operation and service manual p/n 6006760, revision c

ELECTROSTATIC CLASSIFIER MODEL 3082

SCANNING MOBILITY PARTICLE SIZER™ (SMPS™) SPECTROMETER

MODEL 3938

OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL

P/N 6006760, REVISION C

JANUARY 2016

ELECTROSTATIC

CLASSIFIER

MODEL 3082

SCANNING MOBILITY

PARTICLE SIZER™ (SMPS™)

SPECTROMETER

MODEL 3938

OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL

Product Overview 1

Unpacking and Setting Up the Electrostatic Classifier

2

Moving and Shipping the Electrostatic Classifier

3

Instrument Description

4

Instrument Operation 5

Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting

6

Appendixes

ii Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

Manual H is tory

The following is a history of the Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and

Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer™ (SMPS™) Spectrometer Model 3938

Operation and Service Manual (P/N 6006760).

Revision Date

A September 2013

B February 2014

C January 2016

iii

Warranty

Part Number 6006760 / Revision C / December 2016

Copyright ©TSI Incorporated / 2014-2016 / All rights reserved.

Address TSI Incorporated / 500 Cardigan Road / Shoreview, MN 55126 / USA

Fax No. 651-490-3824

E-mail Address [email protected]

Limitation of Warranty

and Liability

(effective February 2015)

(For country-specific terms and conditions outside of the USA, please visit www.tsi.com.)

Seller warrants the goods, excluding software, sold hereunder, under normal use and service

as described in the operator's manual, to be free from defects in workmanship and material for

12 months, or if less, the length of time specified in the operator's manual, from the date of

shipment to the customer. This warranty period is inclusive of any statutory warranty. This

limited warranty is subject to the following exclusions and exceptions:

a. Hot-wire or hot-film sensors used with research anemometers, and certain other components when indicated in specifications, are warranted for 90 days from the date of shipment;

b. Pumps are warranted for one year or 3000 hours; whichever comes first;

c. Parts repaired or replaced as a result of repair services are warranted to be free from defects in workmanship and material, under normal use, for 90 days from the date of shipment;

d. Seller does not provide any warranty on finished goods manufactured by others or on any fuses, batteries or other consumable materials. Only the original manufacturer's warranty applies;

e. This warranty does not cover calibration requirements, and seller warrants only that the instrument or product is properly calibrated at the time of its manufacture. Instruments returned for calibration are not covered by this warranty;

f. This warranty is VOID if the instrument is opened by anyone other than a factory authorized service center with the one exception where requirements set forth in the manual allow an operator to replace consumables or perform recommended cleaning;

g. This warranty is VOID if the product has been misused, neglected, subjected to accidental or intentional damage, or is not properly installed, maintained, or cleaned according to the requirements of the manual. Unless specifically authorized in a separate writing by Seller, Seller makes no warranty with respect to, and shall have no liability in connection with, goods which are incorporated into other products or equipment, or which are modified by any person other than Seller.

The foregoing is IN LIEU OF all other warranties and is subject to the LIMITATIONS stated herein. NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY IS MADE. WITH RESPECT TO SELLER’S BREACH OF THE IMPLIED WARRANTY AGAINST INFRINGEMENT, SAID WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO CLAIMS OF DIRECT INFRINGEMENT AND EXCLUDES CLAIMS OF CONTRIBUTORY OR INDUCED INFRINGEMENTS. BUYER’S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY SHALL BE THE RETURN OF THE PURCHASE PRICE DISCOUNTED FOR REASONABLE WEAR AND TEAR OR AT SELLER’S OPTION REPLACEMENT OF THE GOODS WITH NON-INFRINGING GOODS.

TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE USER OR BUYER, AND THE LIMIT OF SELLER'S LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES, OR DAMAGES CONCERNING THE GOODS (INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE) SHALL BE THE RETURN OF GOODS TO SELLER AND THE REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE, OR, AT THE OPTION OF SELLER, THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE GOODS. IN THE CASE OF SOFTWARE, SELLER WILL REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE SOFTWARE OR IF UNABLE TO DO SO, WILL REFUND THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE SOFTWARE. IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES. SELLER SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTALLATION, DISMANTLING OR REINSTALLATION COSTS OR CHARGES. No Action, regardless of form, may be brought against Seller more than 12 months after a cause of action has accrued. The goods returned under warranty to Seller's factory shall be at Buyer's risk of loss, and will be returned, if at all, at Seller's risk of loss.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.tsi.com/

iv Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

Buyer and all users are deemed to have accepted this LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND

LIABILITY, which contains the complete and exclusive limited warranty of Seller. This

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY may not be amended, modified or its terms

waived, except by writing signed by an Officer of Seller.

Software License (effective March 1999)

This is a legal agreement between you, the end user, and TSI Incorporated. BY

INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS

OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS

AGREEMENT, PROMPTLY RETURN THE UNOPENED PACKAGE AND THE

ACCOMPANYING ITEMS (including written materials and binders or other containers) to TSI

for a full refund.

1. GRANT OF LICENSE. TSI grants to you the right to use one copy of the enclosed TSI software program (the “SOFTWARE”), on a single computer. You may not network the SOFTWARE or otherwise use it on more than one computer or computer terminal at the same time.

2. COPYRIGHT. The SOFTWARE is owned by TSI and is protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Therefore, you must treat the SOFTWARE like any other copyrighted material (e.g., a book or musical recording) except that you may either (a) make one copy of the SOFTWARE solely for backup or archival purposes, or (b) transfer the SOFTWARE to a single hard disk provided you keep the original solely for backup or archival purposes.

3. OTHER RESTRICTIONS. You may not rent or lease the SOFTWARE, but you may transfer the SOFTWARE and accompanying written material on a permanent basis, provided you retain no copies and the recipient agrees to the terms of this Agreement. You may not reverse-engineer, decompile, or disassemble the SOFTWARE.

4. DUAL MEDIA SOFTWARE. If the SOFTWARE package contains multiple types of media, then you may use only the media appropriate for your single-user computer. You may not use the other media on another computer or loan, rent, lease, or transfer them to another user except as part of the permanent transfer (as provided above) of all SOFTWARE and written material.

5. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS. The SOFTWARE and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in the “Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software” Clause at 252.227-7013 and the “Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights” clause at 52.227-19.

6. LIMITED WARRANTY. TSI warrants that the SOFTWARE will perform substantially in accordance with the accompanying written materials for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of receipt.

7. CUSTOMER REMEDIES. TSI’s entire liability and your exclusive remedy shall be, at TSI’s option, either (a) return of the price paid or (b) repair or replacement of the SOFTWARE that does not meet this Limited Warranty and which is returned to TSI with proof of payment. This Limited Warranty is void if failure of the SOFTWARE has resulted from accident, abuse, or misapplication. Any replacement SOFTWARE will be warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period or thirty (30) days, whichever is longer.

8. NO OTHER WARRANTIES. TSI disclaims all other warranties, either express or implied, including, but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with regard to the SOFTWARE and the accompanying written materials.

9. NO LIABILTY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. In no event shall TSI be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, special, incidental, consequential or indirect damages for personal injury, loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of information or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of, or inability to use, this SOFTWARE.

Service Policy Knowing that inoperative or defective instruments are as detrimental to TSI as they are to our customers, our service policy is designed to give prompt attention to any problems. If any mal-function is discovered, please contact your nearest sales office or representative, or call TSI at 1-800-874-2811 (USA) or 651-490-2811.

Trademarks TSI and TSI logo are registered trademarks of TSI Incorporated. Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and SMPS are trademarks of TSI Incorporated.

Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Tygon is a registered trademark of Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation.

Teflon and Viton are registered trademarks of DuPont.

Gilibrator is a registered trademark of Sensidyne.

v

Safety

This chapter provides instructions to promote safe handling and correct

operation of the Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and Scanning Mobility

Particle Sizer™ (SMPS™) Spectrometer Model 3938.

All repair and maintenance should be performed by qualified, trained

technicians; all maintenance and repair information in this manual is

included for use by a qualified, trained technician.

W A R N I N G

The Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer

Model 3938 must be used in the manner described in this manual.

Failure to follow all of the procedures described in this manual can

result in serious injury to you or can cause irrevocable damage to the

instrument.

W A R N I N G

High-voltage is accessible within this instrumentation. Unplug the power

source before removing the cover to perform maintenance procedures.

W A R N I N G

The Model 3077/3077A Neutralizers contain radioactive material that is

subject to the regulations of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

as well as local regulations.

The Model 3088 Advanced Aerosol Neutralizer contains an x-ray

source, which may be subject to local regulations.

The use of controls, adjustments, or procedures other than those

specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous radiation.

W A R N I N G

The use of controls, adjustments or procedures other than those specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous optical radiation.

vi Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

L a s e r S a f e t y The SMPS 3938 system includes a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)

which is a Class 1 laser-based instrument. You will not be exposed to laser

radiation during normal operation of the Model 3772, 3775, 3776, 3787, or

3788 CPCs. However, you must take the following precautions to prevent

exposure to hazardous optical radiation in the form of intense, focused,

invisible light:

Do not remove any parts from any CPC unless this manual instructs

you to do so.

Do not remove any part of the CPC housing while the instrument is

powered on.

W A R N I N G

The use of controls, adjustments or procedures other than those specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous optical radiation.

R a d i a t i o n S a f e t y The 3938 SMPS spectrometer can be used with a Model 3077 or 3077A

Neutralizer (contains a Krypton-85 source). The following precautions must

be taken when using the Model 3077/3077A Neutralizer:

Do not remove any parts from the 3082 Classifier unless this manual

instructs you to do so.

Corrosive materials can degrade materials within the classifier. Do not

operate the classifier and its associated instrumentation with chemicals

that corrode 303, 304, or 316 Stainless steel, copper, silver solder, or

epoxy.

A lead radiation shielding (optional accessory) may be installed inside

the Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082. This shielding will reduce the

radiation level to <1 µSv/hr at a distance of 10 cm from any touchable

surface of the classifier. In some countries or localities, the Model

3077A neutralizer must be operated with lead shielding installed.

Temperatures above 50°C may cause the 3077/3077A neutralizer to

leak, causing radioactive contamination. Do not operate the classifier

or its associated instrumentation in temperatures above 50°C.

Keep all Neutralizer packing materials. The neutralizer has a half-life of

10.7 years. TSI recommends that after 10 years of operation you return

the neutralizer to the manufacturer and replace it with a new one.

Install and remove the neutralizer using the directions contained within

this manual.

Safety vii

W A R N I N G

The Model 3077/3077A Neutralizer contains radioactive material that is


as well as local regulations.


source, which may be subject to local regulations. During normal

operation, you will not be exposed to x-ray radiation. Do not make any

changes to the Aerosol Neutralizer such as detaching the x-ray source

from the neutralizer tube.

C h e m i c a l S a f e t y The SMPS spectrometer can be used with a Model 3088 Advanced

Aerosol Neutralizer. The x-ray source in the Model 3088 contains a window

that is made from beryllium. In normal operation this window is not

accessible. However, should this window be damaged or broken, turn off

the power and then contact TSI for proper disposal instructions. Beryllium

fragments or dust particles produced by a broken output window are

harmful to the body, so take extreme caution not to inhale them. When the

x-ray source is to be disposed of, contact TSI for proper disposal

instructions.

Some of the CPCs that can be used in a 3938 SMPS spectrometer use n-

butyl alcohol (butanol) as a working fluid (models 3772, 3775, 3776).

Butanol is flammable and potentially toxic if inhaled. When using butanol,

refer to a material safety sheet and follow these precautions:

Use butanol in a well-ventilated area.

If you smell butanol (it has a strong odor) and develop a headache, or

feel faint or nauseous, leave the area at once. Ventilate the area before

returning.

The Model 3777 Nano Enhancer uses Diethylene glycol (DEG) as a

working fluid. While overall less toxic and corrosive than other working

fluids such as butanol, DEG can be toxic if ingested in or inhaled. Refer to

a Safety Data Sheet for proper precautions when handling DEG.

Use DEG in a well-ventilated area.

W A R N I N G

Butanol is flammable. Butanol is also potentially toxic if inhaled. If you

smell butanol and develop a headache, or feel faint or nauseous, leave

the area at once. Ventilate the area before returning.

W A R N I N G

DEG is potentially toxic if inhaled or ingested. Use DEG only in a well-

ventilated area.

viii Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

W A R N I N G

Although the 3938 SMPS spectrometer is appropriate for monitoring

inert process gases such as nitrogen or argon, it should not be used

with hazardous gases such as hydrogen or oxygen. Using the 3938

SMPS spectrometer with hazardous gases may cause injury to

personnel and damage to equipment.

E l e c t r i c a l S a f e t y The Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082, all supported CPCs (Models 3772,

3775, 3776, 3777, 3787, 3788), and all supported DMAs (Models 3081(A),

3085(A), and 3086) have high-voltage points within their housings. Only a

qualified technician should perform service or maintenance.

W A R N I N G

High-voltage is accessible within this instrumentation. Unplug the power


Do not apply power to the Model 3938 SMPS spectrometer unless the

DMA high-voltage cable is connected to the 3082 Classifier and the

base DMA is mounted to the 3082 Classifier.

Always use the provided power cord to ensure proper grounding of the

instrument.

D e s c r i p t i o n o f S a f e t y S y m b o l s a n d L a b e l s This information explains the advisory and identification labels used on the

instrument and in this manual to reinforce the safety features built into the

instrument.

Caution Symbols

C a u t i o n

Caution means be careful. If you do not follow the procedures described in this manual, you may damage the instrument. Caution also indicates important information about the operation and maintenance of this instrument.

Warning Symbols

W A R N I N G

Warning means that unsafe use of the instrument could result in serious injury to you or cause irrevocable damage to the instrument. Follow the procedures prescribed in this manual to use the instrument safely.

Safety ix

W A R N I N G

Un-insulated voltage within the instrument may have sufficient magnitude to cause electric shock. It is dangerous to make any contact with any part inside the instrument.

W A R N I N G

Indicates that the connector is connected to earth ground and cabinet ground.

W A R N I N G

Warns you that the instrument contains radioactive material that is subject to the regulations of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and local regulations.

Labels

Advisory labels and identification labels are attached to the interior and

exterior of the Electrostatic Classifier. Labels are described below.

Serial Number Label—displayed on the back panel.

High Voltage Warning Label—displayed on the interior.

Earth Ground Label— displayed on the interior

Radiation label—displayed on the flag assembly

TSI Service Label—displayed on the back panel.

European Recycling Label—displayed on the back panel (indicates item is non-disposable and must be recycled).

x Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

L i f t i n g C a u t i o n The Electrostatic Classifier is heavy:

Standalone classifier = 32 lbs (14.5 kg).

Classifier with Long DMA attached = 45 lbs (20 kg).

Classifier with 1nm-DMA or Nano DMA attached = 38 lbs (17 kg).

Optional lead shielding = 9.2 lbs (4.2 kg).

Optional 3088 neutralizer = 3.6 lb (1.6 kg).

Total maximum unpackaged weight of classifier: 58 lb (26 kg).

The weight may be unbalanced. To protect your back when lifting the

instrument, follow these precautions:

Enlist the help of another person.

Transport the instrument on a cart when possible.

Carry the DMA and classifier separately. Never lift the classifier by

gripping the DMA.

Slide your hands beneath the classifier to lift it off the bench.

Note: You can also use the handle located above the fan guard on the

back of the instrument.

Lift with your legs while keeping your back straight.

Keep the instrument close to your body as you lift.

xi

Contents

Manual History ............................................................................................ ii

Warranty ..................................................................................................... iii Software License (effective March 1999) ............................................ iv

Safety ........................................................................................................... v Laser Safety .......................................................................................... vi Radiation Safety .................................................................................... vi Chemical Safety ................................................................................... vii Electrical Safety ................................................................................... viii Description of Safety Symbols and Labels .......................................... viii

Caution Symbols ............................................................................... viii Warning Symbols .............................................................................. viii Labels ................................................................................................ ix

Lifting Caution ........................................................................................ x

Contents ..................................................................................................... xi Figures ................................................................................................. xiii

About This Manual ................................................................................. xvii Purpose ............................................................................................... xvii Organization ........................................................................................ xvii Related Product Literature ................................................................. xviii Submitting Comments ........................................................................ xviii

CHAPTER 1 Product Overview .............................................................. 1-1 Product Description ............................................................................. 1-1 How it Works ....................................................................................... 1-3

Impactor ........................................................................................... 1-4 Sheath Flow ..................................................................................... 1-5 Neutralizer........................................................................................ 1-5 Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) ................................................ 1-6 Bypass Flow .................................................................................... 1-9 DMA High Voltage Controller......................................................... 1-10 Particle Counter/Detector .............................................................. 1-10 Flow Equalizer Assembly ............................................................... 1-11

CHAPTER 2 Unpacking and Setting Up the Electrostatic Classifier .... 2-1 Packing List ......................................................................................... 2-1 Unpacking ........................................................................................... 2-4 Ventilation Requirements .................................................................... 2-4 Setting up the Instrument .................................................................... 2-5

Installing Lead Shielding .................................................................. 2-6 Installing the Model 3077/3077A Neutralizer ................................. 2-10 Installing the Model 3088 Neutralizer ............................................ 2-13 Installing an Impactor ..................................................................... 2-15 Upgrading a Nano DMA ................................................................. 2-17 Upgrading a Long DMA ................................................................. 2-20 Installing a DMA ............................................................................. 2-24 Alternative Installation of the 1nm-DMA ........................................ 2-30

xii Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

Using Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA Bypass Flow ................................ 2-32 Connecting the DMA to the High Voltage Port .............................. 2-33 Installing the Flow Equalizer Assembly ......................................... 2-33 Upgrading Detector Firmware ....................................................... 2-35 Connecting the Classifier to the Detector ...................................... 2-35 Installing Aerosol Instrument Manager Software .......................... 2-36 Connecting the Classifier to the Computer ................................... 2-36 Powering On the Classifier ............................................................ 2-38

CHAPTER 3 Moving and Shipping the Electrostatic Classifier .......... 3-1 Preparing for Shipping ..................................................................... 3-2

CHAPTER 4 Instrument Description ..................................................... 4-1 Front Panel ......................................................................................... 4-2 Back Panel .......................................................................................... 4-3 Side Panel........................................................................................... 4-4 Internal Instrument Components ........................................................ 4-5 Main Components ............................................................................... 4-6

Aerosol Inlet/Impactor ...................................................................... 4-6 Inlet Manifold ................................................................................... 4-7 Neutralizer Housing ......................................................................... 4-7 Flag Assembly ................................................................................. 4-7 Sheath Flow Loop ............................................................................ 4-8 Circuit Boards .................................................................................. 4-8 High-Voltage Power Supply ............................................................ 4-9 DMA Lower Bracket ......................................................................... 4-9 Communication Ports ...................................................................... 4-9 Wetted Materials ............................................................................ 4-12

CHAPTER 5 Instrument Operation ........................................................ 5-1 Operating Precautions ........................................................................ 5-1 Operating the Electrostatic Classifier ................................................. 5-2

Title Bar ........................................................................................... 5-3 Operating in Classifier Mode .............................................................. 5-7 Operating in SMPS Mode ................................................................. 5-10

Title Bar ......................................................................................... 5-11 Properties Shortcut Button ............................................................ 5-11 Specifying Graph Options ............................................................. 5-11 Scan Statistics Pane ...................................................................... 5-16 Viewing Settings ............................................................................ 5-17

Using the Setup Screen .................................................................... 5-18 Viewing and Setting Properties ..................................................... 5-19 Viewing and Setting Device Options ............................................. 5-27 Logging Data ................................................................................. 5-33 Inverted Data vs. Raw Data .......................................................... 5-35 Exporting Data ............................................................................... 5-37 Performing Calibrations ................................................................. 5-39 Setting Up a Custom DMA ............................................................ 5-50

Operating in External Control Mode ................................................. 5-51 Auto Recovery Feature ..................................................................... 5-52 Shutting Off the Electrostatic Classifier ............................................ 5-53

CHAPTER 6 Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting .................. 6-1 Recommended Cleaning Solutions ................................................. 6-2 Cleaning the Impactor ..................................................................... 6-2 Replacing Impactor O-Rings ........................................................... 6-4

Contents xiii

Greasing O-rings ............................................................................. 6-6 Changing the Flag Assembly O-ring ................................................ 6-7 Removing the Cover ........................................................................ 6-8 Replacing the Inline Filters .............................................................. 6-9 Replacing the Flowmeter ............................................................... 6-11 Cleaning the DMA Electrodes........................................................ 6-13 Cleaning/Changing the DMA Dacron Screen ................................ 6-18 Performing ISO Zero Tests ............................................................ 6-21 Performing a Leak Check .............................................................. 6-24 Performing User Recalibrations and Checks ................................. 6-25 Upgrading Firmware ...................................................................... 6-25

Troubleshooting ................................................................................ 6-26 Technical Contacts ........................................................................... 6-31 Returning the Electrostatic Classifier for Service .............................. 6-32

APPENDIX A Specifications .................................................................. A-1

APPENDIX B Theory of Operation ........................................................ B-1 History ................................................................................................ B-1 Impaction Theory and Operation ....................................................... B-3 Electrostatic Classifier ........................................................................ B-5 Charging Theory ................................................................................ B-8 Particle Mobility Theory .................................................................... B-11 SMPS Spectrometer Measurement Theory ..................................... B-15 Multiple Charge Correction .............................................................. B-17 Diffusion Loss Correction ................................................................. B-17

Determination of P1 ....................................................................... B-19 Determination of P2 ....................................................................... B-19 Determination of P3 ....................................................................... B-20 Determination of P4 ....................................................................... B-20 Determination of P5 ....................................................................... B-20 Equivalent Length Concept ........................................................... B-20

Selected References ........................................................................ B-21

APPENDIX C Computer Interface ......................................................... C-1 Terminal Communications ................................................................. C-1 Firmware Commands ......................................................................... C-2

Index

Reader’s Comments Sheet

F i g u r e s 1-1 Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 with Long DMA ........................ 1-2 1-2 Electrostatic Classifier Schematic ................................................... 1-4 1-3 Cross Section of Model 3081A Long DMA ...................................... 1-7 1-4 Cross Section of Model 3085A Nano DMA ..................................... 1-8 1-5 Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier with Nano DMA and CPC ...... 1-10 1-6 Flow Equalizer Assembly ............................................................... 1-11

4-1 Electrostatic Classifier Front Panel .................................................. 4-2 4-2 Electrostatic Classifier Back Panel .................................................. 4-3

xiv Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

4-3 Electrostatic Classifier Side Panel ................................................... 4-4 4-4 Electrostatic Classifier Internal Components (viewed from side) .... 4-5 4-5 Electrostatic Classifier Internal Components (viewed from above) . 4-6 4-6 Electrostatic Classifier Back Panel Communication Ports ............ 4-10

5-1 Electrostatic Classifier Error Screen ................................................ 5-5 5-2 Electrostatic Classifier Main Screen ................................................ 5-7 5-3 Setting Sheath Flow ........................................................................ 5-8 5-4 Setting Particle Diameter ................................................................. 5-8 5-5 Setting DMA Voltage ....................................................................... 5-9 5-6 Electrostatic Classifier Main Screen .............................................. 5-10 5-7 Electrostatic Classifier Setup Screen ............................................ 5-18 5-8 Electrostatic Classifier Properties Tabs ......................................... 5-19 5-9 Electrostatic Classifier Properties Screen–Hardware Tab ............ 5-24 5-10 Electrostatic Classifier Properties Screen–Tube Length ............... 5-25

5-11 Electrostatic Classifier Properties Screen – Gas Tab ................... 5-26 5-12 Electrostatic Classifier Gas Reference Screen ............................. 5-27 5-13 Electrostatic Classifier Device Options Screen ............................. 5-27 5-14 Electrostatic Classifier Date and Time Screens ............................ 5-28 5-15 Electrostatic Classifier Display Screen .......................................... 5-29 5-16 Electrostatic Classifier Information Screen.................................... 5-30 5-17 Electrostatic Classifier Diagnostics Screen ................................... 5-31 5-18 Electrostatic Classifier Communications Screen ........................... 5-32 5-19 Electrostatic Classifier Logging Options Screen ........................... 5-34 5-20 Sample Inverted Data Export File ................................................. 5-35

5-21 A Sample Raw Data Export File .................................................... 5-36 5-22 Electrostatic Classifier Data Export Screen................................... 5-37 5-23 Electrostatic Classifier Calibration Screen .................................... 5-39 5-24 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Sheath

Flow Tab ........................................................................................ 5-40 5-25 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Sheath

Flow Setpoint button ...................................................................... 5-41 5-26 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Sheath

Flow Setpoint Values ..................................................................... 5-41 5-27 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Calibration

Saved to Instrument ...................................................................... 5-42 5-28 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Sheath

Flow Tab ........................................................................................ 5-43 5-29 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Reference

Field ............................................................................................... 5-44 5-30 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–dP Tab .............. 5-45

5-31 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Impactor

Flow Tab ........................................................................................ 5-47 5-32 Electrostatic Classifier Calibration out of Range Warning ............. 5-48 5-33 Electrostatic Classifier Restore Factory Defaults .......................... 5-49 5-34 Electrostatic Classifier Factory Defaults Restored for Sheath

Flow Screen ................................................................................... 5-49 5-35 Electrostatic Classifier Display Screen for External Control .......... 5-51

6-1 Long DMA: Cleaning the Electrodes (shown with 3081

base plate) ..................................................................................... 6-13 6-2 1nm-DMA and Nano DMA: Cleaning Electrodes (shown

with 3085 base plate) .................................................................... 6-15

Contents xv

6-3 Reassembling Base with Grounding Wire ..................................... 6-17 6-4 Cleaning the Long DMA Dacron Screen ....................................... 6-18 6-5 Cleaning the Nano DMA or 1nm DMA Dacron Screen

(shown with the 3085 base plate) .................................................. 6-20

B-1 Classifier Shown with Impactor Installed on Inlet ........................... B-3 B-2 Cross-Sectional View of an Inertial Impactor [Hinds, 1982] ........... B-3 B-3 Flow Schematic for the Electrostatic Classifier with Long DMA ..... B-6 B-4 Flow Schematic for the Electrostatic Classifier with Nano

or 1nm-DMA ................................................................................... B-7 B-5 Bipolar Particle Charge Distribution in Air [Wiedensohler

and Fissan, 1988] ........................................................................... B-8 B-6 Collector Rod Voltage as a Function of Particle Diameter

for Normal Operating Conditions of the Long DMA [Agarwal

and Sem, 1978] ............................................................................ B-14 B-7 Circular Tube Penetration Efficiency [Gormley and

Kennedy (1949)] ........................................................................... B-18 B-8 Location of Flow Paths Contributing to Diffusion Losses ............. B-19

T a b l e s 2-1 Electrostatic Classifier Packing List ................................................. 2-1 2-2 3082 Accessory Kit .......................................................................... 2-2 2-3 1035990 SMPS Spectrometer Accessory Kit .................................. 2-2 2-4 3081U Long DMA Upgrade Kit ........................................................ 2-2 2-5 Model 3081A Long DMA Accessory Kit ........................................... 2-3 2-6 3085U Nano DMA Upgrade Kit........................................................ 2-3 2-7 Model 3085A Nano DMA Accessory Kit .......................................... 2-3 2-8 Model 3086 1nm-DMA Accessory Kit .............................................. 2-3 2-9 Optional Accessories and Replacement Parts ................................ 2-4 2-10 Flow Ranges for Impactor Bodies ................................................. 2-15

4-1 Flow Range for Each Impactor Orifice ............................................. 4-7

5-1 Electrostatic Classifier Status Icons ................................................ 5-4 5-2 Electrostatic Classifier Error Messages ........................................... 5-6 5-3 X-axis Settings ............................................................................... 5-12 5-4 Y-axis Settings ............................................................................... 5-14 5-5 Electrostatic Classifier Setup Screen Options ............................... 5-18 5-6 Electrostatic Classifier Diagnostic Screen ..................................... 5-31 5-7 Inverted Data vs. Raw Data Comparison ...................................... 5-36 5-8 Approximate Data Transfer Times ................................................. 5-38

6-1 3082R-MAINT Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier

Maintenance Kit ............................................................................... 6-1 6-2 Electrostatic Classifier Maintenance Schedule ................................ 6-2 6-3 Troubleshooting ............................................................................. 6-26

A-1 SMPS Spectrometer Specifications ................................................ A-1 A-2 SMPS Specifications ...................................................................... A-2 A-3 Electrostatic Classifier Specifications ............................................. A-3 A-4 Specifications of the Electrostatic Classifier with Long DMA ......... A-4 A-5 Specifications of the Electrostatic Classifier with Nano DMA ......... A-5

xvi Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

A-6 Specifications of the Electrostatic Classifier with 1nm-DMA .......... A-6

B-1 Midpoint Mobilities, Midpoint Particle Diameters, and Fraction

of Total Particle Concentration that Carries –6 to +6

Elementary Charges as a Function of Mobility. Calculated with

equations B-2 and B-3 and coefficients given in B-2. .................... B-9 B-2 Coefficients for Equation B-2 used for Radioactive

Neutralizers (Models 3077 and 3077A). ....................................... B-10 B-3 Coefficients for Equation B-2 used for soft X-ray Neutralizer

(Model 3088), from Knobel et al. (2013) ....................................... B-11

C-1 Electrostatic Classifier Firmware Commands Description ............. C-3 C-2 Electrostatic Classifier Firmware Commands List (select) ............. C-3

xvii

About This Manual

P u r p o s e This is an operation and service manual for the Electrostatic Classifier

Model 3082 and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer™ (SMPS™)

Spectrometer Model 3938.

O r g a n i z a t i o n The following information is a guide to the organization of this manual.

Chapter 1: Product Overview

Contains an introduction to the Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082, a

list of features, and a brief description of how the instrument works.

Chapter 2: Unpacking and Setting Up the Electrostatic Classifier

Contains a packing list and the step-by-step procedures for installing

and running samples using the Electrostatic Classifier.

Chapter 3: Moving and Shipping the Electrostatic Classifier

Describes how to prepare the Electrostatic Classifier for moving and

shipping.

Chapter 4: Instrument Description

Describes features and controls that run the Electrostatic Classifier,

including the components on the front-panel, back-panel, and inside

the instrument. It also covers the basic functions of the instrument.

Chapter 5: Instrument Operation

Describes the operation of the Electrostatic Classifier.

Chapter 6: Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting

Describes the recommended practices for routine maintenance and

service, as well as important troubleshooting procedures.

Appendix A: Specifications

Contains the specifications of the Electrostatic Classifier.

Appendix B: Theory of Operation

Describes the theory of operation of the Electrostatic Classifier

Appendix C: Computer Interface

Describes how to communicate with a terminal emulation program.

xviii Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

R e l a t e d P r o d u c t L i t e r a t u r e Aerosol Instrument Manager® Software for SMPS™ Instruction

Manual (part number 1930038) TSI Incorporated

Model 3077/3077A Aerosol Neutralizers Instruction Manual (part

number 1933077 TSI Incorporated)

Model 3088 Advanced Aerosol Neutralizer Operation and Service

Manual (part number 6006729 TSI Incorporated)

Model 3480 Electrospray Aerosol Generator Operation and

Service Manual (part number 1933793 TSI Incorporated)

Model 3482 Advanced Electrospray Aerosol Generator Operation

and Service Manual (part number 6007732 TSI Incorporated)

Model 3772/3771 Condensation Particle Counter Operation and

Service Manual (part number 1980529 TSI Incorporated)

Model 3775 Condensation Particle Counter Operation and Service

Manual (part number 1980527 TSI Incorporated)

Model 3776 Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter Operation

and Service Manual (part number 1980522 TSI Incorporated)

Model 3777 Nano Enhancer Operation and Service Manual (part

number 6002945 TSI Incorporated)

Model 3787 General Purpose Water-based Condensation Particle

Counter Operation and Service Manual (part number 6003712) TSI

Incorporated

Model 3788 Nano Water-based Condensation Particle Counter

Operation and Service Manual (part number 6003713) TSI

Incorporated

S u b m i t t i n g C o m m e n t s TSI values your comments and suggestions on this manual; please use the

comment sheet on the last page to send us your opinion on the manual’s

usability, to suggest specific improvements, or to report any technical

errors.

If the comment sheet has already been used, please mail your comments

on another sheet of paper to:

TSI Incorporated

Particle Instruments

500 Cardigan Road

Shoreview, MN 55126

Fax: (651) 490-3824

E-mail Address: [email protected]


1-1

C H A P T E R 1 Product Overv iew

This chapter contains an introduction to the Electrostatic Classifier

Model 3082 and provides a brief explanation of how the instrument operates.

P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n The Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 can be used with a Long, Nano, or

1nm-Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA). The DMAs are particle size

selectors allowing you to generate a monodisperse aerosol stream with

particles of known size from a polydisperse aerosol input. The classifier

produces particles in the size range of 2 to 1000 nm depending upon the

DMA used.

The classifier is most often used in one of the following ways:

In an aerosol generation system to produce particles of uniform size

from a polydisperse source. The Long DMA can classify particles in the

range of 10 to 1000 nm; the Nano DMA can classify particles in the

range of 2 to 150 nm; the 1nm-DMA can classify particles in the range

of 1 to 50 nm.

In a submicrometer-particle sizing system where the classifier

separates particles by size for high-resolution measurements of

particle-size distribution. When used as part of a Scanning Mobility

Particle Sizer (SMPS) spectrometer, monodisperse aerosol leaving the

classifier passes to a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) which

measures particle concentration. The SMPS spectrometer scans

quickly through a portion of the size range from 1 to 1000 nm (the size

range depends upon the SMPS spectrometer configuration) to give a

precise measurement of aerosol size distribution. Operation as an

SMPS spectrometer can be controlled either directly from the front

panel display of Model 3082 or by TSI Aerosol Instrument Manager

Software (Model 3938) on a connected PC.

Advantages of the classifier include the following:

Choice of three interchangeable DMAs and the flexibility to use

customized DMAs.

Choice of three interchangeable neutralizers (two radioactive, one

X-ray).

Choice of three interchangeable inlet impactors.

For the Nano DMA and 1nm-DMA, minimal diffusional broadening and

particle loss.

Recirculating flow for precise match of sheath and excess flows.

Accurate microprocessor-controlled volumetric flow.

1-2 Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

Precision dynamic high-voltage supply for fast, accurate scanning.

Optional dual-polarity high-voltage supply (single polarity negative

supply is standard).

Convenient front-panel design with touch-screen display.

Electronic control of flow, voltage, particle-size, and instrument

functions.

