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Chapter8:Cultureand

Communicati

on

By:BobbyMitc

hell,Phil,andNichol

as

Grayson

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How can culture beidentifed and studied?

Culture as structured

Cross cultural communication and interculturalcommunication

Culture as ransactedCoded systems o! meanin"

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#tructure Based CulturalCharacteristics

Conte$t

Hi"h %s& 'ow

Collecti%ism%s&(ndi%idualism

ime

Monochronic %&Polychronic

Con)ict

Con)ict as*pportunity

Con)ict as+estructi%e

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2uture and Past*rientations

+i3erent cultures assume that the present isin)uenced either by one4s "oals and the !utureor by past e%ents, and !atalism or preordaineddestiny tend to control to a "reater e$tent what

happens in the present&

.#: #hort5term, !uture oriented

6sia: 'on"5term, distant !uture oriented

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Conte$t Hi"h %s& 'ow@

Hi"h Conte$t cultures placea "reater deal o!importance on the totalen%ironment or conte$t

where speech andinteraction tae place&

#poen word is less

important the the rest o! the

conte$t e"& Aelationship@

-$ample re"ions: 6sia,

Middle -ast

'ow Conte$t cultures place a"reater deal o! importance onthe words and the messa"e,reuirin" an or"anied andwell deli%ered presentation to"et points across, re"ardless

o! audience&

Conte$t taes a bacseat,stren"th o! ar"ument rei"ns

supreme

-$ample re"ions: .nited#tates o! 6merica

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Collecti%ism %s&(ndi%idualism

Collecti%ist societies li%eand e$ist with the idealsand "oal o! beneftin"the "roup, rather thanthe indi%idual&

Group betterment is theultimate "oal&

-$ample cultures:apan

(ndi%idualist societies!ocus on the stren"thsand accomplishments o!

the indi%idual, with thesocietal benefts not inthe !ore"round&

2reedoms and desires aree$tremely important&

-$ample cultures:.nited #tates

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Con)ict *pportunity %s&+estructi%e@

Con)ict as *pportunity culturestend to be indi%idualistic&

6ssume the !ollowin":

Con)ict is a normal, use!ulprocess&

6ll issues are subDect to chan"ethrou"h ne"otiation&

+irect con!rontation andconciliation are %alued&

Con)ict is a necessaryrene"otiation o! an impliedcontract&

Con)ict as +estructi%e culturestend to be collecti%ist&

6ssume the !ollowin":

Con)ict is a destructi%e disturbanceo! the peace&

he social system should not be

adDusted to meet the needs o! themembers, rather the membersshould adapt to the established%alues&

Con!rontations are destructi%e andine3ecti%e&

+isruptors should be disciplined&

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Mana"in" Con)ict

+ominatin": 2orcin" o! one4s will onto another to satis!yindi%idual desires re"ardless o! conseuences

(nte"ratin": Combination and !ull realisation o! opinions intoa !unctional, satis!yin" result

Compromisin": (nte"ration sans !ull realisation, all partiesin%ol%ed "i%e somethin" up

6%oidin": 2ailure to acnowled"e con)ict

*bli"in": 2ull surrender o! a position to satis!y another4s&

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Con)ict Mana"ement-$ample +ominatin"@

https:88www&youtube&com8watch?%9tyE>FGry.

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uestions?