wcs

b dulfbr

bs crb akv

fob 80 Xmpk

tjl 30 Lcp

tKDB murdcos

Qktj Qjm

bxtrcgtkm

r, 6>3>) c

kikbh smurg

r dbtwmres

h, tjbrb ks

abs Wkzb(LF

,>>> >.>3

6,2>> >.>

2,>>> >.>;

6,2>> >.6

2,>>> >.2

b Hkrbgtbh

abs kd tjb h

kvkty (obit)

irml tjb W

dt dulfbrirml tjb

crb akvbd k

WW, Gytmsg

rstcdh tjbk

mre kd c Ir

rbdhbrbh kt

ks wcs tjb

b hub tm kts

ftckdbh ir

i crtkgobs p

bd kd Xcfob

co Yksucokz

mi Wgkbdgb vk

Wkzb238 EF

)

mi hkvbr

ggbpts tcf

b gmould t

wktj hkiibr

hkrbgt okd

)Vud(sbg)

W(

1 3.37

2 3.88

7 3.;6

1 7.89

9 2.:;

Dbtwmre B

ctcsbt, cgrm

dh dulfb

F coo 9,6>

ikboh. Qb rpctbdt du

Xcfob 2.

cpb, cdh A

sgcocfkokt

ugjtbrlcd-

kd cfmut

klb tm c rb

cfkokty tm o

3>

ml WHF k

ufoksjbh kd

8.

tkmd Coamrk

@murdcos

Vmws6>,117

b dbtwmre

ocr hctc c

bdtktkbs k

dt dulfbr

cr rboctkmd

Hbg)

Vbgmr

>.>2 62>

>.>1 2>>

>.>8 3,>>

>.>: 3,2>

>.3 6,>>

trcgtkmd ru

ss stcdhcrh

mi dmhbs (

9 RW^XM

cd tjbBxtfbrs tm tj

jkob tjb s

bpjk hm dm

. Dbktjbr

Vbkdamoh o

8> sbgmdh

csmdcfoy h

vbrcab A^

gouhkda c

tjmsb `mur

tjl Vud Xk

Lbcd1,:8 >

typbs. X

dh gmdstru

tjb spbgk

s mi dmhbs

jkp fbtwbb

s %Gmdd

2>

2>

2>

2>

2>

d tklbs, lb

kzbh hctcsb

kajt) (tmp)

ctbdts tjct

cgt Hkrbgtdulfbrs

gcocfkokty m

pbrtckd tm

Gytmsgcpb

ymut, wjko

s (tjb cgt

bikdbh dbt

s kd gmlp

C

o 6>,117 `

dcos. Cvbrc

lb kd sbgm

WH Lkd.>;9 1.1

b Bxtrcgt

gts c hkrb

kbh tcrabt

dh bhabs c

d tjb dul

habs Wk(

73,62> >

362,>>> >

2>>,>>>

,362,>>>

,>>>,>>>

csurbh kd s

s, tcfuoctb

dh pomttbh

gktb pctbdt

h Dbtwmretjmsb pctb

Wgk6 tjkrh

Wgk6 kd c h

dmr ARBW

Abpjk omc

co prmgbss

mre). Abp

utkda kdtbd

ggbptbhimrmurdcos kdh

ab Lcp mi

hs.

Lcx:.>

Hkrbgtbh

tbh dbtwm

mould. V

rb sjmwd k

br mi bhabs

bF)

Vud(sbg)

.368 3.:9

.289 2.:;

.6: 6>.1

.63 82.6

.77 1;.83

gmdhs vbrs

wktj vcryk

(fbomw).

wktj dul

coamrktjl,ts rbibrbdg

-pcrty vksu

krbgt wcy,

W wbrb gc

hbh tjb db

kd Abpjk

k ks cfob tm

kvb tcses.

KWWK6>37bxbh kd

Wgkbdgb

btwmre

e irml

d tklbs

Ikaurb

cdh tjb

WH(sbg)

>.>2

>.3

>.36

>.88

>.96

s tjb

da

brs 2;3

grbctkdab kd tjb

okzctkmd

b wbrb

cfob mi

wmre kd

ks dmd-

cgjkbvb


11/12

CggbptbhimrKWWK6>37

33

Xcfob 20 Dbtwmre Cdcoysks Coamrktjl Vud Xklb kd sbgmdhs.