Auto-recovery due to power loss when sampling in SMPS mode.

Applications of the classifier when used in an aerosol generation system to

produce highly monodisperse particles include the following:

Conducting aerosol research, including studies of particle transport,

diffusion, coagulation, nucleation, and condensation.

Performing particle-charge and electrical-mobility studies.

Conducting filter media tests of filter efficiency.

Calibrating particle instrumentation, such as optical particle counters,

by enhancing the monodispersity of polystyrene latex (PSL) or other

aerosols by removing residue particles and multiplets.

Applications of the classifier when used in a TSI SMPS spectrometer to

offer high-resolution sizing of submicrometer particles include the following:

Conducting aerosol research, including nucleation and condensation

studies.

Performing atmospheric and climate studies.

Conducting Nanotechnology research and materials synthesis.

Conducting combustion and engine exhaust studies.

Characterization of sprays, powders, and other generated aerosols.

Applications of the classifier when used

with other TSI particle instrumentation

include the following:

Performing primary size and

concentration calibration of

Condensation Particle Counters when

used with a TSI Model 3068B Aerosol

Electrometer.

Creating small and large changes in

particle size due to coagulation,

evaporation, condensation,

humidification, and chemical reactions

when used in tandem with a second

DMA.

Measure size distributions of solid

nanosize particles in liquids, or

generate monodisperse aerosols with

particle sizes down to a few

nanometers with high concentrations,

when used with a TSI Model 3480

Electrospray Aerosol Generator.

Figure 1-1 Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 with Long DMA

Product Overview 1-3

H o w i t W o r k s The Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier consists primarily of an impactor to

remove large particles (outside the size range of interest), a charger to

neutralize the charges on particles, a controller to control flows and high-

voltage, and a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) which separates

particles based on their electrical mobility. When using the classifier for

particle sizing, a CPC placed downstream of the classifier counts particles

as they exit the DMA.

Polydisperse submicrometer aerosol passes through a bipolar diffusion

charger (also called an aerosol neutralizer), establishing a bipolar-

equilibrium charge level on the particles. Particles receive either positive,

negative, or zero charge(s). The particles then enter the DMA and are

separated according to their electrical mobility. This parameter is inversely

related to particle size and proportional to the number of charges on the

particles.

In the particle generation mode, the particle size of the monodisperse

aerosol exiting the classifier is selected using the display screen on the

front panel. When using the classifier for particle sizing, it can be operated

in the following modes:

Underpressure mode

When the flow rate of the polydisperse aerosol is set by a CPC or any other vacuum source downstream of the classifier. Air is drawn through the DMA, a useful practice when sampling from aerosol at or near atmospheric pressure.

Overpressure mode

When the flow rate of the polydisperse aerosol is set by the aerosol source entering the Classifier. The aerosol is pushed through the DMA. Overpressure operation is best when generating aerosols from pneumatic nebulizers or other pressurized systems.

How it works:

1. An impactor removes large particles and measures flow.

2. A neutralizer creates a well-characterized charge distribution on the

particles.

3. Inside a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA), the charged particles

experience an electrical field that causes them to move through the

gas in which they are suspended.

4. The number of particles per size exiting the DMA can be measured by

an external particle detector, such as a CPC. A CPC can count single

particles to provide accurate counts, even at low concentrations.


Figure 1-2 Electrostatic Classifier Schematic

Impactor

The primary function of the impactor is to remove particles greater than a

known particle size from the sampled aerosol. If not removed, these

particles will contribute to multiply-charged aerosols. The impactor is also

used as a flowmeter, since the pressure drop across the impactor is

proportional to the square of the flow rate. The Model 3082 can be

operated with one of three impactors. The orifice size and flow rate

determine the largest particle size that can be sampled within each SMPS

spectrometer measuring size range.

The aerosol flow is accelerated through a nozzle directed at a flat plate.

The plate deflects the flow to form a 90° bend in the streamlines. Particles

with high inertia cannot follow the streamlines and impact upon the plate.

Smaller particles follow the streamlines, do not impact upon the plate, and

pass through the impactor. The aerodynamic particle size at which the

particles are separated is the cut-point diameter or D50.


Sheath Flow

Sheath flow is required for use with DMAs. The sheath flow controller

maintains a constant flow through the sheath flow loop. The loop consists

of a pump (blower), two HEPA filters, a heat exchanger, flowmeter, a

temperature sensor, a relative humidity (RH) sensor, and a pressure

sensor. The flow is monitored by the microprocessor and used to control

the pump based on the desired flow rate set on the display. The heat

exchanger removes heat produced by the pump. The temperature and

pressure sensors update particle mobility and size readings on the display.

Neutralizer

The neutralizer provides a known charge distribution on the aerosol

entering the DMA. The classifier can be operated with a Model 3077

Krypton-85 Neutralizer or a Model 3088 Advanced Aerosol Neutralizer

which uses soft x-rays. The Model 3077 is available in two versions:

Model 3077, 74 MBq, (2 mCi).

Model 3077A, 370 MBq, (10 mCi). Used for higher flow and higher

particle concentrations. In many countries, the Model 3077A can only

be operated with lead shielding in place.

The 3088 Neutralizer receives power from, and communicates directly

with, the classifier.

The neutralizers are shipped as separate modules. Detailed descriptions of

the neutralizers are contained in their respective manuals.


Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA)

The Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier can be used with a Model 3081A

Long DMA, a Model 3085A Nano DMA, or a Model 3086 1nm-DMA. If you

have a previous-model DMA (3081 or 3085), you can purchase an upgrade

kit from TSI to make it compatible with the Model 3082.

A filtered flow loop recirculates the sheath flow. Sheath air enters the

Sheath Flow + port on the top of the DMA and passes to an annular

chamber at the top of the DMA. The flow then goes through a Dacron®

mesh to straighten the flow. The air flows downward axially through the

classifier region. The Polydisperse Flow enters the DMA though an inlet

tube from the top and flows in an axial direction between two narrow

concentric cylinders to evenly distribute the concentric flow and

concentration distribution. This thin annular flow is introduced into the

classifier region and smoothly merged with the laminar sheath air flow.

Particles with negative charge stick to the outer electrode, whereas,

noncharged (neutral) particles are removed unaffected with the exiting

sheath flow. Positively charged particles are carried axially downward with

the sheath airflow while also being attracted radially toward the center

electrode due to the electric field. Particles with a narrow range of electrical

mobility reach a circumferential slit within the center electrode and exit the

DMA as the Monodisperse Flow. If the optional positive polarity High

Voltage is used, negatively charged particles exit the DMA.

The size-classified aerosol continues to the external CPC (if used) to be

counted.

(continued on next page)


Long DMA

The Model 3081A Long DMA provides a size range of 10 to 1000 nm. A

cross-sectional view of the Long DMA is shown in Figure 1-3. The mobility

analyzer consists of two cylindrical electrodes made of polished stainless

steel and insulated from each other by a Teflon® spacer at the top and an

acetyl-plastic (Black Delrin®) spacer at the bottom. The lower spacer allows

enough high-voltage leakage to prevent static charge build up near the

exit slit.

Figure 1-3 Cross Section of Model 3081A Long DMA

®Teflon®, Delrin®, and Dacron® are registered trademarks of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.


The central electrode has an outer radius of 0.369 in (0.937 cm) and is

coaxial with the outer electrode which has an inner radius of 0.772 in

(1.961 cm). The characteristic length is 17.468 in (44.369 cm).

Note: The characteristic length of a DMA is defined as the length between

the middle of the inlet slit to the middle of the outlet slit. But, since

the inlet slit is formed by a sharp edge and a radius, the midpoint of

the inlet slit is defined as the middle of the shortest distance between

the edge and the radius projected to a vertical line.

Nano DMA and 1nm-DMA

The Model 3085A Nano DMA provides a size range from 2 to 150 nm, but

is optimized for particles <20 nm. The Model 3086 1nm-DMA uses the

same basic design as the Nano DMA but with dimensions to provide a

1 to 50 nm size range and particularly good performance for <3 nm

particles. The basic design of these DMA’s is an extensive modification of

the Long DMA so that their performance is optimized for small particles. A

cross-sectional view of the Nano DMA is shown in Figure 1-4.

Figure 1-4 Cross Section of Model 3085A Nano DMA


The inlet to the Nano DMA is an axial 1/4-inch port. (Note: A 3/8-inch port

is offered and recommended if operating at aerosol flow rates above

4 L/min). The inlet to the 1nm-DMA is an axial 3/8-inch port. The aerosol

flows through a short connecting tube that quickly widens in a conical

section to reach a narrow annular channel. The inner cone is fixed by four

narrow supports at the top of the outer cylinder. This design promotes

axisymmetric aerosol flow and reduces distortions of the flow field. To

accommodate the axial aerosol inlet, the sheath air flow is routed through

the center electrode from the bottom before it is turned 180 degrees and

passed through a Dacron screen flow straightener (as in the Long DMA).

The 1nm-DMA and Nano DMA have an extra concentric cylinder below the

inlet slit that allows an increased polydisperse aerosol flow up to the inlet

slit. This increased flow reduces the particle transport time and therefore,

reduces diffusion losses up to the inlet slit. The extra inlet flow exits the

DMA as bypass flow. In addition, to match the velocity of sheath air and

aerosol flow, and to reduce electric field penetration into the slit, the slit gap

has been reduced to 0.26 in. [0.66 mm]. The extra flow passes through a

perforated ring to provide enough pressure drop to assure a uniform and

undisturbed aerosol flow at the inlet slit.

To improve the flow field at the sample slit (in the center electrode), the exit

design for the 1nm-DMA and Nano DMA include four thin supports instead

of twelve holes for the Long DMA. The lower section of the center

electrode also contains concentric cylinders. The inner cylinder allows the

sheath air to pass up to the top of the DMA while the outer cylinder carries

the monodisperse sample flow from the exit slit to the exit port.

The central electrode of the Nano DMA has an outer radius of 0.369 in

(0.937 cm) and a grounded electrode with an inner radius of 0.75 in (1.905

cm). The characteristic length has been shortened to 1.963 in (4.987 cm)

to reduce the effects of diffusion.

The characteristic length of the 1nm-DMA has been further shortened to

0.787 in (2 cm). As in the Nano DMA, the central electrode of the

1nm-DMA has an outer radius of 0.369 in (0.937 cm) and the grounded

electrode has an inner radius of 0.75 in (1.905 cm).

Note: The characteristic length is the distance between the middle of the

inlet slit and the middle of the outlet slit.

Bypass Flow

Some applications of the Model 3085A Nano DMA and 3086 1nm-DMA

use the bypass flow option to bring aerosol to the inlet slit faster than the

maximum flow rate of the detector (CPC or electrometer) in order to

minimize ultrafine particle losses caused by diffusion. This is especially

important when using the 1nm-DMA with particles <3 nm. Bypass flow is

not provided by the 3082 Classifier, but can be pulled or exhausted from

the 3085 or 3086 through the Bypass Flow port. The Bypass Flow port is

shipped with an end-cap attached. This port should remain capped when

not in use.


Note: It is recommended that an impactor not be used with Bypass Flow

since the additional flow may result in an inaccurate aerosol flow

measurement and an incorrect impactor D50. See Installing an

Impactor in Chapter 2 for more information on acceptable impactor

flow rates.

DMA High Voltage Controller

An integral part of the classifier is the precise control of DMA voltage. This

is accomplished using a precision high-voltage supply with an external

feedback reference module. A negative supply is installed standard, and a

dual negative/positive supply is an optional factory installation. The DMA

controller provides an electrical potential on the center rod of the DMA. The

high voltage is set and monitored by the firmware.

The particle diameter can be set the same way that DMA voltage is set.

The corresponding voltage is calculated and set automatically. Note that a

sheath flow must be set before a particle diameter can be entered.

Particle Counter/Detector

When the classifier is operated in SMPS spectrometer mode, a CPC can

be attached downstream of the DMA to measure particle concentrations by

counting single particles. The CPC provides accurate particle

measurements at high and low concentrations at data rates of up to 50 Hz.

Figure 1-5 Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier with Nano DMA and CPC


Flow Equalizer Assembly

Some applications of the classifier

use a flow equalizer assembly

between the DMA and the CPC in

order to run the DMA at a lower flow

rate than the CPC, enabling size

distribution measurements at the

upper end of the DMA size range

while maintaining sheath to aerosol

flow ratios 5:1 and higher. Clean

dilution air from ambient is

introduced via a HEPA filter and is

mixed with the aerosol flow

immediately downstream of the

DMA. The amount of dilution air is

controlled manually with a needle

valve. The flow equalizer assembly is

a standard accessory shipped with

purchase of a 3938 SMPS.

The flow equalizer assembly relies

upon back pressure in the aerosol

line of the 3082 to overcome the

pressure drop of the HEPA filter.

Figure 1-6 Flow Equalizer Assembly

Therefore an impactor must be installed in the inlet of the classifier when

using the flow equalizer assembly. With an impactor installed, dilution

ratios of 4X to 7X can be achieved, depending on impactor and flow rate.

Without an impactor installed, the dilution ratio cannot be greater than ~1.3.

Ideally the flow equalizer should be used in an SMPS configuration with the

CPC set to 1 L/min or above, and the scan time set to 60s or higher. If your

application requires that the flow equalizer be used in an SMPS with CPC

flow rates less than 1 L/min or scan times faster than 60s, it is

recommended that the time delay value be determined empirically for

better size accuracy.

It is recommended that the flow equalizer not be used when the aerosol

particles of interest are smaller than 10 nm due to >10% particle losses

through the flow equalizer assembly at this size.


(This page intentionally left blank)

2-1

C H A P T E R 2 Unpacking and Set t ing Up the E lect rostat ic C lass i f ier

Use the information in this chapter to unpack and set up the Model 3082

Electrostatic Classifier.

W A R N I N G

The Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier weighs over 30 lbs and, with a

DMA attached, can weigh up to 44 lbs. Follow precautions for lifting a

heavy object:

Slot your hands beneath the instrument, or place one hand under the

instrument and the other on the back handle.

Enlist another person to help.

Transport the instrument on a cart whenever possible.

Carry the DMA and classifier separately.

Keeping the instrument close to your body, lift with your legs while

keeping your back straight.

C a u t i o n

The shipping containers and packaging provided with the Electrostatic

Classifier are designed to protect the instrument. Use the provided

container and packaging to ship the instrument for service; use of other

packaging may result in damage to the instrument.

P a c k i n g L i s t The packing list described in Table 2-1 lists the components shipped with

the classifier.

Table 2-1

Electrostatic Classifier Packing List

Qty. Part Number/ Model Number Description

1 3082 Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier

1 6006760 Model 3082 Operation and Service Manual

1 6006761 Model 3082 Quick Start Guide

1 N/A 3082 Accessory Kit (for details see Table 2-2 below)

1 N/A Model 3082 Certificate of Calibration

1 N/A Cable, AC power


Table 2-2 lists the components included in the 3082 Accessory Kit.

Table 2-2

3082 Accessory Kit


1 1035904 Impactor kit and certificates

1 1701000 Impactor grease

10 ft 3001788 Conductive tubing, 1/4-inch

10 ft 3001789 Conductive tubing, 3/8-inch

1 1602071 Filter Media for Fan

1 3012077 Tube cutter

1 6006269 Neutralizer retainer bracket

5 6006817 8-32 socket-head cap screws (extra)

5 5094150 8-32 truss-head screws (extra)

3 6006680 1-207 conductive O-rings (inlet/impactor face seal)

3 2501605 1-017 O-rings (impaction plate radial seal)

1 1319420 Stylus

1 6006767 Shielded USB cable

1 962002 RS-232 cable (goes between Classifier and CPC)

If the 3082 is purchased as part of a 3938 SMPS system, you will receive

an additional SMPS accessory kit and AIM3938 Aerosol Instrument

Manager® software. Table 2-3 lists the components included in the SMPS

Accessory Kit.

Table 2-3

1035990 SMPS Spectrometer Accessory Kit


1 1036015R Zero filter assembly

1 1036399 Flow equalizer assembly

1 6006767 Shielded USB cable

In order to convert a 3081 Long DMA into a 3081A Long DMA

(recommended), you must purchase the 3081U upgrade kit. Table 2-4 lists

the components included in the Model 3081A Long DMA upgrade kit.

Table 2-4

3081U Long DMA Upgrade Kit


1 N/A DMA base plate with memory chip (unprogrammed)

1 1601754 SS Swagelok 1/8 mnpt x ¼ tu

2 N/A Labels for flow ports

Unpacking and Setting Up 2-3

If a 3081A is purchased, you will receive an additional 3081A Accessory

Kit. Table 2-5 lists the components included in the Model 3081A

Accessory Kit.

Table 2-5

Model 3081A Long DMA Accessory Kit


1 1030389 Dacron screen assembly

In order to convert a 3085 Nano DMA into a 3085A Nano DMA

(recommended), you must purchase the 3085U upgrade kit. Table 2-6 lists

the components included in the Model 3085A Long DMA upgrade kit.

Table 2-6

3085U Nano DMA Upgrade Kit


1 N/A DMA base plate with memory chip (unprogrammed)

1 N/A Adapter Manifold with bypass flow cap

1 7002311 1/4-inch inlet for Nano DMA

2 N/A Labels for flow ports

If a 3085A is purchased, you will receive an additional 3085A Accessory

Kit. Table 2-7 lists the components included in the Model 3085A

Accessory Kit for the Nano DMA.

Table 2-7

Model 3085A Nano DMA Accessory Kit


1 N/A Inlet Removal Body



If a 3086 is purchased, you will receive an additional 3086 Accessory Kit.

Table 2-8 lists the components included in the Model 3086 Accessory Kit

for the 1nm-DMA.

Table 2-8

Model 3086 1nm-DMA Accessory Kit


1 N/A Inlet Removal Body



1 N/A Horizontal mounting bracket

1 N/A 3/8” to 1/4" reducer

1 N/A Male outlet port

1 N/A Outlet port adapter tube


Table 2-9 lists optional accessories and replacement parts for the 3938

SMPS spectrometer.

Table 2-9

Optional Accessories and Replacement Parts


1 AIM3938 Aerosol Instrument Manager® software and manual

1 3077 Aerosol Neutralizer (Kr-85, 2 mCi)

1 3077A Aerosol Neutralizer (Kr-85, 10 mCi)

1 3088 Advanced Aerosol Neutralizer (soft x-ray, <9.5 keV)

1 6005931 Lead shielding for 3077A neutralizer

1 390069 Data Merge software

1 DMA-BRACKET Side-support bracket for 3081A DMA

1 1317216 3/8 inch inlet for Nano DMA

50 ft 3001788 1 roll Conductive tubing, 1/4-inch

50 ft 3001789 1 roll Conductive tubing, 3/8-inch

1 6006024 Replacement blower for 3082 Classifier

1 840620 Replacement flowmeter for 3082 Classifier

1 1602051 Replacement HEPA capsule filter (2 required)

1 3082R-MAINT Maintenance Kit for 3082 Classifier (see Table 6-1)

U n p a c k i n g Remove the Accessory Kit and manual from the shipping container before

carefully unpacking the Electrostatic Classifier. Use the packing lists to

verify that there are no missing components.

Save the original shipping container and packing materials to use for future

shipping.

If anything is missing, or appears to be damaged, contact your TSI

representative or TSI Customer Service using one of the following

methods:

Telephone: 1-800-874-2811 (within the US)

001-651-490-2811 (outside the US)

E-mail: [email protected].

See Chapter 6, Returning the Electrostatic Classifier for Service for

instructions on how to return the instrument to TSI.

V e n t i l a t i o n R e q u i r e m e n t s The classifier cabinet is designed to be cooled by room air drawn in

through a filter from the back of the cabinet and exhausted through the

side. Therefore, install the cabinet with at least a two-inch (50 mm)

clearance between the back panel and any other surface.



S e t t i n g u p t h e I n s t r u m e n t This section contains instructions for setting up the classifier. The classifier

can be operated with either the Model 3077/3077A Neutralizer or the

Model 3088 Advanced Aerosol Neutralizer. The Model 3082 is not shipped

with either a DMA or Neutralizer installed.

To set up the classifier in a particle-generation configuration (without a

CPC) follow the instructions in the order given:

1. If required to do so by local regulations, install the optional lead

shielding.

2. Install either the Model 3077/3077A or 3088 Neutralizer.

3. If needed for your application, remove the inlet adaptor and install an

impactor.

4. Install a DMA and connect the DMA sheath flow ports, polydisperse

flow inlet, and high voltage cable to the classifier.

5. Connect the classifier to a PC using the USB cable provided, or

connect the classifier to a PC or local area network (LAN) using an

Ethernet (cable not provided).

6. Connect the AC power cable to the back of the classifier.

Notes: When plugged in, the unit powers on automatically.

Detailed instructions for steps 1 through 6 above are given on

the following pages.

To set up the classifier in an SMPS spectrometer configuration, follow the

instructions in the order given:

1. If required to do so by local regulations, install the optional lead

shielding.

2. Install either the Model 3077/3077A or 3088 Neutralizer.

3. If needed for your application, remove the inlet adaptor and install an

impactor.

4. Install a DMA and connect the DMA sheath flow ports, polydisperse

flow inlet, and high voltage cable to the classifier.

5. If using the flow equalizer assembly, install it now.

6. Connect the CPC inlet to the monodisperse outlet on the DMA.

7. If desired, connect the classifier to a PC using the USB cable provided,

or connect the classifier to a PC or local area network (LAN) using an

Ethernet (cable not provided).

8. Connect the classifier to the CPC using the RS-232 cable provided.

9. Connect the AC power cable to the back of the CPC and power on.

10. Connect the AC power cable to the back of the Classifier.


Notes: When plugged in, the unit powers on automatically.

Detailed instructions for all these steps are given on the

following pages.

Installing Lead Shielding

A lead radiation shielding (optional accessory) may be installed inside the

Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082. This shielding is at least 10 mm thick

and will reduce the radiation level to <1 µSv/hr at a distance of 10 cm from

any touchable surface of the classifier. In some countries or localities, the

Model 3077A neutralizer must be operated with lead shielding installed.

To install the lead shielding, follow these instructions:

1. The classifier cover is attached with eight (8) screws. Using a Phillips-

head screwdriver, loosen the bottom two and top three screws.

Remove the other screws and save for reuse.

Note: Do not remove any of the captive nylon washers from the

screws.


2. Tilt and lift off the cover leaving the five loosened screws in place.

3. Using a Phillips-head screwdriver, remove the two screws securing the

flag assembly and save for reuse.

4. Lift out the flag assembly by placing your fingers in the depressions

on either side and pulling up on the Polydisperse Flow outlet port.


5. Using a Philips-

head screwdriver,

remove the four

screws holding the

flag assembly

housing in place

and save for reuse.

6. Lift the flag

assembly housing

out of the classifier

by placing one

finger on either

side.

7. Lift out the flag assembly housing and rest it

on the top of the instrument.

Note: The housing is tethered and cannot be

removed completely.


8. In the

classifier,

locate the four

guide rods

used to place

the lead shield

in the correct

position.

9. The lead shield fits around the guide rods. Carefully slide the lead

shield into place. Verify that no cables are pinched.

10. Slide the flag assembly housing back into place over the rods. Line

up the 1/4-inch holes on the bottom of the housing with the guide rods

and slide the housing back into place over the rods.

11. Screw the housing in place using the screws you removed in step 5.

12. Reinstall the classifier cover.

C a u t i o n

Do not ship the Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier with the lead

shielding installed, or damage to the classifier may result.


Installing the Model 3077/3077A Neutralizer

W A R N I N G



as well as local regulations. Carefully read the Model 3077 Neutralizer

operating manual to determine your legal responsibilities when using

this instrument.

C a u t i o n

When installed, the neutralizer completes a flow path inside the

classifier. If you operate the classifier with an external neutralizer or

without any neutralizer, the provided impactors cannot be used, and

aerosol flow rate cannot be measured by the classifier.

C a u t i o n

A neutralizer with sufficient charging efficiency must be installed

upstream of the DMA to give accurate results. Neutralizer age,

neutralizer activity level, aerosol flow rate, and aerosol concentration

should be considered. Contact TSI if you are unsure if your neutralizer

has sufficient charging efficiency for your application.

To install the Model 3077/3077A Neutralizer, follow these instructions:

1. If the flag assembly has already been removed, continue with step 3. If

the flag assembly has not been removed, using a Phillips-head

screwdriver, remove the two screws securing the flag assembly and

save for reuse.

2. Lift out the flag assembly by placing your fingers in the depressions on

either side and pulling up on the Polydisperse Flow outlet port.


3. Fit the longer neutralizer tube into the hole at the bottom of the flag

assembly. The head of the screws along the side of the neutralizer

should face away from the Polydisperse Flow outlet tube.

4. Push the

neutralizer and

the flag

assembly

together. Slide

the metal

bracket over the

bottom

neutralizer tube.

Make sure the

clearance holes

on the bracket

aligns with the

screw heads on

the neutralizer

as shown.

5. Compress the foam spacer bracket in order to spring the bracket into

place. The neutralizer and flag assembly are now ready to install.


6. Slide the neutralizer and flag assembly into the neutralizer housing in

the orientation shown in the photograph below. The Polydisperse Flow

outlet tube will fit into the cutout in the instrument case.

7. Reinstall the two retaining screws you removed in step 1.

The radioactive pop-up flag will be up, indicating that a neutralizer is

installed. The flow path inside the classifier has now been completed,

and aerosol pulled through the classifier inlet will now be exposed to

radiation.

C a u t i o n

The yellow indicator flag indicates a neutralizer is installed. A classifier

should never be shipped with a 3077/3077A neutralizer installed due to

transport regulations of devices containing radioactive material. See

Model 3077 manual for proper transport and shipping protocol.


Installing the Model 3088 Neutralizer

W A R N I N G



operation, you will not be exposed to x-ray radiation. Do not detach the

x-ray source from the neutralizer tube.

C a u t i o n

When installed, the neutralizer completes a flow path inside the

classifier. If you operate the classifier with an external neutralizer or

without any neutralizer, the provided impactors cannot be used, and

aerosol flow rate cannot be measured by the classifier.

To install the Model 3088 Advanced Aerosol Neutralizer, follow these

instructions:

1. If the flag assembly has already been removed, continue with step 3. If

the flag assembly has not been removed, using a Phillips-head

screwdriver, remove the two screws securing the flag assembly and

save for reuse.

2. Lift out the flag assembly by placing your fingers in the depressions on

either side and pulling up on the Polydisperse Flow outlet port. Save

the flag assembly for reuse.

3. Remove the black vinyl end caps from the Model 3088 Neutralizer.


4. Insert the neutralizer into the classifier. Hold the neutralizer by placing

one finger on each side of the head and aligning with the cutouts on

the classifier. Lower the neutralizer column into the classifier.

Notes: The top of the neutralizer should be flush with the top of the

classifier. Check for a gap. If there is a gap, the neutralizer is

not seated all the way down.

The ¼” Polydisperse Flow tube sticking out of the side will fit

into the Polydisperse Flow cutout in instrument case.

5. Reinstall the two retaining screws you removed in step 1.

6. Insert the key into the interlock on the neutralizer.

Detailed instructions for operating the Model 3088 Neutralizer can be found

in the Operation and Service Manual, P/N 6006729.


Installing an Impactor

The Electrostatic Classifier is shipped with an inlet adapter in place,

protected by a vinyl cap.

Note: You can run the instrument without using the inlet adapter. If you

want to connect the classifier to tubing, the adapter must be

in place.

To remove particles larger than the size range of interest and/or to

measure aerosol inlet flow to the classifier, the inlet adapter should be

removed and an impactor should be installed. The impactors are provided

in the 3082 Accessory Kit (shipped with the instrument). The impactor

nozzle size and aerosol flow rate determine the largest particle size that

can be sampled within each SMPS spectrometer measuring size range.

The impactors and inlet adapter have a similar appearance but the

impactors differ from the inlet adapter in the following ways:

Each impactor nozzle incorporates an orifice that determines its

cut size.

Each impactor nozzle is engraved with a serial number and orifice size.

Each impactor has a memory chip (EEPROM) on the side (containing

calibration information) which is read by the classifier when installed.

The inlet adapter does not have a memory chip.

The impactors use a removable impaction plate. The impaction plate can

be used with any of the three provided impactor bodies. Do not insert the

impactor body without the plate; if you do, the classifier does not measure

aerosol flow rate accurately and you see a “Low aerosol flow” warning.

Refer to Table 2-10 to select the correct impactor body size. The size

and serial numbers are inscribed on the tubes.

Table 2-10

Flow Ranges for Impactor Bodies

Aerosol Inlet Flow Range (L/min) Nozzle Size (cm)

0.2 to 0.8 0.0457

0.3 to 1.0 0.0508

0.6 to 2.1 0.071


For SMPS spectrometer measurements—If the aerosol inlet flow allows

multiple selections of impactor nozzles (e.g., all three nozzles can be used

if the aerosol inlet flow rate is 0.7 L/min), use the nozzle with the cut-off

size closest to the upper limit of the SMPS spectrometer measurement

range. This will increase the accuracy of the Multiple Charge Correction

(compare Appendix B). The aerosol inlet flow rate, the corresponding cut-

off size for a selected nozzle and upper limit of the SMPS spectrometer

measurement range are shown in the properties window of both Aerosol

Instrument Manager software and the Classifier; see e.g., Using the Setup

Screen in Chapter 5.

C a u t i o n

The upper limit of the flow range for each impactor corresponds to a

pressure differential of approximately 6 kPa. Operating the impactor at

flow rates that result in a pressure differential of greater than 10 kPa

may result in damage to the differential pressure sensor on the

classifier.

C a u t i o n

Do not use a 0.0457 cm or 0.0508 cm impactor with CPCs in high flow

mode (1.5 L/min) as this creates excessive pressure drop and may

result in low or incorrect CPC inlet flow.

To install an impactor, follow these instructions:

1. Select the correct impactor for your application, based on Table 2-10.

2. If you have not already done so, remove the inlet adapter.

3. Assemble the impactor by pushing the stainless steel impaction plate

into the black impactor body in the orientation shown below.

4. Push the impactor into the classifier inlet. When the impactor is fully

inserted, lock it in place by twisting it in a clockwise direction until the

dot on the impactor aligns with the arrow on the bezel.

5. If an impactor is used as part of an SMPS spectrometer with the CPC

operating at 1 L/min or above, there will be a noticeable difference

between the aerosol flow rate measured by the impactor and the

aerosol flow rate measured by the CPC. This is a result of the CPC

measuring volumetric flow at a low pressure due to the pressure drop

across the impactor. For scanning that requires high precision of

concentration measurements, manually enter the aerosol inlet flow rate


on the Aerosol Instrument Manager software or Classifier properties

screen using an external flowmeter as a reference.

Upgrading a Nano DMA

If you have an existing DMA, an upgrade kit must be purchased for proper

use with the Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier. Tables 2-4 and 2-6

describe the upgrade kit packing lists for a Long DMA and a Nano DMA.

To upgrade a Nano DMA you must install a ¼-inch inlet (suitable for DMA

inlet flows of 4 L/min and less), replace the base plate (for auto-recognition

purposes), install a flow manifold for proper routing of flow, apply new port

labels, and program the memory chip for auto-recognition purposes.

To upgrade a Nano DMA, follow these instructions:

1. Remove any tubing connected to the Nano DMA.

2. Unscrew the black retainer ring (or use inlet removal tool provided in

Nano DMA Accessory Kit) and remove the conical 3/8-inch inlet from

the Nano DMA. The O-ring should remove with the inlet.

3. Remove the O-ring and

set the inlet aside.

4. Remove the

replacement ¼-inch inlet

from the upgrade kit.


5. Place the O-ring you set

aside in step 3 onto the

new inlet, stretching it

slightly as you push it

into the groove.

6. Place the inlet on the Nano DMA and then screw the black retainer ring

into place.

7. Carefully lay the

Nano DMA on its

side with the base

plate facing you.

Using a Phillips-head

screwdriver, unscrew

the two screws

holding the base

plate in place and

save for reuse.

8. Remove the base plate and discard.

9. Remove the new base plate from the upgrade kit.


10. Fit the new base plate

over the base of the

Nano DMA in the

correct orientation. The

curved side of the base

plate is at a 45° angle

with the direction of the

Monodisperse flow

outlet (as shown in the

photo).

Note: If the base plate

is attached in an

incorrect

orientation, it will

not fit on the

classifier.

11. Using the screws you removed in

step 8, screw the new base plate

into place on the Nano DMA.

12. Apply the Sheath Flow + label on

top of the existing Sheath

Flow label.

13. Apply the Sheath Flow – label on

top of the existing Excess

Flow label.

14. Remove the manifold

from the upgrade kit.

15. Push the manifold onto

the three ports on the

Nano DMA.

16. Follow these steps to program the base plate of the DMA:

i. Locate the serial number sticker on side of DMA, and record

on a piece of paper. It will be used in the programming steps

discussed below.

ii. Install DMA onto the 3082 (see Chapter 2, “Installing a DMA”).

iii. Turn on the 3082.


iv. Connect to the 3082 using terminal emulation software such as

Hyperterminal or Windows Command Prompt (see

Appendix C, “Terminal Communications”).

v. Write these commands to the 3082:

WSDMAMN 3085

WSDMASN <s/n>. for example, WSDMASN 3085114501 WSDMALENGTH 0.04987 WSDMAID 0.01874 WSDMAOD 0.03810 WSDMATYPE 1 DOSAVEDMAEEPROM

vi. Turn off to the 3082 for at least 10 seconds, then power back

on. Once the main screen loads, verify that the correct DMA

model number is indicated.

17. The 3085 Nano DMA is now fully compatible with the 3082

Electrostatic Classifier. At this point, TSI recommends that you perform

a DMA zero test to verify that the upgrade has not resulted in any

leaks. Follow the directions in Chapter 6, Performing ISO Zero Tests,

to perform this procedure.

Upgrading a Long DMA

To upgrade a Long DMA, you must replace the base plate (for auto-

recognition purposes), replace the monodisperse outlet fitting, rotate one of

the sheath flow ports, apply new labels, and program the memory chip for

auto-recognition purposes.

To upgrade a Long

DMA, follow these

instructions:

1. Remove any tubing

connected to the

Long DMA.

2. Carefully lay the

Long DMA on its

side with the base

plate facing you.

Using a Phillips-

head screwdriver,

unscrew the four

screws holding the

base plate in place

and save for reuse.


3. Using a wrench, remove the Excess Flow (Sheath Flow –) fitting.

4. Remove any existing Teflon tape from the Excess Flow fitting. Apply

new Teflon tape to the fitting.

