DEFINITION

Organizational behavior modification, or ob mod is the application of reinforcement theory to people in

organizational settings.

HISTORY OF OB MODIFICATION

IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV

THE LEARNING THEORY OF MOTIVATION

LEARNING THEORY

THEORY OF SOCIAL LEARNING

OPERANT CONDITIONING OR REINFORCEMENT

THEORY

THE REINFORCEMENT THEORY

The theory suggests that that behavior is a function of its consequences.

The behavior that results into pleasant consequences is more likely to be repeated and a behavior that results into

unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated

CASUAL BEHAVIOR

THE ANGRY BOSS EXAMPLE

FORMAL BEHAVIOR

TYPES OF REINFORCEMENTS

REINFORCEMENT

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT PUNISHMENT EXTINCTION

Positive reinforcement is a reward or other desirable consequence that follows a particular behaviour or activity. Its used to increase the frequency of action or behaviour.

Negative reinforcement is a means of increasing a desired behavior by eliminating a undesired or an unpleasant

consequence

PUNISHMENTPunishment is a means of reducing a

desired behavior by introducing a potentially undesirable consequence. For

e.g. salary cuts, termination, loss of privileges and layoffs.

EXTINCTION

Extinction decreases the frequency of behavior, specially the ones which might be previously rewarded. If

rewards are withdrawn, the frequency of occurrence of behavior is most likely

to reduce.

SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT

INTERMITTENT REINFORCEMENT

FIXED INTERVAL VARIABLE INTERVAL FIXED RATIO VARIABLE RATIO

CONTINIOUS REINFORCEMENT

STEPS INVOLVED IN OB MODIFICATION

STEP 1. IDENTIFYING TARGET BEHAVIORIn this, you

basically choose the performance related behavior that would hold the potential to

bring about change in the

results.

STEP 2. ESTABLISH BASELINE FOR TARGET BEHAVIOR

STEP 3. ANALYZE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF BEHAVIOR

STEP 4. INTERVENE WITH REINFORCEMENT

The goal in this step is to reinforce the desired

behavior and extinguish any other behavioral

patterns or activities that interfere with it.

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT• Getting rs.100 on

the day I surf for an hour.

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT• Exemption from

cleaning my room every time I surf for one hour and not two.

PUNISHMENT• Cleaning all the

rooms of my house every time I surf for 2 hours. (god, I'd be horrified of that)

STEP 5. EVALUATE THE INTERVENTION TOO SEE IF IT CHANGED THE BEHAVIOR OR NOT.

At the end of intervention , evaluate your progress using the

data collected and answer the question “did the intervention lead to

performance improvement in observable and

quantifiable terms?”

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OB MODIFICATION

THE SUCCESS STORIES.

FAILURES.

IS OB MODIFICATION