optm 3041 visual ergonomics semester project reportanikov/optm3041/projects/2015-ve...optm3041 ve...

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THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES FACULTY OF MEDICINE

DEPARTMENT OF OPTOMETRY AND VISUAL STUDIES

OPTM 3041 Visual Ergonomics Semester Project

Report

Project Title: Ergonomic study and design of Biodiversity Coordinator workplace at Plant Sciences Office in the University of the West Indies Students Names and ID No.: McKeisha Dick 813117135 Sideeqa Mohammed 813002331 Tareia Rolle 813004022 Date: November 25, 2015 Advisor: Dr. Alexander Nikov


Contents 1 Selection and description of workplace ....................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Description of workplace ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 User Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.3 Tasks Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Checklist for ergonomic evaluation .............................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Development of checklist and workplace study ....................................................................................................................... 9

2.2 Workplace study ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26

3 Ergonomic analysis of workplace ............................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Calculation of workplace hazard risks .................................................................................................................................... 27

3.2 Summary of problems and corrective measures ..................................................................................................................... 27

3.3 Analysis of data by ErgoEaser ............................................................................................................................................... 29

4 Ergonomic design of 2-5 variants of workplace ....................................................................................................................... 32 5. Usability testing ............................................................................................................................................................................. 36

5.1 2 variants of workplace for testing in usability lab. ....................................................................................................................... 36

5.2 List of users tasks for workplaces testing in usability lab .......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3 Post-test questionnaire for usability testing .............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.4 Usability testing results ..................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.


1 Selection and description of workplace

1.1 Description of workplace

Picture position

1. Company plate with WS# and employee names

Workstation #2, Dr. Luke Rostant, Coordinator of Biodiversity at UWI

2. Common overview of WP without user

3. Right view work on desk (KB use, chair

back support, arms chair support, eye level regarding monitor top)

4. Leg space under desk without user

5. User sitting on chair


6. Other important picture, e.g. phone use, lighting, hand pain location

Arm rest too low, elbows lower than keyboard. (shoulder pain)

Chair back does not support proper posture; Arm rests too low; arm extension; no wrist support (shoulder and lower back pain)

Lighting

133 .


Actual workstation dimensions Recommended workstation dimensions

http://www.thehumansolution.com/ergonomic-office-desk-chair-keyboard-height-calculator.html

Sitting eye height [cm] 121

Sitting elbow height [cm]

63

Seat height to foot [cm]

46

Desk height [cm] 74.5

Desk depth [cm] D1: 81 D2: 45

Desk length [cm] D1:162.5 D2:167

Elbow Rest Height 23

Elbow to Elbow 65

Elbow to Fingertip (middle figer)

50

Buttock to Popliteal 52




Chair

Back Support Height 36

22

Back Support Angle 10°

Seat Pan Height 59 46

Seat Pan Depth 48 47

Seat Pan Angle -1°

Arm Support Height 23 24

Arm Support Width 65

Arm Support Depth 44 40

Monitor

Height 125

Angle 3° 0°

Distance (between monitor and user)

M1: 86 M2: 86

53

Dimensions of monitor (LxH) cm

M1: 44x29 M2: 56x37

Keyboard

Height of keyboard 69

Angle of keyboard 0°

Distance (between keyboard and user)

48 46

Wrist Height (height of wrist support)

1 3

Mouse

Height of mouse 75 69

Angle of mouse 1°


Distance (between mouse and user)

77

46

Wrist Height (height of mouse support)

4 3

1.2 User Description

The workspace may be used by someone: - Average height, because the desk is not high enough for a tall person to be comfortable, but the user needs to be tall

enough to reach the mouse when the keyboard is pulled out; - In position where computers are used for the majority of tasks, which explains purpose of two monitors; - Who does not need to use the phone often, due to the lack of telephone at the user’s desk; - Full time and needs enough space for long days; - Not in position that handles personal or confidential matters of others, due to the presence of other colleagues within the

same workspace

1.3 Tasks Analysis

Relevant % of working time allocated during 1 week/1 month. User uses 2 monitors Tasks on each monitor

Tasks Working time [%]

1. Tasks with the use of larger monitor 70

2. Tasks with use of smaller monitor 30

1.3.1. Tasks with or without use of computer


3. Tasks with the use of computer 80

4. Tasks without use of computer 20

1.3.2. Tasks without use of computer


1. Field Work 80

2. Notes from students 20

Total 100


1.3.3. Tasks with use of computer

Tasks Software name,

version

Working time [%]

Large Monitor

Working Time [%]

Smaller Monitor

Working time [%]

Overall

1. Answer student emails Google Chrome 2 3 5

2. Prepare lectures and assignments MS Word,

PowerPoint, Excel

2013

7 3 10

3. Mapping and data analysis for Wild

Life Survey

R Stats, RGIS 60 10 70

4. Conduct classes online Webex 9 1 10

5. Administrative work for MSC MS Word 4 1 5

Total 100 100

Identify the primary tasks through which users interact with the workstation. Choose two computer tasks for an in-depth description. For each task, describe how a user would complete the task using the existing workstation. Descriptions with sufficient detail are those in which the reader can clearly identify the following types of activities:

physical (e.g., press the button),

perceptual (e.g., read the signs/labels, hear the warning signs), and

cognitive (e.g., decide which button to push, determine what is causing the problem).