5. Replace the Excess Flow fitting on the Long DMA in a vertical

position.

Note: The fitting should be at a 90° turn from its original orientation.

6. Using a wrench, remove the Monodisperse Flow fitting.

7. Remove the protective cap from the new Monodisperse Flow fitting

and apply Teflon tape to the fitting.


8. Replace the Monodisperse Flow fitting on the Long DMA.

9. Remove the new base plate from the upgrade kit.

10. Place the Long DMA upside down on the floor. Match the holes on the

base plate with the holes on the Long DMA and screw the new base

plate into place using the screws you removed in step 2.

11. Set DMA upright. Loosen locking ring at top of DMA and rotate the

head of the DMA clockwise 180 degrees for ease of tube routing with

the 3082, as shown below:

DIRECTION OF

ROTATION


C a u t i o n

Rotating the DMA head counter-clockwise may loosen the DMA center

rod. If you inadvertently rotate the DMA head in a counter-clockwise

direction, follow the instructions in Chapter 6 for removing the center

rod and check that the rod is screwed firmly into the head.

12. Retighten the locking ring.

13. Apply the Sheath Flow + label on top of the existing Sheath Flow

label.

14. Apply the Sheath Flow – label on top of the existing Excess Flow

label.

15. Follow these steps to program the base plate of the DMA:

i. Locate the serial number sticker on side of DMA, and record on

a piece of paper. It will be used in the programming steps

discussed below.

ii. Install DMA onto the 3082 (see Chapter 2, “Installing a DMA”).

iii. Turn on the 3082.

iv. Connect to the 3082 using terminal emulation software such as

Hyperterminal or Windows Command Prompt (see

Appendix C, “Terminal Communications”).

v. Write these commands to the 3082:

WSDMAMN 3081

WSDMASN <s/n>. for example, WSDMASN 3081114501WSDMALENGTH 0.44369

WSDMAID 0.01874

WSDMAOD 0.03922

WSDMATYPE 1

DOSAVEDMAEEPROM

vi. Turn off to the 3082 for at least 10 seconds, then power back on.

Once the main screen loads, verify that the correct DMA model

number is indicated.

16. The 3081 Long DMA is now fully compatible with the 3082 Electrostatic

Classifier. At this point, TSI recommends that you perform a DMA zero

test to verify that the upgrade has not resulted in any leaks. Follow the

directions in Chapter 6, Performing ISO Zero Tests, to perform this

procedure.


Installing a DMA

The Model 3082 can be operated with a Long DMA a Nano DMA or a 1nm-

DMA. The DMAs mount onto the classifier with a quick-connect bracket

containing a spring-loaded locking mechanism; the bracket provides

support as well as electrical grounding. Mounting holes for optional side-

support bracket (DMA-BRACKET) are provided for operating in

environments with high vibration and to hold the DMA more securely. An

identifier chip on the base of the DMA identifies the DMA to the classifier.

The 1nm-DMA also includes a bracket for horizontal mounting, and a

female outlet port which matches the inlet of the Model 3777 Nano

Enhancer.

W A R N I N G If you operate the DMA with a classifier that is not installed in the

mounting base bracket, you must either connect the base of the DMA to

the classifier cabinet with a ground strap, or provide independent earth

grounding to the DMA to avoid the risk of electric shock.

Installing a Long DMA

To install a Long DMA, follow these instructions:

1. To use the optional side-support bracket accessory (DMA-BRACKET),

fasten it to the side of the classifier with a 9/64-inch hex wrench using

the two provided 8-32 x 3/8-inch socket-head cap screws.

2. Pull out the clevis pin so that the bracket is open. Set pin aside.

3. Remove the 3/8-inch black conductive tubing from the 3082 Accessory

Kit. Using the provided tube cutter, or a clean razor blade, cut one

12-inch and one 25-inch length of tubing.


4. Push one end of the 25-inch length onto the Sheath Flow + fitting on

the Long DMA. Push one end of the 12-inch length tubing onto the

Sheath Flow - fitting on the bottom of the Long DMA.

5. Place the base of the Long DMA at an angle over the classifier

mounting plate and snap the Long DMA into place. The curved side of

the LDMA base faces away from the classifier.


6. If using the side-support bracket accessory, close the bracket and

replace the clevis pin.

7. Push the end of the long piece of tubing onto the Sheath Flow + inlet

on the classifier. Push the end of the shorter length of tubing onto the

Sheath Flow - inlet.

8. If you are operating the classifier with a neutralizer installed, you must

connect the Polydisperse flow. Remove the ¼-inch black conductive

tubing from the Accessories Kit. Using the provided tube cutter, or a

clean razor blade, cut a 21-inch length of tubing.


9. Push one end of the tubing onto the Polydisperse Flow port on the

classifier.

10. Push the other end of the tubing onto the Polydisperse Flow fitting on

the Long DMA.


Installing a Nano or 1nm-DMA

To install a Nano or 1nm-DMA, follow these instructions:

1. To use the Bypass flow (see Using Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA Bypass

Flow), remove the cap and connect the manifold outlet to a vacuum

line. If the Bypass Flow will not be used, leave the cap in place and

continue with step 2.


Kit. Using the provided tube cutter, or a clean razor blade, cut two

6.5-inch lengths of tubing.

3. Push one end of each piece of tubing into place on the Nano DMA flow

manifold ports.

4. Fit the flow

manifold onto the

DMA.


5. Place the base of the DMA at an angle over the classifier mounting

plate and snap the DMA into place. The curved side of the DMA base

faces away from the classifier.

6. Push the tubing connected to the Sheath Flow – fitting on the manifold

to the Sheath Flow – fitting on the classifier (the upper fitting).

7. Push the tubing connected to the Sheath Flow + fitting on the manifold

to the Sheath Flow + fitting on the classifier (the lower fitting).

8. If you are operating

the classifier with a

neutralizer installed,

you must connect the

Polydisperse flow.

Remove the ¼-inch

black conductive

tubing from the

Accessories Kit. Using

the provided tube

cutter, or a clean razor

blade, cut one 4-inch

of tubing.

9. Push one end of the

tubing onto the

Polydisperse Flow

port.


10. Push the other end

of the tubing onto

the Polydisperse

Flow fitting on the

DMA.

Alternative Installation of the 1nm-DMA

To minimize diffusion losses between the 1nm-DMA and the Model 3777

Nano Enhancer, use the following instructions to mount the 1nm-DMA

horizontally and couple it to the inlet of the Nano Enhancer:

1. To use the Bypass flow (see Using Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA Bypass

Flow), remove the cap and connect the manifold outlet to a vacuum

line. If the Bypass Flow will not be used, leave the cap in place and

continue with step 2.

2. Using a Phillips head screwdriver, remove the baseplate from the

1nm-DMA. Snap the DMA base plate into the classifier so that it

autodetects the 3086 1nm DMA.

3. Set the 1nm-DMA onto the provided horizontal mounting bracket.

Using a Phillips head screwdriver and the included mounting screws,

attach the DMA to the mounting bracket.

4. Remove the stainless steel ¼” OD tube that is pressed into the outlet

port of the 1nm-DMA, leaving a female outlet port. Save this ¼” tube

for future use.


Kit. Using the provided tube cutter, or a clean razor blade, cut two

24 in. lengths of tubing.

6. Push one end of each piece of tubing into place on the Nano DMA flow

manifold ports.


7. Fit the flow

manifold onto the

DMA.

8. Line up the

(female) outlet port

of the 1nm-DMA

with the (male) inlet

port off the

Model 3777 Nano

Enhancer and

press the DMA

onto the Nano

Enhancer.

9. Push the tubing connected to the Sheath Flow – fitting on the manifold

to the Sheath Flow – fitting on the classifier (the upper fitting).

10. Push the tubing connected to the Sheath Flow + fitting on the manifold

to the Sheath Flow + fitting on the classifier (the lower fitting).

11. If you are operating with a neutralizer installed, you must connect the

Polydisperse flow. Locate the included 3/8” to ¼” reducer and install it

onto the neutralizer outlet port. Using the provided tube cutter, or a

clean razor blade, cut a piece of 3/8” tubing of appropriate length to

connect the neutralizer to the DMA. For optimal results, install the

neutralizer outlet as close as possible to the DMA inlet. The neutralizer

does not have to be installed into the classifier.

12. Push one end of

the tubing onto the

Polydisperse Flow

port.

13. Push the other end

of the tubing onto

the Polydisperse

Flow fitting on the

DMA.


Notes: When used in the alternate configuration, the baseplate of the

Model 3086 1nm-DMA must be snapped into the classifier as in

Step 2 above or it will not be automatically recognized by the

Model 3082 classifier. Alternatively, the Model 3086 1nm-DMA can

be manually selected through Setup > Properties > Hardware >

DMA >3086 on the classifier front panel.

If the Model 3086 1nm-DMA is not automatically recognized when

the baseplate is snapped into the classifier, the classifier firmware

may need to be upgraded. See Upgrading Firmware in Chapter 6

for more information.

Using Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA Bypass Flow

The Nano DMA and 1nm-DMA are equipped with a bypass flow path which

allows the DMA to draw aerosol flow at a higher rate than the CPC in order

to minimize diffusion losses. Bypass flow configurations require external

equipment (vacuum source, flow regulation and control, etc.) which is not

provided with the purchase of an SMPS spectrometer.

The Nano DMA and 1nm-DMA are shipped with a plug on the bypass flow

port. To operate using bypass flow, you will need to remove the plug. Flow

can either be pulled out using a vacuum source or pushed out by

maintaining a positive aerosol inlet pressure. The DMA can be operated at

bypass flow rates of up to 20 L/min with the 3/8” inlet installed; however,

the Model 3088 and 3077(A) neutralizers often used with the SMPS

spectrometer have maximum flow rates of 5 L/min. The 1nm DMA has the

3/8” inlet installed by default; it is optional for the Nano DMA (see

Chapter 1, Nano DMA and 1nm-DMA for details). It is recommended that a

high efficiency filter be used downstream of the bypass flow port to avoid

human exposure to nanoparticles.


Note: It is recommended that an impactor not be used with Bypass Flow

since the additional flow may result in an inaccurate aerosol flow

measurement and an incorrect impactor D50. For more on

acceptable impactor flow rates see Installing an Impactor in

Chapter 2.

Connecting the DMA to the High Voltage Port

Each DMA has a cable and connector designed to connect to the high-

voltage port on the classifier.

W A R N I N G

Do not pull or tug on the high-voltage cable. Always grip the plug to

disconnect the cable.

Do not use the cable to carry or move the instrument; if the cable

breaks, you could be exposed to a high voltage.

Replace a cut or damaged cable immediately.

Always switch off the instrument before connecting or

disconnecting the high-voltage connector.

To connect a Long DMA, Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA to the high-voltage

supply, follow these instructions:

1. Check that the power is turned off.

2. Insert the high-voltage connector into the high-voltage port.

Note: The connector only fits in one orientation; one side of the

connector is flattened. Align the flattened side of the connector

with the flattened side of the port.

Installing the Flow Equalizer Assembly

Use the flow equalizer assembly to introduce clean dilution air for

applications where the DMA is run at a lower flow rate than the CPC. See

Chapter 1, Flow Equalizer Assembly for details. A flow equalizer assembly

is shipped standard with purchase of a 3938 SMPS system.


To install the flow equalizer assembly, follow these instructions:

1. Remove the flow equalizer

assembly from the SMPS

Accessory Kit.

2. Push the flow equalizer assembly

onto the Monodisperse Flow

port on the DMA. Tighten finger-

tight, then use wrench to tighten

an additional ¼ turn.

C a u t i o n

Nylon ferrules are provided with the flow equalizer assembly. Do NOT

replace the nylon ferrules with metal ferrules as this may result in

permanent swaging of the flow equalizer assembly.


Upgrading Detector Firmware

The Model 3082 supports communication to a 3772, 3775, 3776, 3787, or

3788 CPC. If your CPC has a firmware version earlier than 2.15 (3772,

3775, 3776) or 1.26 (3787, 3788), the firmware will need to be updated to

be compatible with the Model 3082 Classifier. To download the firmware

update from the TSI website, follow these instructions:

1. Open the TSI web site at http://www.tsi.com/.

2. From the Support tab > TSI Software and Firmware > Software and

Firmware Wizard.

3. Follow the onscreen instructions to find the correct firmware upgrade.

4. Check firmware version on boot-up. Verify that firmware version is 1.26

or greater for 3787 and 3788, and 2.15 or greater for 3772, 3775, and

3776.

Connecting the Classifier to the Detector

The Model 3082 supports communication to a 3772, 3775, 3776, 3787, or

3788 CPC. To connect the classifier to a CPC, follow these instructions:

1. If using a 3772 CPC, connect the CPC outlet to a vacuum source or

pump; otherwise, skip to the next step.

2. Using the tube cutter provided in the Accessory Kit, or a clean razor

blade, cut a 10-inch (25 cm) length of the ¼-inch flexible tubing

provided in the 3082 Accessory Kit.

C a u t i o n

The tube length used must match the length displayed on the Hardware

tab of the Properties page on the display. Tube length between the

DMA and CPC is critical to the sizing accuracy of the SMPS system,

especially at fast scan times (30s and below).

3. Push one end of the tubing onto the DMA’s Monodisperse outlet (or

flow equalizer assembly, if installed). Push the other end of the tubing

onto the CPC inlet.

4. Locate the Serial port on the back of the 3082. Using the RS-232 cable

provided in the Model 3082 Accessory Kit, connect the Serial port on

the back panel of the classifier to a Serial port on the back of the

detector.

Note: Although the detector may support USB communication, serial

communication between detector and classifier is preferred for

best results.

http://www.tsi.com/


Installing Aerosol Instrument Manager Software

If the classifier will be used with the TSI Aerosol Instrument Manager

software, install the software on your PC. Aerosol Instrument Manager

software, versions 10.0 and above are compatible with the 3082 and 3938.

For installation requirements and install procedure, consult Chapter 2 of

the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software User’s Manual (P/N 1930038)

Revision K and above.

Connecting the Classifier to the Computer

The classifier can be connected to a computer (PC) using either USB or

Ethernet.

USB Communication

If using a USB connection, connect the supplied USB cable to the USB

Type B connection on the back of the classifier. Connect the other end of

the cable to the PC.

C a u t i o n

If the computer enters standby mode (may also be called sleep or

hibernate mode) when connected to the classifier, the instrument may

become unresponsive. If this occurs, the classifier must be power

cycled to recover. It is recommended that you disable standby mode on

your PC to avoid this.


Ethernet Communication

The classifier is compatible with either 10 or 100 MBps systems. The green

LED indicates that the network is connected. The yellow LED indicates

activity on the network cable. The instrument cannot be operated using

power-over-Ethernet (POE).

If using the Ethernet connection, the classifier can be set up in various

configurations:

Direct connection to PC using “crossover” Ethernet cable.

Connection to PC via Ethernet switch using standard Ethernet cable

between PC and switch, as well as between switch and classifier.

Connection to a local area network (LAN) using standard

Ethernet cable.

Aerosol Instrument Manager software may lose connection with the

classifier if your network is too busy or the network connection is slow. To

bridge long distances via Internet, the use of a dedicated PC on site

(running Aerosol Instrument Manager software) is recommended. The PC

running Aerosol Instrument Manager software can be accessed via virtual

private network (VPN) and remote desktop.

Note: Newer routers may help reduce susceptibility to broadcast storms.

The IP address of the classifier can be set from the instrument display

under Setup->Device->Communication. See Chapter 5 for details.



Powering On the Classifier

The classifier should be connected to an AC power outlet.

To connect the classifier to a power source, follow these instructions:

1. Plug the supplied power cord into the AC Power In connection on the

back panel of the classifier.

2. Plug the power cord into your electrical supply. It is not necessary to

select the correct voltage; the classifier accepts line voltage of

85 to 260 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz, 200 W max., single phase.

3. Flip the rocker switch on the AC Power In connection. The instrument

powers up automatically.

Note: A “soft” power

button is

provided on the

front panel to

turn the

instrument on

and off. Once

the instrument is

initially switched

on using the

rocker switch,

use the front

power button to

turn on and shut

down the

classifier.

3-1

C H A P T E R 3 Moving and Shipping the E lect rostat ic C lass i f ier

Use the information in this chapter to prepare the Model 3082 Electrostatic

Classifier for moving, shipping, or storage.

W A R N I N G

The Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier weighs over 30 lbs and, with a

DMA attached, can weigh up to 44 lbs. Follow precautions for lifting a

heavy object:

Enlist another person to help.

Transport the instrument on a cart whenever possible.

Keeping the instrument close to your body, lift with your legs while

keeping your back straight.

Recommended precautions for transporting the classifier:

Slot both hands beneath the instrument or place one hand beneath the

instrument and the other on the back handle.

Never use the DMA as a handle when moving the classifier.

Remove the DMA and carry separately when moving the classifier.

C a u t i o n


shielding, the Neutralizer, or the DMA installed, or damage to the

classifier may result.

C a u t i o n

The shipping containers and packaging provided with the Model 3082

Electrostatic Classifier are designed to protect the instrument. Save and

use the provided container and packaging to ship the instrument for

service; use of other packaging may result in damage to the instrument.


Preparing for Shipping

To prepare the Electrostatic Classifier for moving or shipping, follow these

instructions:

1. Power off the classifier and disconnect the power cord from the power

supply.

2. If you are using a DMA, follow these instructions to remove it:

a. Remove the tubing from the inlets/outlets on the classifier.

b. Disconnect the high-voltage power supply.

c. Cap the fittings with the vinyl end caps provided with the original

packaging materials.

d. Depress the lever on the classifier base and release the DMA.

3. If you are using a Model 3088 Neutralizer, follow these instructions to

remove it:

a. Use a Phillips-head screwdriver to unscrew the two truss-head

screws holding the neutralizer in place.

b. Lift out the neutralizer column.

Moving and Shipping 3-3

4. If you are using a Model 3077/3077A Neutralizer, follow these

instructions to remove it:

a. Use a Phillips-head screwdriver to unscrew the two truss-head

screws holding the neutralizer in place.

b. Slide the neutralizer and flag assembly out of the classifier.

5. If you are using the lead shielding, follow these instructions to remove

it (see previous chapter for installation instructions, which are

more detailed):


a. Remove neutralizer (see previous steps).

b. Tilt and lift the cover leaving the five loosened screws in place.

c. Remove four (4) screws holding the neutralizer enclosure in place.

Rest on top of the classifier.

d. Locate the lead shielding and carefully lift out.

e. Replace the flag assembly housing.

f. Replace the instrument cover.

Moving and Shipping 3-5

6. Place the classifier in the original packing provided by TSI Inc.

a. Place the classifier in the smaller of the two boxes, securing it

within the lower foam inserts.

b. Place the upper foam insert over the classifier. Close and tape

the box.

c. Rest the box containing the classifier on the foam corner inserts

in the large box. Position the upper foam inserts and tape the

box shut.

d. The classifier is now ready for shipping.

Note: If you require an impactor calibration, return the impactor(s)

when you return the Electrostatic Classifier to TSI.

4-1

C H A P T E R 4 Inst rument Descr ip t ion

Use the information in this chapter to become familiar with the location and

function of controls, indicators, and connectors on the Model 3082

Electrostatic Classifier.

W A R N I N G

The charger, DMA, and high voltage transducer board all have un-

insulated voltage. Un-insulated voltage within the instrument may have

sufficient magnitude to cause electric shock. It is dangerous to make

any contact with any part inside the instrument.

W A R N I N G

Unsafe use of this instrument can occur if it not used in a manner

described within this manual. Failure to follow all of the procedures

described in this manual can result in serious injury to you or cause

irrevocable damage to the instrument.

W A R N I N G



as well as local regulations. The Model 3088 Advanced Aerosol

Neutralizer contains an x-ray source, which may be subject to local

regulations. During normal operation, you will not be exposed to x-ray

radiation. Do not make any changes, such as detaching the x-ray

source from the neutralizer tube, to the Aerosol Neutralizer.


F r o n t P a n e l The main components of the Electrostatic Classifier front panel are shown

in the figure below. The main components are the touch-screen display,

the power button, and the aerosol inlet.

Figure 4-1 Electrostatic Classifier Front Panel

Instrument Description 4-3

B a c k P a n e l The main components of the Electrostatic Classifier back panel are shown

in the figure below. Components include power and data connections and

the cooling fan.

Figure 4-2 Electrostatic Classifier Back Panel


S i d e P a n e l The main components of the Electrostatic Classifier side panel are shown

in the figure below. Components include the neutralizer, data acquisition

port, high-voltage power socket, flow inlets, and DMA base plate.

Figure 4-3 Electrostatic Classifier Side Panel


I n t e r n a l I n s t r u m e n t C o m p o n e n t s Internal components are described in this section and identified in the

photos below.

Figure 4-4 Electrostatic Classifier Internal Components (viewed from side)


Figure 4-5 Electrostatic Classifier Internal Components (viewed from above)

M a i n C o m p o n e n t s

Aerosol Inlet/Impactor

An inlet adapter is installed in the Model 3082 when shipped; the impactors

are included in the 3082 Accessory Kit. For details about using the inlet

adapter versus an impactor, see Chapter 2.

The impactor removes particles above a known particle size. It also acts as

a flowmeter. For more detailed information, see Chapter 1, How It Works.

Three impactors are available for use with the Model 3082. The impactor

set includes a removable impaction plate that is interchangeable with each

of the three impactor bodies; the impaction plate must be in place for the

impactor to function properly. Use Table 4-1 to determine the correct

impactor for your application. On the touch-screen display, you can view

the flow rate directly from the pressure drop measured across the impactor.

Each orifice is individually calibrated. When you insert the impactor, the

classifier automatically detects the impactor memory chip and uses the

calibration information stored on it.


Table 4-1

Flow Range for Each Impactor Orifice

Flow Range (L/min) Orifice Size (cm)

0.2 to 0.8 0.0457

0.3 to 1.0 0.0508

0.6 to 2.1 0.071

For SMPS spectrometer measurements—If the aerosol inlet flow allows

multiple selections of impactor nozzles (e.g., all three nozzles can be used

if the aerosol inlet flow rate is 0.7 L/min), use the nozzle with the cut-off

size closest to the upper limit of the SMPS spectrometer measurement

range. This will increase the accuracy of the Multiple Charge Correction

(compare Appendix B). The aerosol inlet flow rate, the corresponding cut-

off size for a selected nozzle and upper limit of the SMPS spectrometer

measurement range are shown in the properties window of both Aerosol

Instrument Manager software and the Classifier; see e.g., Using the Setup

Screen in Chapter 5.

Inlet Manifold

The inlet manifold provides a flow path for the aerosol inlet flow from the

inlet to the neutralizer. It also contains an assembly which makes electrical

contact with the memory chip on the impactor to read calibration

information.

Neutralizer Housing

The neutralizer housing is the cavity into which a 3077/3077A or 3088

neutralizer can be installed. At the bottom of the housing, a radial O-ring

(2501010) creates a seal with the neutralizer, ensuring a continuous and

leak-tight flow path. A momentary switch, also at the bottom of the housing,

senses when a 3077/3077A neutralizer is installed.

Flag Assembly

The flag assembly routes flow from the top of a 3077/3077A neutralizer

and out to the DMA. It is shipped standard with every Model 3082 and is

installed without a neutralizer. When installed with a neutralizer, a yellow

indicator flag is present indicating that a neutralizer is installed.

C a u t i o n

The yellow indicator flag indicates a neutralizer is installed. A classifier

should never be shipped with a 3077/3077A neutralizer installed due to

transport regulations of devices containing radioactive material. See

Model 3077 manual for proper transport and shipping protocol.


Sheath Flow Loop

The sheath flow loop is a leak-tight, closed loop for moving and

recirculating DMA sheath flow. The sheath flow loop consists of the

following components:

Sheath Flow Loop Component Description

Blower Single pump for moving sheath flow and controlling flow rate.

Filter manifold Routes air between blower and HEPA filters.

HEPA filters Upstream and downstream of blower; maintains clean flow.

Heat exchanger and fan

Prevents temperature rise of sheath flow due to blower.

Sensors Pressure and relative humidity of the sheath flow are measured. These sensors are located on the Sensor PCB which is mounted to the main flow manifold.

Flowmeter Thermal mass flowmeter to measure temperature and flow rate and provide feedback to blower for flow control. Flow rate is converted to volumetric with the inclusion of pressure measurement from sheath flow pressure sensor. The flowmeter includes the sheath flow temperature sensor.

Flow manifolds Top and bottom (main) flow manifolds route flow between sheath flow loop components and DMA.

Circuit Boards

There are three to four printed circuit boards (PCB) inside the classifier,

depending on instrument configuration:

PCB Description

Main PCB Contains circuitry associated with communications, blower control, fan control, etc. The microprocessor daughter board and SD Flash memory card are also mounted to the main PCB.

Sensor PCB Mounted on the bottom flow manifold behind the HEPA filters. The sheath pressure sensor, case temperature sensor, and impactor differential pressure sensors are located on the top of the Sensor PCB. The back of the sensor PCB makes an O-ring seal with the flow manifold as the sheath relative humidity sensor is mounted to the back of the PCB and is exposed to the sheath flow path.

Display PCB Contains circuitry associated with the touch-screen display.

High-Voltage PCB

Installed only in units with the dual-polarity option to facilitate switching between polarities.


High-Voltage Power Supply

The high-voltage power supply provides a charge on the center rod of the

DMA. For single-polarity units, a single (negative) high-voltage module is

installed. For dual-polarity units, two high-voltage modules are installed

(one positive and one negative). Dual polarity units also include a high-

voltage relay PCB which facilitates switching between the two polarities.

DMA Lower Bracket

The DMA lower bracket is the spring-loaded mechanism used to attach a

DMA to the Classifier. Contacts in the bottom of the DMA lower bracket

make contact with the memory chip on the base of an upgraded DMA to

read the model number and DMA parameters. The DMA bracket is

backwards compatible such that a non-upgraded DMA can still be installed

onto the classifier, but will not have auto-detection capability. If your DMA

does not have this capability, you can purchase an upgrade kit 3081U or

3085U from TSI to take advantage of this feature and other improvements.

Communication Ports

The following communication ports are available on the instrument

back panel (Figure 4-6):

Ethernet port Connects to PC, switch, or LAN.

USB Type A ports (2) Reserved for future use.

USB Type B port Connects to PC.

Digital I/O Using this connection, the classifier can either control or be controlled by an external, third-party device (such as an auto sampler).

Serial RS-232 Connects to the CPC.


Figure 4-6 Electrostatic Classifier Back Panel Communication Ports

C a u t i o n

The external input/output terminals provide a low-voltage NON-isolated

interface to external devices. Observe all polarity and rating of the

signal levels to avoid damage to the instrument.


The following options are available on the Digital I/O:

Out 1 The Not Ready signal. Indicates one of the following: status flag

errors from the connected detectors, status flag errors for the

Classifier, flows off or not at steady operating condition,

temperature faults, undefined or non-valid hardware

configuration, SMPS spectrometer scanning is in process, or the

STOP input is asserted.

Out 2 Reserved for Test commands.

In 1 The Start signal. When In 1 is closed, the SMPS spectrometer

begins sampling.

In 2 The Stop signal. When this signal is closed, the SMPS

spectrometer stops sampling and indicates a Not Ready

condition.

Signals Description Action Comment

Out 1 Not Ready Output switched to

ground when SMPS

spectrometer not

ready

Rating: 30 VDC

<110 ma

Switch to ground

(non-inductive load)

Out 2 Reserved

In 1 Start High to Low transition

minimum 350 ms

Internal 10K pull-up

resistor to 5 VDC In 2 Stop (Inhibit)

The digital output (Out 1) is always active, including when the unit is under

remote control by Aerosol Instrument Manager software, or other software.

To enable the use of digital inputs (In 1, In 2), the External Trigger

checkbox must be checked on Setup > Properties >Scheduling. Note that

Digital inputs cannot be used to initiate an Aerosol Instrument Manager

software sample.

The following cable connections are required:

Cable with single conductors: 0.4 to 1.0 mm diameter (AWG26-18)

Cable with stranded conductors: 0.3 mm2 to 1.0 mm

2 (AWG22-18);

diameter of single wire thicker than 0.18 mm.


Wetted Materials

The materials in the aerosol and sheath flow path inside the 3082

Electrostatic Classifier were chosen to tolerate a wide variety of aerosols.

However, highly corrosive or volatile aerosols and gases may result in

corrosion or damage of internal component or contamination of your

sample aerosol. Review this list of wetted materials if corrosive aerosol or

sheath flow gas will be used in your application.

Below is a list of wetted materials used in the aerosol flow path:

Nickel-plated brass (inlet nozzle, impaction plate)

SS 304, SS 316 (DMA, fittings)

Anodized aluminum 6061-T6 (inlet block, flag assembly)

Teflon-impregnated, anodized aluminum 6061-T6 (impactor body)

EPDM (O-rings)

Conductive silicone rubber (external sample tubing)

PET (Dacron screen)

Below is a list of wetted materials used in the sheath flow path:

Aluminum (flow manifolds, blower)

Acetal copolymer (flow manifolds)

SS 304, SS 316 (fittings)

Brass (fittings)

EPDM (O-rings)

Conductive silicone rubber (external sheath flow tubing)

FDC-compliant PVC (internal sheath flow tubing)

Polypropylene (HEPA filter housing)

Glass microfiber, polyester (HEPA filter material)

5-1

C H A P T E R 5 Inst rument Operat ion

This chapter describes how to operate the Model 3082 Electrostatic

Classifier using the touch-screen display. Touch the screen with your

fingers or the supplied stylus to make selections. For instructions on how to

operate the classifier using Aerosol Instrument Manager software, refer to

the Aerosol Instrument Manager® Software for SMPS™ Instruction Manual

(TSI P/N 1930038).

O p e r a t i n g P r e c a u t i o n s Before applying power, review the operating specifications for the

Electrostatic Classifier described in Appendix A.

When using the classifier, follow these operating precautions:

High-voltage is accessible within this instrument. Unplug the power




as well as local regulations. Carefully read the Model 3077 Neutralizer

operating manual to determine your legal responsibilities when using

this instrument.



operation, you will not be exposed to x-ray radiation. Do not make any

changes, such as detaching the x-ray source from the neutralizer tube,

to the Aerosol Neutralizer.

Install the Neutralizer as described in Chapter 2, Unpacking and

Setting Up the Electrostatic Classifier.

If you operate the classifier without a Model 3077/3077A or 3088

Neutralizer (such as for electrospray applications), do not use the

aerosol inlet. If you do, you are not completing the aerosol flow path.

Instead, remove the flag assembly and connect the aerosol source

directly to the DMA polydisperse inlet.

Do not operate the classifier without the impaction plate installed. If

you do, the penetration curve will be incorrect and the aerosol flow rate

cannot be measured. A “Low aerosol flow” warning may indicate the

absence of an impaction plate.

Never use the DMA as a handle when lifting the classifier.


Do not install Swage fittings with metal ferrules on the impactor or inlet

adapter. If you do, and are unable to remove the metal ferrule, you

may need to purchase a new impactor. Use Nylon or Teflon ferrules

instead.

C a u t i o n

If you do not follow the above operating precautions, you may cause

irrevocable damage to the instrument and may receive inaccurate

measurements.

O p e r a t i n g t h e E l e c t r o s t a t i c C l a s s i f i e r You can operate the Electrostatic Classifier in either the Classifier or SMPS

mode or you can operate it using external control. The mode you use

depends upon your requirements and hardware.

Classifier mode Used when you are operating the 3082 as a particle generation source. The 3082 controls the DMA sheath flow and voltage to output a monodisperse aerosol. No detector is connected.

SMPS mode The SMPS mode option is enabled when a DMA and detector are connected to the classifier. The 3082 controls the detector and DMA during an SMPS spectrometer scan, shows the scan data in a graphical format, and performs data collection and analysis.

Notes: SMPS mode is available in firmware

versions 2.0 and above. If you have an

earlier version of firmware, download a

more recent version from the TSI website.

See section Upgrading Firmware in

Chapter 6 for download instructions.

The Model 3086 1nm-DMA is not

supported in SMPS mode. If a 1nm-DMA

is connected, this mode will not be

available.

Instrument Operation 5-3

External control mode

Same as SMPS mode, but with more options for data analysis. Aerosol Instrument Manager software on a personal computer controls the DMA and detector during an SMPS spectrometer scan, shows the scan data in a graphical format, and performs data collection and analysis. For a complete description of how to use Aerosol Instrument Manager software, refer to Aerosol Instrument Manager

® Software for SMPS™

Spectrometer Instruction Manual (part number 1930038).

Note: When operating the classifier using remote

control, buttons on the main screen are

disabled.

C a u t i o n

If you intend to use remote operation for the SMPS spectrometer, verify

that the system is not reporting errors before you leave the instrument

unattended. Watch the SMPS spectrometer until the first scan has

completed in order to check for expected results.

Title Bar

The title bar at the top of the display screen indicates the status of the

instrument and provides error messages to help you troubleshoot any

problems. The title bar is displayed in blue, yellow, or red, depending on

error state:

Blue Indicates the instrument is operating as expected.

Yellow Indicates a warning condition. When the title bar is yellow, the wrench icon appears. Touch the wrench to see a description of the warning condition.

Red Indicates an error condition. When the title bar is red, the wrench icon flashes. Touch the wrench to see a description of the error condition.


Status Icons

The title bar at the top of the screen displays the status icons described in

Table 5-1 below.

Table 5-1

Electrostatic Classifier Status Icons

Icon Description

Indicates an error or warning. Press the wrench to see a drop-down description of the error(s) and/or warning(s).

Indicates that a radioactive neutralizer is installed.

Indicates that an x-ray neutralizer is installed, powered on, and ionizing. With a slash through the icon, it indicates it is installed and powered on but not ionizing. Press to toggle.

Indicates that data logging is enabled, slash indicates disabled. Press to toggle. SMPS mode only.

Indicates that data logging plus raw data is enabled, slash indicates disabled. Press to toggle. SMPS mode only.

Indicates that the multiple charge correction is enabled, slash indicates disabled. Press to toggle. SMPS mode only.

Indicates that the diffusion correction is enabled, slash indicates disabled. Press to toggle. SMPS mode only.

Displayed in firmware versions earlier than 2.0

Indicates sheath flow rate is on and has stabilized at the target setpoint, slash indicates sheath flow is on but has not yet stabilized.

Size Distribution Corrections

There are two correction options. Mathematically, they are identical to the

correction options used in Aerosol Instrument Manager Software which go

by the same names.

