Operate a bar and clean and tidy bar

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HISTORY OF BEER

Beer is a general term for fermented liquors brewed from malted and unmalted cereals ( barley, wheat, rice, corn etc).

It includes ales, lagers, pilsners, porters, bocks and stouts.

History dates back 5,000 years to the Egyptians. The Germans and British tribes drank ale in the time of the Romans. In the 15th century hops were introduced from Germany to help stop the ale going sour.

BEER PRODUCTION

1. Barley2. Steeped in water3. Germinated4. Dried by air5. Ground in brew house6. Mixed with water

BEER PRODUCTION

7. Wort boiled with hops and sugar8. Wort cooled and fermented 9. Yeast added10. Clarified11. Stored and matured12. Filtered13. packaged

Important points about beer

Yeast used is either top fermenting or bottom fermenting.

Top fermenting yeast, gives you wheat beers, stouts, porter, and ales.

Bottom fermenting yeast gives you the lagers, pilsners and bock beers.

Beer facts and other important info

Alcohol of beer can range from a low alcohol beer at about 2.5%A.C.V. to a high of 12%A.C.V. for a Stout.

Boutique breweries such as Redoak, Paddy’s brewery and others produce the best beers.

Ice filtered relates to beer subjected to below freezing temperatures to remove unwanted protein. Beer is light in colour.

Jacksons on George street has over 100 beers to taste.

Beer pouring problems

Now days with the use of new beer taps and latest refrigeration systems problems are rare.

Beer can either be over heady or flat.

Most likely cause of heady beer is refrigeration system not on or faulty

Most likely cause of flat beer is dirty glasses or beer too cold.

Biggest imported beer brands

1. Corona2. Heineken3. Miller4. Steinlager5. Becks6. Grolsch7. Stella Artois8. Budweiser9. Carlsberg10. Peroni

ALCOHOLIC STRENGTHS

1. The Guy-Lussac scale originated in France measures alcohol from 0- 100%A.C.V.

2. The American scale used in the U.S.

Measures alcohol from 0- 200% Proof

SCOTCH WHISKY PRODUCTION

1. Malting -Barley selected -Steeped in water -Spread out on concrete floor to germinate -Process allows starch in barley kernels to

convert to sugar Germination is stoped by drying the green

malt by either peat or gas/electricity. Dried malt is then ground.

SCOTCH WHISKY PRODUCTION cont.

2. Mashing

Ground dried malt is crushed with boiling water and vigorously churned.

This completes the conversion of the soluble starch into maltose by extracting the sugar.

The liquid produced is called the wort.

SCOTCH WHISKY PRODUCTION cont.

3. FermentationThe wort is cooled and passed into vessels called washbacks. Yeast is added. Yeast attacks the sugar and converts it into a crude, weak alcoholic wash.

4. Distillation Malt whisky is distilled in a pot still. Grain whisky is distilled in a continuous

still.

SCOTCH WHISKY PRODUCTION cont.

5. Maturation Minimum of three years in either old

Sherry cask, Bourbon casks or trials have been used where they use old wine casks such as Shiraz, Sauternes etc.

6. Blending The master blender can blend up to 50

different whiskies together to form one whisky.

Scotch

Blended: malt whisky and grainwhisky

De luxe blend: higher percentage of malt whisky and grainwhisky

Malt whisky: 100% barley malt used

For each of the above find three brand names.

Irish Whiskey

Irish whiskey has been produced for a few hundred years.

They use barley as their main grain. They also use other grains and blend their

whiskey. The Irish triple distil their whiskey. Irish whiskey has less peat aroma thus

tends to be smoother Jameson, Bushmills, Kilbeggan, Tullamore

Dew are a few brands

Japanese Whisky

The Japanese love a good drink. In their economic hay day they bought up Scottish distilleries and hired the best distillers.

They make their whisky similar to Scotch.

Japanese whiskey is usually a blend Suntory, Muromachi, Miyazaki

Honten are a few brands

Other whisky producers

Australia New Zealand India

All produce a whisky using the barley and other grains. These are small producers. Sullivans cove distillery in Tasmania produces some good Australian whisky.

Bourbon and other American whisky

The USA got all is distilling expertise from Scottish and Irish immigrants.

