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TRANSCRIPT
U.O.No. 1560/2013/CU Dated, Calicut University.P.O, 08.05.2013
File Ref.No.8818/GA - IV - B1/2012/CU
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
AbstractM.A Islamic Studies (CUCSS) - in affiliated colleges- syllabus revised by incorporating 3 papers of
Islamic Economics - implemented with effect from 2013 admission onwards- approved- Orders
issued
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT (G & A - IV - B)
Read:-1. U.O.No.GAIV/J1/1373/08 dated 23-07-2010
2 U.O.No.GAIV/B1/6062/05 dated 17-09-2010 and 06-01-2011
3. U.O No. GAIV/B1/6062/05 dated 18-11-2011
4. Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Islamic Studies held on 11-09-
2012 (item no. 1)
5. Minutes of the meeting of the Faculty of Humanities held on 12-11-2012 (Item No.
I(7)
6. Minutes of the meeting of the Academic Council held on 15-01-2013 vide item No.
IIB
7. Orders of Vice Chancellor in File No. GAIV/B1/181/2012 dated 10-04-2013
8. Letter dated 02-05-2013 from the Chairman,Board of Studies in Islamic Studies
9. Orders of the Vice Chancellor in the File of even No. dated 08.05.2013
ORDER
Vide paper read first above,Calicut University Credit Semester System has been introduced
at PG level in the affiliated colleges of Calicut University with effect from 2010 admission
onwards.
Vide U.O read second above, the I semester syllabus and II to IV semester of M.A Islamic
Studies (CUCSS) in affiliated colleges, was implemented with effect from 2010 admission, subject
to ratification by the Academic Council.
Vide U.O.read third above,the syllabus of M.A Islamic Studies CUCSS in affiliated colleges
was revised with effect from 2011 admission subject to ratification by Academic Council and
the revised syllabus of II to IV semesters was applicable for 2010 admission also.
Vide paper read fourth above, the Board of Studies in Islamic Studies at its meeting held on
11-09-2012 vide item no. 1 resolved to revise the syllabus of M.A Islamic Studies by incorporating 3
papers of Islamic Economics viz., Islamic Economics, Nature and Principles of Islamic Economics,
Islamic Bonds (Sukula).
Vide paper read fifth, the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Islamic Studies
held on 11-09-2012 has been approved by the Faculty of Humanities at its meeting held on 12-11-
2012 vide Item No.7.
Shanawaz T.P
Assistant Registrar
Forwarded / By Order
Section Officer
Vide paper read sixth the Academic Council at its meeting held on 15-01-2013 while
considering the minutes of the meeting of the Faculty of Humanities vide item No. II B has deferred
the matter for detailed study.
As per the Orders of the Registrar in File No. 4579/GAIV B1/2012/CU dated 03-04-2013 the
minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Islamic Studies held on 11-09-2012 (item no.1)
was put up in File No.GAIV/B1/181/2012.
Vide paper read seventh above, the Vice Chancellor after having considered the matter and
in view of urgency, has approved the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in
Islamic Studies held on 11-09-2012 (item no. 1) exercising the powers of the Academic Council
subject to ratification by the Academic Council.
Vide paper read eighth above, the Chairman has remarked that the revised syllabus is to be
implemented with effect from 2013 admission
The Vice Chancellor after having considered the letter from the Chairman Board of Studies
in Islamic Studies, vide paper read nineth above, has accorded sanction to implement the
revised syllabus of MA Islamic Studies incorporating 3 papers of Islamic Economics with effect from
2013 admission onwards.
Sanction has therefore been accorded for implementing the revised syllabus of M.A Islamic
Studies by incorporating 3 papers of Islamic Economics viz., Islamic Economics,
Nature and Principles of Islamic Economics, Islamic Bonds (Sukula) with effect from 2013
admission onwards.
Orders are issued accordingly.
The syllabus is uploaded in the website.
To
The Principals of all Colleges offering MA Islamic Studies
Copy to: PA to CE/EX Section/EG SEction/DR , AR, Tabulation Section/Library/GAI F
Section/System Administrator with a request to upload the syllabus in the University
Website/SF/DF/FC
1
MA- ISLAMIC STUDIES
NEW SYLLABUS(11-09-2012)
CALICUT UNIVERSITY, KERALA
2
M A DEGREE IN ISLAMIC STUDIES
FIRST SEM
1 ISIC01 Core Course Life and Teachings of Holy Prophet 1 4
2 IS1C02 Core Course Life and Policies of Pious Caliphs 1 4
3 IS1C03 Core Course The Foundation of Islamic Culture 1 4
4 IS1C04 Core Course Islamic Economics 1 4
SECOND SEM
5 IS2C01 Core Course The Umayyahs of Damascus 2 4
6 IS2C02 Core Course The Abbasid Caliphate 2 4
7 IS2C03 Core Course Islam in Africa and Europe 2 4
8 IS2C04 Core Course Nature and Principles of Islamic Economics 2 4
THIRD SEM
9 IS3C01 Core Course Islamic Jurisprudence 3 4
10 IS3C02 Core Course Intellectual Revolution in the Middle Ages 3 4
11 IS3C03 Core Course Islam in India 3 4
12 IS3E04 Elective The Revivalist Movements in Islam 3 4
13 IS3E05 Elective Islamic Political Thought 3 4
14 IS3E06 Elective Muslim Historiography 3 4
FORTH SEM
15 IS4C01 Core Course The Ottomans as World Power 4 4
16 IS4C02 Core Course Islamic Bonds (Sukuk) 4 4
17 IS4C03 Core Course Islam in the Modern world 4 4
18 IS4E04 Elective Islam in Kerala 4 4
19 IS4E05 Elective Muslims and Indian Freedom Struggle 4 4
20 IS4E06 Elective The Arab World After World War I 4 4
3
M A Degree In Islamic studies
Detailed Syllabi
First Semester
IS 1C01- LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF HOLY PROPHET
UNIT I Credit 1
Arabia, the Cradle of Semites- The nomads- Asabiyah- The North Arabs and SouthArabs- The Jahiliyya days- Ayyamul Arab- The Basus War-Poetry- Religious andSocial conditions- Macca- Ka’ba- Allah- Geo-political status- The War of Elephant
UNIT 2 Credit 1
The Advent of Prophet Muhammed, Ancestry, Harb al Fijar and Hilf al Fudal,Reconstruction of Ka’ba, The Message and the Mission, Propagation, Birth of Muslimcommunity(Ummah), Migration to Abyssinia, Social Boycott of Banu Hashim, Year ofSadness, Visit to Taif, Ascension(Mi’raaj),The Pledges of Aqabah -Emigration toMadina(Hijrah
UNIT 3 Credit 1
Prophet’s work at Madinah, The Ansar and Muhajirin, Masjid al Quba and MasjidulNabawi, The Madina Charter, Change of Qiblah, Battle of Badr and Uhd- Expulsion ofBanu Qaynuqah- Punishment of Banu Nadhir, Battle of Khandak- The fall of BanuQurayzah.
UNIT 4 Credit 1
Treaty of Hudaybiyah, Invitation to neighbouring states, The Battle of Khaybar, TheBattle of Mu’ta, The fall of Makkah, Hunyan, Taif and the Tabuk Expedition- Thedeath of Prophet- Prophet as a ruler, -His reforms, (Brotherhood, Social Justice,equality)
4
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Ali, S Ameer (1953) The Spirit of Islam, London
2. Ali, S. Ameer(1971) A short History of the Saracens, Cambridge
3. Ali, S. Ameer(1990) Early Islam, Edinburg
4. Cambridge History of Islam(1970) Cambridge
5. Encyclopeadia of Islam (cambridge)
6. Encyclopedia Britanica(latest edition), Leiden
7. Gibb, HAR (1962) studies on the civilization of Islam, London
8. Gibbon, E (1886) Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
9. Hameedullah (1974) Mohammed Rasoolullah. Hyderabad
10. Hell, J (1962) The Arab Civilization, London
11. Nadwi, Abul Hassan Ali (1987) Islam and the world, Karachi
12. Lewis, Bernad (1985) The Arabs in History
13. Sardar, Ziauddin (1978) Muhammed: Aspects of HisBiography
14. Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Mac Millan, London
15. Imamuddin S.M (1961) A political History of muslim spaon, Dacca
16. Irwing, W(n,d) Conqust of Granada and Spain
17. Lane Poole, Staneley (1953) The moors in spain, Lahore
18. Lewis, Bernard (1985) The Arabs in History, London
19. Miranda, AH(n.d) The Iberian peninsula and Sicily
20. Nadwi, Riyasat Ali (1950) Tarikh-i-and Andulus, Azamgarh
21. Nadwi, SMA (1948) Tarikh –i-islam, Azamgarh
22. Saunders JJ (1965) A History of Medieval Islam, London
23. Shaban, MA (1971) Islamic History AD 600- 750: A new Interpretation Cambridge
24. Some aspects of the socio-economic and cultural History of Muslim Spain 1965), Leiden
25. The Cambridge History of Islam, Cambridge
26. Watt, WM(1967) A History of Islamic Spain (Edinburgh)
5
IS IC02- LIFE AND POLICIES OF PIOUS CALIPHS
UNIT 1 Credit 1
Khilafat as an Islamic Political Institution- Khalifah: His qualifications, Rights, Duties,Functions and previlages- Condition of Islamic State and society at the Departure of theHoly Prophet- The question of succession/caliphal issue- ABU BAKR, the Pioneer- HisElection and Accession- Problems and challenges- Assessment of Religious, Social,Political, Administrative and Military Achievements.