Prepare Lectures and Assignments - Type notes in Microsoft Word and PowerPoint to use during classes. - Research information that can be used for lectures. - Determine what assignments can be done to best benefit the students. - Determine the best way to relay information clearly to students.

Mapping and Data Analysis for Wild Life Survey

- Type data received from field work into relevant software. - Create maps based on data received. - Determine which data is significant to the study. - Analyze relevant data. - Determine conclusion from data. - Determine how the findings can be useful.


2 Checklist for ergonomic evaluation

2.1 Development of checklist and workplace study

UWI

Health and safety assessment of company office workplaces Date: 13./10/2015 Observer(s) names: McKeisha Dick, Sideeqa Mohammed, Tareia Rolle

Ask questions/statements in column 1. “1,2” answers (positive/confirming) require no further action; write this assessment in column 2. Otherwise “3,4,5” answers require further investigation and may need remedial action. Ask questions/statements in column 3; write your assessment 1-5 in column 4 and details/text/suggestions in column 5. Then you write your common assessment in column 2.

1 2 3 4 5

strongly agree

(very good)

slightly agree (good)

neutral (no idea)

slightly disagree

(bad)

strongly disagree

(very bad)

This survey is aimed at identifying health and safety-related risks that may be present for jobs/tasks performed at your workplace. Your responses are both valuable and confidential. Thank you for your participation and patience in advance. Employee name: Dr. Luke Rostant Job Title: Coordinator, Biodiversity Workstation number: 2 Department: Zoology Office, NSB

About Employee

Years spent in company: 4 Sex: M[1]/F[2] M Left or Right Handed: R[1] /L[2] R

Years spent on current workplace:

2 Age: 37 Glasses: no[1]/normal[2]/bifocal[3]/progressive[4]/contact lens[5] Normal

Average hours per day spent at your workplace computer:

8 Height: feet 6’1 Education: High school [1], BSc [2], MSc [3], MPhil[4], PhD[5], other[6]

PhD

Weight [approx]: 195lb Details about education: Inter-disciplinary Ecology

Problems to look for when making an assessment

1

CA {1-5}

2

Description/ways of reducing risk

3

DA {1-5}

4

Causes/Comments

5

Corrective measures/ways of reducing/eliminating HS risk

6


CA=common assessment DA=detailed assessment

1 Dimension: Work organization (tasks specification, workload, work monitoring, training)

1.1. Dimension: Task specification (What is your task?)

1. What are your job tasks? What is the relevant average percentage of working time allocated to each task?

Field Work Read over notes from students

20% 3%

Answer student emails Prepare lectures and assignments

2% 10%

Mapping and data analysis for Wild Life Survey

50%

Conduct classes online 10%

Administrative work for MSC 5%

2. What software for what tasks are you using? Percentage distribution (sum=100%)

Microsoft Word 2013 Microsoft Powerpoint 2013 Microsoft Excel 2013 R Stats RGIS WebEx Google Chrome

3% 10% 2% 40% 30% 10% 5%

3. You have control over workflows/tasks order.

1

4. Your job has a variety of tasks to avoid monotony and is designed to be as interesting as possible.

1

5. You do not have overtime work. 1

1.2. Dimension: Workload


6. You are generally able to cope with your workload without experiencing undue stress or tension.

4 If not explain.

1. Preparing lectures every week.

2. Marking assignments in a timely manner.

3. Preparing for exams at end of semester.

1. Create outline of lectures so easier and less time consuming to prepare.

2. Change assignment style for easier marking but also informative to students.

3. Create template for exams so reduced adjustments made for each semester.

7. Your deadlines are well organized so that workloads remain reasonably steady.

2

8. When staff members are absent (sick or on leave), you have a means to avoid an unreasonable extra workload.

1

1.3. Dimension: Work monitoring/performance control

9. There is some monitoring of your work. 1

10. You get feedback from supervisor about your performance.

2

1.4. Dimension: Training

11. I received training in setting up the workstation for sitting and visual comfort (ergonomics/Cardinus).

5

1. No training was received on ergonomics

[1] Training in ergonomics should be proposed to supervisor for all employees

[2] Information material can be given to employees from management to enhance the comfort of the work place.

2 Dimension: Display screens/VDU (monitor, glare)

2.1. Monitor


12. When sitting upright and looking straight ahead,you look at/ slightly below the top edge of the monitor.

3.5 If monitor position is not directly in front of user, the user head is turned to the side.Rotating neck to view monitor places increased demands on neck and shoulders. [4-5]

If your head is not directly over spine (i.e. the head is forward and the chin is out or if your head is tilted up/down [4-5]

3 4

1.User looks at top edge of monitor on main monitor, but top edge of accessory monitor is lower than eye level and to the left side of user.

: [1] Sit back in chair so that head

is directly over spine. [2] Increase height of accessory

monitor where the top edge is at eye level.

[3] Bring accessory monitor closer to main monitor to decrease head movements.

[4] Determine whether dual display is practical for tasks so only one monitor in use.

1. Your monitor is at a comfortable reading distance.

4 Monitor distance is too far from user. 1. When keyboard is pulled out, distance between user and monitors increase.

2. User tends to lean in toward monitor.

3. User has glasses for distance which may compensate for great monitor distance.

1.Place keyboard on top of desk to allow consistent distance between user and monitors.