The only difference between the two is that in the USA the main grain used is corn. Normally 51% corn and the rest other grains.

This is because corn is native to the Americas.

Bourbon and other American whisky

Bourbon can be produced anywhere in the USA but mostly in Bourbon County, Kentucky.

Tennessee whiskey can only be produced in the state of Tennessee.

They use similar techniques to produce their product.

Terms for USA whisky

Small batch; means aging in selected small barrels.

Single barrel; comes from one selected barrel.

Sour mash; using some previously used yeast to start the new batch

Rye whisky; must contain 51% rye grain

Brands of USA whiskey

Stanahans Colorado whisky Kentucky blended bourbon Wild Turkey Jim Beam, white, black, green,

yellow, small batch Cougar

Canadian Whisky

Mainly corn and wheat is used , but supplemented by rye and barley

Aged minimum 3 years The use of both types of stills is

permitted Canadian Club and Seagrams are

two brands

O.P AND U.P RUM

O.P = Overproof is usually over 57% A.C.V.U.P = Underproof is around 40% A.C.V.

Rum is a spirit made from sugar cane and molasses. The product goes through fermentation and is then distilled. Both Pot and Continues stills are used to produce Rum.

Rum is either aged or it can be un aged or clear.

O.P AND U.P RUM continued

Rum was first distilled in 1664, in America. It soon became popular and distilleries were set up all over the South American island countries.

Rum was used in the slave trade, as a currency. Slave traders used to sell slaves for molasses and make rum. In 1807 a law was brought in to stop the slave trade. Soon after the American Public turned to American Whisky as their staple drink.

O.P AND U.P RUM continued

Light rums: The molasses is diluted with water and then fermented. A column still is used to produce rum.

Full bodied rums:Very similar to above but a pot still is used. This is then redistilled and matured in wood.

Note: In Australia a minimum of two years wood age in needed for a dark rum.

O.P AND U.P RUM continued

Rum has a range of uses from the famous rum and cola, created in Cuba over 100 years ago. To the Daiquiri, again from a Tin mining town in Cuba. It can be sipped straight, over ice, with milk or a variety of other mixes. Today you can get it pre mixed.

GIN

Gin is a shortened version of the name Geneva which is the original name for this drink. Geneva is the Dutch word for Juniper, the main flavouring of the drink.

Gin was first created to help people suffering from kidney and stomach complaints.

In the 18th Century English soldiers returning from Holland created a lighter style of gin known as London Dry.

What is Gin?

Gin is a neutral spirit similar to Vodka. The only difference is that Gin is flavoured with;

Juniper berries, liquorice, angelica, ginger, cassis, lemon and orange peels. The actual recipe is secret for each gin.

Dutch Geneva: A heavy bodied, aromatic gin. Triple distilled spirit.

London Dry: Colourless, slightly sweeter gin, mainly drunk with tonic. Continuous still used.

The Perfect MartiniThe martini first saw light in the Knickerbocker Hotel, New York, circa 1910. The barman was actually called Mr. Martini.

The purist Martini.60ml Gordons Gin3ml Dry Vermouth1 Large green olive.

Standard Martini.4 parts Gin1 part Dry vermouth1 green olive

Vodka

Vodka takes its name from the Russian name for water (voda). But the Poles claim they invented it in the 11th century. It wasn’t until the 16th century where it became a popular spirit.

Vodka is the product of double distillation, with some Vodkas being triple distilled.Vodka is made from grain (wheat, rye, etc)

Vodka continued

Vodka is not flavoured, it is clear and some say it is flavourless. Making it a great mixer and for cocktails. Some of the European Vodkas are flavoured with peppercorns, buffalo grass, cherries, citrus.

Check out Van Gogh Vodkas, on www.vangoghvodka.com and see how many different Vodkas they have.

Vodka continued

Today Vodka has become a very popular spirit. It can be cheap (Cossack, Karloff, Tsarevitch) or very expensive,(Van Goth, Level 42, Grey Goose, Belvedere. Iceberg)

Some bars in the city dedicate a large section to Vodka.

Drink Vodka neat straight from the fridge.

Tequila

Tequila is a spirit that originated from the province of Tequila in Mexico. It is made from the mescal plant which grows in naturally in the semi arid region of Mexico.

In other parts of Mexico they produce Mescal, which is the same as Tequila but cannot be called this due to Mexican law.