UNIT 2 Credit 1
UMAR, the Architect and Master Builder- His expansion- Consolidation andorganization of the State- War with Byzantium and Persia- Institutionalization ofAmir-al-Mu’minin, Shura- Diwan, Baytul Mal, Census, Hijra Calendar, MilitaryBoards- His Martyrdom and Last Days, The model administrator
,
UNIT 3 Credit 1
UTHMAN, the Benefactor and Patience Bearer- Election, Administration, and Socio-territorial expansion- Navy, Army- Ibn Sabae- His Fitna- The Allegations againstUthman- Motives- Violence in Madina- Assasination
UNIT 4 Credit 1
ALI- His Election- The question of Vengeance of Hadrat Uthman’s Blood- Change ofCapital- Battle of Jamal and Siffin- Kharijits, Battle of Nahrwan- Assassination of Ali
6
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Abu Yusuf, Yaqub b. Ibrabim (1352 A.H) Kitab-al-Kharaj, Bulaq, Cairo2. Al-Baladhuri (1958) Futuhal-Buldan, Beriut3. Al-Baladhuri (1959) Ansab-al-Ashraf, Cairo4. Al-Masudi(1894) Al Tanbih-wal- Ishraf Leiden5. Al-Masudi(1927) Muruj-al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al Jawhar, Cairo
146. Al-Mawaridi(1960) Kitabul Ahkamul Sulthania, Cairo7. Al-Tabari, (1961) Ta’rikh al Rasool wal Muluk, Cairo8. Ali, S. Ameer (1953) The spirit of Islam, London9. Ali, S. Ameer (1971) A short History of the Saracens, Cambridge10. Arnold, T.W (1958) The preaching of Islam, Lahore11. Arnold, T.W (1965) The Caliphate, Oxford12. Baksh, S. Khudah (1920) Orient under the Caliphs, Calcutta13. Baksh, S. Khudah (1930) Islamic Civilization, Calcutta14. Baksh, S. Khudah (1937) Renaissance of Islam, Patna15. Cambridge History of Islam (1970) Cambridge16. Cambridge Medieval History (n.d) Cambridge17. Encyclopedia of Islam (Latest Edition)18. Encyclopedia of Britanica (Latest Edition) New York19.Hussaini, S.A Q (1957) Arab Administration , Lahore
20.Ibn Athir (1220A) Al-Kamil fil-Tharik, Bulaq
21 Ibn Kathir (1404) Al Bidaya wa al Nihaya
22.Ibn Khaldun Kitab-al-Ibar
23.Ibn-Sa’d (1957) Al-Tabaqat-al-Kabir, Beirut
7
IS IC 03 - THE FOUNDATION OF ISLAMIC CULTURE
UNIT I –1 Credit 1
The concept of Tawhid, Asmaa’ wa Sifaat, Significance of Tawhid- Its effects on life-, Eman,Kufr, Shirk, Nifakh , Faasik,- Murtadd. Relation between Eman and Amal- Ihsaan- Takwa
Unit 2 Credit 1
Risalath- Brief Hstory of Prophethood- Finality of Prophethood and its significance, Sunnathvs Bidath, Prophethood and its significance. The revealed Books, Quran- The Last Book ofAllah- Miracles of Quran.
Unit 3 Credit 1
The Angels and their Duties. The Concept of Akhirath- Necessity of Belief in Akhirath-Barsakh (Khabar)- Hisaab, Meesan- Siraat, Hell and Paradise. Qada and Qadar- Its effecton life.
Unit 4 Credit 1
Concept of Niyyath and Ibadath. The practices of two Shahadath. Important types ofIbadath- A brief study about the definition and importance of Salat- Zakath-Sawm- Hajjand Jihad.
8
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Imam Hafidh al Hakmee- “The meaning and conditions of La Ilaha Illallah”- Trans MaazQureshi
2. Dr. Saaleh bn Fawzan bin Abdullah al Fawzaan: The Aqeeda of Tawheed
3. Mohammed bin Saalih al Uthaymeen: “Exemplary foundation concerning the beautiful namesand Attributes of Allah” Translated by Maaz Qureshi
4. Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. “ Foundation of the Sunnah- Tans. Aboo Abdul Rahiman FawaazAhmad Zumarlee.
5. Mohammed bin Saalih al Uthaymeen: “The tenets of Faith”
6. Imam Ibn Qudaimah al maqdisee. “The Radiance of Faith, A Guide to the Right path”
7. Mohammed As Saleh Al Uthaimin. “The Muslim belief” Trans. Dr. Maneh Al johani
8. Mohammed bin Saalih al Uthaymeen: “The fundamentals of faith”
9. Abdul Rahiman bin Sasir as-sadi. “The explanations of the beautiful and perfect names ofAllah” Trans. Abu Rumaysah
10. Ahmed Al- Wasabee “The meaning and pillars of La ilaha Illallah”- Trans. By Shaakir alkanadee
11. Muhammed bin Abdul Vahab : “ Explanation of Kalimah of Thouheed.”
12. Shah Ismail Shayk. “Taqwiyathul Eemaan”
9
IS I C 04 - ISLAMIC ECONOMICS
Unit:1 Credit:1
Objectives of Islamic Economics- Human Welfare and Social Justice- Eradication ofPoverty - Economic references in Qur’an and Hadith- Comparative study of majoreconomic systems – Capitalism, Socialism and Mixed economy- Economic Philosophyof Islam
Unit:2 Credit:1
Nature and scope of Islamic Economics– Definition– Normative approach– Sources–Terms and Concepts- Neutral and Non-neutral – ‘Economic Man’ v/s ‘Islamic Man’.History of economic thought- an overview– Deficiency in the existing history ofeconomic thought– Contribution of Medieval Muslim scholars and the contribution ofmodern Muslim scholars
Unit:3 Credit:1
Acquisition and Distribution of Wealth in Islam—Industries and Handicrafts – Zakatand Sadaquah- Kharaj- Ushr- Aqiqah- Hadya- Diyah- Fa’y- Ghanimah- Fidyah-Kaffarah
Unit:4 Credit:1
Islamic Banking- Origin and development- Riba, Its classification and Prohibition -Islamic Banking- the instruments of financing- Islamic Banking problems andsolutions- Major Islamic Banks and their Functioning.
10
Books for Reference:
1. Chapra, M. Umar (1979) Objectives of the Islamic Economic Order. Leicester.2 Chapra. M. Umar (1979) The Islamic Welfare State and Its Role in the Economy.
Leicester.3. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.4. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.5 Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London6. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) History of the Arabs. Macmillan, London.7. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Islamic Banking: State of the Art.
IslamicResearch and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, SaudiArabia.8. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Lessons in Islamic Economics. (Vol 2), Islamic
Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.9. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Principles of Islamic Financing. Islamic Research and Training
Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.10. Kahf, M. (1978) Islamic Economy. Indiana.11. Khan, Fahim M. (n.d) Economic Rationality of Islamic Banking. Proceedings of the Seminar
on Islamic Banking, The Islamic Foundation, Liecester, UK.12. Mannan M. A. (n.d) Islamic Economics: Theory and Practice. The Islamic
Academy, Cambridge.13. Mannan, M. A. (1975) Islamic Economics, Lahore.14. Mannan, M. A. (n.d) Financing Development in Islam. Islamic Research and
Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.15 Mawdudi, S. A. A. (1989) Economic Problems of Man and Its Islamic Solution. Delhi.16. Muslehuddin, Mohammad (1969) Insurance and Islamic Law. Islamic Book
Service, New Delhi.17. Muslehuddin, Mohammad (1982) Economics and Islam. Delhi18. Muslehuddin, Mohammad (1993) Banking and Islamic Law. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi.19. Qasim b. Sallam, (1935) Kitab al Amwal, Cairo20. Qudama b. Jafar Baghdad;, (1889) Kitab al Kharaj. Brill.21. Qureshi, Anwar Iqbal (1974) Islam and the Theory of Interest. Lahore.22. Qutb, Sayyid (1950) In the Shade of the Our'an. New Delhi.23. Outb. Sayyid (1970) Social Justice in Islam. New York.24. Rehman, Afzal-ur (n.d) Economic Doctrines of Islam. Islamic Publications
Limited, Lahore.25. Sadeq. A. H. M. (1995Hslamic Economics. Delhi.26. Siddiqi, Abdul Hameed (1969) The Origin and Development of Muslim
Institutions, Karachi.27. Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah (n.d) Banking without Interest.'28. Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah (n.d) Recent Theories of Profit. Bombay.29. Siddiqi, Muhammad Nejatullah (1970) Some Aspects of Islamic Economy.