2. Place a stationary object at the optimum distance from the monitor so user is able to tell when too close.

2. All characters on your monitor clear, easily legible and the image is stable.

1

3. You can adjust the brightness/contrast of the monitor.

1

4. You are not using more than one monitor.

5 2 Monitors 1.User uses 2 monitors, with the primary monitor directly in front and secondary monitor to the left.

Case of 2 monitors

[1] Position the secondary monitor at abouta 300 angle to the primary monitor.


2.2. Glare

5. Your monitor is free from glare and reflections.

1

6. Provided adjustable window coverings prevent glare/reflection and they are working.

1

7. You do not face a window(s) or don’t sit with the back to window.

3

1.Window is a few feet behind user, therefore no significant effect experienced

[1] Change direction of desk if glare becomes a problem

[2] Close blinds to avoid glare

8. A luminary is not located in the “offending zone”.

1

3 Dimension: Input devices (keyboard, mouse, trackball, telephone headset)

3.1 Keyboard


9. You can work with your keyboard in a comfortable shoulder/arm/ hand position.

4

1. Head not balanced over shoulders[3-5] 2. Shoulders: rounded forward, lowered or

shrugged[3-5] 3. Elbows not at a ~900 angle, just below the

desk surface[3-5] 4. Armrests of chair not at the same level as

the desk surface to support your elbows[3-5]

4 5

4 5

1. Head not balanced over shoulders. User either leans toward monitor or leans back in chair.

2. Shoulders lowered while using mouse and typing, lead to shoulder pain.

3. Elbows not at ~90° angle, lower than keyboard.

4. Arm rests are below the level of the desk surface and keyboard, therefore no good support..

[1] Use a comfortable wrist rest for keyboard.

[2] Provide ergonomic keyboard

[3] Change chair to provide better arm rest for better wrist, arm, elbow, and shoulder support.

5. Wrists not in line with forearms[3-5]

4 1. Wrists higher than forearms, lead to pain in wrists.

[1] Adjust seat height so that keyboard sit just below elbow height.

[2] Retract keyboard feet. [3] Use a chair with appropriate

armrest to support arms when keying or mousing.

6. Wrist deviated when using keyboard, mouse or input device[3-5]

4 1. Wrists deviated inward when using the keyboard.

[1] Ensure adequate space for using keyboard.

[2] Use an appropriately sized keyboard.


10. You use your laptop keyboard for less than 30 min/day.

1

3.2 Mouse, trackball, telephone headset

11. You can work with your mouse in a comfortable shoulder/arm/hand position. Your mouse is positioned close to you.

4

4 1. User’s arm is outstretched when keyboard is pulled out, due to increased distance.

[1] Place mouse as close as possibleat same height right beside the keyboard.

[2] Use a mouse bridge (i.e. a hard surface that is placed over number pad on keyboard).

[3] Use mouse pad wristrest

Training may be needed to:

[4] prevent arm overreaching; [5] not to leave your hand on

device when it is not being used;

[6] relax arm straight wrist.

12. Your mouse is suitable for your tasks. 1


13. You don’t have extended telephone use (greater than 1h/day or calls exceeding 10 minutes).

1

4 Dimension: Furniture (desk, chair, footrest, document holder, wristrest/armrest)

4.1 Desk

14. Your work surface is large enough for all the necessary equipment, papers, etc.

1

4.2 Chair


15. Your chair is adjusted correctly and you are able to carry out your work sitting comfortably.

4

Armrests of chairs stop you getting close enough to use your equipment comfortably[4-5]

4 1. If keyboard is out, arm rests stop user getting close to use equipment comfortably.

[1] Sit fully back in your chair, with your back and shoulders straight and supported by the back of the chair.

[2] Train the user in adopting suitable postures while working.

[3] Twin Back Ergonomic Chair

Feet not flat on the floor with knees not at a ~900 angle[4-5] Seat presses into the back of knees[3-5]

4

1. Feet flat on the floor but knees not at ~90° angle.

[1] Lower chair to create ~90° angle of knees.

[2] Use a bigger chair to decrease space between back of knees and edge of seat.

http://www.thisnext.com/item/200AEFD0/23841C2F/Twin-Back-Ergonomic-Office

http://www.thisnext.com/item/200AEFD0/23841C2F/Twin-Back-Ergonomic-Office


16. Your back support position is adjusted to support spine in comfortable position.

5

Back support height does not accommodate natural curves of spine and back support angle does not encouragecomfortable body postures[3-5]

5

1. The backrest height is too high and does not accommodate natural curves of spine.

[1] The backrest height should be adjusted to fit into the small of your back and adequatelysupport the spine

[2] The backrest angle should be adjusted so that you are sitting upright while keying

[3] Change backrest position when not keying.

[4] Try to have straight back, supported by the chair, with relaxed shoulders.

Small of thebacknotsupported by the chair’s backrest[3-5]

5

1. Backseat of chair is slightly reclined, therefore small of back is not supported correctly, which leads to the lower back pain experienced.

[1] Raise/lower the back rest so the small of the back is in contact with the most outward curved areas of the back support.

[2] Attach a removable back support cushion to existing back support.


17. The seatpan is comfortable for you.

4 Front edge of seatpantoo far from back of knee.

1. Chair is too small for user. 1. Purchase larger chair to decrease the space between seat pan and back of knee.

18. There is no space between spine and backrest.

1

4.3 Footrest

19. Your feet are flat on the floor, without too much pressure from the seat on the backs of the upper legs.

1 .