Tequila continued

The mescal plant is grown to a mature age of 10 years then it is picked, cooked, sugar is then added with yeast and it ferments. Once it ferments it is double distilled.

Some tequila can be aged where it gains a golden colour, but most is not aged.

Service can be on the rocks, LICK, SIP, SUCK. Or in cocktails (Margarita, Tequila Sunrise etc.)

BRANDY

Brandy is the distilled product of a base wine, this can be red or white.

Brandy has been produced in Australia since the mid 1880’s.

In 1900 , 100,000 litres were sold In 1970, 4 million litres were sold Brandy can vary, depending on the

types of grapes used, area where the grapes come from etc.

Brandy continued

Australian brandy needs two years in oak before bottling.

Most popular grape varieties used are Sultana, Doradillo, Grenache.

Copper pot stills and Continuous stills are used to produce brandy.

South Australia produces most of the brandy.

COGNAC

Cognac is a spirit distilled from grapes, made only in the Cognac region of France. In 1909 a decree was issued to define the Cognac region.

Wine had been produced in the Cognac region since the 3rd century.

Around the 16th century with the increase of worldwide trade, the wines of Cognac could not stand the long journeys. As a result they started distilling their wine.

COGNAC continued

Cognac is made from wine. The wine is double distilled and then it is aged. Approximately 3.5 litres of wine is needed to produce 750ml of Cognac.

The age of the Cognac varies, 3 years is the minimum and up to 50 years Cognacs can be found.

Cognac is blended to create the best available product.

COGNAC continued

The Cognac region is divided into 6 growing regions from top quality to lesser quality.

1. Grand Champagne2. Petite Champagne3. Borderies4. Fins Bois5. Bons Bois6. Bois Ordinaires

COGNAC continued

The appellations of aging Three star Cognac - min 2 years V.S.O.P - min 4 years Napoleon - min 6 years X.O. - min 10 years

Cognac producersDelamain pale and dry XOHennessey VSOPMartell Cordon BleuRemy Martin Extra

ARMAGNAC

Armagnac is another kind of brandy. It comes from the Armagnac region of France, close to the Spanish Border.

Armagnac is a full bodied and drier brandy. Good Armagnac is fruity and nutty.

The oak used to age Armagnac comes from the local forests. When an Armagnac is five years old it can be labelled as XO.

ARMAGNAC continued

Armagnac comes from the following three districts.

1. Bas Armagnac2. Tenareze3. Haut – Armagnac

Vintage Armagnac bearing the date of a particular year are available.

LIQUEURS

1. Highly refined spirits with flavour and sugar added

2. Crème liqueurs have a higher proportion of sugar

3. Base Neutral alcohol Cognac/brandy Whiskey flavours Rum

LIQUEURS continued

4. Fruits Orange (Curacao-orange,blue,clear) Strawberry (Strawberry liqueur) Melon (Midori) Mandarin, lime etc5. Herbs Mint, sage, coriander, rosemary ( used in Chartreuse, Strega etc.)

LIQUEURS continued

6. Beans Coffee ( Kahlua, Bundy liqueur) Cocoa ( Crème de cacao)7. Roots Ginger, liquorice, angelica (Ginger liqueur, Sambuca)8. Nuts Hazelnut, almond, walnut ( Nocello, Frangelico, Amaretto)

Manufacture of liqueurs

1. Distillation

Peel and flavouring agents placed in still, covered with spirit and redistilled

Mixture of separate distillations

Manufacture of liqueurs

2. Flavour transfer Percolation – spirit pumped over

flavouring agents in a wire basket in the same manner as coffee is percolated

Maceration – flavouring agents soaked in spirit may then be redistilled

Manufacture of liqueurs

3. Flavour added Oils or essences added to

sweetened spirits

Liqueur Coffees

Use a stemmed glass, preferably with a handle

Present on a doilied side plate with a parfait spoon

Ask customer if they want sugar You can either have this flamed or

make it behind the bar (no flame)

Liqueur Coffees continued

Variations of liqueur coffees

Irish - Irish whiskeyJamaican- Tia MariaMexican- KahluaRoman- GallianoParisienne- CointreauCaprice- Grand Marnier, Kahlua,

Cognac (15ml each)