ottawa county natural hazard mitigation plan€¦ · 2016 ottawa county natural hazard mitigation...

OttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlan2016

OttawaCountyEmergencyManagementAgency

2016OttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlan

DevelopedbyResourceSolutionsAssociates,Norwalk,Ohio

TABLEOFCONTENTS

EXECUTIVESUMMARY ii

1.0THEPLANNINGPROCESS 1-1

1.1PLANDEVELOPMENT 1-11.2STAKEHOLDERINVOLVEMENT 1-41.3PUBLICPARTICIPATION 1-121.4RESEARCHMETHODOLOGIES 1-131.5PLANMAINTENANCE 1-15

2.0HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONANDRISKASSESSMENT 2-1

2.1COUNTYPROFILE 2-12.2HAZARDIDENTIFICATION 2-212.3VULNERABILITYANALYSIS 2-392.4RISKASSESSMENT 2-59

3.0MITIGATIONSTRATEGIES 3-1

3.1STATUSOFPASTMITIGATIONEFFORTS 3-13.2RISKPRIORITIES 3-43.3MITIGATIONGOALSANDSTRATEGIES 3-43.4IMPLEMENTATION 3-36

4.0PLANADOPTION 4-1

4.1FEDERALANDSTATEPLANAPPROVAL 4-14.2LOCALADOPTION 4-14.3PLANEXPIRATION 4-2

5.0APPENDIXA:HAZARDANDVULNERABILITYDATA 5-1

5.1HAZARDHISTORYDATA 5-15.2EARTHQUAKELOSSESTIMATEDATA 5-11

6.0APPENDIXB:PUBLICINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATION 6-1

2016OttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlan


EXECUTIVESUMMARYOttawaCountyiscommittedtoestablishingandmaintainingasafe,secure,andresilientenvironmentforitsresidentsandbusinesses.LocatedalongthesouthshortofLakeEriebetweenToledoandCleveland,thecountyishometostrongagricultural,industrial,andtourismindustries.TheOttawaCountyEmergencyManagementAgencyisdedicatedtohelpingresidentsandbusinessesdevelopsustainablesolutionstonaturaldisasterthreatsthroughaprogressiveprogramofhazardmitigationanddisasterpreparedness.TheOttawaCountyHazardMitigationPlanwasdevelopedthroughcommunity-wideparticipationintheassessmentofrisksandhazards,developmentofmitigationstrategies,andimplementationandsustainmentoflossreductionefforts.Throughaseriesofmeetingsandworksessionsdescribedinthisplan,thecounty,city,villages,andotherjurisdictionscametogethertoassessthecurrentrisksinOttawaCountyandformulatesustainablesolutionstoreducevulnerabilities.Asapartofthisplan,theyconsideredvariouslocal,county,andregionalplansanddocumentsthatprovideguidancetodevelopers,regulators,andresidentsastheyimplementcommunitygrowthplans.Thisnaturalhazardmitigationplanisintendedtobeatoolineconomicdevelopment,construction,growth,andgovernance.ItdocumentsthehistoryofdisasterincidentsinOttawaCountyandtakesintoaccounttheuniquecharacteristicsofthearea,includingitsruralandcoastallandscapeanduniquepositionattheconvergenceofseveralwatershedanddrainagebasins.Theplandocumentspastcasualtiesandpropertylossesandidentifiesmitigationstrategiesthatwilleffectivelyprotectandpreservethecounty’smanynaturalandman-madeassets.TheplanningprocessutilizedtodevelopthisplanfollowedtheguidanceestablishedbytheFederalEmergencyManagementAgencyinMarch2013.Thewholecommunitywasinvolvedintheprocessandinputandfeedbackwassoughtfromjurisdictions,residents,workers,andvisitorsinaccordancewiththatguidance.AsoneofmanywaystomakeOttawaCountysafeandresilientaftercatastrophicincidents,thismitigationplanprovidesacomprehensivereviewofcommunitiesandneedsinthecounty,consideringuniquevulnerabilitieswhenMotherNatureunleashesherfury.ThemitigationstrategiesandplanningprocessareintendedtohelpcommunityleadersimplementprojectsandpoliciesthatmakeOttawaCountyresistanttolong-termdevastationandunnecessaryrebuildingcosts.