Coamrktjl 30 Bxtrcgt Gm-Mggurrbdgb Dbtwmre

Hctcsbt Wkzb kd LF Dmhbs Bhabs Lbcd WH Lkd Lcx

R.W. ^ctbdt Vbibrbdgbs >.381 36,916 1,;8> 1.:: >.3>7 1.1 :.3

Hksgusskmd cdh Iuturb Qmre

Xjks pcpbr kdtrmhugbh cdh bxclkdbh tjb sgcocfkokty mi c hctcfcsb-tmmo kdircstrugturb imr fka

sgkbdgb mi sgkbdgb stuhkbs. WHF rboctkmdco hctcfcsb iudgtkmdcokty wcs bxpomktbh tm stmrb,

rbtrkbvb, cdh prbprmgbss hctcsbts. Wufsbqubdtoy, tjb hctc wbrb prmgbssbh uskda tjb Wgk6 Xmmo.

Xjb sgcocfkokty mi tjks cpprmcgj wcs tbstbh imr bxblpocry cdcoysks wmreiomws uskda sydtjbtkg

cdh WHF hctc. Xbgjdkqubs usbh wbrb sklkocr tm tjmsb blpomybh kd tbstkda tjb pbrimrlcdgb mi

wbf-dctkvb kdimrlctkmd vksucokzctkmds (@mjdsmd & @cdeud-Ebooy, 6>>:). Lmst rud-tklbs sgcob

okdbcroy mr bxpmdbdtkcooy wktj ikob skzb. Xjb dulfbr mi rbgmrhs klpcgts rud-tklb lmrb tjcd

ikob skzb. Ikobs ocrabr tjcd 3.2 lkookmd rbgmrhs (sydtjbtkg hctc) cdh 2>>LF (WHF) gcddmt fb

omchbh cdh jbdgb dmt fb cdcoyzbh. Vud tklbs imr rctjbr ocrab hctcsbts crb gmllmdoy obss tjcd

3> sbgmdhs. Mdoy ocrab hctcsbts gmlfkdbh wktj gmlpobx cdcoysks rbqukrb lmrb tjcd mdb

lkdutb tm bxbgutb.

C imrtjgmlkda pcpbr wkoo gmlpcrb tjb rudtklb mi Wgk6 wktj mtjbr tmmos tjct jcvb sklkocr

iudgtkmdcokty, b.a., XBZXrbdh mr YMWYkbwbr imr tmpkgco cdcoysks cdh vksucokzctkmd5

GktbWpcgb, Obyhbshmriis Wmitwcrb, HydcDbts, WKWMF, Gytmsgcpb, cdh Abpjk imr dbtwmre

cdcoysks cdh vksucokzctkmd, sbb fbomw cdh (Gmfm, Opbz-Jbrrbrc, Jbrrbrc-Ykbhlc bt co.,

6>33) imr okdes cdh rbibrbdgbs.

Vbgbdt wmre jcs chhbh wbf sbrvkgbs tm tjb Wgk6 Xmmo cdh sbobgtbh wmreiomws gcd dmw fb rud

mdokdb. Mtjbr biimrts ckl tm bxpcdh tjb chmptkmd mi MWAk/GKWjboo kd suppmrt mi coamrktjl cdh

tmmo pouakd klpoblbdtctkmd cdh sjcrkda cgrmss sgkbdtkikg fmudhcrkbs. Xmmos tjct crb

MWAk/GKWjboo gmlpctkfob gmlprksb XBZXrbdh (jttp0//tbxtrbdh.mra) obh fy Abmrab Eclpks ct

Btvs Omrdh Rdkvbrskty, Fuhcpbst, Judacry suppmrts dcturco ocdaucab prmgbsskda (DO^),

gocsskikgctkmd/lkdkda, cdh arcpj coamrktjls imr tjb cdcoysks mi fuskdbss cdh amvbrdlbdtco

tbxt gmrpusbs wktj cd kdjbrbdtoy tblpmrco gmlpmdbdt cdh HydcDbts

(jttp0//www.hydcdbts.mra) gmmrhkdctbh fy ^btbr Wommt ct tjb Rdkvbrskty mi Clstbrhcl imr tjb

stuhy mi bvmovkda dbtwmres, mr WKWMF (jttp0//sksmf.ogg.ulc.bs) cd mfsbrvctmry imr sgkbdgb kd

smgkbty fcsbh kd smgkco lmhbos.

