organizing of library materials nor ezan bin omar

ORGANIZING OF ORGANIZING OF LIBRARY MATERIALSLIBRARY MATERIALS

NOR EZAN BIN OMARNOR EZAN BIN OMAR

CATALOGCATALOG

Provide access to individual itemsProvide access to individual items Offer the user a variety of Offer the user a variety of

approaches or access points to the approaches or access points to the information contained in the information contained in the collectioncollection

CATALOGINGCATALOGING

The process of creating entries for a The process of creating entries for a catalogcatalog

Activities involved in physically Activities involved in physically preparing the item for the shelfpreparing the item for the shelf

ConsistsConsists• Descriptive catalogingDescriptive cataloging• Subject catalogingSubject cataloging• ClassificationClassification

CATALOGINGCATALOGING

InvolvesInvolves• Create a description of the physical itemCreate a description of the physical item• Choose certain name and titles (access points)Choose certain name and titles (access points)• Doing authority work on those name and titlesDoing authority work on those name and titles• Doing subject analysisDoing subject analysis• Choosing subject headingChoosing subject heading• Create call no. (location devices)Create call no. (location devices)• Coded all records (MARC format)Coded all records (MARC format)

DESCRITIVE CATALOGINGDESCRITIVE CATALOGING

Part of the library cataloging process Part of the library cataloging process concerned with identifying and describing concerned with identifying and describing the physical and bibliographic the physical and bibliographic characteristics of the item characteristics of the item

Determining the name(s) and title(s) to be Determining the name(s) and title(s) to be used as access points in the catalogused as access points in the catalog

Constructed according to a standard style Constructed according to a standard style selected by the communityselected by the community

DESCRITIVE CATALOGINGDESCRITIVE CATALOGINGStandard StyleStandard Style

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AAnglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)ACR)

Government Information Locator SerGovernment Information Locator Service (GILS)vice (GILS)

Dublin Core (DC)Dublin Core (DC) Archives, Personal Papers, and Archives, Personal Papers, and

Manuscripts (APPM)Manuscripts (APPM) Describing Archives: A Content Describing Archives: A Content

Standard (DACS)Standard (DACS)


Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) • A detailed set of standardized rules for A detailed set of standardized rules for

cataloging various types of library materials cataloging various types of library materials that had its origin in that had its origin in Catalog Rules: Author and Catalog Rules: Author and Title EntriesTitle Entries, published in 1908 by ALA and LA , published in 1908 by ALA and LA (UK)(UK)

• Cooperation between the ALA, the Library Cooperation between the ALA, the Library Association (UK), and the Canadian Library Association (UK), and the Canadian Library Association, AACR was published in 1967 Association, AACR was published in 1967

• A second edition (A second edition (AACR2AACR2) was published in ) was published in 1978, revised in 1988, 1999 and 20011978, revised in 1988, 1999 and 2001

• The current version, The current version, Anglo-American Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second edition, 2002 Cataloguing Rules, Second edition, 2002 RevisionRevision ( (AACR2 2002AACR2 2002) )

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)(AACR)

Divided into two parts: Divided into two parts: Rules for creating the bibliographic Rules for creating the bibliographic

description of an item of any typedescription of an item of any type Rules governing the choice and form of Rules governing the choice and form of

entry of headings (access points) in the entry of headings (access points) in the catalogcatalog


Government Information Locator Service (Government Information Locator Service (GILS)GILS) • A decentralized collection of agency-based A decentralized collection of agency-based

information locators information locators • Uses network technology and international Uses network technology and international

metadata standards based on ANSI Z39.50metadata standards based on ANSI Z39.50• Direct users to publicly accessible information Direct users to publicly accessible information

resources available from the U.S. federal resources available from the U.S. federal government government

• Core data elements are:Core data elements are: title, control identifier, abstract, purpose, originator, title, control identifier, abstract, purpose, originator,

use constraints, availability, point of contact for use constraints, availability, point of contact for further information, record source, and date last further information, record source, and date last modified modified


Dublin Core (DC)Dublin Core (DC) • A standard set of 15 interoperable A standard set of 15 interoperable

metadata elements metadata elements • Designed to facilitate the description Designed to facilitate the description

and recovery of document-like resources and recovery of document-like resources in a networked environmentin a networked environment