Lahore.30. Siddiqi, Muhammad Nejatullah (1981) Muslim Economic Thinking. Leicester.31. Usmani, Dr M. Imran Ashraf(n.d) Meezan Bank's Guide to Islamic Banking.32. Yaqub b. Ibrahim (1302 A. H.) Kitab al Kharaj. Cairo
11
Semester II
IS 2C 01- THE UMAYYAHS OF DAMASCUS
UNIT I Credit 1
Rise of Umayyahs to Power- Muawiyah- War with Byzantines- Karbala- Marwan-AbdulMalik- Abdullah Ibn Zubair- Waleed- Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf- Conquests- Umar II- Musa ibnNusayr- Uqba Ibn Nafie.
Unit 2 Credit1
Arabianisation of the State- Spread of Islam- Condition of Mawalis- Royal life- Capital-Society- The problem of Succession- North Arabs and South Arabs- Dimmis- The AbbasidRevolution and the end of the Dynasty.
Unit 3 Credit 1
Intellectual side- Arabic Grammas – Basara and Kufa- Historiography- Oratory- Poetry-Education- Science- Alchemy- Architecture- The Dome of the Rock- The Aqsa Mosque-Umayyad Mosque- Qusayr Amrah- Painting- Music.
Unit 4 Credit 1
Religious Tradition and Canon Law- Hasan al Basari- Ibn Shihab Al Zuhari- The origin ofIrja’- Imam Abu Hanifa- Origin and Spread of Shiism
12
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Ali, S. Ameer (1971) A short History of the Saracens, Cambridge2. Amin, Ahmad (1949) Fajr-al-Islam, Lahore3. Collins, Roger (1989) The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797, Blackwell, Oxford:4. Din, A.A (1971) –The Umayyad Caliphate, London.5. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest ed.), Leiden6. Encyclopaedia of Britannica (Latest Edition) New York7. Faruqi, IR and Faruqi LL (1986) The cultural Atlas of Islam, Londn8. Gibb, HAR (1962) Studies on the civilization of Islam, Boston9. Hotting, GR (1986) The first Dynasty of Islam, the Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750 London10. Hitti, Philip K (1953) The Arabs: A short History , London12. Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Mac Millan, London
13. Imamuddin S.M (1961) A political History of muslim spaon, Dacca
14. Irwing, W(n,d) Conqust of Granada and Spain
15. Lane Poole, Staneley (1953) The moors in spain, Lahore
16. Lewis, Bernard (1985) The Arabs in History, London
17. Miranda, AH(n.d) The Iberian peninsula and Sicily
18. Nadwi, Riyasat Ali (1950) Tarikh-i-and Andulus, Azamgarh
19. Nadwi, SMA (1948) Tarikh –i-islam, Azamgarh
20. Saunders JJ (1965) A History of Medieval Islam, London
21. Shaban, MA (1971) Islamic History AD 600- 750: A new Interpretation Cambridge
22. Some aspects of the socio-economic and cultural History of muslim Spain(1965), Leiden
23. The Cambridge History of Islam, Cambridge
24. Watt, WM(1967) A History of Islamic Spain (Edinburgh)
13
IS 2C 02 - THE ABBASID CALIPHATE
UNIT 1 Credit 1
The Abbasiya Propaganda- Abu Muslim Al Kurasani- Al Saffah Al Mansur- The realfounder of the Dynasty, -Al Mahdi- Al-Hadi- Harun al Rashid- Rise and fall of theBarmakids- The Glory of Baghdad- Al Amin and Al Ma’mun- Intellectual Awakening-Ma’mun’s heterodox views
Unit 2 Credit 1
Al-Mu’atasim- Formation of Turkish Guards- Al Wathiq-Al Mutawakkil- The laterAbbasids- Causes and effects of the decline- Religious policy of the Abbasids-Administration- Society- Economy- Foreign contacts- Arts and Architecture.
Unit 3 Credit I
Petty dynasties- The Hamdanids- The Tahirids- The Saffarids- The Samanids- TheGhaznawids- The Buwayhid- The Saljuqs- Alp Arslan, Nizamul Mulk- The Shahs ofKhwarizm,
Unit 4 Credit 1
The Crusades- Atabegs of Mosul- Nuruddin Zangi- Salahuddin Ayyubi- Emergence ofMongols, -Hulagu Khan at the Gate of Baghdad- Fall of Baghdad.
14
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Al- Azadi, M. Ubaidulla( 1922) Usul al fiqh, Karachi
2. Al- Azami, M.M (2003) The history of the Qur-anic Text from revelation to compilation,Islamic academy, Leicester
3. Al Hilali, Mohammed Taqi ud ddin and Khan, Mohammed muhsin (1996) Interpretation ofthe meaning of the noble Qur an, Riyad
4. Ali, S. Ameer: (1953) The spirit of Islam, London
5. Ameenul Ahsan Mufti (1962) Tarikh al Fiqh, Delhi
6. Bhat, Abdul Rasheed (1996) Political thought of Shah Waliyullah, Delhi.
7. Encyclopedia of Islam (latest ed.) Leiden
8. Encyclopedia of Britanica (latest ed.) New York
9. Farooqi, I R and Farooqi LL (1986) The cultural Atlas of Islam, London
10. Faruqi, kamal A (1962) Islamic Jurisprudecne, Karachi
11. Fayzee, AAA (1953) Outlines of Muhammedan Law, Oxford
12. Hasan, Ahmed (1953) Early Developments of Islamic Jurisprudence
13. Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Macmillan, London
14. Hussain, M. Hadi (Tr) (1995) Imam Abu Hanifah, new Delhi
15. Ibn Khaldun (1932) Mukaddimah, Cairo
16. Ibn Khaldun (n.d) Kitab al Ibar
17. Iqbal, Mohammed (1971) Construction of religious thought in Islam, Lahore
18. Jalbani, G,N (1988) Teaching of Hazrat Shah Valiyullahi, New Delhi.
19. Khadduri, Majid (Tr) (nd) Islamic Jurisprudene
20. Khan, Kamaruddin (1985) The political thought of Ibn Taymiah, Islamabad
21. Mahmood, tahir (1987) Personal Law in Islamic Countries, New Delhi.
22. Maududi, S.A,A (1963) Towards understanding Islam, Lahore
23. Maududi, S.A.A (nd) Islamic Law and Constitution, Lahore
15
IS 2C 03 - ISLAM IN AFRICA AND EUROPE
Unit: I Credit: 1
Spread of Islam in Africa in the early times. Conquest of Egypt, Under Muawiya, Uqba
bin Nafi’, Under Walid, Musa b Nusair. Africa in Abbasid time, rise of Fatimids,
idrisids, Tulunids, Ikhshidis, Aghlabids Al-moravids, Al-muwahhids , Ayyubids, Burji
Mamluks, Bahri Mamluks, Mamluks against Mangols. Social life of Muslim Africa,
Growth of art and architecture especially in the time of Mamluks, Intellectual growth,
Colleges and Hospitals
Unit: 2 Credit:1
Political and Social Conditions of Gothic Spain- Conquest of Spain, Tariq Ibn Ziyad-Musa Ibn Nusayr-Battle of Tours-The Amirate- Consolidation of Umayyad power inSpain- Abdul Rahman I, II and III- Ibn Hafsun
Unit: 3 Credit:1
The Glory of Cordova- Al Zahra- Industry-Agriculture-Trade-Education, Languageand Literature,-Poetry-Historiography-Geography-Astronomy and Mathematics-Botany and Medicine-Philosophy-art and architecture-Transmission of Arab Learningto Europe. Social structure of Muslim Spain (Community System)
Unit 4 Credit: 1
Collapse of Umayyad Power- petty states-The Abbadids-The Murabits- TheMuwahhids- The Nasrids- Glory of Granada- Al Hambra- The last days of Granada-Mozarabs- Moriscos. Muslim conquest of Sicily- Muslim attacks on Italy- The Amirate-Norman Conquest- Arab Norman Culture- Transmission of Arab learning to Europe.
16
Books for Reference:
1. Amir Ali: A short history of the Saracens2. Budget Meaking: The Moorish Empire3 Carl Brocklemann: History of the Islamic peoples4. Dozy, R : Spanish Islam5. H.K Sherwamt: Early Muslim Political Thought6. Joseph Hell: Arab Civilization7. Jurji Zaydan: History of Islamic Civilization8. Jurji Zaydan: Islamic Civilization9. Khuda Buksh The Empire of The Arabs10. Khuda Bukhsh & DS Margoliouth: The Renaissance of Islam11. Lane Poole: The Moors in Spain12. Lane Poole: Egypt in the middle ages13. Montgomery Watt: A History of Islamic Spain14. Moris Lombrd: The Golden Age of Islam15. Nabin Faris: The Arab Heritage16. P.K. Hitti: History of the Arabs17. P.M.Holt & Others: Cambridge History of Islam18. SA Q Husaini: The Arab Administration19. T.W Arnold: The Caliphate
17
IS 2C 04- NATURE AND PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS
Unit: 1 Credit:1
Unique features of the Islamic Economic System, Islamic Economics and internationalbusiness – Capitalistic globalization and Islamic Universalism
Unit 2 Credit 1
New Economic World order visualized by Islam- Mutual cooperation and Unity- Freemovement of Commodities- The world without interest – Prohibition of Unethicalcommercial practices- Human welfare and Environmental Protection – EconomicRelations Beyond National Barriers and equal Opportunities .
