optima optimisation for sustainable water resources management october 28, 29 th 2004 malta kick-off...
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![Page 1: OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management October 28, 29 th 2004 Malta kick-off meeting National Centre for Remote Sensing - TUNISIA](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f2b5503460f94c46712/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable
Water Resources Management
October 28, 29th 2004
Malta kick-off meeting
National Centre for Remote Sensing - TUNISIA
Tunisian case study
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Water resources state
• Water resources are unevenly distributed in geographic and seasonal terms
(Over 77% of the volume of dam water is stored in the North)
• Population growth and socio-economic development: growth in water need
• Increasing pressure on the country capacity to provide this scarce resource
• Renewable groundwater is estimated to be about 1319 million m3/ year
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Connections (overall)Drinkable water (provision)…………………………….96,4%Drinkable water (household connection)………….79,1%
Sanitation (urban)Connection rate………………………………………….81%
Water consumption :Water consumption in urban environment…….109 L/day/Inh
Annual water Demand per sector and per inhabitant:
Irrigation: 425 m3/yearDomestic: 55 m3/yearIndustry : 35 m3/year
• North: satisfying• South: lack of resources
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[0 – 20]
[21 – 40]
[41 – 70]
[71 – 150]
[> 150]
Price rangem3/term
0,215/DT/m3
0,028 0,170
0 40 70
3,860DT
20
0,430/DT/m3
0,269
0,430
0 70 150
7,600DT
0,650
20
0,170 0,269 0,445
0,650
0,269 0,445
0 70 150
7,820DT0,497
0,790
20
0,170
[150, …]
0,017/DT/m3
0,135/DT/m3
0 20
1,310
FixedFees/term Water cost
Sanitation fees
Water & waste water pricing:
0,215/DT/m3
0 40
0,028 0,170
20
1,310DT
Exemple:0.135 x 10m3 + 0.017 m3 x 10 + 1.310 = 2.830 DT
1 DT = 0.65 €
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Water resources Issues
Over exploitation of surface and groundwater
Urban extension generates a conflict
between :• Water consumption,• Water Waste
Exploitation
1/2
Intensive irrigation using different kinds of
water: • Drinkable water,• Treated water• Drilled water (superficial and deep wells)
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High salinity:
• Salinity ratio < 1.5g/l : reserved for drinking water :
83%
• 1.5g/l < salinity ration <5g/l : can be used for irrigation of resistant crop type 14
%
• >5g/l : desalinization : 3
%
Quality2/2
Capacity
36 billion m3/year
4,570 Billion m3 /year2,7 Billion m3/year: surface water
1,870 Billion m3/year: Ground water
Evaporation: 80 %!!!!!
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Tunisian Water Policy
• Skill development to satisfy water demand without rationning water
• Diversification of hydraulic infrastructure to retain and manage Water Resources
• Progressive law adaptation
• Water is institutionalised and managed by 3 ministries
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Key Stakeholders
Ministry of A.E.H.R Ministry of E.T.P Ministry of Public Health
SONEDE DGRE DEGTH CRDA APAL DGAT ANPEONAS
Regional Agencies
Laboratories and units
Regional Agencies
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Key End-users
• The major consumer of Land and Water
Agriculture
• Constitues a major source of pollution by nitrogen, phosphates and pesticides.
• Irrigated lands represent about a third of the hole agricultural areas
• Agriculture now uses about 83% of the country’s water resources
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Tourism
Householders
Industry
• The industrial sector water consumption: 69.2
Mm3/year
Wastewater is estimated to be about 275 Mm3 / year
(110 Mm3 / year)
(380 Mm3 / year)
(30 Mm3 / year)• The touristic sector water consumption: 4.5
Mm3/year
•The drinking water supply consumption: 175.1
Mm3/year
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Case study
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Geographic location
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Case study State
Area: 1140 km2
Coastline length: 100 km
Extent: from Ras Sidi Ali Mekki to Ras Fartas
Coastline Type: wide and numerous sandy beaches
Marine bottom Type: Sandy and muddy
Area: 630 km2
Coastline length: 53 km
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Case study state
• The increase in the economic and human activities terribly affects the coastline
• Two major rivers flow across the Gulf of Tunis
1. in the north MEDJERDA river (1000Mm3/year) 2. in the south MELIANE river (230 Mm3/year)
• The Gulf of Tunis undergoes:
1. an urban development 2. concentration of socio-economic activities
• Domestic wastewater • Industrial wastewater• runoff water
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Data collection
1. Geographic data
• satellite images in different resolution (10 m, 2.5 m, and 1 meter)
• Arial photographs
• DEM in high resolution 25 meters
• Coverages
• View and simulation in 3 Dimensions
• Land use maps
• Maps in 1/25.000 Scale
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2. Meteorological data
• Temperature time-series
• Rainfall time-series
• Wind speed and direction
3. socio-economic & bibliographic data
• Statistics
• National and regional reports ( state of environment – Land use Master
Plans)
• Studies
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Conclusion
• We carried out many profitable studies about the Tunisian Water Resource Management
• The reports and results of much research study are difficult to be obtained from other institutions ( Lack of communication )
• Reinforce the relationship between local all partners
Information-holders