• The descriptive elements are:The descriptive elements are:

Dublin Core (DC)Dublin Core (DC) descriptive elements descriptive elements

TitleTitle (name given to the resource) (name given to the resource) CreatorCreator (entity primarily responsible for making the content of the (entity primarily responsible for making the content of the

resource) resource) SubjectSubject (topic of the content of the resource, typically expressed as (topic of the content of the resource, typically expressed as

keywords, key phrases, or classification codes) keywords, key phrases, or classification codes) DescriptionDescription (abstract, table of contents, free-text account of the content, (abstract, table of contents, free-text account of the content,

etc.) etc.) PublisherPublisher (entity responsible for making the resource available) (entity responsible for making the resource available) ContributorContributor (entity responsible for making contributions to the content of (entity responsible for making contributions to the content of

the resource) the resource) DateDate (typically associated with the creation or availability of the resource) (typically associated with the creation or availability of the resource) TypeType (nature or genre of the content of the resource) (nature or genre of the content of the resource) FormatFormat (physical or digital manifestation of the resource) (physical or digital manifestation of the resource) IdentifierIdentifier (an unambiguous reference to the resource within a given (an unambiguous reference to the resource within a given

context, such as the URL, ISBN, ISSN, etc.) context, such as the URL, ISBN, ISSN, etc.) SourceSource (reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived) (reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived) LanguageLanguage (the language of the intellectual content of the resource) (the language of the intellectual content of the resource) RelationRelation (reference to a related resource) (reference to a related resource) CoverageCoverage (extent or scope of the content of the resource) (extent or scope of the content of the resource) RightsRights (information about rights held in and over the resource) (information about rights held in and over the resource)


Archives, Personal Papers, and Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts (APPM)Manuscripts (APPM) • A content standard for the description of A content standard for the description of

archival materials based on AACR2archival materials based on AACR2• Published by the Society of American Published by the Society of American

Archivists (SAA) in 1989 and accepted Archivists (SAA) in 1989 and accepted by most archives in the United States by most archives in the United States

• Been superseded by Been superseded by Describing Archives: A Content StandardDescribing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) (DACS) published by the SAA in 2004 published by the SAA in 2004


Describing Archives: A Content Standard Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)(DACS) • Content standard for creating access tools for archival Content standard for creating access tools for archival

materials materials • Published in 2004 by the Society of American Archivists Published in 2004 by the Society of American Archivists

(SAA) (SAA) • Applicable to all types of archival materials at all levels Applicable to all types of archival materials at all levels

of description,of description,• Can be used for any type of descriptive output, including Can be used for any type of descriptive output, including

the two most widely used standards, MARC 21 and the two most widely used standards, MARC 21 and Encoded Archival Description (EAD).Encoded Archival Description (EAD).

• Divided into three parts ("Describing Archival Materials," Divided into three parts ("Describing Archival Materials," "Describing Creators," and "Forms of Names") "Describing Creators," and "Forms of Names")

SUBJECT CATALOGINGSUBJECT CATALOGING

The most specific word or phrase The most specific word or phrase that describes the subject, or one of that describes the subject, or one of the subjects, of a work the subjects, of a work

Selected from a list of preferred Selected from a list of preferred terms (controlled vocabulary) and terms (controlled vocabulary) and assigned as an added entry in the assigned as an added entry in the bibliographic record to serve as an bibliographic record to serve as an access point in the library catalogaccess point in the library catalog

SUBJECT CATALOGINGSUBJECT CATALOGING Library of Congress Subject Heading Library of Congress Subject Heading

(LCSH)(LCSH)• The complete alphabetic list of controlled The complete alphabetic list of controlled

vocabulary vocabulary • Created by catalogers and used in since 1898 Created by catalogers and used in since 1898

at the Library of Congress in assigning subject at the Library of Congress in assigning subject headings to facilitate access to the information headings to facilitate access to the information content of newly published works content of newly published works

• Available now in:Available now in: Print formatPrint format Machine readable format – also on CD-ROM (CDMARC Machine readable format – also on CD-ROM (CDMARC

Subjects) Subjects) MicroficheMicrofiche

Library of Congress Subject Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH)Heading (LCSH)

How To Use Them? How To Use Them? • Headings in Headings in boldbold type are valid headings; these are the type are valid headings; these are the

headings used in the library catalogheadings used in the library catalog• BTBT = "broader term(s)." These are more general = "broader term(s)." These are more general

headings headings • RTRT = "related term(s)." These can provide you with = "related term(s)." These can provide you with

ideas for other terms to pursue (like synonyms in a ideas for other terms to pursue (like synonyms in a thesaurus). thesaurus).