Lugj mi tjb hbvbomplbdt tklb imr tjb WHF imr tjb ocst ybcr jcs fbbd imgusbh md chhkda hctc

tm tjb systbl cdh rbicgtmrkda gmhb tm lceb kt bcskbr tm lcdcab cdh uphctb. Amkda imrwcrh,

wb pocd tm klpoblbdt cd C^K tm iurtjbr bcsb cggbss cdh uscab mi tjb WHF cdh wb crb

bxpomrkda cd VHI gmdvbrskmd tm chh WHF tm tjb Qbf mi Okdebh Mpbd Hctc (Jbctj & Fkzbr,

6>33). Kd chhktkmd, wb crb gmdskhbrkda c vksuco kdtbricgb tm WHF tjct usbs Wgk6 Qbf sbrvkgbs

tm blpmwbr usbrs tm kdtbrcgtkvboy bxpomrb, cdcoyzb, cdh vksucokzb sbcrgj rbsuots.

Hmgulbdtctkmd cdh tbcgjkda mi tmmo iudgtkmdcokty cdh wmreiomws crb klpmrtcdt imr rbsbcrgjcdh prcgtkgb. WHF cdh Wgk6 crb usbh kd tjb Kdimrlctkmd Yksucokzctkmd LMMG

(jttp0//kvlmmg.gds.ku.bhu) wjkgj hbfutbh kd Wprkda 6>37 tm mvbr 3,1>> usbrs, lcekda bxkstkda

cdh dbw wmreiomws cvckocfob vkc vkhbm tutmrkcos tm c lugj frmchbr cuhkbdgb.

Cgedmwobhablbdts

Xjb Wgjmocroy Hctcfcsb ks iudhbh fy tjb Dctkmdco Wgkbdgb Imudhctkmd udhbr Arcdt Dm. KKW-

>67:693. WHF cdh Wgk6 crb suppmrtbh fy tjb Dctkmdco Wgkbdgb Imudhctkmd udhbr Arcdts Dm.

KKW->23792>, WFB->17:333, c @clbs W. LgHmddboo Imudhctkmd arcdt, cdh tjb


12/12

CggbptbhimrKWWK6>37

36

Gyfbrkdircstrugturb imr Dbtwmre Wgkbdgb gbdtbr ct tjb Wgjmmo mi Okfrcry cdh Kdimrlctkmd

Wgkbdgb ct Kdhkcdc Rdkvbrskty. Cdy mpkdkmds, ikdhkdas, cdh gmdgouskmds mr rbgmllbdhctkmds

bxprbssbh kd tjks lctbrkco crb tjmsb mi tjb cutjmr(s) cdh hm dmt dbgbsscrkoy rbiobgt tjb vkbws mi

tjb Dctkmdco Wgkbdgb Imudhctkmd.

Vbibrbdgbs

Cobdgcr, C. (6>3>). GKWjboo0 Bxtrcgt Hkrbgtbh Dbtwmre Vbtrkbvbh @cducry 68, 6>37, irmljttp0//wkek.gds.ku.bhu/hkspocy/GKWJBOO/Bxtrcgt+Hkrbgtbh+Dbtwmre

Fbotbr, G. (6>36). Yksucokzkda Dbtwmres mi Wgkbdtkikg Vbsbcrgj.Kdimrlctkmd Xmhcy, Kdg.,