2016OttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlan 1-1


1.0THEPLANNINGPROCESSTodevelopanaturalhazardmitigationplanthatwasreflectiveofOttawaCounty’struehazards,risks,andvulnerabilities,theEmergencyManagementAgencyutilizedacomprehensive,wholecommunityplanningprocessthatinvolvedabroadrangeofjurisdictionsandstakeholders.Thissectiondescribestheprocessutilizedtodeveloptheplanandhowstakeholdersandthecommunitywereincludedthroughouttheplandevelopmentprocess.1.1PLANDEVELOPMENTFromthebeginningoftheproject,itwasunderstoodthatdevelopmentoftheNaturalHazardMitigationPlanwouldbeatwelvetoeighteen-monthlongprocess.Thistimeframewasnecessarytoadministerthegrant,researchhazardsandrisks,developmitigationstrategiesandactions,includejurisdictionsandstakeholdersintheplanningprocess,andcompletetheplanreviewprocessatthestateandfederallevelpriortoadoption.Eachphaseinplandevelopmentincludedspecificactivitiesandsteps,asdescribedbelow.1.1.1Pre-UpdatePlanningProcessOttawaCounty’smostrecentmitigationplanwasadoptedonJune21,2004andexpiredonFebruary13,2011.Thecountybegantheplanupdateprocessin2012bycontractingwithathirdpartybutthispartywasultimatelyunabletocompletetheproject.Duetofinancialconstraints,thecountywasunabletoresumetheplanupdateprocessuntiltheyappliedforandwereawardedaPre-DisasterMitigationGrant(PDM)in2014.OttawaCountyEMAsubmittedaPDMapplicationinmid-2014throughtheOhioEmergencyManagementAgency.TheapplicationidentifiedthecitiesandvillagesinOttawaCountythatwouldparticipateintheplanningprocess.Discussionswithjurisdictionofficialsensued,garneringtheirwillingnesstoparticipateintheupdateofthecounty’smitigationplan.Lettersofintenttoparticipatewerereceivedfromalljurisdictionsandincludedinthegrantapplication.OnMay20,2015,OttawaCountyreceivednotificationthattheirPDMapplicationhadbeenapprovedforfunding.Uponawardofthegrant,OttawaCountyEMAcompletedtheapprovedprocurementprocesstoidentifyacontractortomanagetheplanupdateprocess.InMay2015,thecountyenteredintoacontractResourceSolutionsAssociates,LLCtocoordinatetheproject,workwithjurisdictionsandcommunitymemberstocollectinformation,anddevelopthenewplan.InJune2015,stafffromOttawaCountyEMAandResourceSolutionsAssociates(Contractor)metwithOhioEMAMitigationBranchstafftoreviewtherequirementsforplandevelopment.TheContractordevelopedatimelinefortheprojectthatbeganwithcommunitymeetingsinthefallof2015andculminatedwithacompletedplansubmittedtoOhioEMAandFEMAforreviewinthefallof2016.ThistimelinewouldallowOttawaCountytohaveanapprovedplaninplacebytheendof2016.