4.4 Document holder

20. You don’t work with a number of paper documents.

1

4.5 Wristrest /Armrest

21. You have comfortable wristrest (height, length, width and slipperiness and sponginess)foryourwrist and forearm.

5 >2h/day work with keyboard/mouse[4]

5 1. Wristrest is hard plastic, therefore not comfortable.

[1] Provide soft, comfortablewristrests for keyboard and mouse.

22. Your armrest is suitable for you, with respect to height, length, width and slipperiness and sponginess?

4.5 Armrests provide inadequate forearm support when keying or mousing.

Armrests too low[4-5]

Elbows away from the bodyarmrests too wide[4-5]

5 4

1. User’s elbows are a liittle away from body, so armrests may be slightly too wide.

2. Shoulders lowered while typing, can lead to shoulder pains.

[1] Аrmrests are too lowаdd padding to bring them up to a comfortable level.

[2] Replace with armrests that can be adjusted to the correct height.

[3] Аrmrests are too wideаdjust to bring them closer together..

[4] Replace with width-adjustable armrests.


5 Dimension: Work space/ work surface/ layout/ work posture/ seating

23. Worksurface height allows you to position upper body (shoulders/arms/ hands) in comfortable position to use keyboard, mouse, pens, etc.

5

1. User’s work surface height is too low.

2. Arm rest is usually always touching the keyboard tray.

3. Adjustable chair is used and is near the lowest seating height.

[1] Adjust worksurface height by deskalator.

[2] Determine desk height for

user height and purchase appropriate desk.

24. You have enough space for legs/feet under worksurface/ desk

1 .

25. You have sufficient space to vary your working posture and get into a comfortable position.

1

26. Frequently used items are within easy reach from your seated posture.

4 Frequently used items are not within normal arm reach with minimum trunk movement[4-5]

1. User has to turn around 180° to get paper from the shared printer

[1] Purchase smaller printer for personal use and place on user’s desk to increase ease of reach.

27. You have adequate and comfortable storage space for your files, supplies, reference materials and personal items

5 More storage needed 1. User does not have adequate storage space.

[1] Purchase extra filing for desk. [2] Purchase desk with more

storage.


28. You don’t have to twist your torso (e.g. reaching behind or across the body).

4

1.User has to twist body to the left to get paper from shared printer.

[1] Purchase individual printer to place on user’s desk.

[2] Encourage user to stand up when retrieving items behind them.

[3] Encourage user to turn chair instead of twisting body.

Workplace Details Take photos of the workplace showing the location of windows and lighting, the operator’s direction of gaze and the direction of north.Make many photos: windows, lighting, employee, etc

Actual workstation dimensions Recommended workstation dimensions http://www.thehumansolution.com/ergonomic-office-desk-chair-keyboard-height-calculator.html

Sitting eye height [cm] 121

Sitting elbow height [cm] 63

Seat height to floot [cm] 46

Desk height [cm] 74.5

Desk depth [cm] D1: 81 D2: 45

Desk length [cm] D1:162.5 D2:167



6 Dimension: Environment (illumination, temperature, air flow, noise)

29. Workstation light is suitable for your work (not too bright or too dim, no glare, reflection on monitor).

1 .

30. You have comfortable workstation temperature (AC) (22-26oC) for work being performed

1

31. You feel that the air humidity is comfortable, e.g. no dry mouth

1

32. Noise levels are comfortable for you. 3 Occasional noise is distracting. 1. Noise level can occasionally be distracting, but not often.

[1] Consider soundproofing [2] Consider organizational

measures to reduce speaking

[3] Cover vent at bottom of door to reduce noise entering the workspace.


7 Dimension: Software

33. You find that the software is easy to use.

1

34. You don’t need support from IT department for using the software.

1

35. You can customize the software to your needs.

1

8 Dimension: Health/hazards

36. You have no complaints (e.g. headaches, eyes, neck, back, hands, wrists, arms discomfort or pains) working at your workstation.

5 Which? Headaches, eyes, neck, back, hands, wrists, arms discomfort or pains[4-5] What could be the reason/source (guess of the worker)?

Shoulders and lower back pains.

1. Chair does not support user’s lower back.

2. User always has to turn to get paper and pages from the printer behind him.

37. Are you not receiving any medical treatment with relation to your work at present? Give percentage (0-100%)

75% If yes which? User has seen an osteopath on 2 occasions and also receives shoulder massages.

9 Dimension: Common

38. You are satisfied with your job and feel comfortable with your workplace. Give percentage (0-100%)

90%

39. List any problems you may have experienced working on your workplace.

40. Do you think you can improve your work performance/results? How?

41. Do you have any general comments to make about your workstation?

Thank you for your time and cooperation with this survey


Summary of problems allocated Corrective measures to solve problems allocated Pain in the shoulders Adjust arm rest on the chair, by bringing it higher.

The mouse should be brought to the same level as the keyboard.

User should avoid leaning forward while using the mouse.

Lower back pain A new adjustable chair the supports the user’s back.

Attach a removable back support cushion to the chair.

Wrist Pain Adjust the keyboard and mouse height to fully support the user’s wrist.

Use soft wrist rest with both the mouse and keyboard.

Invest in a keyboard that comes with a wrist rest.

Desk height is too low Raise desk height

Chair is too low Get an adjustable chair suitable to the user’s height.

