operating at zero and delivering...
TRANSCRIPT
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Operating at Zero and Delivering ValueThe Bullitt Center Three Years Later
October 13, 2016NBI Getting to Zero National Forum
Christopher Meek, AIA, Assoc. Prof., UW IDLJim Hanford, AIA, Principal, Miller Hull Justin Stenkamp, PE, LEED AP, PAE
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Bullitt Center | Sections
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Net Zero (+)
United States Photovoltaic Solar Resource:
Flat plate tilted at latitude
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determining theCARRYING CAPACITY of the site:
─ solar harvest 230,000 kWh/year
─ gross building area 52,000 gsf
─ Energy Use Index (EUI)16
Net Zero Energy
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Bullitt Center | Energy Systems
Project Performance Timeline
RPI 16
EUI 10
RPI 16
EUI 12
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END USE PROFILES
0
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kWh/
mon
th
Bullitt End Use Consumption Profiles
Plug load Plumbing/FLS Lighting Load IT/Server HVAC Elevator
PLUGS
LIGHTS
Bullitt End Use Consumption Profiles
HVAC
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FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Land $3,380,000
Hard Costs $23,360,000
Pre-Construction $450,000
Construction $18,160,000 (350/sf)
Owners Direct $2,940,000
Sales Tax $1,810,000
Soft Costs $5,290,000
Architecture & Engineering $2,550,000
Permits & Municipal Fees $320,000
Utility Expenses $600,000
Other $1,680,000
Finance Costs $470,000
TOTAL COST $32,500,000
Financial Considerations
Project Costs
Window Systems
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WINDOW PHOTO
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Winodw slides here
Diagram: Dylan Davis/UW IDL
Window Operations - Annual
Blue: ClosedYellow: Open
80 F
55 F
WINDOW OPERATIONS
Diagram: Dylan Davis/UW IDL
Window Operations - Summer
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WINDOW OPERATIONS
Diagram: Dylan Davis/UW IDL
Window Operations – Swing Season
LBC Beauty and Spirit Survey Results
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Building Systems + Performance
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Architect: Miller|Hull
Bullitt Center
HVAC System Overview
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Elec
tric
Con
sum
pti
on
, kW
h
SCL Power Used PV Exported to SCLPV Used by Bullitt Savings over Baseline
2013 2014 2015 2016
Bullitt Center Performance
Predicted vs. Actual
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TOTA
L EN
ERG
Y (K
BTU
/SF)
Plug Loads HVAC LightsIT Dom. Water ElevatorModeled Plug Loads Modeled HVAC Modeled LightsModeled IT Modeled Dom. Water Modeled Elevator
July2015
Aug.2015
Sept.2015
Oct.2015
Nov.2015
Dec.2015
Jan.2016
Feb.2016
March2016
April2016
May2016
June2016
Bullitt Center Performance
Modeled and Actual
Bullitt Center Performance
Modeled and Actual
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Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
h)
ACTUAL Energy Production PREDICTED Energy Production
Bullitt Center Energy
PV Array
Thermal Comfort Theory
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12:01:00 AM
3:11:00 AM
6:21:00 AM
9:31:00 AM
12:41:00 PM
3:51:00 PM
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1:21:00 AM
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12:21:00 AM
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1:01:00 PM
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7:21:00 PM
10:31:00 PM
1:41:00 AM
4:51:00 AM
8:01:00 AM
11:11:00 AM
2:21:00 PM
5:31:00 PM
8:41:00 PM
11:51:00 PM
South Zone Summer Temperature Profile
ZONE 1 SLAB TEMPERATURE ZONE 1 SPACE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE
Performance
Thermal Comfort
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North Zone Shoulder Temperature Profile
ZONE 1 SLAB TEMPERATURE ZONE 1 SPACE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE
Performance
Thermal Comfort
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Post Occupancy Adjustments
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Living in a Living Building
Issues
Living in a Living Building
Solutions
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Monitoring
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Tenant Perspective
Diagram: The Miller Hull Partnership
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© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2016
Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings
EUI ~42 kBtu/ft²-yrPlug loads alone = ~12.8 kBtu/ft²-yr
Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy
(SEC, 2009)
*This is based on modeling done in 2009 – The wattage appears to be dropping somewhat due to adoption of more laptop computers and cloud computing.