Unit 3 Credit 1
Public Economics– Sources of revenue in conventional economics- Tax and non-taxrevenue- Sources of revenue in Islamic Economics– Zakath, Jizya etc– Heads ofexpenditure in conventional economics and that in Islamic economics. –Principles oftaxation.
Unit 4 Credit 1
Welfare Economics – criteria of welfare in conventional and Islamic Economics –Welfare implications of production and consumption in Islam and its counterpart-Prices and Markets – Behavior of firms and Islamic economy- Comparison of Islamicfirms with conventional firms- Pricing procedure of Islamic firms
18
Books for Reference:
1. Chapra, M. Umar (1979) Objectives of the Islamic Economic Order. Leicester.2 Chapra. M. Umar (1979) The Islamic Welfare State and Its Role in the Economy.
Leicester.3. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.4. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.5 Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London6. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) History of the Arabs. Macmillan, London.7. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Islamic Banking: State of the Art.
IslamicResearch and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, SaudiArabia.8. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Lessons in Islamic Economics. (Vol 2), Islamic
Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.9. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Principles of Islamic Financing. Islamic Research and Training
Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.10. Kahf, M. (1978) Islamic Economy. Indiana.11. Khan, Fahim M. (n.d) Economic Rationality of Islamic Banking. Proceedings of the Seminar
on Islamic Banking, The Islamic Foundation, Liecester, UK.12. Mannan M. A. (n.d) Islamic Economics: Theory and Practice. The Islamic
Academy, Cambridge.13. Mannan, M. A. (1975) Islamic Economics, Lahore.14. Mannan, M. A. (n.d) Financing Development in Islam. Islamic Research and
19
SEMESTER- 3
IS 3C 01- ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
Unit: 1 Credit I
Fiqh:- Meaning, Definitions, History, Importance, Usul al fiqh- Sources of law; AlKitab- Al sunnah- Al-Ijmae’ - Al Qiyas- Development of Islamic Law- Rise of Sects andits effect on fiqh-
Unit:2 Credit:1
The Sciences of Qur’an- Revelation, Kalam Allah- Brief History of the Compilation ofthe Qur-an- Ilmul Qira-ah- Ilm al Asbab al Nuzul- Major classical Mufassirin andSignificance of their works- Al Tabari, Qurtubi, Ibn Kathir, Al Baydhawi.
Uni:3 Credit:1
The Sciences of Hadith- Subject Matter and Transmission, Compilation of Hadith-Categories of Hadith- Some Important narrators- Abu Hurairah- Hazrat Aisha, AmrIbn al Aas, Anas Ibn Malik, Compilers of Hadith- Imam Malik, Ahmad Ibn Hambal-Bukhari- Muslim- Abu Dawud- Ibn Majah- Tirmidhi- Nasa’ai- Ibn Hajar Asqalani
Unit:4 Credit 1
The Schools of Jurisprudence- Hanafi School-Maliki School- Shafie school- HanbaliSchool- Shia Schools., Ahlul Ra’y, Differences between the Schools, Ithihad andTaqleed, Important scholars and works in Fiqh in different schools.
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Books for Reference:
Al- Azadi, M. Ubaidulla( 1922) Usul al fiqh, Karachi
Al- Azami, M.M (2003) The history of the Qur-anic Text from revelation to compilation, Islamicacademy, Leicester
Al Hilali, Mohammed Taqi ud ddin and Khan, Mohammed muhsin (1996) Interpretation of themeaning of the noble Qur an, Riyad
Ali, S. Ameer: (1953) The spirit of Islam, London
Ameenul Ahsan Mufti (1962) Tarikh al Fiqh, Delhi
Bhat, Abdul Rasheed (1996) Political thought of Shah Waliyullah, Delhi.
Encyclopedia of Islam (latest ed.) Leiden
Encyclopedia of Britanica (latest ed.) New York
Farooqi, I R and Farooqi LL (1986) The cultural Atlas of Islam, London
Faruqi, kamal A (1962) Islamic Jurisprudecne, Karachi
Fayzee, AAA (1953) Outlines of Muhammedan Law, Oxford
Hasan, Ahmed (1953) Early Developments of Islamic Jurisprudence
Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Macmillan, London
Hussain, M. Hadi (Tr) (1995) Imam Abu Hanifah, new Delhi
Ibn Khaldun (1932) Mukaddimah, Cairo
Ibn Khaldun (n.d) Kitab al Ibar
Iqbal, Mohammed (1971) Construction of religious thought in Islam, Lahore
Jalbani, G,N (1988) Teaching of Hazrat Shah Valiyullahi, New Delhi.
Khadduri, Majid (Tr) (nd) Islamic Jurisprudene
Khan, Kamaruddin (1985) The political thought of Ibn Taymiah, Islamabad
Mahmood, tahir (1987) Personal Law in Islamic Countries, New Delhi.
Maududi, S.A,A (1963) Towards understanding Islam, Lahore
Maududi, S.A.A (nd) Islamic Law and Constitution, Lahore
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IS 3C 02-INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Unit:1 Credit:1
Development of Philosophy- Role of Greek, Persian and Indian Philosophy- Eminentphilosophers in the Muslim world and their thoughts, Al kindi, Farabi, Ibn Sina,Gazzali, Ibn Bajjah, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Maymun, Ibn Maymun, Ibn Arabi, Ibn Khaldun,Ikhwan al Safa
Unit:2 Credit:1
Development of Medicine- Public Hygiene- Important Hospitals- Important Physiciansand their Contributions- Yuhannna Ibn Masawayh- Hunayn Ibn Ishaq, Jibril IbnBakhtishu- Sinan Ibn Thabith Ibn Qurrah- Ali Al Tabari- Al Razi, Al Majusi, Ibn Sina,Al Zahrawi, Ibn Zuhr- Ali Mawsili- Ibn al Nafis
Unit: 3 Credit:1
Botany- Important Botanist- Alchemy- Zoology- Physics- Ibn al Haythm: the father ofOptics- Geography, Important Geographers and their contributions- Mathematics andAstronomy; Art and Architect, Calligraphy, Education, Important Libraries-Translation Bureaus- Educational Institution and Universities in the Middle Ages.
Unit:4 Credit:1
Muslim Historiography- Geneology, Qur’an- Hadith as a source- Sirah- maghazi,Tabaqat- Important Muslim historians and their contributions- Al Tabari- Baladuri-Masudi- Ibn al Athir, Kallikan- Abul Fida- Al Dhahabi- Al Magrizi- Ibn Khaldun- AlSuyuti.
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Books Recommended:
Ahmad, Galwash(1973) The Religion of Islam, Doha
Ahmad, Nafis (1945) Muslim Contribution to Geography, Delhi
Al-Baladhuri (1959) Ansab-al-Ashraf, Cairo
Al-Bukhari, (1962) Al Sahih, Lahore
Al- Masudi (1894) Al-Tanbih-wal-Ishraf, Leiden.
Al-Masudi (1927) Muruj-al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al Jawhar, Cairo.
Al-Mawaridi (1960) Kitab-al Adkam us Sulltania, Cairo.
Al-Muslim ibn Hajjaj (1929) Al Sahih, Egypt.
Al-Tabari, (1939) Tarikh-ul Umam wal Mulk, Egypt
Al-Tabari, (1961) Tarikh-ul Rusul wal Mulk, Cairo
Al- Asadi, M, Ubaidullah, (1922) Usulul Fiqh, Karachi
Ali, S. Ameer: (1953) The Spirit of Islam, London
Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest ed.) Leiden
Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Ed.) New York
Faruqi, I R and Faruqi L.L (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam, London
Guilame, Alfred (n.d) The traditions of Islam
Hameedulla, M (1959) Introduciton to Islam, Paris
Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Mcmillan, London
Ibn Khaldun (1932) Mukaddima, Cairo
Ikram, S.M (1964) History of muslim civilization, New York
Iqbal, Mohammed (1971) Reconstruction of religious thought in Islam, Lahore
Khan, Qamarudheen (1985) The political thought of Ibn Taymiah, Islamabad
Mahdi, Muhsin (1957) Ibn Khaldun’s philosophy: a study in the foundations of the science ofculture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Maududi, S.A.A (1988) Islimi Riyasat, Lahore
Muslehuddin, M (n,d) The philosophy of Islamic law and the Orientalists.