Arm rest is too low on chair so there is a lack of arm support Adjust arm rest so that the user’s arm is fully supported and in line with the keyboard

and the mouse.

Mouse is too far away from the user Place mouse on the same level as the keyboard.

User’s elbow is lower than the keyboard Adjust arm rest so that it lines up with the keyboard.

Noise can be bothersome (outside of the room) Consider soundproofing the room by adding padding to the bottom of the doors.

User can also try using ear plugs occasionally.

Chair does not give the user proper lower back posture Use a removable back support cushion.

Adjust chair from seated position to fully support the back.

Invest in a new chair which will fully support user’s back for dynamic sitting.


2.2 Workplace study

4.2.1. Collect data using the checklist from the workplace 4.2.2. Collect data using a lightmeter

Location Lux

A 133

B 144

C Main Monitor- 280 Accessory Monitor- 211

D 297

E 72

F 219

G 256

H 215


3 Ergonomic analysis of workplace

3.1 Calculation of workplace hazard risks

The total health risk is the average of all dimensions shown in the graph: 1. Work Organization: 22% 2. Monitor: 44% 3. Input Devices: 70% 4. Furniture: 90% 5. Workspace: 67% 6. Environment: 25% 7. Software: 0% 8. Health hazards: 75% The total health risk = (22 + 44 + 70 + 90 + 67 + 25 + 0 + 75) / 8 = 49% Total dissatisfaction = 100 – 90 = 10%

3.2 Summary of problems and corrective measures

Present in a table a summary of problems allocated and the relevant corrective measures. Include pictures where appropriate.

Q# Summary of problems allocated Corrective measures to solve problems allocated

0102030405060708090

22

44

70

90

67

25

0

75

49

10

Pe

rce

nta

ges

%

Categories

Workplace Hazard Risks [%]


12, 4

User has to turn head to see accessory monitor; User tends to bend forward and head is not directly over spine; User uses 2 monitors

1. Propose getting a chair that can be fully adjustable and sit with spine against backrest at all times.

2. Consider having the primary monitor of equivalent height to the secondary monitor.

3. Adjust primary and secondary monitors so as to prevent excessive head turn.

4. Consider changing the location/height of monitors.

5. Position the secondary monitor to the sides at about a 30 degree angle to the primary monitor right or left.

16, 17

Back support height does not accommodate natural curve of spine; Small of back not supported by chair; Front edge of seat pan too far from back of knee

1. Propose getting chair that can be adjusted and is also suitable for a tall male.

2. Sit with spine against backrest at all times 3. Adjust backrest so that small of back is in

contact with the most outward areas of back support.

4. Attach a removable back support cushion to existing back support

5. Choose a chair with 2-3 fingers width between front edge of chair and back of knees.

32 Noise levels occasionally too loud 1. Consider soundproofing

1, 9.2, 11

Monitor too far from user; Shoulders lowered; Arms outstretched when using mouse

1. Place mouse as close as possible (at same height right/left) beside the keyboard.

2. A chair with an adjustable armrest is highly recommended.

3. Extra padding can be added to the armrest for support to bring them up to a comfortable level.

4. Raise or lower adjustable work surfaces so that they are just below seated elbow height.


9.3-6, 15, 21, 22, 23

Elbows not at 90° angle; Armrests not at same level as desk surface; Wrists not in alignment with forearms; Wrists deviated while typing; Armrests of chair stops user from getting close to equipment; No comfortable wrist rest for keyboard or mouse; Armrests too low; Work surface height too low

1. Provide soft wristrests for keyboard and mousepad with wristrest.

2. Provide an ergonomic keyboard. 3. Adjust worksurface height by deskalator. 4. Consider adjusting arm rest so wrist and

forearm are aligned. 5. Consider getting a fully adjustable chair

so movement to equipment is not restricted.

3.3 Analysis of data by ErgoEaser

Use ErgoEaser for analysis of data collected. Present the results including screenshots like in Lab1.

Potential Strains Adjustment

Lower Back Strain Lower back support height to 20cm

Decrease back support angle to 6°

Reduce seat pan height to 47cm

Shoulder Strain Increase arm support height to 25cm

Reduce arm support depth to 40cm

Reduce mouse distance to 46cm

Neck and Head Strains Decrease the monitor angle to 0 degrees

Reduce monitor distance to 53cm

Wrist Strains Increase keyboard wrist height to 3cm

Reduce mouse height to 69cm

Reduce mouse wrist height to 3cm


4 Ergonomic design of 2-5 variants of workplace

Design 2-5 variants of the workplace trying to reduce health risk. Use ErgoEaser. Present also screenshots of ErgoEaser.


Variant- The Chair Low Cost Solution Optimal Solution

Lower back support Purchase removable back support cushion and place at appropriate height to reduce lower back strain.

Purchase new chair with adjustable back support height to reduce lower back strain.

Reduce seat pan height

Due to inability of seat pan to be lowered, use deskalators to increase height of desk so current seat pan height appropriate.

-Purchase chair with appropriate seat pan height. -Purchase taller or adjustable desk so current seat pan height appropriate.

Increase arm support height

-Adjust arm rest height to avoid shoulder strain. -If arm rest not adjustable, add padding to increase height.

Purchase chair with adjustable arm rest to reduce shoulder strain.

Decrease arm support depth

Purchase chair with adjustable or appropriate arm support depth to reduce shoulder strain.