79(7). Vbtrkbvbh irml jttp0//www.kdimtmhcy.gml/mdokdb/lcy36/Fbotbr-Yksucokzkda-

Dbtwmres-mi-Wgkbdtkikg-Vbsbcrgj.sjtlo

Fkfbrstkdb, @. V. (6>33). GKWjboo0 ^rmpmrtkmdco Wylfmo Lcp Vbtrkbvbh @cducry 68, 6>37,

irml jttp0//wkek.gds.ku.bhu/hkspocy/GKWJBOO/Lcp+mi+Wgkbdgb+vkc+@murdcos

Fkfbrstkdb, @. V. (6>36). GKWjboo0 ^rmpmrtkmdco Wylfmo Lcp Vbtrkbvbh @cducry 68, 6>37,

irml jttp0//wkek.gds.ku.bhu/hkspocy/GKWJBOO/^rmpmrtkmdco+Wylfmo+Lcp

Frdbr, E. (6>33). ôua-cdh-ôcy Lcgrmsgmpbs. Gmlludkgctkmds mi tjb CGL 28(7), 9>-9;.

Frdbr, E., Eocvcds, V., ^ctbe, L., Pmss, C., Fkfbrstkdb, @. V., Okajt, V., Fmycge, E. Q.

(6>36). Hbskad cdh Rphctb mi c Gocsskikgctkmd Wystbl0 Xjb RGWH Lcp mi Wgkbdgb.

ÔmW MDB, 1(1), b7;898. hmk0 hmk03>.3713/`murdco.pmdb.>>7;898Gmfm, L. @., Opbz-Jbrrbrc, C. A., Jbrrbrc-Ykbhlc, B., & Jbrrbrc, I. (6>33). Wgkbdgb

lcppkda smitwcrb tmmos0 Vbvkbw, cdcoysks, cdh gmmpbrctkvb stuhy clmda tmmos.

@murdco mi tjb Clbrkgcd Wmgkbty imr Kdimrlctkmd Wgkbdgb cdh Xbgjdmomay, 96(1),

37:6-38>6.

Jbctj, X., & Fkzbr, G. (6>33).Okdebh Hctc0 Bvmovkda tjb Qbf Kdtm c Aomfco Hctc Wpcgb. Wcd

Vcicbo, GC0 Lmracd & Gocypmmo ûfoksjbrs.

@mjdsmd, H. Q., & @cdeud-Ebooy, X. @. (6>>:).C sgcocfkokty stuhy mi wbf-dctkvb kdimrlctkmd

vksucokzctkmd. ^cpbr prbsbdtbh ct tjb Arcpjkgs Kdtbricgb Gmdibrbdgb 6>>:, Qkdhsmr,

Mdtcrkm, Gcdchc.

Eobkdfbra, @. (6>>7). Fursty cdh jkbrcrgjkgco strugturb kd strbcls.Hctc Lkdkda cdh

Edmwobhab Hksgmvbry, 1(8), 717-7;1.

Emsbgek, W., Wjmblcebr, V., & Fcbr, G. E. (6>>3). Wgmpb, gjcrcgtbrkstkgs, cdh usb mi tjb R.W.Hbpcrtlbdt mi Carkguoturb kdtrclurco rbsbcrgj. Wgkbdtmlbtrkgs, ::(7), 1>1-16:.

OcVmwb, A., Clfrb, W., Furammd, @., Eb, Q., & Frdbr, E. (6>>;). Xjb sgjmocroy hctcfcsb

cdh kts utkokty imr Wgkbdtmlbtrkgs rbsbcrgj. Wgkbdtmlbtrkgs, 1;(6), 63;-678.

^rkgb, H. @. h. W. (3;97).Okttob Wgkbdgb, Fka Wgkbdgb. Dbw [mre0 Gmoulfkc Rdkvbrskty ^rbss.

Vmfbrtsmd, A., Bfbrt, H., Bkge, W., Ebkl, H., & @my, E. (6>>;). Wgcob cdh gmlpobxkty kd

vksuco cdcoytkgs.Kdimrlctkmd Yksucokzctkmd, :(8), 681-627. hmk0 3>.3>21/kvs.6>>;.67

Wuhc, F. (6>36). Xjb tmp 6> hctc vksucokzctkmd tmmos. .dbt. Vbtrkbvbh irml

jttp0//www.dbtlcaczkdb.gml/ibcturbs/tmp-6>-hctc-vksucoksctkmd-tmmos

open data and open code forbig science of science studies

Documents