organizational resources (jenis-jenis sumber daya organisasi)
DESCRIPTION
Uraian tentang aneka ragam sumber daya yang ada dalam organisasi, baik yang tangible ataupun yang intangible; yang kesemuanya diarahkan untuk mencapai keunggulan daya saing (competitive advantage) organisasi.TRANSCRIPT
“for competitive advantage”
Aun Falestien FaletehanIAIN
Sunan Ampel Surabaya
2012
Organisational Resources
Total Capital
Tangible Capital
Monetary Capital
Physical Capital
Intellectual (Intangible)
Capital
Relationship Capital
Organisational Capital
Human Capital
(GÖRAN ROOS AND KRISTINE JACOBSEN, 1999)
Monetary Capital
Sistem funding (Family Funds, Angel Investors, Bank
Financing, etc)
Reveneu
Saham publik
Sponsorship and governance costs
Corporate Social Responsibility
Philantrophy Projects; Bill Gates dan Warren Buffett
for „The Giving pledge”
Physical Capital
Fasilitas Kerja
Peralatan Kantor
Gudang dan Stock Barang
Piranti Informasi Teknologi
etc
Bill Gates’ Super High Tech Home
Enjoy at Google
Enjoy at Google
University Town, SIngapura
Vatican Library
Internet Server System
Relationship Capital
Jaringan kerjasama dengan stakeholder, konsumen,
Kementerian dan Institusi Pemerintahan, Asosiasi
Industri, Research Agencies, agen pasar produk, dsb
Domain Entrepreneurial University
Tonit Mets: 2009
Organisational Capital
Structures
Systems (planning, controlling, coordinating, HR
systems, etc)
Production Process
Culture
Brands
Intellectual property
etc
Human Capital
Competencies (Talent, Experience Skills and know-how)
Attitude (motivation, commitment, behaviour and traits)
Intellectual agility (the ability of organisationalmembers to be „quick on their intellectual feet‟: innovation and entrepreneurship, the ability to formulate and solve problems etc.)
Personal relationships (the ability to develop, use and participate in networks)
The most important?
Jenis Sumber Daya Bobot Penting
Human Resources 43%
Monetary Resources 19%
Organisational Resources 17%
Relationship Resources 15%
Physical Resources 6%
(GÖRAN ROOS AND KRISTINE JACOBSEN, 1999)
Human Capital
human resources are the collection of intangible
resources that are embedded in the members of the
organisation
SDM adalah aset yang tidak bisa ditiru
Bekal untuk menjadi daya saing organisasi
(Competitive Advantage)
The VRIO Framework
Indikator competitive advantage
o Value (bernilai)
o Rareness (langka)
o Imitability (sulit untuk dijiplak)
o Organizational suppport (dukungan sistem organisasi)
Value
Nilai guna bagi konsumen dan naiknya pendapatan
organisasi; melalui:
Menurunkan harga jual produk atau diferensiasi
produk
Budaya kerja organisasi
kasus FedEx; "people first organisation“
Etc.
FedEx
The corporate philosophy statement :
“People–Service–Profit.”
Fred Smith, founder dan CEO Fedex, “We
discovered a long time ago that customer satisfaction
really begins with employee satisfaction”
value muncul dengan fokus pada karyawan lebih
dulu
Rareness
Jika karakteristik SDM kita sama dengan yang
dimiliki kompetitor, maka sulit dianggap memiliki
daya saing
Resource harus langka, yang mungkin tidak dimiliki
organisasi lain
Imitability
Resource harus tidak bisa ditiru atau sulit dijiplak
oleh kompetitor
Semisal resep produk, kultur kerja, model
pelayanan publik, etc
Organisational Support
Dukungan sistem dan praktek organisasi yang
bagus
Visi dan misi, kejelasan core competence, Strategic
branding, Pola rekruitmen, training and development,
manajemen kinerja, sistem penggajian, dsb
General Electric’s Vitality Curve