1-2 2016OttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlan


1.1.2PlanningTeamMeetingsUponcompletionofallnecessarygrantagreements,contracts,andadministrativerequirements,theContractorcoordinatedwithEMAstafftodevelopaninitiallistofplanningteammembers.Thislistincludedrepresentativesfromalljurisdictionsandabroadrangeofcommunityorganizationsandagencies.Thecompletelistofinvitedstakeholdersisincludedlaterinthissection.Thiswholecommunity-basedHazardMitigationPlanningTeammetmultipletimesandinmultipleconfigurationsthroughouttheplanningprocess.Thesemeetingswereconductedinfourdistinctphases:projectintroduction,hazardidentificationandriskassessment,mitigationstrategydevelopment,andplanreview.ProjectKickOffTheinitialplanningteammeetingwasheldAugust19,2015attheOttawaCountyEMA.Thepurposeofthismeetingwastointroducetheprojecttostakeholdersandjurisdictionandprovidetheplanningteamwithanoverviewoftheplanningprocess,explainedtheimportanceofthehazardmitigationplan,andestablishtheprocessbywhichtheEMAandContractorwouldworkwithjurisdictionsandstakeholders.HazardandRiskIdentificationThehazardandriskidentificationphasefocusedonresearchandinformationgathering.Worksessionswereconductedwithofficialsandrepresentativesfromeachjurisdictiontodiscusshazards,risks,vulnerabilities,andpastdisasters.Thesejurisdictionmeetingsfocusedonidentifyingthehazardsandrisksrelevanttothatspecificjurisdictionanddiscussingtheimpactofdisasteroneachjurisdiction.Participantsincludedmayors,administrators,city/villagecouncilmembers,trustees,fiscalofficers,road/streetdepartmentemployees,lawenforcementofficials,fireservicepersonnel,waterandwastewatertreatmentfacilitystaff,andotherkeyjurisdictionemployees.Localschooldistricts,businesses,andresidentswerealsoinvitedtoparticipateandprovidefeedback.Focusedgroupmeetingswerealsoconductedwithspecificaudiences,includingregionalplanning,economicdevelopment,andGIS,togatherdetailedinformationfromstakeholderswithspecificexpertiseinthesesubjects.Thesesessionsfocusedongatheringhazardandriskinformationanddiscussingtheimpactofdisastersrelativetoeachgroup’sspecificareaofexpertise.MitigationStrategyDevelopmentWorkSessionsAsecondroundofjurisdiction-levelmeetingswereconductedtoworkwiththejurisdictionplanningteamsontheidentificationanddevelopmentofmitigationstrategiesandactionstoaddressthehazardsandrisksidentifiedduringtheearlierworksessions.Thesesessionsincludedthesamebroadscopeofinviteesasthehazardandriskidentificationmeetingsandprovidedaforumforlocalofficialsandresidentstodiscussspecificactionstohelpreducedisasterriskintheircommunity.ThesesessionsalsoincludedadiscussiononthemitigationstrategiesidentifiedinOttawaCounty’s2004planandanyprogressorstatusupdatestothoseitems.



FinalPlanReviewFollowingextensiveinputfromthemeetingsandworksessions,theContractordevelopedadraftplanfortheplanningteamtoreview.JurisdictionsandstakeholderswereprovidedwithelectronicaccesstotheplanthroughtheContractor’swebsiteandwereaskedtoprovidefeedback.PlanningteammemberswereaskedtosubmittheirfeedbackthroughtheformprovidedonthewebsiteorbyemaildirectlytotheContractor.AprintedcopyofthedraftplanwasavailableintheOttawaCountyEMAforanyonewithlimitedcomputeraccess.Followingtheplanningteam’sextensivereviewoftheplan,atwo-weekpublicreviewperiodwasconducted.FromNovember8–21,2016,theplanwasavailableelectronicallyontheContractor’swebsiteandinprintformattheEMAforanymemberofthepublictoreviewandprovidecomment.ApublicreviewformwasconductedonNovember17,2016toprovidethecommunitywithanopportunitytoreviewanddiscusstheplaninpersonwiththeContractorandEMAstaff.Thepublicwasnotifiedoftheplanreviewperiodthroughnewsreleasestolocalmediaoutlets,letterstojurisdictions,postsontheEMA’swebsiteandsocialmediaaccounts,andflyersandnoticesincountyofficebuildings.Additionally,theEMApublishedapaidlegaladvertisementinthePortClintonNewsHeraldonNovember8,2016.AllnewsreleasesandnoticesincludedlocationswheretheplancouldbeviewedelectronicallyorinprintandcontactinformationfortheContractorandEMAstaff.TheplanreviewprocessculminatedwithafinalplanningteammeetingheldattheOttawaCountyEMAonNovember17,2016.Atthisfinalmeeting,commentsandquestionsreceivedfromthepublicwerediscussedandtheplanningteamwasprovidedwithafinalopportunitytosubmitfeedbackorsuggestchangestotheplan.Afterthepublicplanreviewandfinalplanningteammeeting,theplanwassubmittedtotheOhioEMAMitigationBranchforstatereviewandtheformaladoptionprocess,asexplainedinsection4.0PlanAdoption,began.AcompletelistofplanningteammeetingsandworksessionsisprovidedinTable1-1.