Choosing the multiple charge correction enables a mathematical

correction for particles with multiple charges. Since the SMPS sizing

algorithm assumes a particle has only one charge, the effect of multiple

charges on a particle allows the particle to be incorrectly binned into a

smaller-sized particle channel, as multiple charges on a particle increase

its mobility. When enabled, multiple charge correction corrects the sample

data for the effects of the multiple-charged particles. The effects of

multiple-charged particles are most pronounced for particles >100 nm.

View data in both corrected and uncorrected forms to become familiar with

the effect of multiple charges and the limitations of charge correction.

Choosing the diffusion correction enables a mathematical correction

for diffusion losses of particles in their flow path within the SMPS system. It


is especially important to use diffusion loss correction when sizing aerosols

<100 nm because diffusion becomes increasingly important in this size.

Note: While it is possible to toggle corrections on and off when viewing a

completed scan, the correction must be on before the sample is

initiated in order for the exported data to use the correction.

Error Messages

The wrench icon indicates an error or warning. Touch the wrench icon to see

an on-screen message describing the error and/or warning state(s).

Table 5-2 contains a brief description of the possible error messages.

Figure 5-1 Electrostatic Classifier Error Screen



Table 5-2

Electrostatic Classifier Error Messages

Error Message Description

Impactor Not Detected Differential pressure ≥ 0.5 kPa but no impactor is detected.

Low Aerosol Flow Differential pressure ≤ 0.2 kPa and impactor is detected.

High Impactor dP Differential pressure > 9.5 kPa.

DMA Not Detected DMA not detected with Classifier.

Sheath Flow Error The sheath flow is 2% outside the target set point for more than 5 seconds

DMA Voltage Error The high voltage reading is not within 25V of the high voltage set point, in Classifier mode.

DMA Voltage Self-Check Error

The high voltage self-check test, automatically conducted at start-up, has failed. The HV reading is more than 25V off at 50V and/or 9750V.

Case Temp Error The classifier internal case temperature is > 50°C or < 5°C.

Neutralizer Detection Error

Both 3077(A) and 3088 neutralizer detected at the same time.

Neutralizer Not Active Warning

No neutralizer is detected, or the 3088 X-ray neutralizer is detected but is not ON.

3088 Maximum Hours Exceeded

The run time of the x-ray emission source in the Model 3088 Neutralizer has exceeded 8760 hours.

3088 Neutralization Error

The Model 3088 neutralizer is reporting an error and is not neutralizing.

Detector Data Error Detector internal data buffer is filled and there was data loss between detector and classifier.

Flowmeter Error Flowmeter is not connected.

Sheath Pressure Error The sheath flow pressure is outside of the range 17-128 kPa, or the sheath flow pressure sensor is damaged.

Blower Current Error The sheath flow blower is drawing 3A or greater.

Efficiency File Error The CPC efficiency file is missing from the firmware, or there was an error when opening it.

Data Logging Error There was an error when logging data.

Charge Correction File Error

The neutralizer charge correction file is missing from the firmware, or there was an error when opening it.

Detector Firmware Not Supported

The CPC firmware is not supported by the 3082. CPC firmware upgrade needs to be downloaded.

Sheath Flow warning The Sheath Flow rate has not yet reached target setpoint.

Memory Low <5 % of memory is available to log data.

Memory Full <1% of memory is available to log data. Data will no longer be saved when memory reaches 0%.

Notes: If connected to a detector, errors and warnings from the detector will

also appear on the classifier display. For a list of the possible errors

and warnings see “Related Product Literature” for the associated

detector manuals.

See “Chapter 6, Troubleshooting” for further details on each error.


O p e r a t i n g i n C l a s s i f i e r M o d e In Classifier mode, the instrument is controlled from the front-panel display

screen.

The Electrostatic Classifier main screen in Classifier mode is shown in

Figure 5-2 below.

Figure 5-2 Electrostatic Classifier Main Screen

In Classifier mode, the main screen is used to set sheath flow, particle

diameter, and DMA voltage. The sheath flow and DMA voltage fields

default to OFF. The particle diameter field turns on and off with the sheath

flow—the particle diameter cannot be set unless the sheath flow is turned

on. The particle diameter setpoint is limited to the calculated minimum and

maximum shown in the particle diameter field.

The main screen also displays current configuration information, indicating

which DMA, impactor, and detector are connected, and displaying a real-

time aerosol flow measurement (when an impactor is installed).


To set the Sheath Flow on the main display screen, follow these

instructions:

1. Using your finger or a stylus, touch the power button. The power button

allows you to toggle between On and Off. If you toggle Off and then

On, the sheath flow returns to the previous set point.

Figure 5-3 Setting Sheath Flow

2. Touch the Sheath Flow (L/min) field.

3. Using the onscreen keypad, enter the flow rate to change the setpoint.

The current setpoint is displayed near the upper right of the Sheath

Flow field.

To set the Particle Diameter on the main display screen, follow these

instructions:

1. Using your finger or a stylus, touch the Particle Diameter (nm) field.

Figure 5-4 Setting Particle Diameter

2. Using the onscreen keypad, enter the desired particle size.

Note: The particle size must be between the Min and Max (Min:5.6

Max: 238.4 in the example above) displayed beneath the size

field. The current setpoint is displayed near the upper right of

the Particle Diameter field.


To set the DMA voltage on the main display screen, follow these

instructions:

1. Using your finger or a stylus, touch the Voltage (v) field.

Figure 5-5 Setting DMA Voltage

2. Using the onscreen keypad, enter the voltage to change the setpoint.

3. To change the polarity of the setpoint, touch the +/– field and toggle

between the two options. The new voltage setpoint will be achieved

within 2 seconds. The sign of the current reading is displayed.

Note: This option is only active if you have a dual-polarity voltage

supply. If you have a single-polarity supply, the field displays

(—) and is unavailable to change.

4. The power button icon allows you to toggle between On and Off where

Off sets the DMA voltage to 0 without disturbing the setpoint, and On

restores the setpoint.

5. The current setpoint is displayed near the upper right of the DMA

Voltage field.


O p e r a t i n g i n S M P S M o d e In SMPS mode, the Electrostatic Classifier is operated from the front-panel

display screen. If no DMA or detector is attached, the SMPS button is

disabled.

Notes: SMPS mode is available in firmware versions 2.0 and above. If you

have an earlier version of firmware, download a more recent

version from the TSI website. See section Upgrading Firmware in

Chapter 6 for download instructions.

SMPS mode is unavailable when a 3086 1nm-DMA is used.

Aerosol Instrument Manager software must be used with the

1nm-SMPS system.

The Electrostatic Classifier main screen in SMPS mode is shown in

Figure 5-7 below. Options available from the screen include:

Viewing size distribution of current or completed scan.

Setting graph options (such as units, weights, and channel resolution).

Viewing data statistics.

Setting scan properties.

Viewing scan details.

Selecting multiple charge or diffusion corrections.

These options are explained in detail on the following pages.

Figure 5-6 Electrostatic Classifier Main Screen


Title Bar

The title bar contains the date, time, correction toggle icons, data logging

toggle icon, error message icon (if errors are present) and neutralizer icon

(if installed). It displays the title of each screen. When on the SMPS

screen, the title bar displays the instrument status:

Idle indicates that the instrument is powered on and ready to take

measurements.

Running indicates that the instrument is currently taking

measurements. The setup options cannot be changed when the

instrument is in Running mode. All buttons, except the stop button, are

disabled.

Waiting indicates that the instrument is either waiting for the pre-set

start time or for repeating scans.

Properties Shortcut Button

The Properties button on the main screen takes you directly to the

Properties screen where you can set up scan properties. Whichever tab

you last used on the Properties screen is now the active tab.

Specifying Graph Options

The graph displays a size distribution of a completed sample or an in-

progress sample. Vertical light-blue lines indicate the size range of the

scan. By clicking on either the x-axis or the y-axis, view options can be set.

Completed sample data can be manipulated using these options to view

the graph with different units, weightings, resolution, and scaling. The

multiple charge correction and diffusion correction can also be applied to

completed data.

Notes:

The graph will be cleared from the screen if changes are made to scan

properties.

Size distributions and statistics of previous samples and aborted

samples are not viewable on the classifier. To further analyze previous

data, you can export .TIM files from the classifier and import into

Aerosol Instrument Manager software.


Specifying X-Axis Settings

Touch the X-axis

to see the x-axis

settings menu.

Table 5-3

X-axis Settings

Options Description

Resolution Specify the number of channels per decade. Select 8, 16, 32, or 64 from the Resolution drop-down list. 64 channels/decade is the default setting.

View Boundaries Determine the range of channels for which scan statistics displayed on the SMPS screen will be calculated.

The numbers change based upon the resolution you have selected and are limited by the size range of the measurement specified on the Setup > Properties > Scan screen.

Max Reset the View Boundaries back to the full size range of the measurement. View Boundaries are set to Max by default. Also, if a change is made to scan settings, View Boundaries will return to Max.

OK Return to main screen. Graph and statistics will be updated based on your selections.

Cancel Return to main screen and cancel any changes to x-axis settings.

Notes:

The x-axis range is fixed at 1 to 1000 nm on a log scale and is not

adjustable.

X-axis settings only impact data and statistics on the SMPS screen.

They do not affect inverted data and statistics exported from the

classifier. Exported data will always use 64 channels/decade and Max

view boundaries.


Histogram data

within the View

Boundaries is

displayed in blue,

and data outside

of View

Boundaries is

displayed in gray.

The statistics

displayed on the

SMPS screen use

only data within

the View

Boundaries. Note

that this differs

from the statistics

in exported data files, which relate to the entire size range regardless of

View Boundaries.

When View Boundaries are set to Max (default setting), all histogram data

will be displayed in blue.

Scan Size Range Min/Max

Light blue vertical lines indicate the size range over which the SMPS is set

up to scan. The scan size range is set up on the Setup > Properties > Scan

tab.

Specifying Y-Axis Settings

Touch the Y-axis

to see the y-axis

settings menu.


Table 5-4

Y-axis Settings

Options Description

Max/Min Specify range over which data will be scaled. Use alphanumeric on-screen keyboard to specify min and max. Note that data cannot be scaled logarithmically.

Auto Scale Reset the y-axis scale to the full range of measurement. Max and Min will be grayed out.

Weights Specify how the size distribution is weighted for data and statistics on the SMPS screen.

Number Represents the number concentration (the total number of particles per unit volume of air sampled expressed as #/cm

3).

Surface Represents the surface concentration (total surface area of the particles per unit volume of air sampled expressed as nm

2/cm

3).

Volume Represents the volume concentration (total volume of particles per unit volume of air sampled expressed as nm

3/cm

3).

Mass Represents the mass concentration (total mass of the particles per unit volume of air sampled expressed as μg/ cm

3).

Units Specify y-axis units for data and statistics on the SMPS screen.

Conc. dW Represents interval particle size distributions. The concentration in any channel represents the concentration within the particle size boundaries for that channel.

dW/dlogDp Differential or normalized particle size distribution, normalized to one decade of particle size. This normalized concentration format allows particle size distributions to be compared regardless of the channel resolution. Default unit used.

% Conc Displays each particle size channel as a percentage of the total particle concentration. Applies to data within View Boundaries only.

Cm. Conc Cumulative concentration displays the particle concentration in a cumulative (summed) format. Each particle size channel represents the total concentration of particles measured below its upper size boundary. Applies to data within View Boundaries only.

Cm. % Conc Cumulative % concentration is the same as cumulative concentration but displayed as a percentage of the total concentration. Applies to data within View Boundaries only.

Particle Density

Used in the mass and d50 calculations. Set to 1.0 (g/cm3) by

default.

OK Return to main screen. Graph and statistics will be updated based on your selections.

Cancel Return to main screen and cancel any changes to y-axis settings.


Notes:

Y-axis settings only impact data and statistics on the SMPS screen.

They do not affect inverted data and statistics exported from the

classifier. Exported data will always use Number weighting and units of

dN/dlogDp concentration.

A size distribution displaying Raw Counts is not one of the y-axis

options. For a size distribution displaying Raw Counts, export data as a

.TIM file and import into Aerosol Instrument Manager software.

Scan Status Bar

Scan status is indicated on the main screen beneath the graph. Scan and

sample indices and elapsed time of the current scan are shown. If the scan

is set up with a Repeat Every interval or a delayed Start Time, the

remaining wait time will also displayed. The status in the example below

indicates that the scan in progress is the first of three averaged scans,

which are part of the fourth of ten samples, and that 65 of 75 seconds have

elapsed for the current scan.

Displaying a Cursor

To display a cross-hairs cursor on the graph, touch the screen within the

current size range (defined by the light-blue vertical lines). The center of

the cross hairs is placed on the point where you touched the graph. The

cursor statistics replace the previous data in the Statistics pane.


Touch the buttons to move the cursor to the previous or next data

channel. You can also touch the data display area with a stylus to move

the cursor. To hide the cursor, press the button. The cursor will also

disappear if the Start (green) button is pressed. The following cursor

information is displayed in the Cursor pane:

The amplitude of the selected channel (1.85e05 #/cm3 in the

figure above).

The midpoint of the selected channel (113.4 nm in the figure above).

The units used in the Cursor pane follow the units on the x- and y-axes.

Scan Statistics Pane

Scan statistics are displayed in the Statistics pane at the upper right of the

screen. They apply to data within the View Boundaries.

Statistics include:

Total concentration in #/cm3.

Geometric mean.

Geometric standard deviation.

The units used in the Statistics pane follow the units, weights, and

resolution selections on the X and Y axes settings menus.

C a u t i o n

The statistics in the Statistics pane may not be identical to the statistics

in the exported data, since the exported data calculations use fixed

weights (Number), units (dN/dlogDp), and resolution (64 ch/decade),

and are based on the full scanned size range.


Viewing Settings

You can view all your selected settings including hardware,

scan, flow, correction, gas, scheduling, date and time,

communications, x-axis, and y-axis settings on one screen. To

view the settings, touch the information button on the main screen and

use your finger or a stylus to scroll through the displayed settings.


U s i n g t h e S e t u p S c r e e n Use the Setup screen to view details about peripheral instrumentation,

change scan and scheduling parameters, change reference gas

parameters, set the date and time, calibrate the touch-screen display,

specify communication options, see information about the instrument, view

diagnostic information, calibrate impactor and sheath flow rates, zero

differential pressure sensor, restore factory default settings, set up logging

options, and export data. Figure 5-7 below shows the Classifier mode

Setup screen.

Figure 5-7 Electrostatic Classifier Setup Screen

The Setup screen options are listed in Table 5-5 and described on the

following pages.

Table 5-5

Electrostatic Classifier Setup Screen Options

Option Description

Properties Edit the SMPS spectrometer hardware configuration, scan

and scheduling parameters, and reference gas parameters.

Device Set the date and time, calibrate the touch-screen display,

specify communication options, see information about the

instrument, and view diagnostic information.

Calibration Calibrate the impactor and sheath flow rates, zero the

differential pressure sensor, and restore factory default

settings.

Data Export Export or delete internally logged data.

Logging Options Set up logging options such as whether raw data is saved,

where data is saved (to USB flash drive or to internal SD card),

and delimiter options.


Viewing and Setting Properties

Properties options allow you to view and edit the SMPS spectrometer

hardware configuration, set up scan scheduling, and make changes to the

sheath flow gas parameters. The Properties screen can be entered either

from the Setup screen or from the SMPS screen by clicking on the

Properties shortcut button .

Figure 5-8 Electrostatic Classifier Properties Tabs

Note: The Scan, Schedule, and Flow tabs are not available if a DMA and

detector are not connected.

Flow Tab

To set the flow, follow these instructions:

1. Touch the Flow tab on the Properties screen. Set sheath flow and

bypass flow (not common, not used with Long DMA or in combination

with any impactors).

Aerosol flow

rate is defined

as the slit

aerosol flow

rate of the

DMA. If no

impactor is

installed,

aerosol flow

rate will

default to the

CPC inlet flow

rate (most

common). If

the flow rate

of the

monodisperse aerosol exiting the DMA differs from the CPC inlet flow

rate (such as when the flow equalizer accessory is being used), enter

the adjusted aerosol flow rate.


If an impactor

is installed,

the aerosol

flow rate

defaults to the

flow rate

measured by

the impactor.

To override

this, select

Manual Input

and manually

enter the

aerosol flow

rate.

Size Range is reported for informational purposes. Size Range is

configured from the Scan tab.

Note: An SMPS scan cannot be initiated if the sheath flow is turned

off (set to 0). If sheath flow is off, the SMPS screen will have a

red warning message on the main screen that says that the

sheath flow must be set.

2. Touch OK to save your selections.

Scan Tab

To set the scan

options, follow

these instructions:

1. Touch the

Scan tab on

the Properties

screen.


Field Description

Scan(s) Set the duration of the scan in seconds. Touch the field and enter the time from the on-screen keyboard.

Retrace(s) Is read-only and indicates the time in seconds required for the system to reinitialize following a scan.

Purge(s) Set the length of time in seconds to purge sample from the system before the next scan begins. The default setting is 10 seconds and the minimum setting is 3 seconds. If you select a time <15 sec you may see artifacts of a previous scan.

2. The td(sec), tf(sec), and D50(nm) are read-only fields for

informational purposes only.

td Also called delay time, is the time it takes for the aerosol to

travel from the exit slit of the DMA to the sensing region of the

CPC. It depends on the DMA, CPC, and sample tube length,

among other things. Adjustments to td in order to fine-tune

size accuracy can be done in Aerosol Instrument Manager

software.

tf Is the calculated time for the aerosol to flow through the

sample column of the classifier. The calculation of tf is based

on the classifier’s sheath air flow rate, the polydisperse

aerosol flow rate, and the geometry of the classifier.

D50 Is the cut-point diameter of the impactor. This is the diameter

at which the penetration efficiency of the impactor is 50

percent. The SMPS algorithm takes this into account and

ignores the contribution of all particles larger than the impactor

D50. The D50 depends on impactor type, aerosol flow rate, and

particle density, among other things.

3. The Size Range maximum is reported by default. Size range depends

upon settings including the scan time, sheath flow, and DMA type. The

size range can be adjusted inward for higher resolution scanning. If

desired, adjust the size for the lower and upper limits of the particle

size range using the Lower(nm) and Upper(nm) fields, respectively.

Or touch Set to Max Range at any time to reset the range to the

maximum size range.

Note: The range automatically sets to max range when changes are

made to scan parameters.

4. Touch OK to save your settings.


Schedule Tab

The Schedule tab

contains all scan

scheduling

options.

Option Description

Scan Time (m:s) Time required to complete a scan. Includes scan time, retrace time, and purge time (see section on Scan Tab).

Scans per Sample

User-selectable. 1 scan per sample is typical. If a number greater than 1 is chosen, the classifier will report the average of all scans in the sample in the logged data.

Note: The graphical data will still show the current scan data.

Number of Samples

Number of samples in a sample set. This is the number of consecutive samples that will be taken when the Start button is pressed. User-selectable.

Total Sample Time

Total time required to complete a sample set.

Only Once/Repeat Every (toggle)

Only Once is checked by default. This means that the SMPS spectrometer will stop sampling after the scheduled sample set completes. The Repeat Every feature is used to run continuous sample sets.

Note: The Total Sample Time must be less than 24 hours in order to use this feature, and the Repeat Every time must be at least 10 seconds greater than Total Sample time.

Start Time Delayed start feature. Set the time at which you want the SMPS spectrometer to begin sampling. Start Time is the clock start time in 24hr format (i.e., 13:30 is 1:30 PM).

Note If Start Time is less than the current clock time, it will take effect the following day.


Option Description

External Trigger Check the checkbox to enable. When enabled, the SMPS spectrometer will accept start and stop triggers through the digital I/O port on the back of the classifier. See the Communication Ports section in Chapter 4 for details on how to configure an external trigger.

Notes Use the alphanumeric on-screen keyboard to associate a note with subsequent scans (254 character limit). The note will be attached to all subsequent scans and can be viewed on this screen or in the exported data.

Notes: The Notes field is cleared at power-down.

If the notes field already has entries, make sure the Shift key is

deselected to edit a portion of the note.

A carriage return in the Notes field is represented as back-to-

back pipe symbols || in exported data files.


Hardware Tab

In typical usage of an SMPS 3938 spectrometer, the peripheral hardware

(detector, DMA, impactor, neutralizer) is auto-recognized. However, in

some situations, an override of the default configuration may be required.

The Hardware tab allows you to override these as necessary.

To set the peripheral hardware configuration, follow these instructions:

1. Touch the Hardware tab on the Properties screen.

Figure 5-9 Electrostatic Classifier Properties Screen–Hardware Tab

2. Touch the DMA drop-down field and select an option from the list. You

can use this option if your Model 3081 or 3085 DMA has not yet been

upgraded for auto-recognition.

The DMA voltage supply polarity is noted as either Neg (negative, TSI

Model 308200) or Neg/Pos (negative and positive, TSI Model 308202).

Notes: If the system recognizes the installed DMA, you will not be able

to override the setting.

You can enter settings for a custom DMA through a terminal

emulation program (see Setting Up a Custom DMA).

3. Touch the Impactor drop-down field and select an option from the list

(0.0457, 0.0508, and 0.0710 impactors). This is a useful option if the

auto-recognition feature of the impactor is not functional, or if a 3080-

style impactor of the same orifice size is being used. When the

impactor is selected, the classifier uses a default calibration curve to

calculate aerosol flow rate.

Note: If the system recognizes the installed impactor, you will not be

able to override the setting.

4. Touch the Neutralizer drop-down field and select an option from the

list. This is useful if the neutralizer is being run external to the classifier.


Notes: If the system recognizes the installed neutralizer, you will not

be able to override the setting.

Exported data files will show Neutralizer Status “Off” in case of

external use of 3087/3088.

5. The Detector field is a read-only field: the system displays the

currently connected detector. You cannot override the setting.

6. Touch the Flow drop-down field and select either Low or High to set

the detector (CPC) flow rate. These flow rates depend upon your

detector. Alternatively, you can also make this selection on the display

of the detector. The field is disabled if no detector is connected, or if

the 3772 CPC is connected as it only has 1 flow rate.

7. Touch the Tube Length field. On the resulting on-screen keyboard,

select numbers to specify the length of the tube between the DMA and

the detector (in centimeters) and press Enter. The range is 1 to

100 cm and the default tube length is 25.4 cm (10 inches).

Figure 5-10 Electrostatic Classifier Properties Screen–Tube Length

8. Press OK to leave the Properties screen.


Gas Tab

The temperature and pressure displayed in gas properties are read from

the internal sheath flow temperature and pressure sensors. The Mean Free

Path and Gas Viscosity are calculated using these measurements based

on default gas properties for air. To manually override the internal

measurements of the classifier, or to edit the gas properties, follow these

instructions:

1. Touch the Gas tab on the Properties screen. The temperature and

pressure are updated every second unless Manual Input is selected.

Figure 5-11 Electrostatic Classifier Properties Screen – Gas Tab

2. To enter in sheath flow temperature and pressure manually, touch the

Manual Input checkbox. The allowable temperature range is 273.15 to

323.15 K (0 to 50°C), and the allowable pressure range is 70 to

120 kPa.


3. To change the information on the Gas Reference screen, touch the

Reference Gas Properties button. By default the values shown

represent gas parameters for air. If the sheath flow rate gas is

something other than air (uncommon, must be externally controlled),

enter the relevant parameters for that environment on this screen.

Figure 5-12 Electrostatic Classifier Gas Reference Screen

4. Touch Get Defaults for Air to reset the reference gas parameters to

those for air.

Viewing and Setting Device Options

Device options allow you to set the date and time, calibrate the touch-

screen display, specify communication options, see information about the

instrument, and view diagnostic information. Figure 5-13 below shows the

Device options screen.

Figure 5-13 Electrostatic Classifier Device Options Screen


Date and Time

To set the date and time, follow these instructions:

1. In the Date: field, to specify a Date, either press the drop-down arrow

(▼) and select a date from the resulting on-screen calendar, or touch

the numbers in the field and then select a date from the on-screen

keypad.

Figure 5-14 Electrostatic Classifier Date and Time Screens

2. In the Time: field, to specify a Time, use the arrows (◄►) to select a

time or touch the numbers in the field then select a time from the on-

screen keypad.

3. Touch the 24 Hour box to specify a 24-hour date format.

4. To choose the Date Format (MM/DD/YYYY, DD/MM/YYYY,

YYYY/DD/MM, or YYYY/MM/DD) press the arrows (▲▼) to toggle

between the options.

5. Touch OK to send the values to the system or Cancel to cancel the

values.


Display

TSI performs touch-screen calibrations on all new Electrostatic Classifiers.

Calibration is sensitive to viewing angle and a recalibration may be

appropriate in some applications. To redo touch screen calibration on the

Display screen, follow these instructions:

2. Press the Touch Screen Alignment button.

Figure 5-15 Electrostatic Classifier Display Screen

3. Using the stylus, touch the center of the crosshairs icon positioned at

the lower right of the screen until the icon moves.

4. Repeat step 2 for each corner of the screen (moving in a clockwise

direction) and finally, the icon in the center of the screen.

5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 if necessary, until you see a new calibration

screen.

6. Press the display screen to confirm the recalibration.

7. Press Close to return to the previous screen.


Information

The information screen displays the following information:

Instrument Model number.

Instrument Serial number.

Instrument Manufacturer.

Last calibration date.

Firmware version number.

USB IP Address.

Figure 5-16 Electrostatic Classifier Information Screen



Diagnostics

The diagnostics screen shows a variety of measurements monitored on-

board the classifier, many of which trigger warning or error conditions if

limits are exceeded. Table 5-6 contains a brief description of each

diagnostic. Values outside the acceptable range are displayed in either red

or yellow on the instrument screen. See the Error Messages section of this

chapter for acceptable ranges.

Figure 5-17 Electrostatic Classifier Diagnostics Screen

Table 5-6

Electrostatic Classifier Diagnostic Screen

Diagnostic Description

DMA Current (µA) Actual current supplied to DMA center rod.

DMA Voltage (V) Actual voltage on DMA center rod.

DMA Setting (V) Setpoint of voltage on DMA center rod.

Sheath Flow (L/min) Sheath flow rate measured by internal flowmeter.

Sheath Drive (%) Percent of maximum allowable sheath current (3A).

Sheath Temp (°C) Temperature of sheath flow measured by internal

flowmeter.

Sheath RH (%) Relative Humidity of sheath flow measured immediately

upstream of Sheath + port.

Blower Run Time (h) Time in hours that sheath flow blower has been on.

Sheath Press (kPa) Barometric pressure of sheath flow, measured internally.

Sheath Current (A) Current drawn by sheath flow blower.

Impactor Flow

(L/min)

Aerosol inlet flow as measured at inlet. Shows zero if no

impactor is installed.

Impactor dP (kPa) Delta pressured measured at inlet. Should be nearly zero if

no impactor is installed.

3088 Run Time (h) Number of hours a 3088 neutralizer has been ionizing.

Shows 0 if no 3088 is installed.


Diagnostic Description

Cabinet Temp (°C) Internal temperature of instrument, measured on sensor

PCB.

Inst On Time (h) Time in hours that the instrument has been powered on.

Internal Avail (KB) Memory available for logging on the internal SD Flash card

(in kilobytes).

Internal Avail (%) Percentage of memory available for logging on the internal

SD Flash card.

External Avail (KB) Memory available for logging on an external USB drive (in

kilobytes). If no USB drive is recognized, value will be

shown as 0.

External Avail (%) Percentage of memory available for logging on an external

USB drive. If no USB drive is recognized, value will be

shown as 0.0.

RAM Avail (KB) Internal RAM available.

Communication

Use the Communications screen to configure the IP address, subnet, and

default gateway to which the instrument belongs. Addresses can be

entered using the arrows or by selecting a field and using the on-screen

keypad.

Notes: The USB IP Address is fixed and is unique to the instrument.

TCP/IP is an industry standard networking protocol that allows

computers and devices to communicate over Ethernet and other

media access channels. Providing full details on how to configure

an IP network is beyond the scope of this manual. Please contact

your company’s IT department or a qualified networking

professional if you are not qualified to configure such a network.

Figure 5-18 Electrostatic Classifier Communications Screen

1. In the IP Address, Subnet Mask or Default Gateway: field, to specify

an address, use the arrows (▲▼) to select a value or touch the

numbers in the field then select a value from the on-screen keypad.


2. Touch OK to send the values to the system or Cancel to cancel the

values.

3. A reboot is required to make any changes permanent.

Field Description

Use DHCP When checked, this protocol is used to automatically obtain the information necessary for operation from a DHCP server running on your local network. When unchecked the other controls become active and you can configure your own network parameters.

IP Address The numerical identification (logical address) that is assigned to this device when participating in a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes.

Subnet Mask A network of computers and devices that have a common, designated IP address routing prefix.

Default Gateway A node on the computer network that serves as an access point to another network and is chosen when the IP address does not belong to any other entities in the Routing Table.

Logging Data

In SMPS mode, sample data can either be logged externally to a USB flash

drive or logged internally to memory. Assuming the Enable Logging option

is on (recommended), data from each sample set is saved to a text file.

Separate files exist for each sample set. For sample sets extending across

multiple days, a new file is started for each day. Since scan times of less

than 10s are possible, a single file can contain the data for as many as

10000 scans.

While external logging is preferred to avoid long transfer times (see

Table 5-6), there is 1 GB of space is available on internal flash (increased

to 8 GB on units shipped after February 2014).

C a u t i o n

File transfer rate decreases as the number of files increases. While

transfer of 200 files may take less than a minute, transfer of 2000 files

may take 30 minutes or longer. Therefore, it is recommended that you

purge your data frequently (once a month or more) to avoid long

transfer times, or uncheck the Log to Internal Memory option to log

directly to a USB flash drive instead.


The Logging Options screen allows you to set up data logging options.

Figure 5-19 below shows the Logging Options screen.

Figure 5-19 Electrostatic Classifier Logging Options Screen

To log data, follow these instructions:

1. On the Setup screen, touch Logging Options.

2. Touch Enable Logging to allow data to be logged (default setting).

Inverted data is logged to a .txt file. If Enable Logging is unchecked,

sample data will not be saved in any format.

3. To specify a Delimiter for the inverted logged data, touch Tab,

Comma, or Semicolon. Tab delimiter is recommended to avoid

unintentional delimiting of any text in the Notes field which might use

commas or semicolons.

4. To specify a Decimal Symbol for the inverted logged data, touch Dot

or Comma.

Note: You cannot select comma for both the delimiter and the decimal

symbol. If you have specified a comma delimiter and then select

a comma decimal symbol, the delimiter changes.

5. Touch Log Raw Data to enable the logging of raw data in addition to

the inverted data. A .TIM file containing raw counts will be saved in

addition to the .txt file (see next section for details about .TIM files).

6. Touch Log to Internal Memory to log the data to the internal memory,

or leave unchecked to log to external USB drive (preferred). An on-

screen message tells you how much logging memory is available on

the destination drive. If box is unchecked and an external drive is not

detected, the message will report a value of 0.0.

7. Touch OK to save your settings or Cancel to cancel them.

Note: If Log to Internal Memory box is unchecked but no flash drive

is present when the start button is pressed, the classifier will

automatically check the box and switch to log to internal

memory.


Inverted Data vs. Raw Data

If Enable Logging is checked, size distribution data from each completed

sample will be logged to a .txt file. The size distribution is logged as

dN/dlogDp Concentration (#/cc) vs. size (nm). The file will be identical to

the row format export option in the Aerosol Instrument Manager software,

with the exception that the weighting and units in the inverted data file are

fixed while the weighting and units in the Aerosol Instrument Manager

software export file are selectable. In addition to the sample data, the

inverted data file contains all SMPS scan parameters including gas

parameters, corrections states, hardware configuration, and scheduling

configuration.

Figure 5-20 Sample Inverted Data Export File

If Enable Logging and Log Raw Data are both checked, a .TIM file

containing raw counts will be saved in addition to the .txt file. Raw data

from each completed scan will be logged to the .TIM file. The .TIM file

differs from the .txt file in that the size distribution is logged as CPC counts

vs. time (at the CPC sampling rate of 50 Hz) instead of concentration vs.

size, and raw data is saved on a per-scan basis instead of a per-sample

basis. The primary purpose of the .TIM file is for import into the Aerosol

Instrument Manager software, but it can be opened as a .txt file for other

purposes as well. Similar to the inverted data file, it also contains all SMPS

scan parameters.

C a u t i o n

When importing a .TIM file into Aerosol Instrument Manager software,

version 10.1 or higher should be used to ensure that the inversion

algorithm used by the software is identical to the inversion algorithm

used by the classifier.


Figure 5-21 A Sample Raw Data Export File

Table 5-7

Inverted Data vs. Raw Data Comparison

Feature Inverted Data Raw Data

Extension .txt .TIM

Sample data dN/dlogDp vs. size CPC counts vs. time

Resolution 64 channels/decade 50 Hz

Records stored Per-sample Per-scan

Contains SMPS scan parameters and hardware configuration

Yes Yes


Feature Inverted Data Raw Data

Suitable for import into Aerosol Instrument Manager

No Yes

Approximate file size 1kB per sample 2kB per second

New file creation First completed sample after Start button is pressed, OR first completed sample after midnight

First completed scan after Start button is pressed, OR first completed sample after midnight

Size channel format Channel midpoint

(1 to 1000 nm)

Channel index

(0 to 191)

Time delay format Td + 0.5 Td

Status and errors format Text string Hexi-decimal

(refer to RMSTATUS, RMERRORS, and RMDETERRORS

Exporting Data

The Data Export screen allows you to save logged data to a USB storage

device or clear data from the instrument’s internal memory. The Classifier

is compatible with USB storage devices that use FAT, FAT32, and exFAT

file formats. The Classifier will not recognize USB storage devices

formatted as NTFS.

Figure 5-22 below shows the Data Export screen.

Figure 5-22 Electrostatic Classifier Data Export Screen

To save or clear logged data, follow these instructions:

1. Connect a USB storage device into the USB Type A port on the side of

the instrument.

2. On the Setup screen, touch Data Export.


3. In the resulting screen, touch Save Logged Data to save all logged

data to the flash drive. This may take several minutes, depending on

the number of files being transferred. Progress will be indicated in %

complete.

Note: While exporting data, the Aerosol Instrument Manager

software will not recognize the instrument. If you need to

connect to the Aerosol Instrument Manager software, wait until

data transfer is complete.

4. Once data is transferred, touch Clear Logged Data to clear all data

from the instrument’s memory. This may take several minutes,

depending on the number of files being deleted. Progress will be

indicated in % complete.