• NTNT = "narrower term(s)." These are more specific = "narrower term(s)." These are more specific headings headings

• UFUF = "used for," which means "used instead of = "used for," which means "used instead of • SASA = "see also." A = "see also." A see alsosee also reference indicates headings reference indicates headings

that cover similar subjects that cover similar subjects

SUBJECT CATALOGINGSUBJECT CATALOGING Sears Lists of Subject HeadingSears Lists of Subject Heading

• Created by Minnie E. Sears cataloger and Created by Minnie E. Sears cataloger and bibliographer at a variety of libraries (Bryn Mawr bibliographer at a variety of libraries (Bryn Mawr College, University of Minnesota, New York Public College, University of Minnesota, New York Public Library) Library)

• First published in 1923 for use in school libraries First published in 1923 for use in school libraries and small public libraries and small public libraries

• Narrower in scope and its headings are more Narrower in scope and its headings are more general than LCSHgeneral than LCSH

• Common terms are much preferred over scientific Common terms are much preferred over scientific and technical termsand technical terms

• Also allowed individual libraries the authority to Also allowed individual libraries the authority to create their own subject headingscreate their own subject headings

• In use : SLSH 18In use : SLSH 18thth ed. ed.

Sears Lists of Subject HeadingSears Lists of Subject Heading

Similarities between the LCSH and Similarities between the LCSH and SLSHSLSH• Both lists are subject lists arranged in Both lists are subject lists arranged in

alphabetical orderalphabetical order• Both lists make use of overarching Both lists make use of overarching

subject categories and hierarchical subject categories and hierarchical subject subdivisionssubject subdivisions

Sears Lists of Subject HeadingSears Lists of Subject Heading

Differences between the LCSH and Differences between the LCSH and SLSHSLSH• Favor natural languageFavor natural language• Make use of only four types of headings: Make use of only four types of headings:

topical, form, geographic, and proper topical, form, geographic, and proper namesnames

• Tended to convert inverted headings Tended to convert inverted headings into direct entriesinto direct entries

CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION Act of organizing universe of Act of organizing universe of

knowledge into systematic orderknowledge into systematic order

Library ClassificationLibrary Classification

Goes hand in hand with library Goes hand in hand with library (descriptive): (descriptive): cataloging and classificationcataloging and classification

A system of coding and organizing library A system of coding and organizing library materials according to their subject and materials according to their subject and allocating a call number to that allocating a call number to that information resourceinformation resource

System of arrangement adopted by a System of arrangement adopted by a library to enable patrons to find its library to enable patrons to find its materials quickly and easilymaterials quickly and easily


May be natural (e.g., by subject), artificial May be natural (e.g., by subject), artificial (e.g., by alphabet, form, or numerical (e.g., by alphabet, form, or numerical order), or accidental (e.g., chronological or order), or accidental (e.g., chronological or geographic)geographic)

Some have minute subdivisions while Some have minute subdivisions while others are broaderothers are broader

Widely used systems include the Dewey Widely used systems include the Dewey Decimal Classification, the Library of Decimal Classification, the Library of Congress Classification, the Bliss Congress Classification, the Bliss Classification, and the Colon ClassificationClassification, and the Colon Classification


ObjectivesObjectives• Help user identify and locate a work Help user identify and locate a work

through call numberthrough call number• Group all works of a kind togetherGroup all works of a kind together

Types of Classifications SystemTypes of Classifications System

In general, classification systems can be In general, classification systems can be divided into three typesdivided into three types• Universal schemes covering all subjects. Universal schemes covering all subjects.