Removable back support cushion: $15.49 USD Cost with import: ~$31.00USD

Fully adjustable office chair: $218.00USD Cost with import: $436.00USD

Deskalators: $37.95US Cost with import: $76.00USD

Adjustable desk: $350.00USD Cost with import: $700.00USD


Variant- Inputs Low Cost Solutions Optimal Solutions

Increase keyboard wrist height

Purchase wrist rest for keyboard to increase wrist height and decrease wrist strain

-Purchase ergonomic keyboard. -Purchase taller desk to increase keyboard wrist height.

Reduce mouse height and distance

Place mouse at same level and distance as keyboard in keyboard tray to decrease shoulder strain

Purchase attachable mouse pad if mouse cannot fit on keyboard tray.

Reduce mouse wrist height

Purchase wrist rest for mouse to decrease strain on wrist

Keyboard wrist rest: $8.98USD Cost w/ import: $17.96 USD

Ergonomic Keyboard: $34.95USD Total:$69.70USD

Mouse wrist rest: $6.51USD Cost with import $13.02USD

Attachable mouse pad: $27.99USD Cost to import: $55.98USD


Variant- Monitor Low Cost Solutions Optimal Solutions

Reduce monitor angle and distance

Adjust monitor angle to 0° and place monitor closer (53cm) to avoid neck and eye strain

If angle not adjustable, purchase new monitor with adjustable angle.

Reduce distance between 2 monitors

Place accessory closer to main monitor to avoid neck strain.

Purchase dual display monitor.

Adjustable monitor: $139.00USD Cost with import: $278.00USD

Dual Display: $39.99USD Cost with import: $79.98USD


5. Usability testing

5.1 2 variants of workplace for testing in usability lab.

Prepare 2 variants of workplace for testing them in usability lab. Select from the table below workplace components close to GENIVAR workplace and enter your choice the table Table 1: WP components available in usability lab

WP compon

ents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

keyboard type

keyboard wristrest yes no

mouse type dell

ergonomic x-tech

mouse pad yes no

software

Autocad 2008 standard

Autocad MEP 2008

Autocad 2008 Map 3D

CorelDraw 10

Photoshop cs3

MS Word

MS Excel

MS Outlook

MS PowerPont

Google SketchUp

chair type 1 type2 type3 type4 type5

lighting local lamp 4 lamps

ceiling lighting

AC hot medium cool cold

document holder

type1 type2

screen filter yes no

footrest yes no

phone yes no

monitor stand yes no

Table 2: Selected workplace components for workplace configuration to be tested in usability lab (enter here your choice)

WP components configuration old WP configuration new WP

keyboard type In keyboard tray In keyboard tray

keyboard wristrest No Yes

mouse type Dell Ergonomic

mouse pad Yes Mouse pad with wristrest

software MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel; Google Chrome, WebEx, RGIS, R Stats

MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel; Google Chrome, WebEx, ArcGIS

chair Back rest does not support lower back, 5-wheel base

Ergonomically designed chair, 5-wheel base

lighting Ceiling lighting Ceiling lighting

AC Cool Cool

document holder No No

screen filter No No

desk layout User’s desk simulated as much as possible New layout with adjusted variables

footrest No No

phone No No

monitor stand No No

Present here the sketches of the workplaces (old and new) layout indicating the location of workplace components Old Desk Layout


New Desk Layout

Changes made for New Desk Layout:

Monitors moved to curve in L shaped desk

Monitors closer to user

Monitors moved closer together to decrease neck strain

Keyboard wrist rest added to avoid wrist strain

Keyboard moved to top of desk so at same level and distance from user as mouse

Mouse pad with wrist rest added

5.2 List of users tasks for workplaces testing in usability lab

Prepare 5-10 tasks for users. Task 1: - Create “Web Doc” on WebEx

o Open Firefox o Type www.webex.com into the URL box o Sign in to WebEx using the user name Tareia Rolle and password optm3041 o Create Web Doc with the title “Hello” and the message “OPTM3041 Visual Ergonomics”

http://www.webex.com/


o Save the document o Sign out of the account

Task 2:

- Find a Microsoft Word document o Open Microsoft Word o Open the file titled “Group 2 OPTM 3041” o Underline the words “Usability Testing” and make them bold o Change the font style to Times New Roman and font size to 14. o Save this document

Task 3: - Find a Microsoft PowerPoint document

o Open Microsoft PowerPoint o Open file titled “Usability Lab Testing Group 2” o Choose a different Design and insert one slide o Save document

Task 4: - Create a Microsoft Excel document with a sum

o Open Microsoft Excel o Type 200 in A1, 320 in B1, and 450 in C1 o Determine the Sum o Write sum here: _________

Task 5: - Send an email

o Open Firefox o Open your email account o Send email to [email protected] titled “Optm3041”, with message “Usability Lab”

Task 6:

- Find location on mapping system online o Open Firefox o Type www.arcgis.com in the URL box o Sign in using the username “OPTM3041” and password “ergonomics2” o Make a map o Find Trinidad on the map

5.3 Post-test questionnaire for usability testing

Prepare a post-test questionnaire for usability testing (10-15 questions). Category 1: Match between System and the Real World.

