operational amplifire
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Operational Amplifiers
DefinitionIdeal op-amp
Pin configuration of op-ampIdeal Voltage Transfer Curve Of
Op-ampOpen Loop Configuration
& Its TypeDifferential op-amp
Inverting op-ampNon-inverting op-amp
Summing op-ampIntegrator
Applications
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What is an Op-Amp?
An Operational Amplifier (known as an “Op-Amp”) is a device that is used to amplify a signal using an external power source.
Op-Amps are generally composed of:Transistors, Resistors, Capacitors
= + +
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Ideal Operational Amplifier
i
o
Rohms;inputInfinite3.
0Rohms;outputZero2.
Again;loopopenInfinite1.
Ideal op-amp is characterized by:
4. Zero output voltage when input is voltage is zero.
5. Infinite CMRR.
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Operational Amplifiers
inverting input
noninverting input
output
V-
V+
The basic op amp with supply voltage included is shown
in the diagram below.
Figure : Basic op amp diagram with supply voltage.
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Pin configuration of op-amp
A typical one is the eight pin dual package.
The inverting input, pin 2.The non-inverting input, pin 3.The output, pin 6.The positive power supply V+, pin 7.The positive power supply V-, pin 4.
Fig : Op-amp pin configuration and circuit symbol
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Ideal versus Real Op-Amps
Parameter Ideal Op-Amp Real Op-Amp
Differential Voltage Gain ∞ 105 - 109
Gain Bandwidth Product (Hz) ∞ 1-20 MHz
Input Resistance (R) ∞ 106 - 1012 Ω
Output Resistance (R) 0 100 - 1000 Ω
Ideal
Real
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Ideal Voltage Transfer Curve Of Op-amp
Fig: Ideal voltage transfer curve
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Open Loop Configuration
There are three open loop configuration of op-amp. They are :
i. Differential Amplifierii. Inverting Amplifieriii. Non-inverting Amplifier
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Differential Amplifier
A difference amplifier is a device that amplifies the
difference between two inputs but rejects any signals
common to the two inputs.
Fig: The differential amplifier
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Inverting amplifier
In the inverting amplifier only one input is applied and that
is to the inverting input terminal.
Fig: The inverting amplifier
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In this configuration, the input is applied to the non-invertinginput terminals, and the inverting terminal is connected withground.It provides a positive voltage gain.
Non-inverting Amplifier
Fig: The non-inverting
amplifier
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Summing Amplifier
The circuit shows a three-input summing amplifier circuit
which provided a means of algebraically summing three
voltages. Each multiplied by a constant gain factor.
For n inputs we will have, 𝑽𝟎 = −𝑹𝒇 × 𝒊
𝑽𝒊𝑹𝒊
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𝑿𝑪 =𝟏
𝑱𝑾𝑪=𝟏
𝑺𝑪
Integrator
It is the feedback component used is a capacitor the resulting connection is called an integrator.
Fig: Integrator
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AC and DC signals application
Digital-to-Analog converters
Analog computers
Active filters
Oscillators
Regulators
Rectifiers
Clippers etc.
Applications of Op-amp
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Thanks
To
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