5. Touch Back to return to the previous screen.

Possible error messages related to Data Export are shown below:

Message Description

Please connect a USB flash drive to the instrument.

USB flash drive not recognized or not installed.

USB transfer interrupted

Unable to complete transfer of data.

Insufficient space on USB flash drive.

The size of the total logged data stored in internal flash memory is greater than the logging memory available on the external USB drive.

There is no data to transfer.

No data stored in internal flash memory.

Inverted data uses about 1 kB of memory per sample, regardless of scan

time or # of scans per sample. Raw data uses about 2 kB of memory per

second per scan, i.e., a 30s scan will use about 60 kB of memory.

For transfer of less than 256 files, the data export rate from internal flash to

external USB drive is 190 kb/sec but can be as low as 70 kb/sec

depending on USB drive type and % available memory.

Approximate time required to complete data export is shown below for

continuous sampling periods of 1 hour, 24 hours, and 14 days. These

approximations are based on 190 kb/sec data rate, 30s scan time, 3 scans

per sample averaging, and an average sample concentration of 3000 #/cc.

Table 5-8

Approximate Data Transfer Times

Logging Option

Data from 1 hour of continuous sampling

Data from 24 hours of continuous sampling

Data from 14 days of continuous sampling

Inverted data 1 second 5 seconds 2 minutes

Inverted and raw data

10 seconds 4 minutes 90 minutes


C a u t i o n

Approximately 16,000 files can be created in a single directory of the

internal flash memory. Once this limit is reached, successive samples

will not be saved.

Performing Calibrations

The Calibration screen allows either the manufacturer or the user to

perform an instrument calibration, check the calibration, or return the

calibration to factory defaults. Performing a User Calibration allows you to

check or calibrate sheath and impactor flow rates. You may also zero the

differential pressure. Figure 5-23 below shows the Classifier mode

Calibration screen.

Figure 5-23 Electrostatic Classifier Calibration Screen

Performing a User Calibration

Perform sheath and impactor flow calibrations and check the accuracy of

existing calibrations with the User Calibration screen.

Sheath Flow

The sheath flow rate is measured and controlled internally by a thermal

mass flowmeter. It is calibrated to ±2% at the factory, as shown on the

classifier’s Certificate of Calibration. Sheath flow recalibration may be

necessary if the flowmeter has been replaced or if a sheath gas other than

air is being used. To perform a sheath flow calibration, follow these

instructions:

1. For best results (more stable flow), install a DMA to add back pressure

to the system.


2. Disconnect the Sheath Flow + tubing from the DMA and connect it to

a reference flowmeter with a flow accuracy of ± 2% or better over the

range of 2 to 30 L/min, such as a Gilibrator®

meter.

3. Connect the Sheath Flow – port on the classifier to the Sheath Flow –

port on the DMA if not already connected.

4. From the classifier Setup screen navigate to Calibration > User

Calibration. Select the Sheath Flow tab.

Figure 5-24 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Sheath Flow Tab


5. To perform a calibration, set the Sheath flow to the first flow calibration

point by pressing the corresponding Setpoint button. The Raw and

Classifier data fields populate, the Reference cell for that row is

activated, and an onscreen keypad appears.

Note: Typically the calibration is performed from the smallest to the

largest flow setpoint; however, the order in which the reference

flow values are recorded is not important as long as the flows

are stable.

Figure 5-25 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Sheath Flow Setpoint button

6. Monitor the flow rate shown in the Classifier cell for 10 seconds or

until the flow rate stabilizes. Record the value from the reference flow

device (to two decimal places) in the Reference field using the

onscreen keypad and press ENTER.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for each of the flow setpoints, until you have

entered a valid Reference flow value for each setpoint.

Figure 5-26 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Sheath Flow Setpoint Values


8. When all the data has been added, again press the currently selected

setpoint button to stop flow.

9. The Calibrate button becomes active. To recalibrate the flow rate,

press Calibrate. The Classifier column is recalculated based on the

new calibration curve. The Error (%) column indicates the accuracy of

the new calibration curve. An onscreen message tells you the

calibration is complete and has been saved to the instrument.

Figure 5-27 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Calibration Saved to Instrument

10. Touch OK to save or Clear to the data.

Check Existing Calibration

If you do not want to re-calibrate flow, but instead want to check the

accuracy of your current calibration, use the Check button to verify an

existing calibration. To check a calibration, follow these instructions:

1. For best results (more stable flow), install a DMA to add back pressure

to the system.


2. Disconnect the Sheath Flow + tubing from the DMA and connect it to

a reference flowmeter with a flow accuracy of ± 2% or better over the

range of 2 to 30 L/min, such as a Gilibrator® meter.

3. Connect the Sheath Flow – port on the classifier to the Sheath Flow –

port on the DMA if not already connected.

4. From the classifier Setup screen navigate to Calibration > User

Calibration. Select the Sheath Flow tab.

Figure 5-28 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Sheath Flow Tab

5. To check calibration at a specific flow rate, set the sheath flow to the

flow rate of interest by pressing the corresponding Setpoint button. The

Raw and Classifier data fields populate, the Reference cell for that

row is activated, and an onscreen keypad appears.


6. Monitor the flow rate shown in the Classifier cell for 10 seconds or

until the flow rate stabilizes. Record the value from the reference flow


onscreen keypad and press Enter.

Figure 5-29 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Reference Field

7. Repeat step 5 and 6 for all desired flow rates then press the Check

button. The Error (%) column indicates the accuracy of your current

calibration. Generally errors within ±2% indicate an acceptable

calibration; however, a wider tolerance range may be acceptable for

some applications.

8. If necessary, recalibrate the sheath flow to match your reference

device.



Impactor Differential Pressure

The differential pressure sensor has some sensitivity to temperature. The

sensor should therefore be zeroed occasionally. It is also good practice to

zero the pressure sensor before you perform an impactor calibration. To

zero the differential pressure sensor, follow these instructions:

1. Disconnect the DMA and the classifier from any flow sources to ensure

zero flow through the classifier inlet.

2. From the classifier Setup screen > Calibration > User Calibration >

the dP tab. Touch Zero dP. You will see a message telling you that

you have set the dP offset.

Figure 5-30 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–dP Tab



Impactor Flow

Aerosol flow rate is measured by the impactor by measuring the differential

pressure (dP) across the impactor orifice. Since the measurement is based

on dP it is sensitive to inlet gas conditions, and; therefore, the impactor

should be recalibrated if your inlet gas conditions are much different than

the conditions shown on the impactor’s Certificate of Calibration received

from the factory. To perform an Impactor flow calibration, follow these

instructions:

1. Install the impactor that

you wish to calibrate.

The impactor must be

fully assembled (with

impaction plate).

2. Connect the

Polydisperse Flow

outlet to the Sheath

Flow – port on the side

of the classifier using

lengths of ¼-inch and

3/8-inch tubing. A 3/8”-

to-1/4” reducing tube

adapter (not provided)

may be necessary to

ensure a good

connection between the

two lengths of tube.

3. Disconnect tubing from

the Sheath Flow + port

on the classifier so that

it is open to ambient.

4. Connect a reference

flowmeter to the inlet

of the impactor. The

Reference flowmeter

should have an

accuracy of ± 2% or

better over the range

of 0.2 to 2.0 L/min,

such as a Gilibrator®

meter.

5. From the classifier

Setup screen >

Calibration > User

Calibration > the

Impactor Flow tab.

The SN: (serial

number) and Size:

(impactor size) fields

are automatically

populated.


6. To perform a calibration, set the impactor flow to the first flow

calibration point by pressing the corresponding Setpoint button. The

Actual and Classifier cells populate, the Reference cell for that row is

activated, and an onscreen keypad appears.

Note: Typically the calibration is performed from the smallest to the

largest flow setpoint; however the order in which the reference

flow values are recorded is not important.

Figure 5-31 Electrostatic Classifier User Calibration Screen–Impactor Flow Tab

7. Monitor the flow rate shown in the Classifier cell for 10 seconds or until

the flow rate stabilizes. Record the value from the reference flow


onscreen keypad and press ENTER.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for each of the flow setpoints, until you have

entered a valid Reference flow value for each setpoint.

9. When all the data has been added, press the active setpoint button

again to turn the flow off.

10. The Calibrate button becomes active. If you want to recalibrate the

flow rate, press Calibrate. The Classifier column is recalculated

based on the new calibration curve. The Error (%) column indicates

the accuracy of the new calibration curve. An onscreen message tells

you the calibration is complete and has been saved to the impactor.

11. To calibrate another impactor, remove the current impactor and insert

the next impactor. Press the Clear button in between calibrations in

order to clear data from the previous calibration.


Out of Range Warning

If the calibration curve is outside of the range expected for that impactor

size, a message will appear when the Calibrate button is pressed:

Figure 5-32 Electrostatic Classifier Calibration out of Range Warning

If you get this message, it may indicate a dirty nozzle or a leak in the

impactor.

Check Existing Calibration

If you do not want to re-calibrate flow, but instead want to check the

accuracy of your current calibration, use the Check button to verify an

existing calibration at any of the flow setpoints. Similar to checking the

sheath flow calibration (see detailed instructions earlier in this chapter), the

Check feature does not change the calibration of the impactor.

Resetting the Factory Defaults

Use Factory Defaults to clear the sheath and impactor calibration settings

and restore the original calibrations set at the factory. You will lose any

custom calibrations of the sheath flow and impactor.

Since the impactor calibration is stored on the impactor itself, the impactor

must be present to restore the impactor factory calibration. If you wish to

restore impactor factory calibrations on all impactors, you will need to repeat

the Restore Factory Defaults procedure for all impactors separately.


To restore the factory default settings, follow these instructions:

1. Using your finger or a stylus, touch Factory Defaults.

Figure 5-33 Electrostatic Classifier Restore Factory Defaults

2. Touch Sheath Flow and/or Impactor.

Note: The Impactor field is unavailable if no impactor is installed.

3. Touch Restore Factory Defaults. You will be asked to confirm your

action.

4. The following message will display telling you that you have reset the

selected parameters. Touch OK to dismiss the message.

Figure 5-34 Electrostatic Classifier Factory Defaults Restored for Sheath Flow Screen

5. Touch Back to return to the previous screen.


Setting Up a Custom DMA

You can set up a custom DMA by using commands through the Aerosol

Instrument Manager software (requires a CPC be connected) or a terminal

emulation program. (See Appendix C, Terminal Communications.) In either

Aerosol Instrument Manager software or a terminal emulation program, use

the following commands:

WSCUSTOMDMALENGTH Enter the command followed by the length of the DMA in meters. Example: WSCUSTOMDMALENGTH 4.4369e-3 where the DMA length is 0.44369 m.

WSCUSTOMDMAID Enter the command followed by the inner diameter of the DMA in millimeters. Example: WSCUSTOMDMAID 1.874e-2 where the DMA inner diameter is 0.01874 m.

WSCUSTOMDMAOD Enter the command followed by the outer diameter of the DMA in millimeters. Example: WSCUSTOMDMAOD 3.922e-2 where the DMA outer diameter is 0.03922 m.

WSCUSTOMDMATYPE Enter 1 for a cylindrical DMA or 2 for a radial DMA. Example: WSCUSTOMDMATYPE 1.

DOREGSAVE Enter to save the data.


O p e r a t i n g i n E x t e r n a l C o n t r o l M o d e When operated as part of an SMPS system, Aerosol Instrument Manager

software on a PC performs data collection and analysis and has control of

the instrument. When a scan is initiated from a PC using Aerosol

Instrument Manager software, the following screen appears on the

classifier display:

Figure 5-35 Electrostatic Classifier Display Screen for External Control

If the button Return to Local Control is pressed, any Aerosol Instrument

Manager software scan in process will be terminated and the software will

indicate that the classifier has been returned to local control.

For complete details about operating as part of an SMPS system, refer to

the Aerosol Instrument Manager® Software for SMPS™ Instruction Manual

(part number 1930038).


A u t o R e c o v e r y F e a t u r e If the classifier is sampling in SMPS mode and a power failure occurs,

sampling will resume when power returns.

For auto recovery to occur, the following must be true:

The classifier must be in SMPS mode, not in external control mode

using the Aerosol Instrument Manager software.

A sample must be in progress when power failure occurs.

Power must return to both the classifier and detector.

The classifier must still be connected to the detector when power

returns.

If these conditions

are met, upon power-

on, the following

screen will appear:

Most settings are preserved after auto recovery. The behavior of the

instrument after auto recovery is detailed below:

All scan parameters (hardware settings, gas parameters, scan time,

etc.) are preserved after auto-recovery.

Sample and scan indices restart at 1 when sampling resumes.

Sample data will be saved to a new text file when sampling resumes.

Sampling will resume immediately after power returns. Auto recovery

does not take into account a delayed start time.

Text in the Notes field will be replaced with the text “Recovered from

power failure.” This text will stay in the notes field until it is overwritten

by the user or until the next power cycle.

Graph viewing settings such as units, weights, and view boundaries

may not be preserved after auto-recovery.

If you discover that your instrument has recovered from a power failure, it

is recommended that you stop sampling in order to clear the “Recovered

from power failure” text from the Notes field.

Note: Sample records immediately following an auto-recovery will often

contain errors due to the stabilization and warm-up times required

by the system.


S h u t t i n g O f f t h e E l e c t r o s t a t i c C l a s s i f i e r To shut off the Electrostatic Classifier, follow these instructions:

1. Press the power button on the front panel.

2. In the resulting dialog box, select Yes.

C a u t i o n

Although there is a rocker switch on the back of the instrument, it is

recommended that the front panel power button be used to safely shut

down the classifier to avoid the possibility for a loss of data.

Note: It is not necessary to turn off the instrument using the rocker

switch on the back of the instrument in addition to shutting off

the classifier from the front panel.

6-1

C H A P T E R 6 Maintenance, Serv ice , and Troubleshoot ing

This chapter describes recommended maintenance procedures for the

Electrostatic Classifier and is intended to be used by a trained service

technician.

The frequency of routine maintenance procedures depends upon the

frequency of use of the instrument and the operating conditions. A

suggested maintenance schedule is listed in Table 6-2.

If you contact TSI for assistance, please have the classifier close to the

telephone when discussing the problem with a TSI technician.

W A R N I N G

Service and Maintenance procedures described in this section should only be performed by a qualified, trained service technician.

You can purchase a 3082R-MAINT Model 3082 Maintenance Kit to

perform routine maintenance procedures on your classifier. Table 6-1 lists

the components contained in the maintenance kit.

Table 6-1

3082R-MAINT Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier Maintenance Kit


1 840620 Sheath flowmeter

1 1602071 Filter media for fan guard

2 1602051 3082 inline HEPA filter

2 1030389 DMA Dacron Screen Assembly

5 6006389 1-025 O-rings (3082 inlet internal radial seal)

5 6006680 1-207 conductive O-rings (inlet/impactor face seal)

5 2501605 1-017 O-rings (impaction plate external radial seal)

5 2501014 1-014 O-rings (DMA center rod)

5 2501010 1-010 O-rings (used in DMA and 3082 maintenance)


Table 6-2

Electrostatic Classifier Maintenance Schedule

Hours of Operation Maintenance Task

5 to 50 Clean the impactor. (See Cleaning the Impactor, below)

4000 Clean the mobility analyzer center rod and outer electrode in the Electrostatic Classifier (see Cleaning the DMA Electrodes, below)

4000 Perform O-ring maintenance (see Replacing Impactor O-rings and Greasing O-rings, below)

8000 Replace the filter cartridges in the Electrostatic Classifier (See Replacing the Inline Filters, below)

8000 Clean the DMA Dacron screen (see Cleaning/Changing the DMA Dacron Screen, below)

8000 Clean the neutralizer (See separate neutralizer manuals)

8000 Calibrate the classifier sheath flow (see Chapter 5, Performing a User Calibration).

8000 Replace CPC filter cartridges (See separate CPC manuals)

Recommended Cleaning Solutions

The external surfaces of the 3082 may require cleaning time-to-time.

Isopropanol or soapy water can be used to clean the classifier (display,

chassis, impactor, DMA). Dampen a cloth with cleaning solution to apply.

In order to prevent dripping or overspray into instrument, do not spray on.

Do not use any abrasive materials, aromatic solvents (toluene, xylene), or

ketonic solvents (ketone or acetone) as these may cause damage to the

display and/or the painted chassis.

Cleaning the Impactor

The primary purpose of the impactor is removal of particles above a

specific size. Over time, particle loading on the impaction plate influences

the pressure drop across the nozzle and; therefore, particle measurements

due to particle re-entrainment. The impactor must; therefore, be cleaned at

intervals of 5 to 50 hrs, depending upon the inlet aerosol particle

concentration.

To clean the impactor, follow these instructions:

1. Grasp the impactor, twist counterclockwise, and pull it out of the

aerosol inlet.

Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting 6-3

2. Separate the impactor body from the impaction plate by pulling the two

pieces apart.

3. Clean the impaction plate with a soft cloth soaked in isopropanol.

4. In order to prevent particle bounce, apply a thin film of vacuum grease

to the impaction plate. Apply with your finger.

C a u t i o n

If too much grease is used, the pressure drop across the nozzle will be altered.


5. Examine the orifice under a microscope or powerful magnifying glass.

If the orifice is dirty, squirt alcohol through the nozzle until clean.

6. Alternative cleaning methods include immersing the impactor body in

clean soapy water or isopropanol, or soaking it in an ultrasonic bath.

7. Reassemble the impactor.

Replacing Impactor O-Rings

Damaged impactor O-rings can result in poor zero count results, an

incorrect penetration curve, and/or inaccurate differential pressure

measurements. If they are nicked or cut, they should be replaced.

There are three O-rings on the impaction plate; one face-seal and two

radial seal. To replace the three impactor O-rings, follow these instructions:

1. Power off the classifier.

2. If installed, remove the impactor by turning the impactor

counterclockwise.

3. Separate the black impactor body from the impaction plate.

4. Using a pin or a small, slotted screwdriver, remove the two 1-017 radial

O-rings (2501605) from the outside of the impaction plate. Be careful

not to puncture the O-ring during the removal process.


5. Remove the thicker, 1-207 face-seal O-ring (6006680) from the bottom

face of the impaction plate.

6. Remove replacement O-rings and vacuum grease from the 3082

Accessory Kit. Follow the instructions in the Greasing O-rings section

below and smear a small amount of vacuum grease onto the

replacement O-rings.

C a u t i o n

The 1-207 O-ring (6006680) is made of conductive material to ensure that the impactor is grounded to the classifier chassis. It should not be replaced with a substitute 1-207 O-ring.

If you set the O-rings on a dirty surface, they will pick up debris. Perform a visual inspection and remove debris with a clean wipe.

7. Slot new O-rings into the correct grooves in the impactor body.

To replace the 1-025 O-ring (6006389) from the classifier inlet, follow

these instructions:

1. If an impactor or inlet adapter is installed in the inlet of the classifier,

remove it.

2. Locate the O-ring.

Note: It may be helpful to use a light.


3. Using a small slotted screwdriver, remove the O-ring.

C a u t i o n

Do not puncture the O-ring.

4. Grease the replacement O-ring 6006389 and insert into the groove in

the classifier inlet.

Greasing O-rings

Greasing the radial-seal O-rings extends their life. The impactor O-rings

should be greased once a year as part of your routine maintenance

procedures.

To grease the O-rings, follow these instructions:

1. Remove the O-rings from the impactor following the procedure noted

above.

2. Place a small amount of standard vacuum grease on your finger.


3. Grease each O-ring and replace.

Changing the Flag Assembly O-ring

If you find a leak in the flag assembly during a zero count test or leak

check, change the flag assembly O-ring.

To change the flag assembly 2501010 O-ring, follow these instructions:

1. Locate the O-ring in the flag assembly.

2. Using a pin or small slotted screwdriver, remove the O-ring.

C a u t i o n

Do not puncture the O-ring.

3. Take a new 2501010 O-ring from the Maintenance kit and insert into

the flag assembly.


Removing the Cover

To remove the instrument cover, follow these instructions:

1. Power off the instrument.

2. The cover is attached with eight (8) screws with captive nylon washers.

The bottom two and top three need not be completely removed—just

loosened. Remove the other screws with a Phillips head driver and

save them for reuse.

Note: Leave the captive washers attached to the screws.


3. Tilt and lift off the cover

leaving the five loosened

screws in place.

Replacing the Inline Filters

There are two HEPA sheath flow filters in the classifier: one upstream and

one downstream of the sheath flow blower. Although the sheath flow

blower is powerful enough to overcome significant pressure drop due to

loaded filters, the filters may need periodic replacement.

Note: Inside the classifier, IN and OUT are etched onto the main flow

manifold to indicate the direction of flow. In addition, the filter

manifold has arrows showing filter direction. Match these indicators

to the flow direction shown on the filter label when reinstalling filters.

To change the filters in the sheath air line, follow these instructions:


2. Remove the cover from the classifier (see Removing the Cover).

3. Locate the filter manifold. Using your fingers, remove the two #10

wing nuts and #10 knurled stainless steel nuts.


4. Slide off the manifold.

5. Pull out the two filters, noting the direction of flow marked on the filters.

Note: Arrows on the filters show the direction of flow. The word IN

etched onto the manifold also shows the direction of flow.

6. Replace the filters. Match the direction of flow. The upper filter flow

should be in and the lower filter out.

W A R N I N G

If dirty filters are inserted in the wrong orientation, particles may be pushed back into the instrument.


Replacing the Flowmeter

The flowmeter could be damaged if flow was run in the wrong direction for

a significant period of time or if the instrument was dropped or otherwise

mishandled. A “Sheath flow error” message on the display screen may

indicate a damaged flowmeter. To replace the flowmeter, follow these

instructions:


2. Remove the cover following the instructions at the beginning of this

section (see Removing the Cover).

3. Using a 9/64-inch hex wrench, remove the three 8-32 x 3/8-inch

screws holding the upper flow manifold in place. Save the screws for

reuse.

Note: Use the clearance holes in the upper flange of the instrument

case to access these screws.

4. Lift the upper flow manifold vertically until it separates from the

flowmeter (black).

5. Pull the flowmeter upwards until it separates from the main flow

manifold.


6. Disconnect the ribbon cable from the flowmeter to remove it.

7. Reconnect the ribbon cable to the new flowmeter.

8. Insert the new flowmeter

with the arrow pointing

down and the electrical

connector pointing to the

left (when viewing the

instrument from the front).

Rock the flowmeter into

place; twist if necessary

until the flowmeter is fully

seated.

9. Replace the upper flow

manifold, aligning the bore

to the flowmeter. With a

consistent, but gentle,

force, rock the manifold to

seat the O-ring in place.

10. Using the 9/64-inch hex wrench, replace the three screws you removed

in step 4.

11. Replace the instrument cover.


Cleaning the DMA Electrodes

W A R N I N G

High-voltage is accessible within this instrument. Unplug the power


Unplug the high-voltage cable from the classifier to the DMA before

disassembling the DMA or performing maintenance procedures.

Cleaning the Long DMA Electrodes

During cleaning procedures, refer to Figure 6-1 below.

Figure 6-1 Long DMA: Cleaning the Electrodes (shown with 3081 base plate)


To clean the inner rod and the inside of the outer tube follow these

instructions:

1. Power off the classifier and unplug the power cord.

2. Disconnect the high-voltage connector from the classifier.

3. Disconnect the Polydisperse Flow tube at the top of the Long DMA.

4. Loosen the four screws on the top of the flange about 10 cm below the

top of the LDMA assembly.

W A R N I N G

To prevent sudden disconnection and potential damage, leave the screws one turn from complete removal.

5. Carefully pull up on the assembly above the flange. You may need to

work it back and forth to loosen the O-ring seal.

6. Remove the four screws and save for reuse.

7. Lift the top of the center rod assembly until the rod is completely

removed.

W A R N I N G

Do not scratch the rod and the inside of the tube. A small scratch, nick, or burr can disrupt the DMA electric field and adversely affect DMA performance.

8. Visually inspect the center rod for contamination. If the rod is dirty,

clean it and the inside of the outer tube.

a. Remove the four screws that attach the outer tube to the

base plate.

b. Lift the tube off the base. Inspect the tube for dirt.

9. Wash the collector rod and the inside diameter of the outer tube with a

soft cloth soaked in isopropanol or a mild solvent.

W A R N I N G

Do not scratch the rod surface or the inner surface of the outer tube. Do not dent the Dacron screen or the cone edge near the top of the rod. If you damage the DMA, contact TSI.

10. Verify that the center rod is tightly screwed into the DMA head.

11. Reassemble the center rod assembly and outer tube. Do not turn the

center rod assembly counter-clockwise (with respect to the outer tube)

or you may loosen the center rod.

12. Power on the classifier and test the DMA for leaks (see Performing ISO

Zero Tests).


Cleaning the Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA Electrodes


Figure 6-2 1nm-DMA and Nano DMA: Cleaning Electrodes (shown with 3085 base plate)


To clean the inner rod and the inside of the outer tube, follow these

instructions:

1. Power off the classifier and unplug the power cord.

2. Disconnect the high-voltage connector from the classifier.

3. Disconnect all the tubing between the classifier and the 1nm-DMA or

Nano DMA.

4. Depress the black lever and remove the 1nm-DMA or Nano DMA from

classifier.

5. Mark the location of the sheath flow fitting on the base plate to facilitate

reassembly.

6. Loosen the two screws in the DMA base plate and remove the plate.

7. Using a 0.050-inch hex wrench, loosen the grounding set screw.

8. Loosen the two screws in the white plastic DMA base and support the

parts so that they do not fall apart.

9. Place the DMA back on its base and separate the sections between

the stainless steel body and the white plastic base (between the

Bypass and Sheath Flow + flow ports).

10. Lift up the stainless steel housing being careful not to make contact

between the outer case and the center rod.

W A R N I N G

Do not scratch the rod and the inside of the tube. A small scratch, nick, or burr can disrupt the DMA electric field and adversely affect DMA performance.

11. Visually inspect the rod. If it is dirty, clean it and the inside of the

1nm-DMA or Nano DMA’s outer tube:

a. Place your fingers inside the outer tube, or use a soft rubber sheet

to grip the polished surface. Do not scratch the inner finish,

b. Pull the outer tube form the inside case.

c. Wash the collector rod and the inside of the outer tube with a soft

cloth soaked in IPA or a mild solvent.

W A R N I N G

Do not scratch the rod surface or the inner surface of the outer tube. Do not dent the Dacron screen or the cone edge near the top of the rod. If you damage the mobility analyzer assembly, contact TSI.


12. Carefully reassemble the center rod and outer tube.

W A R N I N G

When reassembling the base, ensure that the ground wire is secured by the ground set screw. Use a 0.050-inch Allen wrench to tighten the set screw. If the set screw is not secured, improper grounding can produce unpredictable measurements.

Figure 6-3 Reassembling Base with Grounding Wire

13. Power on the classifier and test the DMA for leaks (see Performing ISO

Zero Tests).


Cleaning/Changing the DMA Dacron Screen

The Dacron screen (1030389) is located at the top of the annulus

assembly can become contaminated and contribute to arcing. If you

experience arcing problems, replace or clean the screen.

An extra Dacron screen was included with the DMA when shipped. Two

additional Dacron screens are included in the optional 3082 Maintenance

Kit 3082R-MAINT.

Cleaning/Replacing the Long DMA Screen


Figure 6-4 Cleaning the Long DMA Dacron Screen


Clean the Dacron screen by following these instructions:

1. Remove the collector rod following the steps in Cleaning the Long

DMA Electrodes.

2. Hold the center collector rod at the top and bottom and unscrew the

rod from the top portion. Separate the rod from the top.

3. Loosen the set screw and the knurled retaining ring then remove the

black top of the upper assembly.

4. Remove the sheath assembly.

5. Carefully pull the upper insulator from the sheath core.

6. Unscrew the sheath cone from the sheath core.

7. Remove the Dacron screen from the lower portion of the sheath cone

and visually inspect. If the screen is damaged, replace it with a new

screen. If the screen is undamaged but dirty, continue with step 8.

8. Grip the dirty screen with tweezers and dip into a clean beaker filled

with isopropanol. Repeat three times.

9. Allow the screen to air dry, or dry it with a very light flow of filtered,

compressed air.

10. Replace the screen in the sheath cone.

11. Reassemble the DMA.



Cleaning/Replacing the Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA Screen


Figure 6-5 Cleaning the Nano DMA or 1nm DMA Dacron Screen (shown with the 3085 base plate)

To clean the 1nm- or Nano DMA Dacron screen, follow these instructions:

1. Remove the collector rod following the steps in Cleaning the Nano or

1nm-DMA Electrodes.

2. Using the tool provided in the Accessory kit, loosen the retaining ring.

3. Separate the inlet cone, sheath assembly, and outer housing.

C a u t i o n

Do not damage the sharp edge at the bottom of the sheath assembly.

4. Using the tool from step 2, remove the retaining screw from the sheath

cone.


5. The upper insulator is pressed into the sheath cone to maintain good

alignment of the center rod therefore the insulator must be pressed out

from below by pushing on the Dacron screen. Orient the sheath cone

so that the sharp edge is pointed upwards. Place the cone in a press

and support it by the outer edges. Using a plastic dowel slightly smaller

than the inner diameter of the cone, push the Dacron screen from

below until the upper insulator comes free (about ¼ inch).

6. Remove the Dacron screen and visually inspect. If the screen is

damaged, replace it with a new screen. If the screen is undamaged but

dirty, continue with step 7.

7. Grip the dirty screen with tweezers and dip into a clean beaker filled

with IPA. Repeat three times.

8. Allow the screen to air dry, or dry it with a very light flow of filtered,

compressed air.

9. Replace the screen in the sheath cone.

10. Reassemble the DMA.

Performing ISO Zero Tests

ISO 15900, an international standard which provides methods for testing

and calibrating differential mobility devices, specifies a zero check for the

detector, the DMA, and the SMPS.

To perform a detector zero test, follow these instructions:

1. Disconnect the detector tubing from the Electrostatic Classifier so that

it is pulling in room air. Check that the detector is not reporting any

errors. If it is reporting an error, refer to the error descriptions in your

detector’s manual.

2. Verify that the detector is measuring a non-zero concentration.

3. Remove the high efficiency HEPA filter from the Accessory Kit. Using a

length of ¼-inch tubing, connect the filter to the detector inlet.


4. The particle concentration should drop to a negligible level when

compared to the concentration to be measured.

To perform a DMA zero test, an SMPS spectrometer scan must be

completed. To perform a DMA test, follow these instructions:

1. Install a DMA and connect the classifier to the CPC.

2. Connect a computer running the Aerosol Instrument Manager software

to the classifier and open Aerosol Instrument Manager software.

3. Set up a scan for 180s at the sheath flow rate and aerosol flow rate

that will be used in your application. A sheath-to-aerosol flow ratio of

10:1 is preferred for most applications (such as 15 L/min sheath flow,

1.5 L/min aerosol flow).

4. Set up to run one scan.

5. Begin the scan without a HEPA filter installed on the inlet of the

classifier to verify appropriate response of SMPS spectrometer to room

air. You should see counts and a graph of the particle size distribution

representative of your sampling environment. Once particles are

observed, you can either end the scan or let the scan complete.

6. Remove the high efficiency HEPA filter from the Accessory Kit. Using a

length of clear tubing (not provided), connect the filter to the CPC inlet.


7. Run a scan with the HEPA filter installed. Do not end scan before it

has finished—let it scan the across the entire high voltage range of the

classifier. There should be zero (or very few) particles detected across

the particle size distribution.

To perform the SMPS spectrometer Zero test, follow these instructions:

1. Install a DMA and leave the classifier inlet open to the air.

2. From the classifier display, set the sheath flow rate to 30 L/min, or if

preferred, to the flow rate that will be used in your application.

3. From the CPC display, set the aerosol flow rate to 1.5 L/min, or if

preferred, to the flow rate that will be used in your application.

4. From the classifier display, turn off the DMA voltage by clicking on the

power button icon ( ) next to the high voltage reading.

5. The detector concentration should drop to zero. If the detector counts

particles, either the sheath-to-aerosol flow ratio is too low or there is a

leak in the system. A sheath-to-aerosol flow ratio of at least 5:1 is

preferred for this test.



Performing a Leak Check

Zero test failures can be due

to a leak in either the sheath

flow path or the aerosol flow

path. A vacuum leak check

can be performed to

determine if a zero count

failure is due to a leak.

Per ISO 15900, a system

leak check procedure can be

performed as follows:

1. Power off the classifier

and disconnect it from

the CPC.

2. Install your DMA,

connecting the sheath

flow ports and

polydisperse flow port to

the classifier. See

Chapter 2: Installing a

DMA for details.

3. Install your neutralizer to

complete the internal

flow path, either

3077/3077A or 3088.

See Chapter 2: Setting

Up the Instrument for

details.

4. Install the inlet adapter. Cap the inlet with a vinyl end cap or other

plug/cap.

5. Connect the DMA monodisperse outlet to a vacuum system (not

provided) capable of pulling down to less than 10% of atmospheric

pressure (<10 kPa).

6. Seal off the classifier from the vacuum source.

7. Monitor the pressure of the vacuum system using a manometer. The

leakage rate is acceptable if the pressure inside the classifier system

changes by less than 5% per hour.


Performing User Recalibrations and Checks

Check or recalibrate the sheath flow as part of your routing maintenance to

ensure ±2 percent accuracy of sheath flow rate. Full details of the sheath

flow calibration are given in Chapter 5, Performing a User Calibration.

The differential pressure sensor has some sensitivity to temperature

therefore the sensor be zeroed from time-to-time as well as before you

perform an impactor calibration.

Impactor loading can influence the accuracy of the impactor flow

measurement; therefore, check or recalibrate the impactor flow as part of

your routine maintenance. Full details of the sheath flow calibration are

given in Chapter 5, Performing a User Calibration.

Upgrading Firmware

Check the TSI web site periodically for upgrades to the Electrostatic

Classifier firmware and CPC firmware. Firmware upgrades are contained in

zip files available for download.

To find a specific firmware upgrade file, follow these instructions:

1. Open the TSI web site at http://www.tsi.com/.

2. From the Support tab > TSI Software and Firmware > Software and

Firmware Wizard.

3. Follow the onscreen instructions to find the correct firmware upgrade.

http://www.tsi.com/


T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g Instrument status is displayed in real-time on the touch-screen display as

well as in the Aerosol Instrument Manager software. The table below

provides basic information about instrument problems and suggestions for

corrective action.