Examples include Dewey Decimal Classification Examples include Dewey Decimal Classification and Library of Congress Classification and Library of Congress Classification depending on how they are used depending on how they are used

• Specific classification schemes. Examples Specific classification schemes. Examples British classification of MusicBritish classification of Music

• National schemes specially created for certain National schemes specially created for certain countries. Example is SAB countries. Example is SAB

Dewey Decimal ClassificationDewey Decimal Classification

Is a proprietary Is a proprietary [ownership][ownership] system of system of library classification developed by library classification developed by Melvil Dewey (10.12.1851-Melvil Dewey (10.12.1851-26.12.1931) in 1876 26.12.1931) in 1876

While working as an assistant While working as an assistant librarian at Amherst from 1874 until librarian at Amherst from 1874 until 1877, Dewey devised his system of 1877, Dewey devised his system of classifying and cataloguing books by classifying and cataloguing books by decimal numbers decimal numbers


Revised at 7 years intervalRevised at 7 years interval Between edition, the schedules and Between edition, the schedules and

tables are regularly reexamined, tables are regularly reexamined, revisions of existing numbers and revisions of existing numbers and index entries, and provision for new index entries, and provision for new subjects are made as requiredsubjects are made as required


How it works How it works • Attempts to organize all knowledge into Attempts to organize all knowledge into

ten main classes ten main classes • The ten main classes are then further The ten main classes are then further

subdivided subdivided • Each main class has ten divisions, and Each main class has ten divisions, and

each division has ten sections each division has ten sections

Dewey Decimal ClassificationDewey Decimal Classification Classes Classes

• 000 – 000 – Computer scienceComputer science, , informationinformation, and , and general works general works

• 100 – 100 – PhilosophyPhilosophy and and psychologypsychology • 200 – 200 – ReligionReligion • 300 – 300 – Social sciencesSocial sciences • 400 – 400 – LanguageLanguage • 500 – 500 – ScienceScience • 600 – 600 – TechnologyTechnology • 700 – 700 – ArtsArts and and recreationrecreation • 800 – 800 – LiteratureLiterature • 900 – 900 – HistoryHistory and and geographygeography

Library of Congress Classification Library of Congress Classification

Developed by the Library of Congress Developed by the Library of Congress Used by most research and academic libraries Used by most research and academic libraries Was originally developed by Herbert Putnam with Was originally developed by Herbert Putnam with

the advice of Charles Ammi Cutter in 1897 before the advice of Charles Ammi Cutter in 1897 before he assumed the librarianship of Congress he assumed the librarianship of Congress

Was influenced by Cutter Expensive Was influenced by Cutter Expensive Classification, DDC, and was designed for the use Classification, DDC, and was designed for the use by the Library of Congressby the Library of Congress

Replaced a fixed location system developed by Replaced a fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson (3Thomas Jefferson (3rdrd President of the United President of the United States)States)

Library of Congress ClassificationLibrary of Congress Classification AA General WorksGeneral Works BB Philosophy, Psychology, and ReligionPhilosophy, Psychology, and Religion CC Auxiliary Sciences of HistoryAuxiliary Sciences of History DD General and Old World HistoryGeneral and Old World History EE History of AmericaHistory of America FF History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin AmericaHistory of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America GG Geography, Anthropology, and RecreationGeography, Anthropology, and Recreation HH Social SciencesSocial Sciences JJ Political SciencePolitical Science KK LawLaw LL EducationEducation MM MusicMusic NN Fine ArtsFine Arts PP Language and LiteratureLanguage and Literature QQ Science Science RR Medicine Medicine SS Agriculture Agriculture TT Technology Technology UU Military Science Military Science VV Naval Science Naval Science ZZ Bibliography, Library Science, and General Information Resources Bibliography, Library Science, and General Information Resources

Other Classifications SystemOther Classifications System In English-speaking worldIn English-speaking world

• Bliss ClassificationBliss Classification• Dickinson ClassificationDickinson Classification

In other languagesIn other languages• Chinese Library Classification Chinese Library Classification • Korean Decimal ClassificationKorean Decimal Classification

That rely on synthesis (faceted systems)That rely on synthesis (faceted systems)• Colon ClassificationColon Classification• Universal Decimal Classification Universal Decimal Classification • Cutter Expansive Classification Cutter Expansive Classification • Brinkler ClassificationBrinkler Classification

KNOWLEDGE IS POWERKNOWLEDGE IS POWER

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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