organic chemistry dr. ron rusay fall 2001 © copyright 2001 r.j. rusay
TRANSCRIPT
Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry
Dr. Ron RusayDr. Ron Rusay
Fall 2001Fall 2001
© Copyright 2001 R.J. Rusay© Copyright 2001 R.J. Rusay
ORGANIC CHEMISTRYORGANIC CHEMISTRY
The study of carbon-containing compounds.
Organic compounds contain backbones comprised of chains and/or rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Commonly used formulas are empirical, molecular, structural (bond-line, condensed and 3-D).
InorganicInorganic OrganicOrganic
Chemicals are just chemicalsChemicals are just chemicals
Friedrich Wohler: 1850’sFriedrich Wohler: 1850’s
Proving that “living” chemicals are no different Proving that “living” chemicals are no different than other chemicals; disproving “animism”.than other chemicals; disproving “animism”.
HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS
Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
They represent a “backbone” when other “heteroatoms” (O, N, S, .....) are substituted for H. (The heteroatoms give function to the molecule.)
AcyclicAcyclic (without rings); CyclicCyclic (with rings); SaturatedSaturated: only carbon-carbon single bonds; UnsaturatedUnsaturated: contains one or more carbon-carbon double and/or triple bond
http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html
HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS
AlkanesAlkanes contain only single bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [CnH2n+2]
AlkenesAlkenes contain double bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [CnH2n]
AlkynesAlkynes contain triple bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [CnH2n-2]
http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html
http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html
Naming AlkanesNaming Alkanes
1. For alkanes beyond butane, add -ane -ane to the Greek root for the number of carbons.
C-C-C-C-C-C = hexaneane
2. Alkyl substituents: drop the -ane -ane and add -yl-yl.
-CH3 : methylyl
-C2H5 : ethylyl
Naming AlkanesNaming Alkanes
3. Positions of substituent groups are specified by numbering the longest chain sequentially.
C C-C-C-C-C-C
3-methylhexane3-methylhexane
4. Location and name are followed by root alkane name. Substituents in alphabetical order and use di-, tri-, etc.
Common Functional GroupsCommon Functional Groups(“Hydrocarbon Derivatives”)(“Hydrocarbon Derivatives”)
Class General Formula
Halohydrocarbons RX
Alcohols (Phenols) R
Ethers RR
Amines
R-NH2
http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html
http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html
Common Functional GroupsCommon Functional Groups
Class General Formula
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
Amides
R-C-HO
R-C-R'O
R-C-OHO
R-C-OR'O
R-C-NO
R
"
R
'
http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html
http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html
PolymersPolymers
Macromolecules which are made from small molecules, monomers, which structurally repeat themselves.
Monomer PolymerEthylene PolyethyleneVinyl chloride Polyvinyl
chlorideTetrafluoroethylene Teflon
Amines - Acids Nylon & Proteins
QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Nylon(s)Nylon(s)