Table1-1:HazardMitigationPlanningTeamMeetingsDate Location Purpose/Audience

08/9/2015 OttawaCountyEMA ProjectKick-Off/InitialPlanningMeeting11/10/2015 OttawaCountyEMA EconomicDevelopmentGroupMeeting11/10/2015 OttawaCountyEMA RegionalPlanningGroupMeeting01/12/2016 GenoaVillageHall GenoaJurisdictionMeeting#1–HazardandRisk

Identification01/12/2016 OakHarborVillageHall OakHarborJurisdictionMeeting#1–Hazardand

RiskIdentification01/14/2016 OttawaCountyEMA PortClintonJurisdictionMeeting#1–Hazardand

RiskIdentification01/14/2016 CarrollTownshipHall CentralTownshipsJurisdictionMeeting#1–

HazardandRiskIdentification01/19/2016 AllenClayJointFireDistrict WestTownshipsJurisdictionMeeting#1–Hazard

andRiskIdentification



01/19/2016 RockyRidgeVillageHall RockyRidgeJurisdictionMeeting#1–HazardandRiskIdentification

01/20/2016 ElmoreVillageHall ElmoreJurisdictionMeeting#1–HazardandRiskIdentification

01/21/2016 CatawbaIslandTownshipHall EastTownshipsJurisdictionMeeting#1–HazardandRiskIdentification

01/21/2016 MarbleheadVillageHall MarbleheadJurisdictionMeeting#1–HazardandRiskIdentification

01/21/2016 ClayCenterVillageHall ClayCenterJurisdictionMeeting#1–HazardandRiskIdentification

01/22/2016 OttawaCountyEMA Put-In-BayVillage/TownshipJurisdictionMeeting#1–HazardandRiskIdentification

02/01/2016 OttawaCountyEMA GISGroupMeeting05/09/2016 CarrollTownshipHall CentralTownshipsJurisdictionMeeting#2–

StrategyDevelopment05/10/2016 GenoaVillageHall GenoaJurisdictionMeeting#2–Strategy

Development05/10/2016 OakHarborVillageHall OakHarborJurisdictionMeeting#2–Strategy

Development05/10/2016 AllenClayJointFireDistrict WestTownshipsJurisdictionMeeting#2–

StrategyDevelopment05/11/2016 OttawaCountyEMA CountyJurisdictionMeeting#2–Strategy

Development05/11/2016 ElmoreVillageHall ElmoreJurisdictionMeeting#2–Strategy

Development05/11/2016 RockyRidgeVillageHall RockyRidgeJurisdictionMeeting#2–Strategy

Development05/12/2016 OttawaCountyEMA PortClintonJurisdictionMeeting#2–Strategy

Development05/12/2016 MarbleheadVillageHall MarbleheadJurisdictionMeeting#2–Strategy

Development05/12/2016 CatawbaIslandTownshipHall EastTownshipsJurisdictionMeeting#2–

StrategyDevelopment05/24/2016 Put-In-BayVillageHall Put-In-BayVillage/TownshipJurisdictionMeeting

#2–StrategyDevelopment05/24/2016 OttawaCountyEMA JurisdictionMeeting#2–StrategyDevelopment

(MakeUpSession)07/20/2016 BayTownshipHall BayTownshipStrategyFollow-UpMeeting11/17/2016 OttawaCountyEMA FinalPlanReviewMeeting

1.2STAKEHOLDERINVOLVEMENTWithOttawaCounty’seightincorporatedjurisdictionsandapopulationofnearly42,000,manystakeholderswereidentifiedashavingaroleinthemitigationplanningprocess.TheHazardMitigationPlanningTeamincludedbroadparticipationfromtheseidentifiedstakeholders.Fromthebeginningoftheplanningprocess,theEMAattemptedtoincludethewholecommunityinthemitigationplanningprocess.Abroad,inclusivelistofplanningteam



memberswasdevelopedwiththeintenttoincludeany,every,andallagencieswithaninterestorroleinemergencymanagement,andthusindisastermitigation.Astheprocessunfoldedandplanningbegan,awholecommunityplanningapproachwasusedtoachievethesegoals.TheinitialinvitationtoparticipateintheHazardMitigationPlanningTeamwasextendedtothefollowingofficials,leaders,andstakeholdersfromOttawaCountyandadjacentjurisdictions:

• Incorporatedjurisdictions(county,city,andvillageofficials)• Townshiprepresentatives(trustees,fiscalofficers)• Specializeddisciplines,includingfireservice,lawenforcement,engineering,utilities,

publichealth,healthcare,hospitals,businessandindustry,educationandacademia,nonprofits,socialagencies,andthegeneralpublic

• Specificappointedofficials,includingthecountyfloodplainmanager,GISmappingspecialist,conservationspecialists,regionalplanning,buildingofficials,developmentofficials,firechiefs,policechiefs,publichealthcommissioners,extensionserviceworkers

• Economicdevelopmentorganizationssuchaseconomicdevelopmentcorporations,chambersofcommerce,andtourismandvisitor’sbureaus

• Keyelectedofficialssuchasthecountyauditor,treasurer,andcommissioners• EmergencymanagementofficialsfromtheadjacentcountiesofErie,Sandusky,Wood,

andLucas• Non-profitagenciesincludingAmericanRedCross,TheSalvationArmy,CitizenCorps,

andUnitedWayaswellascommunityactiongroups• Specialinterestgroupssuchaswatershedcoalitions,conservancydistricts,federal

partners,stateagencieswithfacilitiesinthecounty,andotherswithaspecialinterestinthewell-beingofOttawaCounty

• Residents,businesses,andthegeneralpublic1.2.1JurisdictionParticipationEveryjurisdictionwaspresentedwithmultipleopportunitiestoprovideinputduringtheplanningprocess.Eachjurisdictionwasinvitedtotheinitialplanningteammeeting.TheContractorandEMAstaffalsoconductedtwomeetingswitheachjurisdictiontoprovideopportunitiesforgovernmentofficials,communityagencies,andthepublictoprovideinputspecificallyrelatedtodisasterhazards,risks,andmitigationneedsintheirjurisdiction.Table1-2identifiesthejurisdictionsthatparticipatedinthehazardmitigationplanandtheirprimaryrepresentative.

Table1-2:ParticipatingJurisdictionsandRepresentativesJurisdiction PrimaryRepresentative Position/Title

OttawaCounty MarkMessa RegionalPlanningDirectorPortClintonCity TracyColston SafetyServiceDirectorClayCenterVillage MarkFranks MayorElmoreVillage GeorgeHayes PoliceChiefGenoaVillage KennethHarsanje Mayor



MarbleheadVillage RhondaSowers VillageFiscalOfficerOakHarborVillage RandyGenzman VillageAdministratorPut-In-BayVillage SteveRiddle VillageAdministratorRockyRidgeVillage TimBrown MayorAllenTownship CraigBlausey TrusteeBayTownship ArtCastillo TrusteeBentonTownship WesleyGahler TrusteeCarrollTownship JohnBrough FireChiefCatawbaIslandTownship MattMontowski TrusteeClayTownship MitchellHoyles TrusteeDanburyTownship DaveHirt TrusteeErieTownship TomKellogg FireandEMSChiefHarrisTownship BeverlyHaar TrusteePortageTownship SamConte TrusteePut-In-BayTownship MatthewMiller TrusteeSalemTownship RonaldBuehler Trustee

1.2.2HazardMitigationPlanningTeamBecauseOttawaCounty’sintentionwastoencouragebroadparticipationintheplanningprocess,anexpansiveinitialinvitationlistwasdeveloped.Usinginformationfrommultiplesources,includingEMAcontactlists,jurisdictionandagencywebsites,theBoardofElections,andgeneralonlineinformation,amasterplanningteamofmorethan100inviteeswasdeveloped.Foreachcontact,thismasterlistedidentifiedname,position,agencyorjurisdiction,e-mailaddress,telephonenumber,andpostaladdress.Thislistincludedrepresentationfrombusinessandindustry,communityservices,economicandcommunitydevelopment,education,government,infrastructureandengineering,naturalresourcesandagriculture,andpublicsafety.Emergencymanagementofficialsfromadjacentcountieswerealsoincludedonthelist.ThecompletelistofinvitedandparticipatingstakeholdersisprovidedinTable1-3.Communicationwiththeseindividualstookplaceprimarilythroughe-mail.Whenelectroniccommunicationwasnotfeasible,postalmailandphonecallswereutilizedtoshareinformationwithstakeholdersandjurisdictions.Severalelectedandappointedofficialschangedduringthecourseofplandevelopment.Inthoseinstances,bothofficialsarelisted.