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IS 3C 03 -ISLAM IN INDIA
Unit-1 Credit I
Indo-Arab Trade Links before the Rise of Islam in india-- The Gazanavids and Ghoris-Delhi Sultanate- Qutubudden Aibak, Consolidation under Ilthutmish, Balban, -socityand administration under Khiljis and Tughlaqs. Causes of decline- - Ziaudin Barani,isami, Amir Khusru, Origin and Development of Sufism and spread of Islam in india,chisthi andSuharawardi Silsila
Unit 2 Credit:1
Establishment of Mughal Empire-factors responsible for Babur’s success, - SuriDynasty, Humayun and Shia influence. Akber and His Religious Discussions, Jahangirsrelation with non Muslims, Religious climate under Shahjahan. Aurangzib and the warof succession. Religious policy of Aurangazeb - Influence of Islam on Indian Society.The decline and fall of Mughal Empire. Development of architecture in india underSulthanate and Mughals.
Unit:3 Credit:1
Petty Muslim Dynasties of India- Bijapur Sultanate, Sharqi Sultanate at Jaunpur ,Naizams of Hyderabad, Muslims against the British Rule- Hyder Ali, Tippu Sulthan-Navab Siraju Dawla- Rohillas- - The Fara’adi movement- The revolt of 1857, UbaidullaSindi and Firangi Mahalli. Muslims after Independence; an Overview.
Unit:4 Credit:1
Islam in Kerala- Origin and spread- Ponnani as a Learning Centre, Mappilas againstthe Portuguese- Kunjali Marakkars- Mappilas against British Imperialism-TheMalabar Rebellion of 1921. Rise of Muslims in Kerala Politics.
24
Books recommended:
1. Ashraf, K.M (nd) Life and Condition of the People of Hindustan,
2. M. Habib and K.A Nizami, Comprehensive History of India
3. R.P. Tripathi, Some Aspects of Muslim Administration
4. S.R Sharma, Religious Policy of Mughal Emporers
5. M. Athar Ali, The religious Issue in the War of Succession
6. Irfan Habib, The Agrarian System in Mughal India
7. Zainudden Makhdoom, Thuhfath-ul-Mujahideen
8. C.K. Kareem, Prajeena Keralavum Muslim Avirbhavavum (Mal), ISA Publications,Calicut,1999
9. Ronald. E. Miller, Mappila Muslims of Kerala, Orient Longmans Ltd, Madras, 1976
10. Habeebullah, A.B.M (1945) The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India, Allahabad.
11. Hardy, Peter (1960) The Historians of Medieval India, London
12. V. A Smith, Akber The Great Mughal
13. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, From Plassy to Partition, History of Modern India
14. Iqram, S.M and Rashid (1961) History of Islam Civilization in India, Lahore.
15. Iqram, S.M (nd) History of Muslim Civilization
16. Iqram, S.M (nd) History of Muslim Rule in India
17. Islam R (2002) Sufism in South Asia, O U P, Karachi
18. Jagunath Sarkar, History of Aurangazeb
19. M.N. Pearson, The Decline of Mughal Empire
20. Persy Brown, Indian Architecture (Islamic Period)
21. K.N. Panikkar, Again Lord and State, Religion and peasant Uprising in Malabar 1836-1921
22. Bibin Chandra, India’s Struggle for Independence , India After Independence
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IS 3E 04 - THE REVIVALIST MOVEMENTS IN ISLAM (Elective)
Unit:1 Credit:1
Meaning and Concept of Revivalism (Tajdeed)- Difference between Revivalism andModernism- History of Islamic Revivalism- Prophet Mohammed As a Role Model-Sahabah as a saved sect- Aqeeda of Ahlu Sunnah wal Jama’- Tabie- Tabul Tabie UmarIbn Abdul Aziz- Imam Shafie- Imam Ahmed Ibn Hambal.
Unit:2 Credit:1
Thasawwuf and Revivalism, Hasan al Basari, Junaid al Bagdadi, , -, Qutb, GhausNujabae etc.., Important Silsilas- Qadiri- Chishti- Naqshabandi-Suhrawardi- Shadhili-Rifaee. Criticism to Sufism
Sanusiyah Movement, Pan Islamism, Ikhwanul Muslimun, Wahabi Movement,
Unit 3 Credit:1
Thinkers and Movements in Indian sub continent-Mueenudden Chishthi, SayyidAhmad Sir Hindi- Shah Waliullah- Shah Abdul Aziz. Allama Iqbal, Sir Sayyid AhmadKhan and Aligarh Movement- Ali Brothers and Khilafat movement- Deobandi andBarelvi Movements. Jama’t e Islami, Thableeg Jama’ath.
Unit:4 Credit:1
Thinkers and movements in Kerala-Makhdooms of Ponnani, Mamburam Thangal,Umer Qazi, Sayed Fadl of Mamburam, Sayed Sanaulla Makhthi Thangal, ChalilakathKunchahammed Haji, Khilafat Movement in Kerala. Revivalism in Kerala (Historyand Work of important Movements- Aikya Sangam, Samastha, K.N.M, Jamath-e-Islami).
26
Books for Reference:
1. Agwani, M. S. (1986) Islamic Fundamentalism in India, Chandigarh.2. Ahmad, Aziz (1964) Studies in Islamic Culture in Indian Environment. Oxford.3. Ahmad. Aziz (1967') Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan, 1857-1964.
Oxford.4. P.A Nicholson, Studies in Islamic Mysticism, Cambridge, 19675. Ali, Muhammad (1946) Mv Life: A Fragment, Lahore.6. Baljon, J. M. S. (1964) The Reforms and Religious Ideas of Sir Syed Ahmcd
Khan, Lahore.7. Sufism in Islam, Edited by Masood Ali Khan, .Ram, Anmol Publication, Delhi8. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.9. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.10. Esposito, J. L. (199 U Islam the Straight Path, New York.11.Esposito, J. L. (1991) Oxford Encyclopaedia of Modern Islamic World. New
York12. Esposito, J. L. (2005) Oxford Dictionary of Islam, New York.13. Faruq'i, \. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam.
London14. Ihya, Uloomidden, Imam Gazali15. Gibb, H. A. R. (1947) Modern Trends in Islam. Chicago.16. Haq, Mushirul (1970) Muslim Politics in Modern India 1857-1947. Meerut.17. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) History of the Arabs. Macmillan, London.18. Hourani, Albert (1969) Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939.
Oxford.19. Hujja-thulla-al Baliga, Shah Waliyyulla Dahlavi20. Khan, M. A. (n.d) A History ofFaraidi Movement in Bengal. Dacca.21. Khan, Qamaruddin (1985) The Political Thought oflbn Tavmivah.
Islamabad.22. Malik, Hafeez (ed.) Idbal: Poet Philosopher of Pakistan. New York.23. Mawdudi, S. A. A. Tajdid wa Ihya' Din. Islamic Publication, Lahore.24. Awarif-ul-Maarif, Umer Shihabudden Suhrawardi25. Mehr, Ghulam Rasul (n.d) Ahmed Shaheed, Ghulam Ali & Sons, Karachi.26. Mujeeb, Muhammad (1967) Indian Muslims, London.27. Qutb, Sayyid (1950) In the Shade of the Our'an. New Delhi.28. Rizvi, S. A. A. (n.d) The Breakdown of Traditional Society.29. Robinson, F. (1975) Separatism among Indian Muslims (1860-1923).
Delhi.30. Sardar, Ziauddin (1979) The Future of Muslim Civilization. London.31. Shaikh, M.N.( 1982) Memoirs of Hasan al Banna Shaheed. Delhi.32. Smith, Wilfred Cantwell (1946) Modern Islam in India. London.33. Zaman, W (n.d) Iranian Revolution: A Profile.
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IS 3 E 05- ISLAMIC POLITICAL THOUGHT (Elective)
Unit 1 Credit 1
Islamic Principles of State and Society- Prophethood and Khilafat – The structure ofIslamic Government – Difference between Nationality and Islamic Brother Hood- Islamand Democracy-Rights of a Ruler in the Islamic State- Duties of Citizens to the Ruler-Walae’, Barae’
Unit 2 Credit:1
Functions and Objectives of an Islamic State,-Objectives of Armed Jihad-Conditions ofJihad, The importance of Islamic Shariat- Allah- The Law giver- Difference BetweenKhilafat and Mulukiyat- Role of Ulama in the State. Rights of Non-Muslims in theIslamic State.
Unit 3 Credit 1
The Shia Concept of Imamat and Khilafat – Principles of Ahlusunnah on the matter ofkhilafat- The Importance of Baia’t- Thoughts of Ahmed Ibn Hanbal- Ibn Taymiyyahon relations concept of the ideal society.
Unit: 4 Credit 1
A critical study of Tauhidul Hakimiyat of Abul Ala Maududi- His conepts on Deen-Ibadat- Rabb- Ilah- Political ideologies of Hasan al Banna and Sayyid Qutub. PolicalThought of Najmudden Arbakan and his Followers in Turkey.