Table 6-3

Troubleshooting

Problem Cause Suggested Action

Low Sample Flow warning Impactor is installed and dP is zero because there is no inlet flow.

Connect detector or other device to pull flow through the aerosol inlet. Verify that polydisperse inlet of DMA is connected to the polydisperse outlet on the classifier.

Impactor is installed and no neutralizer is installed. Flow path is incomplete.

If you choose to not use a neutralizer, plumb aerosol flow directly to the DMA or install a section of ¼” OD SS tubing in place of the neutralizer in order to complete the flow path.

Impactor is installed and dP is zero because the impaction plate is missing.

Remove the impactor and insert an impaction plate into the impactor body. See Chapter 2, Installing an Impactor for details.

Impactor is installed and 6006680 face-seal O-ring on impaction plate is damaged or missing.

Extra 6006680 O-rings are provided with the instrument. Replace O-ring. See Replacing Impactor O-rings.

Impactor Not Detected warning

No impactor installed. Check whether there is an inlet adapter in place instead of an impactor.

If an impactor is in place, remove and re-insert it.

Note: You can manually set the impactor type from the Hardware tab on the Properties screen.

Impactor installed but memory chip is damaged.

Return the impactor to TSI for service.

Note: You can manually set the impactor type from the Hardware screen.

High Impactor dP warning A dP of >9.5 kPa is measured because excessive vacuum is being pulled through the impactor, or because the differential pressure sensor is damaged.

Operate the impactor within the specified operating range of 0-6 kPa. Operating the impactor at flow rates that result in a pressure differential of greater than 10 kPa may result in damage to the differential pressure sensor on the classifier.

Blower Current Error The sheath flow blower drawing 3A or greater because the sheath flow filters are excessively dirty and flow is being restricted.

Replace sheath flow filters, see Replacing the Inline Filters.

The sheath flow blower drawing 3A or greater because of a flow restriction.

Check for restrictions in the sheath flow path. Verify that external sheath flow path is comprised of 3/8” OD tubing (approximately ¼” ID tubing) and that no external valves or fittings have been added that would restrict flow.

Sheath Flow Error Sheath flow reading is not stabilizing within allowable range.

Flowmeter is not functional or is inaccurate.

The 3082 maintenance kit can be purchased from TSI which includes a flowmeter.

Blower is not functioning properly.

Return instrument to TSI for service.



Sheath Flow Warning Sheath flow has been changed in the last 30 seconds, and is stabilizing

Allow sheath flow to stabilize, do not take measurements during this time.

Sheath Pressure Error Absolute pressure sensor is measuring outside of allowable range (17 to 128 kPa).

The allowable operating pressure range of the instrument is 70 to 125 kPa. Operation outside of this range may result in inaccurate measurements and damage to internal components.

Absolute pressure sensor is not functional.

Return instrument to TSI for service.

DMA Not Detected warning DMA is not attached. Attach DMA with auto recognition capabilities (3081A, 3085A, or 3086). Manually select 3086 DMA from the Hardware menu if the Model 3086 is mounted in the alternate configuration.

DMA is attached but has not been upgraded.

3081 DMAs must be upgraded to 3081A, and 3085 DMAs must be upgraded to 3085A. Upgrade kits can be purchased from TSI.

DMA is attached and connected but is not reporting valid information.

Reseat the DMA to re-establish connectivity.

Memory chip has worn out and needs to be replaced. Purchase a DMA upgrade kit which includes a new base plate.

3086 DMA is attached and classifier firmware has not been upgraded

Update classifier firmware to latest version. See Upgrading Firmware.

DMA Voltage Error

DMA Voltage Self-Check

Error

DMA Voltage Error: Voltage output of internal HV supply is not within 25V of HV setpoint due to a short in DMA.

DMA Voltage Self-Check Error:

The high voltage self-check test,

automatically conducted at start-

up, has failed. The HV reading is

more than 25V off at 50V and/or

9750V.

There is a short in the DMA because it is dirty. Clean

the DMA. See Cleaning the DMA Electrodes.

The instrument has been operated outside of the specified operational temperature range, resulting in damage to the HV supply. Return instrument to TSI for service.

The HV has not been calibrated for >1 year and is in need of calibration. Return instrument to TSI for service.

Case Temp Error The classifier internal case temperature is > 50°C or < 5°C.

Operate the classifier within the specified operating temperature range of 10°C to 40°C. Operation outside of this range may result in inaccurate measurements and damage to internal components.

Neutralizer Detection Error Both 3077(A) and 3088 neutralizer detected at the same time due to a momentary switch fault.

Contact TSI.

Neutralizer Not Active No neutralizer installed. Install a neutralizer or bypass error.

3088 Neutralizer is detected but not powered on and or enabled.

Power on and enable 3088 neutralizer.

3088 Maximum Hours Exceeded warning

The Model 3088 Neutralizer is installed and is reporting more than 8760 operating hours.

The x-ray source is near the end of its useful life. Return the 3088 to TSI for service.

3088 Neutralization Error The Model 3088 neutralizer is reporting an error and is not neutralizing.

A hardware failure has occurred on the 3088 neutralizer. Contact TSI.



Detector Firmware Not Supported

CPC firmware has not been upgraded yet.

CPCs built before 2014 will need a firmware upgrade to be compatible with the 3082 Classifier. The firmware upgrades are available for download from the TSI website. See Chapter 6, Upgrading Firmware for details.

Detector Inlet Flow Error when connected to Classifier

Impactor pressure drop is too high.

When CPC in high-flow mode (1.5 L/min), do not use 0.0457 or 0.0508 impactors. If CPC is being used in high flow mode, install either an inlet adapter or 0.071 impactor.

Cannot achieve desired aerosol flow rate when flow equalizer assembly is installed

No impactor is installed. An impactor must be installed on the inlet of the classifier in order to achieve low sample flow rates when using the flow equalizer assembly. See Chapter 1, Flow Equalizer Assembly for details.

Sheath Temp does not match Cabinet Temp

Sheath flow is off. This is expected. When sheath flow is off, the temperature sensor in the sheath flow path (on the flowmeter) experiences a 2 to 3°C heat-up due to circuit electronics. An accurate sheath flow temperature reading requires at least 2 L/min flow rate through the sheath flow path.

3088 neutralizer is not on but key switch is in the ON position

3082 has been power cycled with the key switch in the ON position.

This is normal operation for regulatory purposes. Key switch must be cycled from OFF position back to ON position after a power cycle in order to enable neutralizer.

3088 is not seated properly. Top of 3088 should be flush with the top of the classifier. Check for a gap. Pull out and reseat if necessary.

Aerosol flow is negative dP needs to be zeroed. Zero the dP sensor. See Chapter 5, Calibration.

Inlet impactor is difficult to insert

Lack of grease on internal 1-025 O-ring

Grease O-ring, see Replacing Impactor O-rings.

3082 does not recognize a USB flash drive

USB port has experienced over-current.

Reboot the Electrostatic Classifier.

Cannot connect to 3082 from a PC using USB

PC is running Windows 8, and Windows 8 driver not installed.

Install Windows 8 driver if available, or connect to PC using Ethernet instead of USB. See Chapter 2, Connecting the Classifier to the Computer for details.

3082 has not been power cycled since the last time it was connected to a PC. 3082 must be power cycled before connecting to a different PC.

Power 3082 off, then power back on again, then connect USB to the PC.

Instrument is locked up because PC has entered sleep/standby/hibernate mode.

This is a known issue. It is recommended that the standby mode on your PC be disabled if it is going to be used with the classifier.

CPC was off at some point during an SMPS scan.

This is a known issue. If CPC is powered off during a scan, the classifier may lock up over time. To recover, power cycle the classifier.

Classifier does not power on automatically after soft shut-down and AC power reconnection

AC power reconnection occurred less than 60 seconds after soft shut-down.

If AC power is removed and reconnected less than 60 seconds after shutting down the instrument from the front panel, the instrument will not recognize that AC power has been reconnected. Wait 60 seconds before reconnecting AC power or power on the classifier from the front panel.



Instrument fails zero count test when HV is set to maximum (±10000V).

Dacron screen is contaminated, wet, or burned out.

Replace the Dacron screen (see Cleaning/Changing the DMA Dacron Screen).

Cannot find x-axis and y-axis settings menus

There are no buttons to enter x-axis and y-axis settings menus. Need to click on axes.

On SMPS screen, click on x-axis or y-axis to get options for changing density, view resolution, units, weights, and scaling

Cannot figure out how to change particle density

Retrace time is shown as >5s

Aerosol flow rate read from impactor is <0.1 l/min.

Indicates either low flow rate exiting DMA or improper impactor installation. Check that impactor has impaction plate installed.

USB device not recognized by the 3082

USB drive is formatted as NTFS The 3082 can handle USB devices formatted as FAT, FAT32, or exFAT. Reformat your USB device to use one of these file formats.

USB device has a storage capacity >250 GB

Devices with large memory capacities may require up to 2 minutes to be recognized.

Mismatch between inverted logged data and Aerosol Instrument Manager software when looking at the same data set.

Rounding errors in inversion algorithm.

An inverted data mismatch between Aerosol Instrument Manager software and the 3082 can occur since the raw data is being processed by two separate inversion algorithms. Mismatches larger than 0.5% can be encountered if the multiple charge correction is enabled, due to mismatch in rounding. The mismatch will not affect overall scan statistics (i.e., concentration, mean diameter, etc.) by more than 0.5%.

This mismatch does not exist in the raw data or in scan properties required to do the data inversion (i.e. mean free path, gas viscosity, etc.).

Lowest channels return zero even though CPC is counting particles

CPC efficiency for that channel is <20%.

Default efficiency files in the 3082 ignore contribution of particles in channels for which CPC efficiency is less than 20 percent. If you wish to consider this data, you must know the efficiency at which the CPC is counting in order to obtain an accurate size distribution. If you do, import data into the Aerosol Instrument Manager software and apply your own efficiency correction by modifying the .EFF file of the CPC.

0 to 3 percent mismatch between particle diameter displayed by 3082 and 3080

Differences in values used for slip correction, mean free path, and gas viscosity.

More accurate values are being used by the 3082 Electrostatic Classifier for determining particle size. The difference can be as high as three percent. Note that the 3082 uses the same values currently used by AIM.

Data Logging Error Internal SD card not recognized during data logging

Internal SD card corrupted, or loose, missing. Try rebooting to re-initialize SD card connection. If problem persists, contact TSI technical support.

External flash drive disconnected before sample completed

Do not remove flash drive while sampling is in progress.

Error is encountered when setting Start At Time (delayed start) between 12 AM and 12:59 AM

When in 12-hour format, Aerosol Instrument Manager software does not allow sample times to be entered between 12:00 AM and 12:59 AM.

Close Aerosol Instrument Manager software. Change PC clock to 24-hour format. Aerosol Instrument Manager software dialog will change to 24-hour format and will allow entries between 00:00 and 00:59.



Sample time stamps in Aerosol Instrument Manager software export files do not match expected actual time.

Aerosol Instrument Manager software uses the time reported by the classifier; however, the classifier internal clock can drift up to 6 seconds/day. The clock is synchronized with the PC when a sample in Aerosol Instrument Manager software is initiated, but if Aerosol Instrument Manager software is set up to sample continuously, then the classifier clock is not synchronized after sampling has started.

If continuous sampling will be impacted by an internal clock drift of 6 seconds/day, set up continuous sampling using the “Repeat Every” feature on the Aerosol Instrument Manager software Scheduling tab to force a clock synchronization at the beginning of each sample.

Aerosol Instrument Manager software loses connection to classifier when using Ethernet between classifier and PC

Slow Ethernet connection and/or busy Ethernet network.

Newer routers may help reduce susceptibility to broadcast storms. However, some network configurations are not recommended due to the possibility for poor response time. See Chapter 2, Connecting the Classifier to the Computer for details.


T e c h n i c a l C o n t a c t s If you have any difficulty installing the Electrostatic Classifier or SMPS

Spectrometer, or if you have technical or application questions about

this instrument, contact an applications engineer at one of the locations

listed below.

If the Electrostatic Classifier or SMPS Spectrometer fails, or if you are

returning it for service, visit our website at http://service.tsi.com or

contact TSI at:

TSI Incorporated

500 Cardigan Road

Shoreview, MN 55126 USA

Phone: +1-800-874-2811 (USA) or +1 (651) 490-2811

E-mail: [email protected]

TSI GmbH Neuköllner Strasse 4 52068 Aachen GERMANY

Telephone: +49 241-52303-0 Fax: +49 241-52303-49 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.tsiinc.de

TSI Instruments Ltd. Stirling Road Cressex Business Park High Wycombe, Bucks HP12 3ST UNITED KINGDOM

Telephone: +44 (0) 149 4 459200 Fax: +44 (0) 149 4 459700 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.tsiinc.co.uk

http://service.tsi.com/


http://www.tsiinc.de/


http://www.tsiinc.co.uk/


R e t u r n i n g t h e E l e c t r o s t a t i c C l a s s i f i e r f o r S e r v i c e

The Electrostatic Classifier should be serviced at the factory facility

annually for maintenance of the blower, filters, flowmeter, and other

sensors, and DMAs. An ISO 15900-compliant factory calibration will be

performed at this time. Before returning the classifier to TSI for service,

visit our website at http://rma.tsi.com or call TSI at 1-800-874-2811 (USA)

or 001 (651) 490-2811 for specific return instructions. When you call, have

the following information ready for the Customer Service representative:

Instrument model number

Instrument serial number

A purchase order number (unless under warranty)

A billing address

A shipping address

TSI recommends that you keep the original packaging of the classifier for

use whenever the instrument is shipped, including when it is returned to

TSI for service. Always place protective caps over the inlets/outlets to

prevent debris from entering the instrument. If you no longer have the

original packing material, place the instrument inside a plastic bag to

protect it, and then package with at least 5" (13 cm) of shock

absorbing/packaging material around all sides of the instrument.

C a u t i o n


shielding, the Neutralizer, or the DMA installed.

Lead shielding—Do not return the classifier with lead shielding

installed, as this may cause damage to the classifier during shipment.

3077/3077A Neutralizer—Follow safety regulations for correct

shipment of radioactive sources. Consult the appropriate Neutralizer

manual for details.

3088 Neutralizer—The 3088 Neutralizer can be serviced by TSI, but

should not be installed during shipment to avoid damage.

DMA—The 3081A, 3085A, and 3086 DMAs can be serviced by TSI,

but should not be installed during shipment to avoid damage.

See Chapter 3, "Moving and Shipping the Electrostatic Classifier" for

detailed instructions.

http://rma.tsi.com/

A-1

A P P E N D I X A Speci f icat ions

The following tables contain the operating specifications for the Scanning

Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) Spectrometer Model 3938 and the

Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082. These specifications are subject to

change without notice.

Table A-1

SMPS Spectrometer Specifications

DMA CPC Working Fluid

Particle Size Range (Nm)

Particle Concentration (#/cm

3)

Measurement Time (sec)

Particle Resolution

Total Size Channels

3081A 3772 Butanol

1* to 1,000

1 to 107** 16 to 600

(Selectable) 64 channels/ Decade

Varies by configuration; spans 167 channels from 2.5 to 1,000 nm collectively

3775

3787 Water

3766 Butanol

3788 Water

3085A 3776 Butanol 2.5 to 150

3788 Water

3081A and 3085A

3775 Butanol 4 to 1,000

3787 Water 5 to 1,000

3776 Butanol 2.5 to 1,000

3788 Water

3086 3777+3772 DEG/Butanol 1 to 50

3081A and

3086

1 to 1,1000

*Low end of particle size range determined by DMA Model 3081 specifications.

** Upper end of concentration specifications determined by Aerosol Neutralizer Models 3077, 3077A, 3088 specifications.

A-2 Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

Table A-2

SMPS Specifications

Data Averaging (Scans per Sample)

1 to 100, user selectable

Flow rates

Sheath flow .................................... 2 to 30 L/min ±2% of reading

Aerosol flow .................................... When measured with inlet impactor:

0.2 to 0.8 L/min with 0.0457 cm nozzle



Otherwise: determined by external pressure or vacuum.

Aerosol temperature range

10 to 40°C

Storage temperature range

-10 to 55°C

Aerosol inlet temperature range

10 to 40°C

Aerosol pressure range

70 to 125 kPa [0.70 to 1.25 atm)

Humidity

0 to 90% non-condensing

Aerosol Neutralizer Options

Aerosol Neutralizer Model 3077 ..... Bipolar, Kr-85, 74 MBq (2 mCi), half-life of 10.7 years, lead shielding available

Aerosol Neutralizer Model 3077A ... Bipolar, Kr-85, 370 MBq (10 mCi), half-life of 10.7 years, lead shielding available

Advanced Aerosol Neutralizer Model 3088 ....................................

Bipolar, soft x-ray, E < 9.5 keV, x-ray source life before exchange 8760 operating hours

6005931 ......................................... Lead shielding column for 3077/3077A

Communications

RS-232, USB, and Ethernet to PC for status and control

Power Requirements

3772 CPC ....................................... 210W

3775/6 CPC .................................... 335W

3777 Nano Enhancer 335W

3787/8 WCPC ................................ 200W

3082 ............................................... 200W

Dimensions (H/W/D/Weight)

3081A ............................................. 61 x 8 x 8 cm, 5.4 kg

3085A ............................................. 21 x 8 x 8 cm, 2.2 kg

3086 19 x 8 x 8 cm, NN kg

3082 ............................................... 40 x 28 x 40 cm, 14.2 kg

3772 ............................................... 26 x 18 x 25 cm, 5.5 kg

3775/6 ............................................ 25 x 32 x 37 cm, 9.9 kg

3777 25 x 32 x 37 cm, 9.9 kg

3787/8 ............................................ 31 x 16 x 28 cm, 5.5 kg

Specifications A-3

Table A-3

Electrostatic Classifier Specifications

Mode of operation

Bipolar diffusion charge neutralization and differential mobility analysis (requires installation of DMA).

Flow rates

Sheath flow ..................................... 2 to 30 L/min ±2% of reading

Aerosol flow .................................... When measured with inlet impactor:




Otherwise: determined by external pressure or vacuum.

DMA Voltage

10 to 10,000 VDC ± 0.5% over full range.

Negative polarity (standard) or switchable negative and positive polarity (optional)

*TSI is authorized by the United

States Nuclear Regulatory

Commission to distribute these

Aerosol Neutralizers. If your

location is within the United States,

no other federal license is required.

Check local regulations for your

own protection. Neutralizers are

shipped separately from other

system components. End-user

name and address is required.

Charger/Neutralizer

Aerosol Neutralizer Model 3077 ...... Bipolar, Kr-85, 74 MBq (2 mCi), half-life of

10.7 years, lead shielding available

Aerosol Neutralizer Model 3077A ... Bipolar, Kr-85, 370 MBq (10 mCi), half-life

of 10.7 years, lead shielding available

Advanced Aerosol Neutralizer Model 3088 .....................................

Bipolar, soft x-ray, E < 9.5 keV, x-ray

source life before exchange 8760 operating

hours


10 to 40°C


70 to 125 kPa [0.70 to 1.25 atm)


10 to 40°C


70 to 125 kPa [0.70 to 1.25 atm)

Front panel display

5.7 in VGA color touchscreen with Windows® CE

Calibration

ISO 15900 compliant

NIST-traceable voltage and flow standards

Dimensions (LWH)

40.5 cm 28 cm 40.5 cm (16 in 11 in 16 in)

Weight

14.5 kg (32 lb)

Ports

Aerosol Inlet ....................................

Polydisperse Flow ...........................

Sheath Flow + .................................

Sheath Flow - ..................................

¼-in. OD

¼-in. OD 38-in. OD

38-in. OD

Power requirements

100 to 240 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz, 200 W maximum


Environmental Conditions

Indoor use

Over-voltage category II

Pollution degree II

Ambient operating conditions ... Temperature: 10°C to 40°C

Humidity: 0 to 90% RH, noncondensing

Storage conditions .................

Temperature: -10°C to 55°C

Humidity: 0 to 90% RH, noncondensing

Table A-4

Specifications of the Electrostatic Classifier with Long DMA

Particle type

Solids and nonvolatile liquids

Particle size range (Classifier mode)

Adjustable from 10 to 1000 nm

Sizing Accuracy

±1 % at 100 nm for 10:1 sheath/aerosol flow ratio

Maximum input concentration

107 particles/cm

3

Physical measurements - Long DMA Model 3081A

Height ................................. 61 cm (24 in)

Outside diameter ................ 7.6 cm (3 in) excluding ports

Weight ................................ 5.5 kg (12 lb)

Monodisperse and polydisperse aerosol ports .

¼-in OD

Sheath flow ports ............... 38-in OD

Complete instrument

Dimensions (LWH) ............. 40.5 cm 28 cm 64.3 cm

(16 in 11 in 25.3 in)

Weight ................................ 20 kg (45 lb)

Specifications A-5

Table A-5

Specifications of the Electrostatic Classifier with Nano DMA

Particle type


Particle size range (classifier mode)


Sizing Accuracy

±1 % at 100 nm for 10:1 sheath/aerosol flow ratio


107 particles/cm

3 at 10 nm

Bypass Flow

Port for external pressure or vacuum (provided by user)

Physical measurements - Nano DMA Model 3085A

Height .......................................... 20.3 cm (8 in)

Outside diameter ......................... 7.9 cm (3.1 in) excluding ports

Weight ......................................... 2.2 kg (4.9 lb)

Polydisperse aerosol inlet ........... ¼-in OD (standard)

38-in OD (optional for aerosol flow > 4L/min)

Monodisperse aerosol outlet ....... ¼-in OD

Sheath ports and bypass port ..... 38-in OD

Complete instrument

Dimensions (LWH) ...................... 40.5 cm 28 cm 40.5 cm

(16 in 11 in 16 in)

Weight ......................................... 17 kg (38 lb)

Order Model 3082-HVPOS when ordering the Classifier Model 3082 to have your Classifier shipped with dual, switchable DMA-voltage (negative and positive). When ordered later, the classifier must be shipped to TSI for installation and calibration. Radiation shielding (for Neutralizers Model 3077 & 3077A) for installation inside Classifier Model 3082: Order part number: 6005931 Aerosol conditions, operating conditions and storage conditions are reduced for Model 3088, refer to Model 3088 specifications for details. Order Model 3085-HIFLOW top cover with 3/8-in inlet (for Nano DMA Model 3085A) for aerosol flow rates greater than 4 L/min.


Table A-6

Specifications of the Electrostatic Classifier with 1nm-DMA

Particle type


Particle size range (classifier mode)



107 particles/cm

3 at 10 nm

Bypass Flow

Port for external pressure or vacuum (provided by user)

Physical measurements – 1nm-DMA Model 3086

Height .......................................... 17.8 cm (7 in)

Outside diameter ......................... 7.9 cm (3.1 in) excluding ports

Weight ......................................... 2.2 kg (4.9 lb)

Polydisperse aerosol inlet ............ ¼-in OD (standard)

38-in OD (optional for aerosol flow > 4L/min)

Monodisperse aerosol outlet ........ 38-in OD

Sheath ports and bypass port ...... 38-in OD

Complete instrument

Dimensions (LWH) ...................... 40.5 cm 28 cm 40.5 cm

(16 in 11 in 16 in)

Weight ......................................... 17 kg (38 lb)

Order Model 3082-HVPOS when ordering the Classifier Model 3082 to have your Classifier shipped with dual, switchable DMA-voltage (negative and positive). When ordered later, the classifier must be shipped to TSI for installation and calibration. Radiation shielding (for Neutralizers Model 3077 & 3077A) for installation inside Classifier Model 3082: Order part number: 6005931 Aerosol conditions, operating conditions and storage conditions are reduced for Model 3088, refer to Model 3088 specifications for details.

B-1

A P P E N D I X B Theory of Operat ion

The principle behind operating the Model 3082 Electrostatic Classifier with

any DMA is based on the monotonic relationship between electrical

mobility and particle size of single-charge particles. To ensure a fixed

percentage of particles carrying one unit of charge, the particles are

introduced to a bipolar charge in a Model 3077/3077A or a Model 3088

Neutralizer where they undergo frequent collisions with ions of both

positive and negative polarity. This process is known as bipolar charging or

“neutralization.” As a result, an equilibrium charge state is obtained, with

known percentages of particles carrying no charge, a single charge, or

multiple charges of both positive and negative polarities. These aerosol

particles are then classified with the differential mobility analyzer and can

be measured by a Condensation Particle Counter or an Aerosol

Electrometer. The mobility distribution, and hence size distribution, can be

determined from the measurement.

H i s t o r y Electrical mobility techniques have been used to measure the size

distribution of aerosols since the work of Rohmann [1923]. The differential

mobility analyzer (DMA) was developed and used initially for electrical

mobility measurements of submicrometer particles [Hewitt, 1957].

Liu and Pui [1974] used the differential mobility analyzer with a bipolar

charger to produce monodisperse aerosols of known size. Their design

was used to develop the first commercial DMA, the TSI Model 3071

Electrostatic Classifier. Not long after the development of the DMA,

Knutson and Whitby [1975] incorporated the DMA into a particle-sizing

system. The commercial system was known as the Model 3932 Differential

Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS).

The interface hardware was developed by TSI Incorporated. Knutson

[1976] developed a data inversion technique for obtaining the initial aerosol

size distribution based on the measured particle mobility distribution. A

data inversion technique similar to Knutson’s was used in the commercial

DMPS/C data reduction. The data inversion technique is based on the

work of Plomp, et al. [1982] and Hoppel [1978], and the data reduction

technique was developed by Fissan et al. [1982]. The approximation of the

bipolar charge distribution on submicrometer particles has been taken from

the work of Wiedensohler [1986, 1987] and Wiedensohler and Fissan

[1988].

B-2 Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

In 1989, Wang and Flagan improved upon the system by using a

dynamically scanned DMA voltage. This system, called SEMS (Scanning

Electrical Mobility Spectrometer) , provided rapid aerosol distribution

measurements. Instead of requiring several intervals of ten minutes each

to measure a size distribution, the SEMS could provide results in less than

one minute.

In 1993, TSI commercialized the scanning system as the SMPS™

spectrometer.

In January of 1999 TSI began shipping a complete redesign of earlier

Classifier models as the Model 3080 with modular DMAs. The instrument

included improvements over the previous model including:

Choice of two interchangeable DMAs and flexibility to use custom

DMAs.

Recirculating flow for precise match of sheath and excess flows (a

great improvement over the 3071).

Microprocessor-controlled volumetric flow.

Front-panel design with control knob and built-in display.

Precision dynamic high-voltage supply for fast, accurate scanning.

Optional easy-to-install positive high-voltage supply (negative supply is

standard).

Electronic control of flow, voltage, particle-size, and instrument

functions.

In September 2013 TSI began shipping a redesign of earlier Classifier

models as the Model 3082. The instrument retains all the functionality of

the 3080 with improvements such as:

Dual polarity DMA high voltage control with <50ms response time for

faster scanning.

50 Hz data sampling for higher time resolution.

30 L/min sheath flow capability for higher size resolution and wider

size range.

Integrated and removable x-ray bi-polar charge neutralizer.

Integrated and removable inlet impactors for aerosol flow

measurement and particle pre-separation.

Tool-free installation of DMAs and impactors.

Theory of Operation B-3

I m p a c t i o n T h e o r y a n d O p e r a t i o n The aerosol first enters an impactor mounted on the exterior of the

classifier (see Figure B-1), which removes particles above a known particle

size by inertial impaction. The aerosol flow is accelerated through a nozzle

directed at a flat plate (see Figure B-2).

Figure B-1 Classifier Shown with Impactor Installed on Inlet

Impaction Nozzle or Jet

Stream Lines

Impaction Plate

Figure B-2 Cross-Sectional View of an Inertial Impactor [Hinds, 1982]


The impaction plate deflects the flow to form a 90° bend in the streamlines.

Particles with sufficient inertia are unable to follow the streamlines and

impact on the plate. Smaller particles follow the streamlines, avoid contact

with the plate and exit the impactor. The impactor is used in the SMPS

system to remove particles larger than a known aerodynamic size in order

to eliminate their contribution to multiply charged aerosols. The

aerodynamic particle size at which the particles are separated is called the

cut-point diameter. The cut-point diameter is a function of the impactor flow

rate and nozzle diameter. Equation B-1, below, is used to calculate the cut-

point diameter. The Cunningham Slip Correction C in Equation B-1 is a

function of the particle diameter; therefore this equation must be solved by

iteration.

CQ4

WStk9D

p

350

50

Equation B-1

where: D50 = particle cut-point diameter (cm, 50% cut efficiency)

Stk50= Stokes number for 50% collection efficiency = 0.23

= particle density (g/cm3)

Q= volumetric flow rate (cm3/s)

C= Cunningham Slip Correction

KnexpKn1C

= 1.165, = 0.483, = 0.997 Kn = Knudsen Number (Kim et al., 2005)

pD

2Kn

= gas mean free path

η = gas viscosity (g/(cm·s))

W = nozzle diameter (cm)

The Stokes number is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes

impaction. Values and equations for the gas mean free path and the

dynamic gas viscosity are described in the Particle Mobility Theory section.

p


E l e c t r o s t a t i c C l a s s i f i e r The purpose of the classifier is to extract a known size fraction of

submicrometer particles from the incoming polydisperse aerosol.

In the classifier, the aerosol enters a charger (either the 3088 or

3077/3077A) which exposes the aerosol particles to high concentrations of

ions of both positive and negative polarity. The particles and ions undergo

frequent collisions due to the random thermal motion of the ions. The

particles quickly reach a state of charge equilibrium, in which the particles

carry a known bipolar charge distribution.

The charged aerosol passes from the neutralizer into the main portion of

the Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA), shown in Figure B-3 and

Figure B-4. The DMA contains two concentric metal cylinders. The

polydisperse aerosol (qa) and sheath air (qsh) are introduced at the top of

the Classifier and flow down the annular space between the cylinders. The

aerosol surrounds the inner core of sheath air, and both flows pass down

the annulus with no mixing of the two laminar streams. The inner cylinder,

the collector rod, is maintained at a controlled negative voltage, while the

outer cylinder is electrically grounded. This creates an electric field

between the two cylinders.

The electric field causes positively charged particles to be attracted

through the sheath air to the negatively charged collector rod. Particles are

precipitated along the length of the collector rod (see Figure B-3 and

Figure B-4). The location of the precipitating particles depends on the

particle electrical mobility (Zp), the classifier flow rates, and the classifier

geometry. Particles with a high electrical mobility are precipitated along the

upper portion of the rod; particles with a low electrical mobility are collected

on the lower portion of the rod. Particles within a narrow range of electrical

mobility exit with the monodisperse air flow (qm) through a small slit located

at the bottom of the collector rod. These particles are transferred to a

particle sensor to determine the particle concentration. The remaining

particles are removed from the classifier via the excess sheath air flow (qe).


Figure B-3 Flow Schematic for the Electrostatic Classifier with Long DMA


Figure B-4 Flow Schematic for the Electrostatic Classifier with Nano or 1nm-DMA


C h a r g i n g T h e o r y The particle charge distribution used in the data reduction for the SMPS

spectrometer is based on a theoretical model developed by Wiedensohler

[1986] and is an approximation of the Fuchs [1963] diffusion theory for

particle sizes in the submicrometer range.

Figure B-5 shows the measured data of Wiedensohler [1986] and

theoretical curves based on the theory of Fuchs [1963] and calculated by

Wiedensohler [1988]. The theoretically determined charge distribution

agrees well with experimental data. It can be seen from the figure that the

fraction of positively charged particles is different from the fraction of

negatively charged particles. Table B-1 lists the fractions of particles in air

that carry -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6 charge units.

This table was calculated based on Wiedensohler [1988] and Kim et al.

[2005]. The fractions in Table B-1 correspond to the fractions used in the

Aerosol Instrument Manager software and in the Classifier 3082 when a

radioactive neutralizer (Model 3077 or 3077A) is installed.

Air

N=Charge

Figure B-5 Bipolar Particle Charge Distribution in Air [Wiedensohler and Fissan, 1988]


Table B-1

Midpoint Mobilities, Midpoint Particle Diameters, and Fraction of Total Particle Concentration

that Carries –6 to +6 Elementary Charges as a Function of Mobility. Calculated with equations B-2 and B-3 and

coefficients given in Table B-2.

