OPENING:Describe the abolitionist movement. Why was it

important during Antebellum America?

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*Use cornell notes today!*CLOSING:

•QUIZ

STANDARD: USHC 3.1 Evaluate the relative importance of political events and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the

compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states’

rights and federal authority, the emergence of the republican party, and the formation of the confederate states of America.

WORK PERIOD:•Sectionalism

Lecture and Notes•Compromises

Graphic Organizer•Timeline

•Double-Flow Map

Objectives

• Explain how sectionalism impacted slavery in the new territories

• Discuss causes of the Civil War including abolition, Kansas-Nebraska Act and “Bleeding Kansas”

SECTIONALISM• Struggled to maintain the

balance of power between slave and free states in the federal government due to the Great Compromise

• The growth in population in the northern and western states made it more difficult for the southern states to protect their interests in the House of Representatives

MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)

Why would a Balance between free and slave states be so important?

1. Missouri enters union as a slave state

2. Maine enters union as a free state

3. Slavery is banned over the 36’30’ line

4. Slavery is allowed under the 36’30’ line

MEXICAN WAR

1846- As a result of the Mexican War, the U.S. gains more land in the West known as the Mexican Cession. Congress now has to decide whether to allow slavery in these territories.

A NATION DIVIDEDThe Wilmot Proviso• Any territories won during the Mexican War be “free soil”

and not open to the competition of slave labor with free white labor

• Passes House, but stops in Senate

SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES• The issue of whether slavery

in California and the West would be legal led to heated debates in Congress

• Gold rush led to application for statehood for California as a free state.

COMPROMISE OF 1850• Clay’s Compromise

• Some Southerners threaten secession, withdrawal of state from Union

• Henry Clay offers Compromise of 1850 to settle disputes over slavery

COMPROMISE OF 1850• Terms of the Compromise

• Compromise has provisions to appease North and South:- California to be a free state- More effective fugitive slave law- Popular sovereignty—residents of territory vote to decide slavery - Government to pay Texas $10 million for its claim to eastern NM- Slave trade banned in D.C. but slavery

permitted• Clay gives speech begging North and South to compromise,

save Union

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACTFugitive Slave Act—part of

Compromise of 1850, has very harsh terms•Alleged fugitives denied jury trial, right to testify on own behalf•Federal commissioners paid more for returning than freeing accused•People convicted of helping a fugitive fined, imprisoned, or both

• North responded with the personal liberty laws.

ACTIVITY ONECompromises/ Acts/ Provisos

Parties/People

Involved

Year Sectional/Regional Issues

Conflict Compromise So what?

ABOLITIONISM• Abolitionists did not significantly impact actions of the government.

• Petitions they sent to Congress fell victim to the ‘gag rule’.

• They did impact public opinion: Garrison’s The Liberator was banned in the South

•Underground Railroad—secret network of people who help slaves escape•Harriet Tubman (Moses) escapes from slavery, becomes conductor on 19 trips•Fugitives go on foot at night, often no food, avoiding armed patrols•Some fugitives stayed in North; others go on to Canada

Watch Video (Tubman and FSA.)

ABOLITIONISM

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN•Abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin stirs protest•Uncle Tom’s Cabin shows slavery as moral problem, not just political

Popular sympathy for slaves from northern leaders and anger over the Fugitive Slave Laws

HARPERS FERRYOct. 16, 1859• John Brown and 20 men (black and white) raided a federal arsenal

• Slaves didn’t join raid• Consequences were too

dangerous for families• John Brown was captured

• Hanged• Martyr (sacrificial victim)

• 10 killed

THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT• Douglas’s bill repeals Missouri Compromise; bitter debate

ensues • Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery

Race for Majority• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)• Split Nebraska Territory• Repealed Missouri

Comp. 36˚30˚• Nebraska = Free• Kansas = ????

• Northern, Southern settlers pour into Kansas Territory

• Most settlers sent by antislavery emigrant aid societies

• In 1855, Kansas holds election for territorial legislature

• Proslavery “border ruffians” vote illegally, win fraudulent majority

• Proslavery government in Lecompton; antislavery rival in Topeka

• Both apply for statehood, anti-slavery Congress granted it as free.

RACE FOR KANSAS

“BLEEDING KANSAS”• “The Pottawatomie Massacre”

• Abolitionist John Brown believes God wants him to fight slavery• Brown, followers violently kill 5 men in “Pottawatomie Massacre”• Territory called Bleeding Kansas for incidents that kill some 200

ACTIVITY TWO

Cause

Cause

Cause

Effect

Effect

Effect

Kansas-Nebraska

Act

CLOSING• QUIZ TIME!