1. I am familiar to the words, phrases and concepts used.

Disagree 1 2 3 4 5 Agree N/A

2. The information is presented in a simple, natural and logical order.


Category 2: General System Usability

3. I would be comfortable with using this work system regularly for 8 hours.


4. I found this system to be suitable for a range of user experience.


5. I believe that most persons would be able to learn how to use this work station quickly.


Category 3: User Guidance and Support

6. The system has navigational aids such as search facilities.


7. Errors made did not disrupt the work flow of the task.


8. I believe that technical support is needed to be able to use this workstation effectively.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.arcgis.com/



9. There are clearly marked exit buttons when I end up on a wrong page. YES □ NO □

Category 4: Flexibility and Control of Interface

10. I can customize the interface to suit the requirements of my tasks.


11. I have no difficulty in using the controls for this work station.


Category 5: Workplace suitability for tasks

12. I can reach the keyboard and mouse comfortably from the seated position.


Comments: _____________________________________________________

13. My wrists had adequate support that allowed me to use the keyboard and mouse comfortably.


Comments: ______________________________________________________

14. I was seated comfortably on the chair and there was no strain on my back and shoulders.


Comments: ______________________________________________________

15. How satisfied are you with your workplace configuration? (Please give percentage 0-100%)

__________________________________________________________________________

Questionnaire Responses

Question#

User 1 Response User 2 Response

Strongly Disagree

Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 No Yes

10

11

12

Orientation of chair was uncomfortable

13

There was no mousepad Uncomfortable keyboard support was too high

14

The slant of the chair was uncomfortable on my lower back

15 40%; I would need to adjust the chair, and the dual screen should be included to more realistically represent my own workstation.

90%


5.4 Usability testing results

Present the results of usability testing of old and new WP (screenshot from OBSERVER, some screenshots from video avi file and photos if available), analyze them and give suggestions for workplaces redesign.

User 1 User 2 Comments

Old WP: no wristrest for keyboard or mouse; monitor and mouse far from user

New WP: wristrest for keyboard and mouse added; monitor moved closer to user; mouse placed beside keyboard; chair supports lower back

Wristrest (keyboard/mouse)

Monitor distance

Mouse distance

Chair

Due to technical difficulties, a recording was not able to be taken of the first task.

Navigation Error

Corrected and Completed task

- Task 1: Create “Web Doc” on WebEx o Open Firefox o Type www.webex.com into

URL box o Sign in to WebEx using the user

name Tareia Rolle and password optm3041

o Create Web Doc with the title “Hello” and the message “OPTM3041 Visual Ergonomics”

o Save the document o Sign out of the account

http://www.webex.com/


Completed task with no errors


- Task 2: Find a Microsoft Word document o Open Microsoft Word o Open the file titled “Group 2

OPTM 3041” o Underline the words “Usability

Testing” and make them bold o Change the font style to Times

New Roman and font size to 14. o Save this document



- Task 3: Find a Microsoft PowerPoint document o Open Microsoft PowerPoint o Open file titled “Usability Lab

Testing Group 2” o Choose a different Design and

insert one slide o Save document


Error in placement of numbers

Corrected and Completed task

- Task 4: Create a Microsoft Excel document with a sum o Open Microsoft Excel o Type 200 in A1, 320 in B1, and

450 in C1 o Determine the Sum o Write sum here: _________



Error in typing title of email

Corrected and completed task

- Task 5: Send an email o Open Firefox o Open your email account o Send email to

[email protected] titled “Optm3041”, with message “Usability Lab”

Completed task with no errors Completed task with no errors - Task 6: Find location on mapping system online

mailto:[email protected]


o Open Firefox o Type www.arcgis.com in the

URL box o Sign in using the username

“OPTM3041” and password “ergonomics2”

o Make a map o Find Trinidad on the map

http://www.arcgis.com/


User 1 Analysis:

This station was set up as close as possible to the original workplace of the original user, UWI Coordinator of Biodiversity. A chair similar to the original workplace was not available for this testing therefore this aspect could not be accurately analyzed. The monitor available was placed at the same distance (86cm) and height of the main monitor used in the original workplace. A book was used to simulate the placement of the accessory monitor. The desk in the original workplace contains a keyboard tray with the keyboard, but the desk available in the lab did not have a keyboard tray. To compensate for this, the keyboard was moved close to the user. A wrist rest was not used, to correlate with the lack of wrist rest in the original workplace. The mouse was placed on a mouse pad without a wrist rest and moved closer to the monitor to simulate the increased distance between the user and the mouse. A phone was not placed in the set up, due to the lack of phone in the original workplace. User 1 was asked to complete 6 tasks, all of which are daily tasks completed by the original user. Task 1 was unable to be recorded due to technical difficulties. Due to the increase in time, it seemed User 1 had the most difficulty performing task 6, finding Trinidad on the ArcGIS website. This may be due to the unfamiliarity of the user with this site since he is accustomed to using R Stats and RGIS software to perform daily tasks. Task 3, finding and manipulating a PowerPoint document, was performed in the least amount of time, suggesting the user is very familiar with this software. User 2 Analysis