-6-5

-4-3

-2-1

0+

1+

2+

3+

4+

5+

6

2.2

14.2

16

E-0

10

00

00

0.0

09

10.9

82

68

0.0

08

20

00

00

2.5

53.1

64

E-0

10

00

00

0.0

10

50.9

80

07

0.0

09

40

00

00

2.9

42.3

75

E-0

10

00

00

0.0

12

30.9

76

91

0.0

10

80

00

00

3.4

01.7

83

E-0

10

00

00

0.0

14

40.9

73

10.0

12

50

00

00

3.9

21.3

39

E-0

10

00

00

0.0

16

90.9

68

50.0

14

60

00

00

4.5

31.0

05

E-0

10

00

00

0.0

20

00.9

62

97

0.0

17

00

00

00

5.2

37.5

53

E-0

20

00

00

0.0

23

70.9

56

34

0.0

19

90

00

00

6.0

45.6

75

E-0

20

00

00

0.0

28

20.9

48

42

0.0

23

40

00

00

6.9

84.2

65

E-0

20

00

00

0.0

33

50.9

39

0.0

27

50

00

00

8.0

63.2

07

E-0

20

00

00

0.0

39

80.9

27

87

0.0

32

30

00

00

9.3

12.4

12

E-0

20

00

00

0.0

47

20.9

14

80.0

38

00

00

00

10

.75

1.8

15

E-0

20

00

00

0.0

55

90.8

99

58

0.0

44

50

00

00

12

.41

1.3

67

E-0

20

00

00

0.0

65

90.8

82

02

0.0

52

00

00

00

14

.33

1.0

30

E-0

20

00

00

0.0

77

40.8

61

98

0.0

60

60

00

00

16

.55

7.7

67

E-0

30

00

00

0.0

90

30.8

39

38

0.0

70

30

00

00

19

.11

5.8

62

E-0

30

00

00

0.1

04

70.8

14

25

0.0

81

00

00

00

22

.07

4.4

29

E-0

30

00

00.0

00

40.1

20

50.7

86

18

0.0

92

80.0

00

20

00

0

25

.48

3.3

51

E-0

30

00

00.0

00

80.1

37

50.7

55

88

0.1

05

40.0

00

40

00

0

29

.43

2.5

39

E-0

30

00

00.0

01

50.1

55

40.7

23

34

0.1

18

80.0

00

90

00

0

33

.98

1.9

27

E-0

30

00

00.0

02

90.1

73

90.6

88

83

0.1

32

70.0

01

70

00

0

39

.24

1.4

65

E-0

30

00

00.0

05

10.1

92

60.6

52

72

0.1

46

70.0

02

90

00

0

45

.32

1.1

16

E-0

30

00

00.0

08

40.2

10

90.6

15

45

0.1

60

50.0

04

80

00

0

52

.33

8.5

32

E-0

40

00

00.0

13

10.2

28

20.5

77

55

0.1

73

70.0

07

50

00

0

60

.43

6.5

39

E-0

40

00

00.0

19

50.2

44

00.5

39

69

0.1

85

70.0

11

10

00

0

69

.78

5.0

30

E-0

40

00

00.0

27

80.2

57

60.5

02

60.1

96

30.0

15

70

00

0

80

.58

3.8

85

E-0

40

00

0.0

01

20.0

37

90.2

68

60.4

65

39

0.2

05

00.0

21

30.0

00

50

00

93

.06

3.0

14

E-0

40

00

0.0

02

60.0

49

70.2

76

60.4

30

40.2

11

50.0

28

00.0

01

20

00

10

7.4

62.3

50

E-0

40

00.0

00

10.0

05

10.0

62

80.2

81

20.3

97

28

0.2

15

50.0

35

60.0

02

30

00

12

4.0

91.8

43

E-0

40

00.0

00

40.0

09

10.0

76

70.2

82

50.3

66

32

0.2

16

90.0

43

90.0

04

10.0

00

10

0

14

3.3

01.4

54

E-0

40

00.0

01

00.0

14

60.0

90

90.2

80

40.3

37

74

0.2

15

80.0

52

50.0

06

60.0

00

40

0

16

5.4

81.1

54

E-0

40

0.0

00

10.0

02

30.0

22

00.1

04

70.2

75

10.3

11

72

0.2

12

20.0

61

20.0

09

90.0

00

80

0

19

1.1

09.2

27

E-0

50

0.0

00

30.0

04

40.0

30

90.1

17

40.2

67

10.2

88

41

0.2

06

50.0

69

40.0

13

90.0

01

50.0

00

10

22

0.6

77.4

28

E-0

50.0

00

10.0

00

90.0

07

70.0

41

10.1

28

50.2

56

80.2

67

86

0.1

98

90.0

76

80.0

18

50.0

02

60.0

00

20

25

4.8

36.0

21

E-0

50.0

00

20.0

01

90.0

12

50.0

52

20.1

37

60.2

44

80.2

50

06

0.1

89

80.0

82

90.0

23

40.0

04

30.0

00

50

29

4.2

74.9

14

E-0

50.0

00

50.0

03

70.0

18

70.0

63

40.1

44

30.2

31

60.2

34

83

0.1

79

70.0

87

30.0

28

40.0

06

40.0

01

00.0

00

1

33

9.8

24.0

36

E-0

50.0

01

20.0

06

60.0

26

20.0

74

20.1

48

60.2

17

80.2

21

84

0.1

69

00.0

90

10.0

33

30.0

09

00.0

01

70.0

00

2

39

2.4

23.3

36

E-0

50.0

02

50.0

10

80.0

34

80.0

84

20.1

50

50.2

03

90.2

10

58

0.1

58

10.0

91

00.0

37

80.0

12

00.0

02

80.0

00

5

45

3.1

62.7

72

E-0

50.0

04

60.0

16

20.0

44

00.0

92

90.1

50

30.1

90

40.2

00

35

0.1

47

40.0

90

30.0

41

70.0

15

10.0

04

30.0

00

9

52

3.3

02.3

15

E-0

50.0

07

90.0

22

90.0

53

40.1

00

10.1

48

10.1

77

70.1

90

35

0.1

37

20.0

88

30.0

44

90.0

18

30.0

06

00.0

01

6

60

4.3

01.9

41

E-0

50.0

12

30.0

30

50.0

62

30.1

05

60.1

44

50.1

66

10.1

79

70.1

27

80.0

85

40.0

47

40.0

21

40.0

08

00.0

02

5

69

7.8

31.6

34

E-0

50.0

18

00.0

38

60.0

70

50.1

09

30.1

39

80.1

56

00.1

67

48

0.1

19

40.0

82

10.0

49

00.0

24

20.0

10

20.0

03

6

80

5.8

41.3

80

E-0

50.0

24

60.0

46

90.0

77

50.1

11

30.1

34

50.1

47

50.1

52

82

0.1

12

10.0

78

90.0

49

90.0

26

60.0

12

30.0

05

0

93

0.5

71.1

69

E-0

50.0

31

90.0

54

70.0

83

10.1

11

70.1

28

90.1

41

00.1

34

91

0.1

06

30.0

76

30.0

50

10.0

28

60.0

14

40.0

06

4

Fra

cti

on

of

To

tal P

art

icle

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

Th

at

Ca

rrie

s T

his

Nu

mb

er

(-6 t

o +

6)

of

Ch

arg

es

Part

icle

Dia

mete

r

Mid

po

int,

nm

Mo

bilit

y

Mid

po

int

cm

2/v

-s


The formulas used to calculate Table B-1 are shown below. They are taken

from Wiedensohler [1988]. The mean free path is taken from Kim et al.

[2005]. To calculate the fraction of particles carrying zero, one or two

charges, use equation B-2 which is an approximation of the Fuchs model.

Equation B-2 is valid for size ranges:

1 nm Dp 1000 nm for N = -1, 0, 1

20 nm Dp 1000 nm for N = -2, 2

5

0i

i

nm

pDlogNia

10)N(f Equation B-2

Table B-2

Coefficients for Equation B-2 used for Radioactive Neutralizers (Models 3077 and 3077A).

ai(N) N=-2 N=-1 N=0 N=1 N=2

a0 -26.3328 -2.3197 -0.0003 -2.3484 -44.4756

a1 35.9044 0.6175 -0.1014 0.6044 79.3772

a2 -21.4608 0.6201 0.3073 0.4800 -62.8900

a3 7.0867 -0.1105 -0.3372 0.0013 26.4492

a4 -1.3088 -0.1260 0.1023 -0.1553 -5.7480

a5 0.1051 0.0297 -0.0105 0.0320 0.5049

For the fraction of particles carrying three or more charges, use equation

B-3 which is based on a derivation by Gunn from 1956.

2

p0

2

i

i2

p0

p02

e

kTD22

Z

Zln

e

kTD2N

exp

kTD4

e)N(f

Equation B-3

where: e = elementary charge

= 1.60217733E-19 A·s

0 = dielectric constant

= 8.854187817E-12 A·s/(V·m) (for air)

Dp = particle diameter [m]

k = Boltzmann’s constant = 1.380658E-23 J/K (for air) T = Temperature [K] N = number of elementary charge units Zi+/Zi- = ion mobility ratio = 0.875 (Wiedensohler) for Neutralizers 3077 and 3077A = 0.975 (Knobel et al.) for Neutralizer 3088


If a soft X-ray Neutralizer (Model 3088) is installed in the Classifier 3082,

the same equations (B-2 and B-3) are used to calculate the charge

fractions. The coefficients and the ion mobility ratio differ in this case (see

above and Table B-3).

Table B-3

Coefficients for Equation B-2 used for soft X-ray Neutralizer (Model 3088), from Knobel et al. (2013)

ai(N) N=-2 N=-1 N=0 N=1 N=2

a0 -30.6155 -2.33509 -0.00163 -2.35889 -27.25320

a1 46.33885 0.43635 -0.11384 0.45169 38.47963

a2 -31.1819 1.08654 0.33393 0.99798 -24.27128

a3 11.3907 -0.55679 -0.35714 -0.48173 8.44162

a4 -2.22028 0.04981 0.10770 0.02631 -1.60589

a5 0.17935 0.00551 -0.01082 0.00804 0.12917

P a r t i c l e M o b i l i t y T h e o r y As mentioned previously, only particles with a narrow range of electrical

mobilities are extracted by the DMA to be measured by a particle sensor.

To determine the particle size associated with this range of mobilities, the

definition of particle electrical mobility must be examined.

An aerosol particle in an electric field, E, carrying n electric charges

experiences an electrical force, causing it to move through the gas in which

it is suspended. It very quickly reaches its terminal velocity, v. The resulting

drag force on the particle is given by Stokes law and can be equated to the

electrical force to determine the electrical mobility of a particle. The

electrical mobility, then, is a measure of the particle's ability to move in an

electric field. The electrical mobility, Zp, is defined by the equation B-4:

pp

D3

neCZ

Equation B-4


where:

n = number of elementary charges on the particle

e = elementary charge (1.6022 x 10–19 A·s)

C = Cunningham slip correction

KnexpKn1C

= 1.165, = 0.483, = 0.997 (Kim et al., 2005)

Kn = Knudsen Number

pD

2Kn

= gas mean free path

T/S1

T/S1

T

T

P

P r

r

rr

S = Sutherland constant = 110.4 K

T = temperature [K]

P = pressure

η = dynamic gas viscosity (kg·m-1

·s-1

)

2

3

r

rr

T

T

ST

ST

Dp= particle diameter

Index r in above equations denotes gas reference values. The following set

of reference values (from ISO 15900, taken from Kim et al., 2005) is used

as default reference values for air in the Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082

and the Aerosol Instrument Manager Software Model 3938:

Reference Temperature Tr = 296.15 K

Reference Pressure Pr = 101.3 kPa

Reference dynamic viscosity r = 1.83245·10-5

kg·m-1

·s-1

Reference mean free path r = 6.730·10-8

m

Note: In above equations, the gas mean free path and gas viscosity

parameters are based on reference values for r,r, Sr, Tr and Pr. It is

important to use consistent values (that is, you may use different values for

r,r, Sr, Tr and Pr to calculate than to calculate as long as the values

are consistent for each equation). Values for common gases can be found

in Radar (1990). An explanation of the gas equations can be found in

Willeke & Baron (1993).


The range of particle diameters removed from the Electrostatic Classifier

not only depends on particle electrical mobility. Knutson [1975] determined

the relationship between the particle electrical mobility and the Classifier

parameters. The relationship is given in equation B-5:

1

2sh*p

r

rln

LV2

qZ

Equation B-5

The mobility bandwidth, , is:

*p

sh

ap Z

q

qZ Equation B-6

where:

Zp* = set mobility

qa = aerosol flow rate through the Classifier

qsh = sheath air flow rate

r2 = outer radius of annular space

= 1.961 cm (for Long DMA)

= 1.905 cm (for Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA)

r1 = inner radius of annular space

= 0.937 cm (for Long DMA)

= 0.937 cm (for Nano DMA or 1nm-DMA)

= average voltage on the inner collector rod (volts)

L = length between exit slit and polydisperse aerosol inlet

= 44.369 cm (for Long DMA†)

= 4.987 cm (for Nano DMA)

= 2.0 cm (for 1nm-DMA)

Equations B-4 and B-5 can be combined to give an equation that relates

the particle diameter to collector rod voltage, number of charges on the

particle, Classifier flow rate, and geometry for the Long DMA, Nano DMA

or 1nm-DMA:

1

2sh

p

r

rlnq3

LVne2

C

D

Equation B-7

Figure B-6 allows calculation of the particle diameters that pass through

the exit slit of the Electrostatic Classifier, if the number of charges on the

particle is known. Table B-1 shows that the majority of the aerosol in

charge equilibrium exists as singly charged particles. However, a fraction

of the particles exist as multiply charged particles.

†The length measurement is based on the geometrical value of the distance between the vertical midpoint of the inlet slit and the midpoint of the exit slit. Traditionally, a value of 44.44 cm has been used. Kinney, et. al. (1991) suggests using a value of 43.6 cm as an “effective length” to account for entrance and exit effects. TSI firmware and software uses the value of 44.369 since this is a physically verifiable number.

Z p

V


A particle with a certain mobility may exist as a small particle with a single

charge or as a larger particle with multiple charges. Either has the same

mobility and is removed by the system with the monodisperse air flow.

Refer to Wang and Flagan (1990) for the effect of multiply charged

particles on the data analysis. Figure B-6 shows the relationship between

the diameter of particles with a single charge and collector rod voltage for a

Model 3081A Long DMA.

q = 20 lpm

q

10000

1000

100

100.001 0.01 0.1 1

Particle Diameter, Dp, µm

sh = qa < 4 lpms

Co

llecto

r R

od

Vo

ltag

e V

, V

olt

s

Figure B-6 Collector Rod Voltage as a Function of Particle Diameter for Normal Operating Conditions of the Long DMA [Agarwal and Sem, 1978]

The Equations listed above do not account for diffusion broadening. This is

an important factor in particles below 50 nm. For the more comprehensive

formulas, refer to work by Stoltzenburg [1988].

Once the particles are classified according to electrical mobility, their

concentration is measured by a CPC or Electrometer.


S M P S S p e c t r o m e t e r M e a s u r e m e n t T h e o r y The SMPS size distribution measurement is based on a voltage scanning

process as described by Wang and Flagan (1990). The voltage is

exponentially increased with progressing sampling time between a lower

and upper voltage limit. Therefore, the transfer function of the DMA - which

is assumed to be triangular in shape and is described by its peak electrical

mobility Z and its half width ΔZ – continuously “moves” across the particle

size range to be measured. For given DMA geometry (outer radius r1, inner

radius r2 and effective DMA length Leff) and given flow rates, Z* depends

only on the DMA voltage V (see Equation B-5).

The TSI SMPS 3938 Spectrometer uses sheath flow re-circulation,

therefore Equation B-6 applies to calculate ΔZ, which is proportional to the

peak mobility Z*; the ratio of aerosol flow rate to sheath flow rate during a

voltage scan is constant.

During a voltage scan with a scan time tscan between the start voltage Vtf

and the end voltage Vmax, the DMA voltage is always precisely controlled.

The DMA voltage curve over time must equal Vtf =V(Zmin) at t=tf (tf is the

time, particles need to pass through the DMA) and Vmax=V(Zmax) at t=tscan.

Here, Zmin and Zmax are the electrical mobilities of singly charged particles

with the lower boundary diameter of the first size bin to be measured and

the upper boundary diameter of the last size bin to be measured,

respectively. Equation B-4 is applied for the calculation of Z(D).

Accordingly, Equation B-5 relates the particles’ electrical mobility to the

DMA voltage. The DMA voltage as function of time can be described by:

fscan

f

tt

tt

tf

maxtf

V

VV)t(V

Equation B-8

In an SMPS Spectrometer, the particle detector (typically a CPC) is

connected to the monodisperse aerosol outlet port of the DMA with tubing.

The transport time through this tubing, together with the internal response

time of the detector, is the delay time td. Therefore, particles C(t) counted

during a scan by the particle detector at time t have an electrical mobility

corresponding to t-td.

))tt(Z(C)t(C d Equation B-9

While running a scan, the Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 records the

number of counted particles C in time intervals Δt of 20 ms (or with a

sampling frequency of 50 Hz). The time series of counted particles Ci for all

time intervals i sampled in a scan – together with all parameters describing

the measurement – is stored as SMPS raw data.


SMPS raw data (particle counts) are sampled in 0.02 seconds wide time

intervals i while the DMA voltage raises exponentially during a scan. All

further calculations to invert the data are made in 192 size bins j. These

size bins are logarithmically (or geometrically) evenly distributed between 1

nm and 1000 nm, which results in 64 size bins per size decade.

The first step in SMPS data inversion is to map particle counts from time

intervals i into size bins j as described by Equation B-10.

i i

ijij

t

ttCC

Equation B-10

Raw particle counts C in both the time intervals i and the size bins j can be

analyzed by importing measurement data – including raw data – sampled

with Model 3082 in SMPS mode into Aerosol Instrument Manager

software.

The raw particle counts Cj accumulated in the size bins j are used to

calculate the particle number concentration dNj in each size bin at the inlet

of the SMPS Spectrometer. This calculation assumes that all counted

particles were singly charged. It uses the detection efficiency of the particle

detector ηdet,j for size bin j, an eventual dilution in the flow equalizer or

due to DMA bypass flow, the fraction of singly charged particles f1,j for the

midpoint particle diameter Dm,j of each size bin j, the Penetration Pj of

particles with size Dm,j through the SMPS system (to correct for diffusion

losses) , the flow rate Qsensor through the sensor of the particle detector and

the sampling time tbin,j associated with each size bin:

)D(Z

)D(Z)D(Z

PftQ

CdN

j,m

j,upj,low

jjdet,j,1j,binsensor

jj

Equation B-11

The sampling time tbin,j is the time interval, during which a size bin j can

receive particles during a scan; it is given by the DMA voltage

(Equation B-8), the electrical mobility for this voltage (Equation B-5), and

the upper and lower boundaries of a size bin j described in terms of

electrical mobility for singly charged particles (Equation B-4). The DMA

transfer with ΔZ(Dm,j) is calculated using Equation B-6.

All higher weights or moments (surface area, volume, mass) of the number

concentration size distribution dNj are calculated per size bin j assuming

spherical particles with the geometric midpoint diameter Dm,j of the size bin.


M u l t i p l e C h a r g e C o r r e c t i o n The data inversion described in SMPS Measurement Theory above is

based on the assumption that all particles leaving the DMA with the

monodisperse flow are singly charged. Especially when the measured

aerosol contains larger particles, there will be particles with more than one

charge in the monodisperse flow, see Charging Theory. These particles

with higher charge levels will be detected as smaller particles and hence

will cause an error in the inverted particle size distribution. Multiple Charge

Correction eliminates this error by removing the contribution of smaller,

multiply charged particles.

An important requirement must be met for the correction: The largest bin

containing particles may only contain singly charged particles. This is true

either if the particle size distribution does not contain particles larger than

the upper boundary of the selected SMPS measurement range or if the

SMPS inlet impactor nozzle is chosen so that the inlet impactor removes

such larger particles.

Starting from the topmost size bin j, the multiple charge correction for up to

6 charges follows Equation B-12. The calculation of the fractions of

particles with p elementary charges fp,j is described in Charging Theory.

∑ ∑

Equation B-12

D i f f u s i o n L o s s C o r r e c t i o n To understand why Diffusion Loss Correction, is needed, it is necessary to

recall three facts:

1. When aerosol particles collide with a surface they adhere due to van

der Waals force, electrostatic force and surface tension.

2. Diffusion is the primary transport mechanism for particles smaller than

0.1 µm (100 nm).

3. The smaller the particle the more rapid the diffusion.

Thus, if an aerosol particle diffuses to the wall of its measurement flow

path, there will be diffusion losses, and the measured size distribution will

under-represent small particles. Since the Scanning Mobility Particle

SizerTM (SMPSTM) spectrometer measures particles in the size range of

1 nm to 1000 nm, diffusion losses are unavoidable. They are however,

quantifiable.

Diffusion losses are frequently characterized in terms of penetration P

through a tube: in

out

n

nP


Penetration is a function of the particle diffusion coefficient D, length of the

tube L, and volumetric flow rate Q. The Diffusion coefficient D is affected

by temperature, gas medium, and particle diameter.

Figure B-7 Circular Tube Penetration Efficiency [Gormley and Kennedy (1949)]

Note that the diffusion loss through a tube (for a fixed volumetric flow rate

and laminar tube flow) is not a function of tubing diameter. The additional

distance the particles must travel to the walls in a wider tube is offset by a

longer residence time.

The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizing™ (SMPS) spectrometer can be

broken down into five different flow paths for which an aerosol penetration

can be calculated.

P1 = Penetration through the impactor inlet

P2 = Penetration through the bi-polar neutralizer and internal plumbing

P3 = Penetration through the tubing to the Differential Mobility Analyzer

(DMA) and CPC

P4 = Penetration through the DMA

P5 = Penetration through the CPC

Circular Tube Penetration Efficiency

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1DL

Q

Pen

etr

ati

on


Figure B-8 Location of Flow Paths Contributing to Diffusion Losses

The total penetration through the system is the product of the individual

penetration values:

Determination of P1

The penetration through the impactor assembly was determined

experimentally using all three impactor sizes (0.0457 cm, 0.0508 cm, &

0.071 cm) and a variety of flow rates. P1 is dependent on the Reynolds

number so it is affected by the flow rate and the gas properties of the

working gas. When using an impactor, it is important to stay within the

recommended flow ranges to achieve the highest accuracy for the

Diffusion Loss Correction.

Determination of P2

The penetration through the internal passages of the Model 3080 and

Model 3082 Classifier (including the Model 3077/3077A neutralizer) was

determined experimentally at a variety of flow rates. P2 is a function of the

particle diffusion coefficient and flow rate.


Determination of P3

Penetration through the connecting tubing was calculated using equations

for penetration through a circular tube from Gormley and Kennedy (1949).

Note: When using the flow equalizer accessory, the penetration for this

path may be determined too high. A small percentage of the

overall diffusion loss will not be corrected for in this case.

Determination of P4

Penetration through each of the Differential Mobility Analyzers (Model 3085

and Model 3081) was determined using published data on the transfer

functions for these DMAs by Chen et al. (1998), Birmili et al. (1997) and

Reineking and Portstendörfer (1986). The penetration was also validated

experimentally.

Determination of P5

P5 is already included in the counting efficiency of the CPC and includes

penetration inside the CPC, activation efficiency and optical detection

efficiency.

Equivalent Length Concept

Finally, for Penetration calculations, each individual flow path is

characterized by its equivalent length. This equivalent length is then

substituted into Gormley and Kennedy’s equations to calculate the

penetration. The following equivalent length values are used for each

flow path:

Inlet impactor 0.071 cm (P1) 2.1 m



Classifier Platform and Neutralizer (P2) 1.51 m

Aerosol inlet hose to long DMA (P3) 0.33 m

Aerosol inlet hose to nano DMA (P3) 0.20 m

DMA outlet hose to CPC (P3) 0.25 m

Long DMA 3081A (P4) 9.1 m

Nano DMA 3085A (P4) 4.1 m

1nm-DMA 3086 (P4) 4.1 m


Note: All of the experiments were performed using air at Standard

Temperature & Pressure (STP) as the working gas. Since diffusion

losses are a function of the particle diffusion coefficient D which is a

function of the working gas properties, the use of different working

gases and/or conditions will result in an error in the calculated

diffusion loss. It is possible to input gas properties in the software to

increase the Diffusion Loss Correction accuracy, but other working

gases and conditions have not been experimentally verified.

S e l e c t e d R e f e r e n c e s The following list contains papers that are referenced in this chapter as well

as other references that may be interesting to the reader.

A Adachi, M., K. Okuyama and Y. Kousaka [1985]

“Electrical Neutralization of Charged Aerosol Particles by Bipolar Ions.”

Journal of Chemical Engineering, Japan, 16:229.

Agarwal J.K., and G.J. Sem [1978]

“Generating Submicron Monodisperse Aerosols for Instrument

Calibrations,” TSI Quarterly, May/June, p 5, TSI Incorporated, St. Paul,

MN.

Allen, M.D., and O.G. Raabe [1985].

“Slip Correction Measurements of Spherical Solid Aerosol Particles in an

Improved Millikan Apparatus,” Aerosol Science and Technology. 4:269-

286.

B Birmili, W., Stratmann, F., Wiedensohler, A., Covert, D., Russell, L. M. and

Berg, O. (1997). Determination of Differential Mobility Analyzer Transfer

Functions Using Identical Instruments in Series. Aerosol Science and

Technology 27: 215-223.

Blackford, D.B., and G. Simons [1986]

“Particle Size Analysis of Carbon Black.” TSI Incorporated, St. Paul, MN.

Presented at Fine Particle Society Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA,

July. (Unpublished)

C Chen, D-R, D.Y.H. Pui, D. Hummes, H. Fissan, F.R. Quant, and G.J. Sem,

[1998]

“Design and Evaluation of a Nanometer Aerosol Differential Mobility

Analyzer (Nano-DMA),” Journal of Aerosol Science 29/5:497-509.


F Fissan, H.J., C. Helsper, and H.J. Thielen [1983]

“Determination of Particle Size Distribution by Means of an Electrostatic

Classifier,” Journal of Aerosol Science, 14:354.

Fuchs, N.A. [1963]

“On the Stationary Charge Distribution on Aerosol Particles in a Bipolar

Ionic Atmosphere,” Geophys. Pura Appl., 56:185.

G Gormley, P. G. and Kennedy, M. (1949). “Diffusion from a stream flowing

through a cylindrical tube”. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 52A,

163-169

H Hewitt, G.W. [1957]

Trans. Am. Inst. Elect. Engrs., 76:300.

Hinds, W.C. [1982]

Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne

Particles. New York:John Wiley & Sons, p. 114.

Hoppel, W.A. [1978]

“Determination of the Aerosol Size Distribution from the Mobility

Distribution of Charged Fraction of Aerosols,” Journal of Aerosol Sci. 9:41-

54.

Hussin, A., H.G. Scheibel, K.H. Becker, and J. Porstendörfer [1983]

“Bipolar Diffusion Charging of Aerosol Particles I: Experimental Results

Within the Diameter Range of 4–30 nm,” Journal of Aerosol Science,

14:671.

I ISO 15900:2009 Determination of particle size distribution – Differential

electrical mobility analysis for aerosol particles.

ISO/TC 24/SC 4.

K Kim, J.H., G.W. Mulholland, S.R. Kukuck, and D.Y.H. Pui [2005]

“Slip Correction Measurements of Certified PSL Nanoparticles Using a

Nanometer Differential Mobility Analyzer (Nano-DMA) for Knudsen Number

From 0.5 to 83,” Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards

and Technology, 110(1):31-54.

Kinney, P.D., D.Y.H. Pui, G.W. Mulholland, and N.P. Breyer (1991)

“Use of the Electrostatic Classification Method to Size 0.1 µm SRM

Particles—A Feasibility Study,” Journal of Research of the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, 96:147.

Knobel, L., Weinhold, K., Gandhi, J., Wiedensohler, A., and Schmid, H.-J.

(2013) „Application of a X-ray charger for SMPS measurements“,

European Aerosol Conference 2013, Prague, Czech Republic


Knutson E.O., and K.T. Whitby [1975]

“Aerosol Classification by Electric Mobility: Apparatus Theory and

Applications,” Journal of Aerosol Science, 6:443.

L Liu, B.Y.H., and D.Y.H. Pui [1974]

“Equilibrium Bipolar Charge Distribution,” Journal of Colloid Interface

Science, 49:305.

P Plomp A. et al. [1982]

Proceedings of the 10th Annual Gesellschaft für Aerosolforschung

Conference Bologna, Italy.

Pui, D.Y.H., and B.Y.H. Liu [1979]

Technical paper: “Aerosol Generation and Calibration of Instruments,”

Mechanical Engr. Dept. Univ of MN, May/June.

Pourprix, M., and J. Daval, [1990]

Electrostatic Precipitation of Aerosols on Wafers, A New Mobility

Spectrometer, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, 2:797-800.

R Rader, D.J., [1990]

“Momentum Slip Correction Factor for Small Particles in Nine Common

Gases,” Journal of Aerosol Science, 21:161-168.

Reineking, A. and Porstendörfer, J. (1986). Measurements of Particle Loss

Functions in a Differential Mobility Analyzer (TSI, Model 3071) for Different

Flow Rates. Aerosol Science and Technology 5: 483-486.

Rohmann, H. [1923]

Z. Phys. 18:188.

S Sem G.J., P.B. Keady, and F.R. Quant [1983]

“High-Resolution Size Distribution Measurements of 0.01–15 µm Aerosol

Particles.” TSI Incorporated, Proceedings Sixth World Congress on Air

Quality, Paris, France, Vol 1, pp. 283-290, 16–20 May.

Stoltzenburg, M.R. [1988]

“An Ultrafine Aerosol Size Distribution Measuring System,” Ph.D. Thesis,

University of Minnesota, USA.

W Wang, S. C., and R. C. Flagan, [1990]

“Scanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer,” Aerosol Science and

Technology, 13:230-240.

Wiedensohler, A., E. Lütkemeier, M. Feldpausch, and C. Helsper [1986]

“Investigation of the Bipolar Charge Distribution at Various Gas

Conditions,” Journal of Aerosol Science, 17:413.


Willeke, K., and P.A. Baron, [1993]

“Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications,” New

York :Van Nostrand Reinhold, 26-28.

Wiedensohler, A., [1988]

“Technical Note: An Approximation of the Bipolar Charge Distribution for

Particles in the Submicron Range,” Journal of Aerosol Science,

19:3/387-389.

Wiedensohler, A., and H.J. Fissan [1988]

“Aerosol Charging in High Purity Gases.” Journal of Aerosol Science,

Vol. 19.

C-1

A P P E N D I X C Computer In ter face

The Electrostatic Classifier has one USB port to allow communication with

a terminal emulation program.

T e r m i n a l C o m m u n i c a t i o n s To communicate to the instrument using Windows

® command prompt,

follow these instructions:

1. With the instrument on, plug a USB cable into the USB B port on the


2. Connect the other end of the cable to a USB port on your computer.

3. Open Windows command prompt.

4. Determine the instrument IP address (USB or Ethernet) from the

instrument Setup screen > Device > Information. The IP address of

the classifier is shown.

5. Type telnet <IP_ADDRESS> <PORT_NUMBER>. For example, telnet

169.254.94.153 3602. The communications port number is always

3602.

6. You are now connected to the 3082. Type a command such as rdsn

(reads serial number) to verify connectivity).

To communicate to the instrument using a terminal emulation program

such as HyperTerminal, follow these instructions:

1. With the instrument on, plug a USB cable into the USB B port on the


2. Connect the other end of the cable to a USB port on your computer.

3. Open a terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term (a free

terminal emulator for Microsoft Windows® operating systems) or

HyperTerminal (included with most Microsoft Windows®

operating

systems). Example: Select Start > Programs > Accessories >

Communications > HyperTerminal.

4. Enter a name for the connection, for example, TSI-3082.

5. Determine the instrument IP address (USB or Ethernet) from the

instrument Setup screen > Communication. The IP address of the

classifier is shown.

6. Enter the IP address from the Information screen in the Host address:

field of the terminal emulation software.

C-2 Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

7. Enter the communications port number (3602) in the Port

number:field.

8. Set up the terminal emulation software so that incoming carriage

returns are translated into carriage return line feed sequences and

therefore do not overwrite the previous line of data. Also, consider

enabling local echoing of characters so that data typed on the

keyboard is displayed on the screen.

9. When data is being reported to the screen of the terminal emulation

software, you can either cut and paste the data into a file, or use the

software’s data logging capabilities to capture data. Data in the

comma-delimited format can be imported into programs such as

Microsoft Excel® for analysis and graphing.

Note: When the terminal emulation software is connected and running,

if you press the Enter key you see an ERROR response from

the classifier in the terminal emulation software. This is

because, although the classifier and computer are

communicating, the command is not understood. You can

ignore this error message—it is only used for testing the

connectivity.

F i r m w a r e C o m m a n d s Please note the following information about the classifier commands and

responses:

Unless specified as binary-encoded, all commands and responses are

sent or received as ASCII characters.

All messages are terminated with a <CR> (0x0D) character.

All linefeed (0x0A) characters are ignored.

Commands are case insensitive. The backspace character (0x08)

deletes previous characters in buffer.

Values enclosed by “<>” indicate ASCII characters/values

sent/received. For example, <,> indicates the comma was sent or

received via the communications channel.

Computer Interface C-3

Select firmware commands are divided into the categories described in

Table C-1 below.

Table C-1

Electrostatic Classifier Firmware Commands Description

Commands Description

DO Used to execute a specific function (such as start and stop a scan).

READ

Used to read parameters from the instrument (such as flow rate, pressure, temperature, etc.).

WRITE Used to write information to the instrument (such as data, set points, or settings).

HELP Use prior to most commands to get more information about a specific command.

Note: When the instrument does not understand a command, it replies

with the string "ERROR".

To use the firmware commands, a program capable of sending and

receiving ASCII text commands can be used. A terminal program such as

HyperTerm (supplied with Windows® operating system) is appropriate.

Table C-2 is a quick reference of select firmware commands. The

commands are case insensitive.

Table C-2

Electrostatic Classifier Firmware Commands List (select)

Command Title Description

Do Commands

DOSCAN Starts a SMPS spectrometer scan.

DOABORTSCAN Stops a SMPS spectrometer scan.

DOREGSAVE Saves stored parameters.

DOSHUTDOWN Shuts down the instrument.

DOSAVEDMAEEPROM Saves DMA parameters to EEPROM on bottom of DMA, if 3082-compatible DMA is installed.

Read Commands

RDSN Read Data Serial Number

Reads the Electrostatic Classifier serial number. Example: RDSN returns formatted text of 1-19 characters, such as 30821311001

RDMN Read Data Model Number

Reads the Electrostatic Classifier model number. Example: RDMN returns formatted text of 1-19 characters such as 3082

RDBS Read Data Build String

Reads the build string. Example: RDBS returns a decimal string such as 1.4

RDTIME Read Current Time

Reads the current time. Example: RDTIME returns formatted text (hh:mm:ss) such as 09:09:23

RDDATE Read Current Date

RDDATE returns the current date. Example: RDDATE returns formatted text (mm/dd/yyyy) such as 06/01/2012

RDMAC Read Ethernet Mac address

RDMAC returns the Ethernet Macintosh address. Example: RDMAC returns a hexadecimal string such as 10.1.12.221

RSHVPOL Read High Voltage Polarity

RSHVPOL returns the high-voltage polarity setpoint. Example: RSHVPOL returns 0 or 1, where 0 = negative voltage and 1 = positive voltage.

RSSHFLOW Read Sheath Flow rate

RSSHFLOW returns the sheath flow setpoint. Example: RSSHFLOW returns values in the range 0.0 – 30.0 L/min.


Table C-2



RSHV Read High Voltage

RSHV returns the high voltage setpoint. Example: RSHV returns a value in the range 0.0 – 10000.0 v.