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BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Ahmad, Aziz (1967) Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan, 1857-1964.Oxford. ,
2. Ahmed, Sayed Riaz (1976) Maulana Maududi and Islamic State. Lahore.3. Ali.S. Ameer (1953) The Spirit of Islam. London.4. Arnold. T. W.(1981) The Legacy of Islam. Oxford.5. Bhat, Abdul Rashid (1996) Political Thought of Shah Wali-u Allah. Delhi6. Black, Antony (2003) The History of Islamic Political Thought, Edinburgh.7. Charles (1955) An Arab Philosophy of History. London.8. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.9. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.10.Esposito, J. L. (1991) Islam the Straight Path. New York.11.H.Esposito, J. L. (1991) Oxford Encyclopaedia of Modern Islamic World
Islam.New York.12. Esposito, J. L. (2005) Oxford Dictionary of Islam. New York13. Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London14. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) History of the Arabs. Macmillan, London.15. Ibn Khaldun (1969) The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, translated by Franz
Rosenthal, Princeton University Press, Princcton.16. Iqbal, Muhammad (1971) Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Lahore.17. Jalbani, G. N. (1988) Teachings ofHazrat Shah Waliyullah , New Delhi.18. Khan, Qamaruddin (1985) The Political Thought of Ibn Taymiyah. Islamabad.19. Mahdi, Muhsin (1957) Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy: A Study in the Foundation of the Science of
Culture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago20. McDonald, D. B. (1963) Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutionalist
Theory, Lahore.21. Muttahari, Murtaza (1985) Society and History, Tehran.22. Nasr, Seyyid Hossein (1964) Three Muslim Sages, Cambridge: 1964.23. Nasr, Seyyid Hossein (1966) Ideals and Realities in Islam, London.24. Nasr, Seyyid Hossein (1970) Science and Civilization in Islam, New York.25. Rosenthall, E. I. J. (1962) Political Thought in the Medieval Islam. Cambridge.26. Sardar, Ziauddin (1979) The Future of Muslim Civilization. London.27. Siddiqi, Abdul Hamecd (1969) The Origin and Development of Muslim
Institutions, Karachi.28. Zakaria, Rafiq (1993) Iqbal: The Poet and the Politician. New Delhi
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IS 3 E 06- MUSLIM HISTORIOGRAPHY (Elective)
Unit: 1 Credit:1
Influence of Islam on the Development of Historical consciousness- Muslim HistoricalMaterials- Inscriptions of Epigraphs- Dam of Ma’arib- The Torah and New Testament-Ayyamul Arab- Diwan al Arab-Poetical Traditions in Islamic period- Qur-an- Hadith-Genealogy- Khabar- Tabaqat- Seerah- Maghazi- Taniq (annals)
Unit 2 Credit 1
Major Muslim Historians- Ibn Ishaq- Al Waqidi- Ibn Hisham- Ibn Sa’d- Al Tabari- AlBaladhuri- Al Masudi- Miskawayh- Al Katib al Baghdadi- Ibnal Athir- Ibn Kallikan-Abul Fida- Al Dhahabi- Ibn al Khatib-Al Magrizi- Al Suyuti
Unit 3 Credit 1
Arab Philosophy of History- Ibn Khaldun- His Life and works- Sociology andunderstand History- Nature of Society- Climatic conditions- Al Asabiya: Meaning andImplications- History as a cycle- ‘Al Umran’ science of human culture
Unit 4 Credit 1
Origin and Development of Indo-muslim Historiography- Minhaj Siraj Jansjani- AmirKhusru- Ziauddin Barani- Sahiruddin Muhammed Babur- Abdul Qadir Badauni- AbulFazl- Gulbadan Beegam- Farishta.
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Books for Reference:
1. Al- Tabari (1939) Tarikh-ul Umam wal-Muluk. Egypt.2. Al- Tabari, (1961) Ta'rikh al Rusul wal Muluk. Cairo3. Ali, B. Sheikh (1978) History: Its Theory and Method, New Delhi.4. Ali. S. Ameer (1953) The Spirit of Islam. London.5. Ali, S. Ameer (1971) A Short History of the Saracens. Cambridge.6. Ali, S. Ameer (1990) Early Islam. Edinburgh.7. Ali, S.Ameer (n.d) Islamic Culture.8. Ashraf, Syed All (1980) Koranic Concept of History. England.9. Bloch, Marc (1959) The History. London.10. Carr, E.H. (1961) What is History?. London.11. Charles (1955) An Arab Philosophy of History, London.12. Collingwood, R.G. (1906) The Idea of History. Oxford.13. Duri, A. H. (1979) The Rise of Historical Writing Among the Arabs. Delhi.14. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.15. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.16. Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London Flint(1969) History of the Philosophy of History. Edinburgh.17. Faruqi, Nizar Ahmed (1979) Early Muslim Historiography. Delhi.18. Galbraith, V.H. (n.d.) An Introduction to the Study of History. London.28. Gawronsky, Donald V. (1969) History: Meaning and Methods. USA.19. Hardy, Peter (1960) Historians of Medieval India. London.20. Hegel (1952) The Philosophy of History. New York.21. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) History of the Arabs. Macmillan, London.22. Issawi, Charles (1955) An Arab Philosophy of History. London.23-Mahdi, Muhsin (1957) Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy: A Study in the Foundation of the Science ofCulture. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
24. Margolioth, D. S. (1930) Lectures on Arab Historians. Calcutta.25. Muttahari, Murtaza (1985) Society and History. Tehran.26. Phillips, C.H. (1961) The Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon. London.27. Phillips, Ragby (Latest Edition) Culture and History. California.28. Plankhanev, G. V. (1946) The Materialistic Conception of History. Moscow.29. Rasul, M. Ghulam (1968) Origin and Development of Muslim Historiography. Lahore.30. Rosentha), E. 1. J. (n.d) History of Muslim Historiography. Leiden.31. Shariati, Dr. Ali (1979) On the Sociology of Islam. Berkeley.32. Siddiqi, Abdul Hameed (n.d) Interpretation of History. Lahore33. Siddiqi, M. Mazheruddin, (1993) The Koranic Concept of History. Islamic
Research Institute, Islamabad.34. Spenglar. Oswald (1954) Decline of the West, London.35. Stern, Alfred (1962) Philosophy of History and the Problem of Values. Hague.36. Thompson (1952) History of Historical Writing. New York,37. Toynbee, Arnold (1947-51) A Study of History, London.38. Walsh, W. H. (n.d) An Introduction to Philosophy of History.
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SEMESTER 4
IS 4 C 01- THE OTTOMANS AS WORLD POWER
Unit:1 Credit:1
Origin and Growth of Ottoman Power- The Ghazi societies of Asia Minor- The Declineof the Byzantine Empire- Golden age of the Ottomans- Murad II, Muhammed II andconquest of Constantinople- Bayazid II- Salim I and Assumption of Caliphate.
Unit: 2 Credit:1
Sulaiman the magnificent- Ottoman Expansion- Administration, Economy- socialInstitutions- Art and Architecture- Millat Systems- Role of Ulama- Yanicheri- TheDecline of the Dynasty
Unit:3 Credit:1
The Tanzimat Reforms- Abdul Hameed- Young Turk Revolution of 1908- I world war-Formation of the Secular Republic of Turkey- Mustafa Kamal Attaturk- His AntiIslamic Policies
Unit:4 Credit:1
Egypt under the Ottoman power- Napoleon’s Conquest- Mohammed Ali and the Riseof Modern Egypt- The Construction of Suez Canal
Causes for the decline of Muslim power in the modern world (development ofmodernity and cultural decay), an overview.
32
Books for Reference:
1. Bernard Lewis: The Emergence of Modern Turkey
2. E.F.Knight: Turkey’s awakening
3. Edward S Creasy: History of the Ghoman Turks
4. Kenel H. Harpet: Turkey’s Politics
5. Lane Poole S: Turkey
6. PM Holt & Others: Cambridge History of Islam
7. Pani Wittek: The Rise of the Ottoman Empire
8. Philip Price: A History of Turkey
9. S.N. Fisher: The Middle East
33
IS 4 C 02- ISLAMIC BONDS (SUKUK)
Unit: I Credit:1
Sukuk the alternate of Bonds
• Principles of securitization : Conventional and Islamic• Overview of Sukuk market• The Shariah requirements of securitisation• AAOIFI Stands of Sukuk• Role and importance of Sukuk in Islamic Capital Market
Unit:2 Credit:1
The Basic structures and parameters of Sukuk
• Evolution & Definition• Essential difference between conventional Bonds & Sukuk• Risk Factors• Ratings of Sukuk
Unit:3 Credit:1
Types of Sukuk
• Sukuk al Ijarah• Sukuk al Salam• Sukuk al Istisna• Sukuk al Mudaraba• Sukuk al Musharaka
UNIT-4 Credit-I
Issues and Shariah concerns of Sukuk
• Conclusive rates of return; purchase undertaking, profit distribution• Sale and lease back• Trading of Sukuk• Guaranteeing Sukuk return
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Suggested Readings:
1. Adam, J. Nathif and Thomas, Abdulkader, Islamic Bonds: Your Guide to Structuring,Issuing and investing in Sukuk, Euromoney Publications, 2005.
