optical computing 1

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CONTENT

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INTRODUCTION

With the growth of computing technology theneed of high performance computers (HPC)has significantly increased. Optics has been

used in computing for a number of years butthe main emphasis has been and continues tobe to link portions of computers, forcommunications, or more intrinsically in

devices that have some optical application orcomponent (optical pattern recognition etc.)

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COMPUTERS?

Rapid growth of the Internet Network speeds currently limited by

electronic circuits Terabit speeds are required Traditional silicon circuits have a physical

limit

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WHAT IS THE OPTICALCOMPUTING?

Consider E-mail

.txt format

ElectronicTo PhotonicConverter

Fiber optic

cables

Optical Computers perform computations,operate, store and transmit data using only

light. 5


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COMPUTING

VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface EmittingLaser)

SPT (Smart Pixel Technology) WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

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VCSEL & PHOTODIODE


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TECHNOLOGY

Smart pixel technology is a relatively newapproach to integrating electronic circuitry andoptoelectronic devices in a common framework.The purpose is to leverage the advantages of

each individual technology and provide improvedperformance for specific applications.Here, the electronic circuitry provides complexfunctionality and programmability while theoptoelectronic devices provide high-speedswitching and compatibility with existing opticalmedia.

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COMPUTING

Logic gates :Logic gates are implemented optically bycontrolling the population inversion that occursto produce lasing. A controlling laser is used to

control the population inversion thus causingswitching to occur.

Holographic truth table:Destructive interference with light to be emittedor not is based on phase relationship.

Logic based on gratings: 1 is represented by vertical grating causing

light 9


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INTERCONNECTIONS


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ERCONNECTIONS IN OPTICAL COMPUTI

Fiber optic cables and optical transceivers arewidely used.

Applications of optical communications likefiber channel and computer networking arealready being used.

Chip to Chip and On-Chip interconnectionpossibilities are still being examined.

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APPLICATION

High speed communications Process satellite data.

Storage area Network Optical crossbar interconnects areused in a synchronous transfer modesand shared memory multiprocessorsystems.

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CONT.

Optical Computing In VLSI TechnologyMany researchers have been investigating suitableoptical logic devices, interconnection schemes, andarchitectures. Furthermore, optics may providedrastically new architectures to overcome somearchitectural problems of conventional electricalcomputers. Optical computing as expanders

The optical expander described utilizes high-speedand high-space-bandwidth product connections thatare provided by optical beams in three dimensions.

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ADVANTAGES

Small size High density High speed Low heating of junctions Dynamically reconfigurable and scalable

into larger or smaller topologies and

network Massively parallel computing capability Applications in artificial intelligence

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Although there is a basic speed limitation inoptoelectronic conversion delays ,WDM is usedto get around this limitation.

Promising but there are problems regardingdense organization of optical processing units

but DWDM techniques can be used to overcomethese limitations too.

LIMITATION

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FUTURE TRENDS


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CONCLUSION

Research in optical computing has opened upnew possibilities in several fields related to highperformance computing, high-speed

communications. To design algorithms thatexecute applications faster , softwaredevelopment will have a major impact in thefuture and the ground rules for the computing

may have to be rewritten.

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optical computing 1

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