RSDETINFLOW Read Detector Inlet Flow

RSDETINFLOW returns the detector inlet flow setpoint. Example: RSDETINFLOW returns 0 or 1, where 0 = low flow and 1 = high flow

RSSCANPARAM Read SMPS Scan Parameters

RSSCANPARAM returns the SMPS scan parameters. Example: RSSCANPARAM returns the following parameters. tres, time resolution in milliseconds, fixed at 20 ms. tlow, time DMA voltage held at vmin in milliseconds, 0 to 10000 ms tup, time DMA voltage is ramped up in milliseconds, 0 to 300000 ms thigh, time DMA voltage held at vmax in milliseconds, 0 to 10000 ms tdown, time DMA voltage ramped down in milliseconds, 0 to 300000 ms vmin, starting DMA voltage, 1.0 to 100000.0 v vmax, ending DMA voltage, 1.0 to 10000.0 v pol, polarity of DMA voltage, where -1 = negative voltage, 0 = detectors with no voltage, 1 = DMA positive voltage

RSPARTICLEDIAM Read Classifier Particle Diameter

RSPARTICLEDIAM returns the particle diameter setpoint. Example: RSPARTICLEDIAM returns particle diameter in nanometers from 1 to 5000

RSTUBELENGTH Read Tube Length Between Classifier and Detector

RSTUBELENGTH returns the length of the tube between the classifier and detector. Example: RSTUBELENGTH returns 0.1 to 100.0 centimeters

RSCONTROL Read Control of Classifier

RSCONTROL returns information about classifier control. Example: RSCONTROL returns OPEN, AIM, or GUI where OPEN = classifier control, AIM = Aerosol Instrument Manager software control, GUI = display screen control

RSGPIODIGOUT0 Reads GPIO Digital Output 0

RSGPIODIGOUT0 returns the setpoint GPIO digital output 0. Example: RSGPIODIGOUT0 returns the values 0 or 1, where 0 = digital low and 1 = digital high.

RSGPIODIGOUT1 Reads GPIO Digital Output 1

RSGPIODIGOUT1 returns the setpoint GPIO digital output 1. Example: RSGPIODIGOUT1 returns the values 0 or 1, where 0 = digital low and 1 = digital high.

RSDMAMN Reads DMA EEPROM Model Number

RSDMAMN returns the DMA model number. Example: RSDMAMN returns 3081A or 3085A

RSDMASN Reads DMA EEPROM Serial Number

RSDMASN returns the DMA serial number. Example: RSDMASN returns 30811234

RSDMALENGTH Read DMA Length

RSDMALENGTH reads DMA length, in meters. Returns 1.0e-5 if no DMA is selected.

RSDMAID Read DMA Inner Diameter

RSDMAID reads DMA inner diameter, in meters. Returns 1.0e-5 if no DMA is selected.

RSDMAOD Read DMA Outer Diameter

RSDMAOD reads DMA outer diameter, in meters. Returns 1.0e-5 if no DMA is selected.

RSDMATYPE Read DMA Type RSDMATYPE reads the DMA type. Either 1 (cylindrical) or 2 (radial).

RSCUSTOMDMALENGTH Read Custom DMA Length

RSCUSTOMDMALENGTH reads length of custom DMA, in meters. Set to 0.44369 by default (value for 3081 DMA).

RSCUSTOMDMAID Read Custom DMA Inner Diameter

RSCUSTOMDMAID reads DMA inner diameter of custom DMA, in meters. Set to 0.01874 by default (value for 3081 DMA).

RSCUSTOMDMAOD Read Custom DMA Outer Diameter

RSCUSTOMDMAOD reads DMA outer diameter of custom DMA, in meters. Set to 0.03922 by default (value for 3081 DMA).


Table C-2



RSCUSTOMDMATYPE Read Custom DMA Type

RSCUSTOMDMATYPE reads the custom DMA type to 1 (cylindrical) or 2 (radial). Set to 1 by default.

RSIMPMN Reads Impactor EEPROM Model Number

RSIMPMN returns the Impactor serial number. Example: RSDMAMN returns 3081A or 3085A

RSIMPSN Reads Impactor EEPROM Serial Number

RSIMPSN returns the Impactor serial number. Example: RSIMPSN returns 4571234

RMSHFAP Read Sheath Absolute Pressure

RMSHFAP returns the measurement of the sheath absolute pressure. Example: RMSHFAP returns the pressure in kPa.

RMIMPDP Read Impactor Differential Pressure

RMIMPDP returns the measurement of the sheath absolute pressure. Example: RMIMPDP returns the pressure in kPa.

RMSHRH Read Sheath Relative Humidity

RMSHRH returns the measurement of the sheath relative humidity. Example: RMSHRH returns the relative humidity in %.

RMCASETEMP Read Case Temperature

RMCASETEMP returns the case temperature. Example: RMCASETEMP returns the temperature in °C.

RMSHTEMP Read Sheath Flow Temperature

RMSHTEMP returns the sheath flow temperature. Example: RMSHTEMP returns the temperature in °C.

RMSHFLOW Read Sheath Flow

RMSHFLOW returns the sheath flow rate. Example: RMSHFLW returns the flow in L/min.

RMHVDUAL Read High Voltage Dual Polarity

RMHVDUAL returns the high voltage dual polarity. Example: RMHVDUAL returns the values 0 or 1, where 0 = negative only installed, and 0 = negative and positive installed.

RMHV Read High Voltage

RMHV returns the DMA high voltage. Example: RMHV returns the high voltage in volts.


Table C-2



RMSTATUS Read Classifier Status

RMSTATUS returns the classifier status.

Example: RMSTATUS returns a 32 bit integer.

Bits

0

0 = Using Custom efficiency file

1 = not using custom efficiency file

1-3 0 = Neutralizer not present

1 = 3077(A) present

2 = 3088 present and not ionizing

3 = 3088 present and ionizing

4-6 0 = Detector not present

1 = 3772 present

2 = 3775 present

3 = 3776 present

4 = 3787 present

5 = 3788 present

7-9 0 = DMA not present

1 = 3081A present

2 = 3085A present

3 = Custom

10 0 = USB drive not present

1 = USB drive present

11-12 0 = Impactor not present

1 = 0.457 Impactor present



13 0 = Classifier last calibration <365 days

1 = Classifier last calibration > 365 days

14 N/A

15 0 = Detector last calibration < 365 days 1 = Detector last calibration > 365 days

16-17 0 = Negative HV only 1 = Negative and positive HV

18-20 Not used


Table C-2



RMERRORS Read Classifier Errors

RMERRORS returns the classifier errors.

Example: RMERRORS returns a 32 bit integer. If the bit is set, there is

an error.

Bits 0 Impactor delta pressure > 5cm H2O but no impactor present

1 N/A

2 Impactor delta pressure < 5cm H2O but impactor is present

3 Impactor dP > 9.75 kPa

4 No DMA detected

5 Sheath flow rate 2% greater than setpoint for longer than

30 seconds

6 High voltage outside range of setpoint

7 Built in self-test failed

8 Case temp > 50 °C or < 5 °C

9 X-ray and radioactive neutralizer both installed

10 X-ray runtime hours too high

11 Corrupt detector data

12 N/A

13 N/A

14 N/A

15 N/A

16 aP sensor < 17 kPa and > 128 kPa

17 N/A

18 Blower over current

19 Detector efficiency file missing or not monotonic

20 Charge correction file missing

21 Data logging error

22 N/A

23 Not used

24 Detector firmware not supported

25 Sheath flow rate is stabilizing from a setpoint change


Table C-2



RMDETERRORS Read Detector Errors

RMDETERRORS returns the detector errors.

Example: RMDETERRORS returns a 32 bit integer. If the bit is set, there

is an error.

Bits Description

0 Absolute pressure

1 Water separator temperature

2 Saturator temperature

3 Condenser temperature

4 Optics temperature

5 Growth tube temperature

6 Inlet flow rate

7 Aerosol flow rate

8 Laser current

9 Liquid level

10 Concentration

11 Inlet temperature

12 Vacuum level

13 Pulse height

14 Photometric mode

15 Nozzle pressure

RMSCANDATA Read SMPS Counts/Deadtime During Scan

RMSCANDATA reads the SMPS counts and deadtime during scan. Example: RMSCANDATA returns a string yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss,df,cf,pol,ndata,eos where yyyy = year, mm = month, dd = day, hh = hour, mm = minutes, ss = seconds, df = detector error, cf = classifier error, pol = polarity, ndata = number of data points following this header, eos = end of scan flag Data point format is ParticleCounts,Deadtime in microseconds

RMIMPFLOW Read Impactor Flow

RMIMPFLOW reads flow rate as measured by the dP sensor across the impactor. Only valid if 3082-compatible impactor is installed.

Write Commands

WDTIME Write Time Sets the time using the format hh:mm:ss

Example: WDTIME 15:01:00 sets the time to 3:01 pm and returns OK

WDDATE Write Date Sets the date using the format mm/dd/yyyy

Example: WDDATE 07122013 sets the date to July 12th

, 2013 and returns OK

WSHVPOL Write High Voltage Polarity

WSHVPOL sets the high voltage polarity. Example: WSHVPOL returns the values 0 or 1, where 0 = negative voltage, and 1 = positive voltage

WSSHFLOW Write Sheath Voltage Setpoint

WSSHFLOW Sets the sheath flow rate in L/m. Example: WSSHFLOW returns a value in the range 0.0 to 30.0 in L/min

WSHV Write high voltage

WSHV Sets the DMA high voltage in volts. Example: WSHV returns values in the range 0.0 to 10000.0 L/min

WSDETINFLOW Write Detector Inlet Flow

WSDETINFLOW Sets the detector flow rate to low or high. Example: WSDETINFLOW returns values where 0 = low flow and 1 = high flow.

WSTUBELENGTH Write Tube Length Between Classifier and detector

WSTUBELENGTH sets the tube length from 0.1 to 100 centimeters

Example: WSTUBELENGTH 25 sets the length to 25 centimeters


Table C-2



WSCONTROL Write Control of Classifier

WSCONTROL sets who has control with AIM, OPEN, or GUI.

Example: WSCONTROL OPEN sets to classifier control

WSGPIODIGOUT0 Write GPIO Digital Output 0

WSGPIODIGOUT0 sets the GPIO output to 0 or 1.

Example: WSGPIODIGOUT0 1 turns the output on, 0 turns the output off.

WSGPIODIGOUT1 Write GPIO Digital Output 1

WSGPIODIGOUT1 sets the GPIO output to 0 or 1.

Example: WSGPIODIGOUT1 1 turns the output on, 0 turns the output off.

WSSCANPARAM Write SMPS Scan Parameters

WSSCANPARAM sets the following scan parameters: tres, time resolution in milliseconds, fixed at 20 ms. tlow, time DMA voltage held at vmin in milliseconds, 0 to 10000 ms tup, time DMA voltage is ramped up in milliseconds, 0 to 300000 ms thigh, time DMA voltage held at vmax in milliseconds, 0 to 10000 ms tdown, time DMA voltage ramped down in milliseconds, 0 to 300000 ms vmin, starting DMA voltage, 1.0 to 100000.0 v vmax, ending DMA voltage, 1.0 to 10000.0 v pol, polarity of DMA voltage, where -1 = negative voltage, 0 = detectors with no voltage, 1 = DMA voltage

Example: RSSCANPARAM 20,500,10000,500,1000,13.1,9456.0,-1 will have a voltage of 13.1 to 9456 over the tup time of 10 seconds

WSPARTICLEDIAM Write Classifier Particle Diameter

WSPARTICLEDIAM sets the particle diameter setpoint. Example: WSPARTICLEDIAM 100 sets the particle diameter to 100.

WSDMAMN Write DMA Model Number

WSDMAMN sets DMA model number. Saves to EEPROM on bottom of 3082-compatible DMA. Should be followed by a DOSAVEDMAEEPROM.

Note that the suffix “A” is not used.

Example: WSDMAMN 3085 sets model number to 3085.

WSDMASN Write DMA Serial Number

WSDMASN sets DMA serial number. Saves to EEPROM on bottom of 3082-compatible DMA. Should be followed by a DOSAVEDMAEEPROM.

Example: WSDMASN 3085114501 sets DMA s/n to 3085114501.

WSDMALENGTH Write DMA Length

WSDMALENGTH sets DMA length, in meters. Used by inversion algorithm. Saves to EEPROM on bottom of 3082-compatible DMA. Should be followed by a DOSAVEDMAEEPROM.

Example: WSDMALENGTH 0.44369 sets DMA length to 44.369 cm.

WSDMAID Write DMA Inner Diameter

WSDMAID sets DMA inner diameter, in meters. Used by inversion algorithm. Saves to EEPROM on bottom of 3082-compatible DMA. Should be followed by a DOSAVEDMAEEPROM.

Example: WSDMAID 0.01874 sets DMA inner diameter to 1.874 cm.

WSDMAOD Write DMA Outer Diameter

WSDMAOD sets DMA outer diameter, in meters. Used by inversion algorithm. Saves to EEPROM on bottom of 3082-compatible DMA. Should be followed by a DOSAVEDMAEEPROM.

Example: WSDMAOD 0.03922 sets DMA outer diameter to 3.922 cm.

WSDMATYPE Write DMA Type WSDMATYPE sets the DMA type to 1 (cylindrical) or 2 (radial). Used by inversion algorithm. Saves to EEPROM on bottom of 3082-compatible DMA. Should be followed by a DOSAVEDMAEEPROM.

Example: WSDMATYPE 1 sets DMA type to cylindrical.

WSCUSTOMDMALENGTH Write Custom DMA Length

WSCUSTOMDMALENGTH sets length of custom DMA, in meters. Used by inversion algorithm. Should be followed by a DOREGSAVE.

Example: WSCUSTOMDMALENGTH 0.44369 sets custom DMA length to 44.369 cm.


Table C-2



WSCUSTOMDMAID Write Custom DMA Inner Diameter

WSCUSTOMDMAID sets DMA inner diameter of custom DMA, in meters. Used by inversion algorithm. Should be followed by a DOREGSAVE.

Example: WSCUSTOMDMAID 0.01874 sets custom DMA inner diameter to 1.874 cm.

WSCUSTOMDMAOD Write Custom DMA Outer Diameter

WSCUSTOMDMAOD sets DMA outer diameter of custom DMA, in meters. Used by inversion algorithm. Should be followed by a DOREGSAVE.

Example: WSCUSTOMDMAOD 0.03922 sets custom DMA outer diameter to 3.922 cm.

WSCUSTOMDMATYPE Write Custom DMA Type

WSCUSTOMDMATYPE sets the custom DMA type to 1 (cylindrical) or 2 (radial). Used by inversion algorithm. Should be followed by a DOREGSAVE.

Example: WSCUSTOMDMATYPE 1 sets custom DMA type to cylindrical.

Help Commands

HELP General help command

HELP [command] gives more information about a command or type of command:

DO, list of DO commands and their definitions

RD, list of RD commands and their definitions

RS, list of RS commands and their definitions

RM, list of RM commands and their definitions

WD, list of WD commands and their definitions

WS, list of WS commands and their definitions

[command], returns information about the function of the command

Example: HELP DO will return the list of valid DO commands and their definitions

Example: HELP RDSN will give definition of RDSN and additional information about the length of the character string

For Write commands, the instrument returns a response of:

- PARAMETER SENT if syntax and parameter were valid

- ERROR if syntax or command was invalid

For Read or Mode commands, the instrument returns a response of:

- data or data,data,data if syntax and parameter were valid

- ERROR if syntax or command was invalid

Index-1

Index

0 0 to 3 percent mismatch between

particle diameter, 6-29

1 1nm-DMA, 1-1, 1-6, 1-8, 1-9, (see

also DMA) accessory kit, 2-3 bypass flow, 2-30, 2-32, A-6 bypass flow plug, 2-30 cleaning Dacron screen, 6-20 cleaning electrodes, 6-15 cleaning/replacing screen, 6-20 connecting polydisperse flow, 2-31 flow manifold, 2-30 flow schematic, B-7 installation, 2-24, 2-28 installation (alternate), 2-30 maximum input concentration, A-6 measurements, A-6 particle size range, A-6 particle type, A-6 specifications, A-6

3 3088 maximum hours exceeded

warning, 6-27 3088 neutralization error, 6-27

A advisory label, ix aerosol flow, A-2, A-3 aerosol flow is negative, 6-28 aerosol inlet, 4-6, A-3 aerosol inlet flow range, 2-15 aerosol inlet temperature range, A-2 Aerosol Instrument Manager software

loses connection, 6-30 Aerosol Instrument software, 2-36 aerosol pressure range, A-2, A-3 aerosol temperature range, A-2, A-3 ambient operating conditions, A-4 approximate data transfer times, 5-38 argon

warning, viii auto recovery, 5-52

B back panel, 4-3 bipolar particle charge distribution in

air, B-8 blower current error, 6-26

butanol safety, vii warning, vii

bypass flow, 1-9, 2-30

C calibration, 5-39, A-3

check, 5-42 impactor differential pressure, 5-45 impactor flow calibration, 5-46 restore defaults, 5-48 sheath flow, 5-39 sheath flow calibration, 5-39 user calibration, 5-39

calibration out of range warning screen, 5-48

calibration screen, 5-39 cannot achieve desired aerosol flow

rate, 6-28 cannot connect from PC using USB,

6-28 cannot figure out how to change

particle density, 6-29 cannot find x-axis and y-axis settings

menus, 6-29 case temp error, 6-27 caution symbol, viii change filters, 6-9 charger, A-2, A-3 charging theory, B-8 chemical safety, vii circuit boards, 4-8

display PCB, 4-8 high-voltage PCB, 4-8 main PCB, 4-8 sensor PCB, 4-8

circular tube penetration efficiency, B-18

classifier mode, 5-2, 5-7 classifier not powering on

automatically after shut-down, 6-28 classifier screen, 5-51 cleaning impactor, 6-2 cleaning solutions, recommended, 6-2 clear logged data, 5-38 clevis pin, 2-24, 2-26 communication ports, 4-9 computer

standby mode, 2-36 computer interface, C-1 connecting to computer, 2-36 CPC, 1-10 CPC inlet, 6-22 custom DMA

set up, 5-50

D D50(nm) field, 5-21 data

logging, 5-34 data export, 5-37 data export error messages, 5-38 data logging error, 6-29 data logging icon, 5-4 date and time, 5-28 decimal symbol, 5-34 default reference values for gas

properties, B-12 DEG, vii

safety, vii warning, vii

detector connecting to classifier, 2-35 upgrading firmware, 2-35

detector field, 5-25 detector firmware not supported, 6-28 detector inlet flow error, 6-28 determination of P1, B-19 determination of P2, B-19 determination of P3, B-20 determination of P4, B-20 determination of P5, B-20 device options, 5-27 diagnostics, 5-31 diagnostics screen, 5-31 Diethylene glycol. (see also DEG) Differential Mobility Analyzer, 1-3,

(see also DMA) Differential Mobility Particle Sizer

(DMPS). (see also DMPS) diffusion charge corrections, 5-4 diffusion correction icon, 5-4 diffusion loss

characterizing, B-18 importance, B-17

diffusion loss correction, B-17 digital I/O, 4-9, 4-10

options, 4-11 dimensions, A-3 DMA, 1-3

caution, 6-32 cleaning/changing Dacron screen,

6-18 custom setup, 5-50 high-voltage connection, 2-33 high-voltage connector, 2-33 installation, 2-24 ISO zero test, 6-22 warning, 2-33

DMA bracket, 2-24

Index-2 Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

DMA field, 5-24 DMA lower bracket, 4-9 DMA not detected warning, 6-27 DMA voltage, 5-9, A-3

current setpoint, 5-9 DMA voltage field, 5-9 power button, 5-9

DMA voltage error, 6-27 DMA voltage self-check error, 6-27 DMA-voltage controller, 1-10 DMPS, B-1 DO commands, C-3

E earth grounding label, ix EEPROM. (see also memory chip) electrical connector, 6-12 electrical safety, viii Electrostatic Classifier

accessory kit, 2-2 advantages, 1-1 aerosol inlet, 4-6 applications, 1-2 back panel, 4-3

communication ports, 4-3 cooling fan, 4-3 power input module, 4-3

calibration screen, 5-39–5-49 cleaning impactor, 6-2 communication screen, 5-32 communications screen, 5-32 connecting to computer, 2-36 connecting to detector, 2-35 data export screen, 5-37 date and time screen, 5-28 description, 1-1, 4-1 device options screen, 5-27 diagnostic screen options, 5-31 diagnostics screen, 5-31 display

error messages, 5-5, 5-6 setup screen, 5-18 setup screen options, 5-18 status icons, 5-4 title bar. (see also title bar) y-axis settings, 5-14

display screen, 5-29 error screen. (see also error

screen) exporting data, 5-37 external control display, 5-51 flag assembly retaining screw, 2-7 front panel

touch-screen display, 4-2 front panel, 4-2

power button, 4-2 front panel

aerosol inlet, 4-2 gas reference screen, 5-27 gas tab screen, 5-26 history, B-1 how it works, 1-3

Electrostatic Classifier (continued) impactor, 4-6 impactor theory, B-3 information screen, 5-30 installing flow equalizer assembly,

2-33 internal components, 4-5

circuit board, 4-5 cooling fan, 4-6, 4-10 filter manifold, 4-5 filters, 4-5 flow manifold, 4-6, 4-10 heat exchanger, 4-6, 4-10 high-voltage power supply, 4-5 main circuit board, 4-6, 4-10 power inlet module, 4-5 power supply, 4-6, 4-10 sheath flow blower, 4-5

lead shielding, 2-6 lifting warning, 2-1 logging data, 5-33 logging options screen, 5-34 maintenance, 6-1 moving, 3-1 operating, 5-2 operation, 5-1 overview, 1-1 packing list, 2-1 powering on, 2-38 product overview, 1-1 properties

hardware tab, 5-24 properties screen, 5-24, 5-25 properties tab, 5-19 removing cover, 6-8 schematic, 1-4 setup, 2-5 shipping, 3-1 shutoff, 5-53 side panel, 4-4

DMA base plate, 4-4 high-voltage socket, 4-4 neutralizer, 4-4 sheath flow port, 4-4 USB port, 4-4

theory of operation, B-1, B-5 unpacking, 2-1, 2-4 ventilation requirements, 2-4 x-axis settings, 5-12

enable logging, 5-34, 5-35 environmental conditions, A-4 equations

electrical mobility, B-11 equivalent length, B-20 error is encountered when setting

start at time, 6-29 error messages

data export, 5-38 error screen

error message, 5-5 wrench icon, 5-5

Ethernet communication, 2-37

Ethernet port, 4-9, 4-10 European recycling label, ix export

data, 5-37 export data, 5-37 external control mode, 5-51 External control mode, 5-3 external control screen, 5-51

F factory defaults, resetting, 5-48 filter direction of flow, 6-21 filter manifold, 6-9 firmware

upgrade, 6-25 firmware commands, C-2

description, C-3 list, C-3

flag assembly, 4-7 installation, 2-10

flag assembly O-ring cleaning, 6-7

flow arrow, 6-10 flow controllers, 1-5 flow equalizer assembly, 1-11

installation, 2-33 flow field, 5-25 flow paths contributing to diffusion

losses, B-19 flow range for orifice size, 4-7 flow tab, 5-19 flowmeter

replacing, 6-11 front panel, 4-2 front panel display, A-3

G gas

set properties, 5-26 gas reference screen, 5-27 gas tab, 5-26 get defaults for air, 5-27 graph cursor, 5-15 graph options, 5-11 greasing O-ring, 6-6 guide rod, 2-9

H hardware configuration

detector, 5-25 DMA, 5-24 flow, 5-25 impactor, 5-24 neutralizer, 5-24 tube length, 5-25

hardware tab, 5-24 high impactor dP warning, 6-26 high impactor is difficult to insert, 6-28 high-voltage

warning, viii high-voltage connection, 2-33

DMA, 2-33

Index Index-3

high-voltage power supply, 4-9 high-voltage warning, v high-voltage warning label, ix histogram data, 5-13 history, B-1 hydrogen

warning, viii hyperterm, C-3

I–J–K identification label, ix impaction plate, 2-15, 2-16, 6-3, 6-4 impactor, 1-4, 2-15, 4-6

body sizes, 2-15 installation, 2-16 theory, B-3

impactor body, 2-15, 2-16, 6-3–6-6 impactor differential pressure, 5-45 impactor field, 5-24 impactor flow, 5-46 impactor installed on inlet, B-3 impactor not detected warning, 6-26 impactor orifice sizes, 4-7 impactor O-rings

replace, 6-4 inertial impactor, B-3 information screen, 5-30 inlet adapter, 2-15 inlet manifold, 4-7 inlet O-ring

replace, 6-5 inlet removal tool, 2-17 inline filters, replacing, 6-9 installation

flow equalizer assembly, 2-33 impactor, 2-15, 2-16 Model 3077 Neutralizer, 2-10 Model 3088 Neutralizer, 2-13

installing Aerosol Instrument Manager software, 2-36

instrument description, 4-1 instrument fails zero count test, 6-29 instrument information, 5-30 internal components, 4-5 inverted data, 5-35 ISO zero test, 6-21

detector, 6-21 SMPS, 6-23

L laser safety, vi lead radiation sheilding, vi lead radiation shielding, 2-6 lead shield, 2-9

caution, 6-32 lead shielding, 2-6 lifting caution, x log

data, 5-34 log raw data, 5-34, 5-35 log to internal memory, 5-33, 5-34 logging data, 5-33

logging options, 5-34 long DMA, 1-1, 1-7

accessory kit, 2-3 cleaning Dacron screen, 6-18 cleaning electrodes, 6-13 cleaning/replacing screen, 6-18 cross section, 1-7 excess flow fitting, 2-21 excess flow tubing, 2-21 flow schematic, B-6 installation, 2-24 maximum input concentration, A-4 measurements, A-4 monodisperse flow fitting, 2-21,

2-22 neutralizer, 2-27 old base plate, 2-20 particle size range, A-4 particle type, A-4 polydisperse flow fitting, 2-27 polydisperse flow port, 2-27 sheath flow, 2-26 sheath flow fitting, 2-25 sizing accuracy, A-4 Teflon tape, 2-21 upgrade, 2-20 upgrade kit, 2-2

long DMA electrodes cleaning, 6-13

low sample flow warning, 6-26 lowest channels return zero even

though CPC is counting particles, 6-29

M main screen, 5-7, 5-10

classifier mode button, 5-7 current date and time, 5-7, 5-10 diagnostics button, 5-7 information, 5-7 setup button, 5-7, 5-10 SMPS configuration, 5-7, 5-10 smps mode button, 5-10 SMPS mode button, 5-7 status icons, 5-7, 5-10 title bar, 5-7, 5-10

maintenance, 6-1 maintenance kit, 6-1 maintenance precautions, 6-1 maintenance schedule, 6-2 manual history, ii manual input checkbox, 5-26 manual organization, xvii memory chip, 2-15, 2-17, 2-20, 4-6,

4-7 damaged, 6-26 replacing, 6-27

mismatch between inverted logged data and Aerosol Instrument Manager software when looking at the same data set, 6-29

mobility bandwidth, B-13 equation, B-11 table, B-9

mode of operation, A-3 Model 3077 Neutralizer

flag assembly retaining screw, 2-10 installation, 2-10 long tube, 2-11 neutralizer and flag assembly, 2-12 polydisperse flow port, 2-11 polydisperse flow tube, 2-12

Model 3081A. (see long DMA) Model 3081A Long DMA, 1-7 Model 3085A. (see nano DMA) Model 3086. (see 1nm-DMA) Model 3088 Neutralizer

installation, 2-13 polydisperse flow tube, 2-14 retaining screw, 2-13

monodisperse aerosol, 1-3 monodisperse flow fitting, 2-21 moving, 3-1 multiple charge correction, B-17 multiple charge correction icon, 5-4 multiple charge corrections, 5-4

N nano DMA, 1-1, 1-8, 1-9, (see also

DMA) accessory kit, 2-3 bypass flow, 2-32, A-5 bypass flow plug, 2-28 classifier mounting plate, 2-29 cleaning Dacron screen, 6-20 cleaning electrodes, 6-15 cleaning/replacing screen, 6-20 cross section, 1-8 curved side, 2-19 flow manifold, 2-28 flow schematic, B-7 inlet, 2-17, 2-18 installation, 2-24, 2-28 maximum input concentration, A-5 measurements, A-5 particle size range, A-5 particle type, A-5 reassembling base, 6-17 retainer ring, 2-17 sheath flow, 2-29 sizing accuracy, A-5 specifications, A-5 upgrade, 2-17 upgrade kit, 2-3

neutralizer, 1-5, A-2, A-3 caution, 6-32 installation, 2-10

neutralizer detection error, 6-27 neutralizer field, 5-24 neutralizer housing, 4-7 neutralizer not active, 6-27

Index-4 Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and SMPS Spectrometer Model 3938

notes create, 5-23

O operating classifier, 5-2 operating in classifier mode, 5-7 operating in smps mode, 5-10 operating precautions, 5-1 operation, 5-1

external control mode, 5-51 optical radiation warning, v, vi orifice, 6-4 O-ring, 6-7

face-seal, 6-5 flag assembly, changing, 6-7 greasing, 6-6 radial, 6-5 replacing, 6-4, 6-6

out of range warning, 5-48 overpressure mode, 1-3

P–Q packing list, 2-1 particle counter, 1-10 particle detector, 1-10 particle diameter, 5-8, 5-9

current setpoint, 5-8 particle diameter field, 5-8

particle mobility theory, B-11 performing ISO zero test, 6-21 peripheral hardware

view properties, 5-24 polydisperse aerosol, 1-3 polydisperse flow, A-3 polydisperse flow outlet port, 2-7,

2-10, 2-13 polydisperse flow port, 2-31 polydisperse submicrometer aerosol,

1-3 power on, 2-38 power requirements, A-2, A-3 product registration, 0-3 properties, 5-19

flow tab, 5-19 gas tab, 5-26 hardware tab, 5-24 scan tab, 5-20, 5-22

properties shortcut button, 5-11 purge field, 5-21

R radiation label, ix radiation safety, vi radioactive icon, 5-4 radioactive material warning, vii, 4-1 radioactive pop-up flag, 2-12 radioactive warning, v raw data, 5-35 read commands, C-3 reader’s comments sheet recommended cleaning solutions, 6-2 reference flowmeter, 5-43

reference gas properties button, 5-27 references, B-21 related literature, xviii remove cover, 6-8 replacing flowmeter, 6-11 replacing inline filters, 6-9 resetting factor defaults, 5-48 restore factory defaults, 5-49 restore factory screen, 5-49 retrace field, 5-21 retrace time, 6-29 return to local control, 5-51 returning instrument for service, 6-31 ribbon cable, 6-11

S safety, v

chemical, vii electrical, viii labels, viii, ix laser, vi radiation, vi

sample interval data export file, 5-35 sample raw data export file, 5-36 sample time stamps in Aerosol

Instrument Manager software export files do not match expected actual time, 6-30

saved logged data, 5-38 scan field, 5-21 scan options, 5-20, 5-22 scan size range min/max, 5-13 scan statistics pane, 5-16 scan status bar, 5-15 scan tab, 5-20, 5-22 Scanning Electrical Mobility

Spectrometer (SEMS), B-2 schedule tab

external trigger, 5-23 note, 5-23 number of samples, 5-22 only once/repeat every (toggle),

5-22 scan time, 5-22 scans per sample, 5-22 start time, 5-22 total sample time, 5-22

schematic Electrostatic Classifier with 1nm-

DMA, B-7 Electrostatic Classifier with long

DMA, B-6 Electrostatic Classifier with nano

DMA, B-7 screen calibration, 5-29 serial number label, ix serial RS-232, 4-10 service, 6-32

shipping caution, 6-32 service label, ix setting date and time, 5-28 setting gas properties, 5-26

setting properties, 5-19 settings

view settings, 5-17 setup, 2-5 setup screen, 5-18 setup screen options

calibration, 5-18 data export, 5-18 device, 5-18 logging options, 5-18 properties, 5-18

sheath flow, 5-8, 5-39, A-2, A-3 calibrate, 6-25 setting, 5-8

sheath flow controller, 1-5 sheath flow error, 6-26 sheath flow fitting, 2-31 sheath flow loop, 4-8

components, 4-8 blower, 4-8 filter manifold, 4-8 flow manifold, 4-8 flowmeter, 4-8 heat exchanger and fan, 4-8 HEPA filter, 4-8 sensor, 4-8

sheath flow rate icon, 5-4 sheath flow screen, 5-40 sheath flow warning, 6-27 sheath pressure error, 6-27 sheath temp does not match cabinet

temp, 6-28 shipping, 3-1

neutralizer, 3-2 packing, 3-5 preparing, 3-2 removing lead shielding, 3-4 truss-head screw, 3-2 warning, 3-1

shutoff, 5-53 side panel, 4-4 side-support bracket, 2-24, 2-26 size distribution corrections, 5-4 size range

maximum, 5-21 SMPS, 2-16 SMPS measurement theory, B-15 smps mode, 5-10 SMPS mode, 5-2 SMPS spectrometer

accessory kit, 2-2 caution, 5-3, 5-53 configuration setup, 2-5 hardware configuration, 5-24 ISO zero test, 6-23 optional accessories, 2-4 replacement parts, 2-4

SMPS spectrometer measurements, 4-7

soft x-ray neutralizer, B-11 software

license, iv

Index Index-5

specifications, A-1 status icons, 5-4 storage conditions, A-4 storage temperature range, A-2 submitting comments, xviii

T td(sec) field, 5-21 technical contacts, 6-31 terminal communications, C-1 tf(sec) field, 5-21 theory of operation, B-1

Classifier, B-5 history, B-1 impactor, B-3 particle mobility theory, B-11 SMPS measurement theory, B-15

title bar, 5-3, 5-11 blue, 5-3 red, 5-3 yellow, 5-3

touch screen alignment button, 5-29 troubleshooting, 6-26 tube length field, 5-25

U underpressure mode, 1-3 unpacking, 2-1, 2-4 upgrading firmware, 6-25 upper flow manifold, 6-11 USB communication, 2-36 USB device not recognized by the

3082, 6-29 USB flash drive not recognized, 6-28 USB port, 4-9, 4-10 user calibration screen, 5-47 user recalibration, 6-25

V vacuum grease, 6-6 ventilation requirements, 2-4 view boundaries, 5-13 viewing properties, 5-19 viewing settings, 5-17 voltage warning, 4-1

W warning symbol, viii warranty, iii weight, A-3 wetted material, 4-12

aerosol flow path, 4-12 sheath flow path, 4-12

wrench icon, 5-4, 5-5 write commands, C-8

X x-axis settings, 5-12

cancel, 5-12 max, 5-12 OK, 5-12 resolution, 5-12 view boundaries, 5-12

x-ray icon, 5-4

Y–Z y-axis settings

auto scale, 5-14 cancel, 5-14 max/min, 5-14 OK, 5-14 particle density, 5-14 units, 5-14 weights, 5-14

yellow indicator flag, 2-12, 4-7

Reader ’s Comments Sheet

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Manual Title Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 / Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer Model 3938

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P/N 6006760 Rev. C ©2016 TSI Incorporated Printed in U.S.A.

operation and service manual p/n 6006760, revision c

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