2. Ayman H. Abdel-Khaleq and Christopher F. Richardson, “New Horizons for IslamicSecurities: Emerging Trends in Sukuk Offerings”, Chicago Journal of InternationalLaw, Vol. 7 No.2, 2007
3. Ayub, Mohammad, Securitisation, Sukuk and Fund Management Potential to beRealized by Islamic Financial Institutions, State Bank of Pakistan, 2005
4. Haneef, Mohamed Rafe, Recent Trends and Innovations in Islamic Debt Securities:Prospects for Islamic Profit and Loss Sharing Securities, Proceedings of SeventhHarvard University Forum on Islamic Finance, Harvard Law School, 2006
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IS 4 C 03- ISLAM IN THE MODERN WORLD
Unit: 1 Credit:1
The Muslim world at the end of 19th century- End of Ottomans. The rise ofnationalisms, Arab Nationalism, Pan-Islamism, Pan-Turkism and Birth of TurkishRepublic, The Palestine Problem- Zionism- Establishment of Israel- Arab-IsraeliConflict- Egypt- Israel War- Camp David Accord. Palestine Liberation Organization,
Hamas, Intifada, Oslo Accord and Palestine Authority- Yasar Arafat.
Unit 2 Credit 1
Emergence of Muslim states in Arab Sub-continent and Africa in the 19th century. Briefhistory and status of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, U.A.E.,Oman, Yemen, Egypt Morocco, Sudan, Nigeria, Tunisia and Libya. Arab SpringCauses and Effects
Unit 3 Credit 1
The Muslims of Central Asia- Position of Muslims under Czarist Regime- Central Asiaon the eve of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.- Basmachi movement and Anver Pasha-Socio- economic and Religious-cultural condition in the Soviet Republics- Emergence ofIndependent Muslim states- The struggle in Chechnya, Modern Iran and Afanisthan
Unit 4 Credit 1
Muslims of America and Europe- Spread of Islam. Transition to Islamic Mainstream-Islam in Australia and New Zealand. America and Modern World- The media waragainst Islam- Jewish/Zionist control of Global Media and Hollywood- Islamophobia-Freemasonry- The collapse of Twin Towers of W. T.C and its effects on Islam.
36
Books for Reference
1. Dani. A. H. (2002) Central Asia Today2. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.3. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.4. Esposito, John L. (1992) The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? Oxford
University Press, New York.5. Esposito, John L. (2002) Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. Oxford
University Press, New York.6. Eversley, Lord (1959) The Turkish Empire. Lahore.7. Faruqi, I. Rand Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London8. Fukuyama, Francis (1998) The End of History and the Last Man. Bard,
New York.9. Fukuyama, Francis (2006) America at the Crossrroads: Democracy, Power
and the Neoconservative Legacy, Yale University Press.10. Gibb, H.A.R. & Bowen H. (1950) Islamic Society and the West. London.11. Gibbon H. A. (1916) The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, Oxford.12. Haley, Alex (n.d) The Auto Biography ofMalcolm-X.13 Hii-o, Dilip (2002) War without End. Routledge, London.14. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) History of the Arabs, Macmillan, London.15. Huntington, Samuel P. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of
World Order, Simon and Schuster, New York.16. Ibn Khaldun (1969) The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, translated by Franz Rosenthal,
Princeton University Press, Princeton.17. Izelbegovic, Alija Ali (1993) Islam Between East and West. American Trust
Publications, Indianapolis.18. Khan, M. A. Muqtedar, (2002) American Muslims: Bridging Faith and
Freedom. Amana Publications, Beltsville, Maryland.19. Lewis, Bernad (1998) The Multiple Identities of the Middle East. Schocken Books. New York.20. Mohamed, Mahathir (2001) Islam and the Muslim Ummah, Prime Minister's
Office, Putrajaya, Malaysia.21. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2002) The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values of Humanity. HarperSan
Francisco, New York.22. Rashid, Ahmed (2000) Talibart: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in
CentralAsia. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.23. Said, Edward W. (1978) Orientalism. Penguin Books, New York.24. Said, Edward W. (1993) Culture and Imperialism. Chatto and Windus,
London.25. Sardar, ^iauddin (1979) The Future of Muslim Civilization. London.26. Sardar, ^.iauddin and Davies, Merryl Wyn (2002) Why Do People Hate America Icon Books
Limited, Cambridge.
27. Segesvary, Victor (2000) Dialogue of Civilizations: An Introduction toCivilizational Analysis, United Press of America, Lanham, Maryland.
28. Shaw, Stanford J. (1976) History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Vol. 1. (1280-1808), Cambridge University Press.
29. Zakaria, Fareed (2003) The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home. Viking Books,New York.
37
IS 4 E 04- Islam in Kerala (Elective)
Unit: 1 Credit: 1
Foreign contacts of Kerala especially with Arabs Before the Prophet- Mappilas-FirstMuslims of India-Perumal incident and its controversies, Malik bin Deenar and hisworks - Muslims in Kerala from 7th century A.D to 1498 A.D ( Socio-Economic-politicaland cultural conditions- trade with Arabs ) - Ponnani; The capital of Muslim cultureand learning,
Unit: 2 Credit: 1
Portuguese Intrusions-Kunhali Marakkars-The Impact of Intrusions- Role of Leadershipin Society-Makhdum Family- Rule of Mysoreans in Malabar and their reformativepolicies - British policies in Kerala after Tipu- Mappila Outbreaks (1836–1921)-Mappila Rebellion of 1921-Effects of Rebellion on Mappila Community -Influence ofCaste System and British Policies on the Conversion to Islam in the 18th and 19th
Centuries
Unit: 3 Credit: 1
Role of Mappilas in the Later Freedom Struggles-British Policies and Their Impact onMuslim Modern Education-Attitudes of Muslims to English Education-Kerala Muslimsafter the Independence -Emergence of Kerala State- Land reform Acts and theirImpact on Muslims-Rise of Muslims in Kerala Politics. Educational and Socio-Economic Status after independence
Unit: 4 Credit: 1
Important Muslim Families in Kerala (Thangals, Makhdooms, Ali Rajas, Koyas,Marakkars, Keyis, Nahas, Labbas , Ravuttars, Saits) Mappila Art and Literature(Arabi Malayalam Script and works, MappilaPattu, Malappattu, Poetry, Kolkali,Oppana,)- Mappila Traditions(Mahalu System, Nerchas,-Religious Education(Othupalli, Dars system, Arabic Colleges), Mappila Schools, Modern MuslimMovements and their works in Kerala (Samasth, K.N.M., Jamaath-e-Islami M.E.S.etc..)
38
Books for Reference:
1-Rada Kumudh Mookerji, Indian Shipping: A History of Sea-borne trade and Maritime Activity ofthe Indians, M.M Publishers Pvt Ltd., New Delhi2-Robert Sewell, The Historical inscriptions of Southern India3-Dr. C.K. Kareem, Prajeena Keralavum Muslim Avirbhavavum (Mal), ISA Publications,Calicut,19994-Mohammed Ali KT. The Development of Education among Mappilas of Malabar, 1800-1965, NewDelhi, [s.n.], 19905-Sayed Mohideen Shah, Islam in Kerala. The Muslim Educational Association, Trichur, 19756-Syed Suleiman Nadvi, The Muslim Colonies in India Before the Muslim Conquests, Article inIslamic Culture7-Dr. Hussain Randathani, Mappila Muslims; A Study on Society and Anti colonial Struggles, OtherBooks, Calicut, 20078-Francis Day, The land of The Perumls, Gantz Bros., Madras,18639-William Logan, Malabar Manual10-P.A. Said Muhammad et al, Kerala Muslim Directory, Kerala Publications, Cochin, 196011-Ronald E Miller, Mappila Muslims of Kerala, A Study in Islamic Trends, Orient Longman,Madras, 197612-Duarte Barbosa, A Descriptions of the coasts of East Africa and Malabar in the beginning of thesixteenth century, Haklut Society, London, 186613-Sulaiman Nadvi, “Muslim Colonies”, Islamic Culture, Vol. VIII, 1934
14-I.H. Siddiqui, Islam and Muslims in South Asia, A Historical perspective, Adam Publishers&Distributors, New Delhi, 1987
15-A. Shushterry, Outlines of Islamic Culture, University o9f Mysore, Mysore, 193816-Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History, Madras, 198417-Dr. A.P. Ibrahim Kunju, Mappila Muslims of Kerala, Their History and Culture, SandhyaPublications, 198918-Shaykh Zainuddin, Tuhfat al Mujahidin,Tr., Muhammed Husyn Nainar, Other Books, Calicut.19-Dr. M. Abdul Aziz, Rise of Muslims in Kerala Politics, C.B.H. Publications, Trivandrum, 199220-.N. Panikkar, Against Lord and State Religion and Peasant Uprisings in Malabar, 1836-1921,Oxford University Press, 198921- C.Gopalan Nair, Malayalathile Mappilamar, Mangalore, 197122- P.A.Said Muhammad et. Kerala Muslim Directory23- AR Desai, Peasant struggles in India, Oxford University Press, 197924- M. Naeem Qureshi, Pan-Islam in British Indian politics: a study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924, Brill, 199925- P. Radhakrishnan, Peasant Struggles, Land Reforms and Social Change. Malabar, 1836-1982,Sage Pulications, London26- Dr C.K.Kareem, Kerala Under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, Paico Publishing House, Ernakulam ,1973
39
IS 4E 05 –-MUSLIMS AND INDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE (Elective)
Unit:1 Credit:1
Role of Ulama in the 1857 Revolt- Failure of 1857 Revolt and British Attempt ofMuslims Genocide- British Policies towards Muslims- Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan and theprogress of Muslim Education- Maulana Muhammed Qasim Nanutawi and RashidAhmad Gangohi- Altaf Husayn Hali
Unit:2 Credit:1
Foundation of Indian National Congress- Urdu Defense Society- Muslim EducationConference- Partition of Bengal – Birth of Muslim League- Separate Electorate- Iqbal’sAllahabad Address- Chandhary Rahmat Ali’s Scheme- Pakistan Resolution of 1940-
Unit :3 Credit:1
Emergence of Muslim League as a strong political Entity- Role of British , Congress,Muslim League In the Partition- Hindu organizations and Extremists in the Partition.