This station was set up using revised measurements to enhance the ergonomics of the original workplace of the original user, UWI Coordinator of Biodiversity. A more ergonomically friendly chair with better lower back support was used. The arm rests allowed the user’s arm to be in line with the keyboard, and the curve of the arm rests would allow the keyboard tray to come closer to the user in the original workplace. The monitor was placed at a closer distance (53cm) and at eye level height to User 2. The book simulating the accessory monitor was placed at the same distance as the monitor and brought closer to the main monitor to avoid neck strain. The keyboard distance for setup 1 remained the same and a wrist rest was added. The mouse was placed on a mouse pad with a wrist rest and moved closer to the user beside the keyboard to simulate its placement on the keyboard tray in the original workplace. A phone was also not placed in this set up, due to the lack of need for a phone in the original workplace. User 2 was asked to complete 6 tasks, all of which are daily tasks completed by the original user. Due to the increase in time, it seemed User 2 had the most difficulty performing task 1, creating a web document on the WebEx website. This is due to the unfamiliarity of the user with this site. Task 3, finding and manipulating a PowerPoint document, was performed in the least amount of time, suggesting the user is very familiar with this software. Comparison of Tasks between User 1 and User 2

Task Time to complete task (s) Comments

User 1 User 2 User 1 User 2

1 No reading 170 No reading Navigation Error

2 80 50 Like

3 45 35 Like

4 55 65 Error

5 80 115 Like Error

6 120 70 Like Like

According to the results from each user, User 1 encountered fewer errors throughout the tasks when compared to User 2. The total time taken to complete all tasks cannot be compared due to the lack of readings from Task 1 for User 1 due to technical difficulties. Tasks 2, 3, and 6 took less time for User 2 to complete possibly indicating a higher familiarity level with the software used. Tasks 4 and 5 were completed quicker for User 1. Both users encountered navigation error for Task 1; this was not recorded for User 1. User 1 had no other errors throughout the tasks, but User 2 also encountered errors in Tasks 4 and 5, possibly resulting in the increased time compared to User 1. This may suggest that User 1 is better able to complete the tasks using the software given. The set up of the workstations also provided different results. User 1 was not very comfortable with Workstation 1, but User 2 was more comfortable with Workstation 2. This implies that the revised measurements and adjustments would make the original workplace more comfortable for the original user. Brain Wave Analysis of User 1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

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10

19

28

37

46

55

64

73

82

91

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tio

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Time (s)

User 1 Brain Wave Analysis

Series1

Series2

Series3

Series4

Series5

Series6


Average Percentages for Each Task

Task Short Term Excitement

Long Term Excitement

Engagement Frustration Meditation Valence

2 43% 22% 88% 61% 34% 32%

3 44% 26% 83% 62% 35% 36%

4 42% 29% 98% 59% 38% 36%

5 47% 33% 93% 58% 36% 37%

6 56% 39% 80% 67% 36% 39%

Results were also received from brain signals of User 1 during the tasks. Results from task 1 were unable to be recorded due to technical difficulties. The categories being monitored were short term excitement, long term excitement, engagement, frustration, meditation, and valence. The short term excitement was highest during task 6 of finding a location on ArcGIS, with the highest level of 56%. This excitement may be due to the extensive work User 1 completes using mapping software in his daily tasks. The lowest levels of short term excitement (42%) occurred during task 4, making an Excel spreadsheet. The long term excitement gradually increased throughout the tasks with the highest occurring during task 6 (39%) and the lowest during task 2 (22%). This low percentage at the start of the recording may be due to the short amount of time from beginning to become excited. Engagement was relatively high throughout all tasks with 80% being the lowest percentage at the end of task 6, and 98% being the highest during task 4. Engagement was also high during Task 5. These high engagement levels may be due to the accuracy of the tasks, for example, the typing of the correct numbers in MS Excel to generate the correct sum. The lower engagement levels at the end of task 6 may be due to the acknowledgement that the tasks are ending. Frustration levels remained above 50% throughout the tasks and this may have been caused by the occasional starting and stopping of tasks due to technical difficaulties. The lowest level was 58% which occurred during task 5, and the highest level 67% which occurred during task 6. The increased frustration level in task 6 may be due to the slight delay after signing in to ArcGIS online. Meditation levels were highest (38%) during task 4 and lowest (34%) during task 2. Valence gradually increased throughout the tasks, with a range of 32% to 39% from beginning to end (Task 2 to Task 6).


5.5 Implementation

Picture position Photo initial workplace Photo redesigned workplace

1. Company plate with WS# and employee names

2. Common overview of WP with user

3. Right view work on desk (KB use, chair back support, arms chair support, eye level regarding monitor top)

4. Leg space under desk without user

5. User sitting on chair

An ergonomic chair was unable to be provided to provide better lower back support. Due to the new arrangements, the inadequate armrests of the original chair were not needed due to the user using the desk as an armrest.


6. Other important picture, e.g. phone use, lighting, hand pain location

Lighting

Lighting

Arms at 90°


Health Risks after Implementation

Health Risks After Implementation Change in Hazards Work Organization: 22% Work Organization: 0% Monitors: 25% Monitor: 43% change Input Devices: 10% Input Devices: 86% change Furniture: 50% Furniture: 44% change Workspace: 35% Workspace: 48% change Environment: 25% Environment: 0% Software: 0% Software: 0% Health Hazards: 45% Health Hazards: 40% change Health Risk: (22+25+10+50+35+25+0+45)/ 8= 26% Health Risk: 47% change Dissatifaction: 10% Dissatisfaction: 0% The implementation of the new layout decreased the health risk of the user by 47%. The user immediately stated a positive effect of the new layout on his posture and overall work experience. These adjustments will help to decrease the shoulder and lower back pain experienced by the user.

22

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49

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0

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Hazard Risks: Old vs. New Layouts

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