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2016
Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings
EUI ~42 kBtu/ft²-yrPlug loads alone = ~12.8 kBtu/ft²-yr
Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy
(SEC, 2009)
Bullitt Center Modeled (Operating 2015)EUI ~16 kBtu/ft²-yr (Now operating ~10 kBtu/ft²-yr)Plugs alone = ~7.6 (3.1) kBtu/ft²-yr- with controls
*If plug load reduction performance is not persistentover time the project will not meet net-zero operation.
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Green Lease at Bullitt Center
UW Leased Area: 7950 ft²Annual Energy budget: 5452 kWh
Plug Load Energy Allocation Density: 0.69 kWh/ft²-yrPlug Load “Density” @ 1300* hrs: 0.53 W/ft² (whole building)
@ 150 ft²/person: ~80 W/workstation (average operating W)
* 1300 hours of estimated operation time per year per workstation
Many provisions…Includes tenant energy budget apportioned by square footage of leased area.
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Monitors Computer
2 – 20” CCFL-LCD 1 - Desktop@ 75 Watts each @ 100 Watts
2 – 22” LED-LCD 1 - Desktop@ 40 Watts each @ 80 Watts160
watts
2 – 22” LED-LCD 1 - Laptop@ 14 Watts each @ 35-62 Watts~75
watts
typical
good (2009)
better
250 watts
Graphic: PAE Engineering
Work Station Efficiencies
Image: Enmetric Plug Load Manager/UW IDL
Web-based Real Time Plug Load Data Collection, Scheduling, and Reporting at Each Receptacle.
Comprehensive Plug Load/Task Lighting Management
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Approx. 120 FTEJanuary 2015
Approx. 170 FTEDecember 2015
Plug Load Energy 2015
Plug Loads by Occupancy
Hourly Data Occupied/Unoccupied
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Physical and situational cues activate + support values
Communicating a Culture of Conservation
Encouraging Pro-environmental Actions: Cue: Solar Array Action: Energy Conservation
http://www.bullittcenter.org/
Tenant Engagement
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Encouraging Pro-environmental Actions: Cue: Bike parking, showers, lockers Action: Transportation + Healthy Exercise
http://www.bullittcenter.org/
Tenant Engagement
Tenant Engagement
Encouraging Pro-environmental Actions:
Value: BiosphericCue: Light Filled Stair at Main
Entry (no elevator lobby to be seen)
Action: Energy Use + Healthy Exercise + Views of the Sound
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UW Integrated Design Lab
http://www.cidseattle.com/idl/http://www.aia.org
Monetizing Efficiency
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1. Tenants pay for Baseline
2. Measure the saved energy with a meter
3. Buy and sell it through PPA just like generation
MEETS Concept
Authorized for use by MEETS AC licensees by EnergyRM 05‐09‐2014
DeltaMeter®
MEETS Concept
Metered Energy Efficiency Transaction Structure
“Negawatts”
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Authorized for use by MEETS AC licensees by EnergyRM 05‐09‐2014
MEETS Benefits
0
50
100
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350
400
0 30 60 100
Cos
t (M
illio
ns)
Time (Years)
$10 $13$23 $19
$63
$20
$350
$21
Average Building
Net Zero Building
Financial Considerations
Challenges – Net Present Cost
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-40,000
-30,000
-20,000
-10,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Elec
tric
Con
sum
pti
on
, kW
h
SCL Power Used PV Exported to SCLPV Used by Bullitt Savings over Baseline
2013 2014 2015 2016
Bullitt Center Performance
Predicted vs. Actual
Jim Hanford, AIA, PrincipalThe Miller Hull [email protected]
Justin Stenkamp, PEPAE Consulting [email protected]
Christopher Meek, AIA, IESAssociate Professor + DirectorIntegrated Design LabUniversity of [email protected]
THANK YOU!