Unit :4 Credit:1
Jamiat ul Ulama, Khilafat Movement and non-co-operation movement- Gandhiji’sPolicies- Communal Riots- Emergence of Jinnah- Congress Ministries of 1937-Deliverance Day observed by Muslims.
40
Books for Reference:
1. Allana, G. (1967) Quaid-i-Azam: The Story of a Nation. Lahore.2. Allana, G. (1968) 'Pakistan Movement: Historic Document, Karachi.3. Ambedkar, B. R. (1945) Pakistan or Partition of India, Bombay.4. Azad, Abul Kalam (1959) India Wins Freedom, New York.5. Aziz, K. K. (1968) Life and Works of Amir Ali, Lahore.6. Aziz, K. K. (1972) The Indian Khilafat Movement 1915-1933, Karachi.7. Aziz, K. K. (1988) The Making of Pakistan: A Study in Nationalism. New Delhi.8. Baljon, J. M. S.(1964) The Reforms and Religious Ideas of Sir Seyd Ahmad Khan9. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.10. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.11. Faruqi, Ziya-ul-Hasan, (1963) The Deoband School and the Demand for Pakistan. New
York.12. Gopal, Ram (1959) Indian Muslims: A Political History (1858-1947). Bombay.13. Graham, G. F. I. (1909) Life and Works of Sir Sved Ahmed Khan. London.14. Hamid, A. (1971) Muslim Separatism in India, Oxford.15. Hayat, Sikandar (1998) Aspects of the Pakistan Movement. Islamabad.16. Ikram, S. M. (1970) Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan. Lahore.17. Iqbal, Jawid (1971) Ideology of Pakistan. Lahore.
18..Jalal, Ayesha (1985) The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and theDemandfor Pakistan, Cambridge.
19. Kaura, Lima (1977) Muslims and Indian Nationalism: Emergence ofthe Demand for India's Partition, New Delhi.
20. Keith, A. B. (1937) Constitutional History of India. Oxford.21. Malik, Hafeez. (1963) Muslim Nationalism in India and Pakistan.22. Metcalf, Barbara Daly, (1982) Islamic Revival in British India:23. Minault, Gail ((•972) The Khilafat Movement, New Delhi.24. Nichols, Beverley (1944) Verdict on India. London.25. Qureshi. 1. H. (n.d) The Struggle for Pakistan. Karachi.26. Qureshi, L H. (n.d) UIema in Politics.27. Sardar, Ziauddin (1979) The Future of Muslim Civilization. London.28. Seervai, H. M. fl989) Partition ofjndia: Legend and Reality. Bombay.29. Shakir, Moin (1970) Khilafat to Partition. Delhi.30. Soomro, M. Q. (n.d) Muslim Politics in Sindh 1938-1947 Jamshoro.31. Waheed-uz-Zarnan and Saleem Akhtar, M. (1993) Islam ii South Asta, Islamabad.32. Wassey, Akhtarul (1978) Education of Indian Muslims: A Study of the All- India
Muslim Educational Conference 1886-1947. New Delhi.33. Wolpert, Stanley (1984) Jinnah of Pakistan. New York.34. Yusuf, K. F. (1990) Pakistan Reso.ution Revisited. Islamabad.35. Zaman, W. (1978)) Towards Pakistan. Lahore.
41
IS 4 E 06 – THE ARAB WORLD AFTER WORLD WAR-I(Elective)
Unit:1 Credit 1
Saudi Arabia-Arabian Peninsula as Ottoman Territory- Sharif Husayan as Khalifa-Mohammed Ibn Abdul Wahab- First Saudi State- Second Saudi State. The Third SaudiState- Treaty of Jeddah- Discovery of Oil- Treaty of Taif- Ibn Saud- Faisal , Khalid,Fahad, Abdullah,- Foreign policy, Law and Order- King: as the custodian of the twoHoly cities- Relations with the Muslim World.
Unit:2 Credit 1
World War I and British Mandate over Iraq- King Faisal- British Occupation- MilitaryCoup of 1958- Saddam Hussayn- Confrontation of Iraq with Iran, Kuwait andAmerica- American Occupation-Unending Civil War. Anglo-Russian Imperialism in
Iran, Pahlavi Dynasty, Revolution under Ayathulllah Qumayni, Ahmed Najad.
Unit 3 Credit 1
Fertile Crescent under mandate- Hashimite kingdom of Jordan- Role in the Arab IsraelConflict- Lebanan: role in the Arab –Israel conflict- Hisbullah- Syria, Ba’ath Party-Role in the Arab-Israel Conflict.
Unit 4 Credit 1
Origin and Brief History of U.A.E., Oman, Yemen, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait. Discovery of OilIndustry and Development of Arab World. Arab League. G.C.C., O.I.C.
42
Books for Reference
1. Ali, Tariq (2002) The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades. Jihads and Modernity, Verso, Londonand New York.
2. Antonier, George (1953) The Arab Awakening, London.3. Bangash, T. (1994) Iran - Iraq Relations, Peshawar.4. Cambridge History of Iran (1968) Cambridge.5. Clot, Andre (n.d) Life and Times of Suleiman the Magnifident, Saqi Books.
London.6. Creasy, Edward (1961) History of the Ottoman Turks. Beirut.7. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.8. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.9. Esposito, John L. (1992) The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? Oxford University Press, New
York.10. Esposito, John L. (2002) Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. Oxford
University Press, New York.11. Eversley, Lord (1959) The Turkish Empire, Lahore.12. Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London13. Fisher, S. N. (1960) The Middle East: A History. Lahore.14. Frye, Richard N. (1951) The Near East and the Great Powers. Cambridge.15. Gibb, H.A.R. & Bowen H. (1950) Islamic Society and the West. London.16. Gibbon, E. (1886) Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, London.17. Gibbon, H. A. (1916) The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford.18. Hiro, Dilip (2002) War without End, Routledge, London.19. Hitt'i, Philip K. (1970) History of the Arabs. Macmiilan, London.20. Huntington, Samuel P. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of
World Order. Simon and Schuster, New York.21. Izetbegovic, AlijaAli (1993) Islam between East and West. American Trust
Publications, Indianapolis.22 .Jybcr, A. H. (1913) The Government of the Ottoman of the Time ofSulcvman
the Magnificent, Cambridge.23. Kirk, George E. (1960) A Short History of Middle East from the Rise of Islam to Modern Times,New York.24. Lane Poole, Staneley (n.d) Turkey. Lahore.25. Lenezowsky, George (1967) The Middle East in World affairs. New York.26. Lewis, Bernad (1998) The Multiple Identities of the Middle East. Schocken
Books,New York.27. Lewis, Bernard, (1968) The Emergence of Modern Turkey. Oxford.28. Marlow (1960) Arab Nationalism and British Imperialism, London.29. Pehlvi, M. Raza (n.d) The Shah's Story (An Autobiography), London.30. Said, Edward W. (1978) Orientalism. Penguin Books, New York.36. Shaw, Stanford J. (1976) History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey,
Vol. 1. (1280-1808), Cambridge University Press.37. UNESCO (n.d) History of the World Vol.1 - V.38. Unsal, Behcet Turkish Islamic Architecture. London, 1959.39. Wilber, Donald N. (n.d) Iran: Past and Present.40. Zaman, W. (n.d) Iranian Revolution: A Profile.