Table1-3:ParticipatingandInvitedStakeholdersCategory Agency/Jurisdiction Position/Title Representative

Business ADFilm/APCO SafetyManager Business ARESInc. SafetyManager Business BiroManufacturing SalesManager Business CNelsonManufacturing SafetyManager Business FennerDunlop SafetyManager BlakeMercerBusiness Gaymont/Doime SafetyManager Business GuardianIndustries SafetyManager Business MachiningTechnologies,Inc. SafetyManager BeverlyCroneBusiness MaterionBrushInc. PlantManager RandallDrummondBusiness RiversideMachining SafetyManager Business SignatureLabel SalesManager MickeyHead



Business U.S.Gypsum SafetyManager Community AmericanRedCross DisasterServices PamSchwarzkopfCommunity AmericanRedCross RegionalDisaster

OfficerKennRobinson

Community AmericanRedCross Volunteer CarlKoebelCommunity HarrisTownship Resident KarenDagesCommunity MagruderHospital Emergency

PreparednessCoordinator

ShellyLukasiewicz

Community OttawaCountyHealthDepartment

EmergencyPreparednessCoordinator

LarrySorrelsKatieRomig

Community OttawaCountyHealthDepartment

HealthCommissioner NancyOsborn

Community OttawaCountyJobandFamilyServices

Director StephanieKowal

Community OttawaCountyTransportationAgency

Director LaurieCleaver

Community PutInBay Resident MartyFarrisCommunity TheSalvationArmy Director MaureenSaponariCommunity UnitedWayofGreaterToledo–

OttawaCountyDirector ChrisGalvin

Community WSOSCommunityActionCommission

Director KerrieCarte

Community WSOSCommunityActionCommission

PlanningandDevelopmentCoordinator

KerrieCarte

Development HarrisTownship ZoningInspector CharlesAlmruthDevelopment Marblehead ZoningInspector RobertHrvskaDevelopment MarbleheadPeninsula

ChamberofCommerceDirector JudyBalsom

Development OakHarborChamberofCommerce

Director ValerieWinterfield

Development OttawaCounty BuildingInspectionOfficeManager

DeborahBarnes

Development OttawaCounty GISCoordinator RebeccaJohnstoneDevelopment OttawaCounty RegionalPlanning

ConsultantToddBickley

Development OttawaCounty RegionalPlanningDirector

MarkMessa

Development OttawaCountyImprovementCorporation

BWDManager GayeWinterfield

Development OttawaCountyImprovementCorporation

Director JamieBeier-Grant

Development PortClintonChamberofCommerce

Director LauraSchlater

Education BentonCarrollSalemSchoolDistrict

Superintendent GuyParmigian



Education DanburyLocalSchools Superintendent DanParentEducation GenoaLocalSchoolDistrict Superintendent MikeFergusonEducation PortClintonCitySchools Superintendent PatAdkinsEducation TerraStateCommunityCollege President JeromeWebsterEducation WoodmoreLocalSchools Superintendent LindaBringmanEmergencyMgmt ErieCountyEMA Director TimJonovichEmergencyMgmt LucasCountyEMA Director PatriciaMoomeyEmergencyMgmt SanduskyCountyEMA Director LisaKeullingEmergencyMgmt WoodCountyEMA Director BradGilbertGovernment AllenTownship FiscalOfficer SoniaEischenGovernment AllenTownship Trustee CraigBlauseyGovernment BayTownship FiscalOfficer BonnieKasparGovernment BayTownship Trustee ArtCastilloGovernment BayTownship Trustee BennyPetersenGovernment BayTownship Trustee DentonGlovinskyGovernment BentonTownship FiscalOfficer GayleMillingerGovernment BentonTownship Trustee MikeMilbrodtGovernment BentonTownship Trustee WesleyGahlerGovernment CarrollTownship Trustee JimMeekGovernment CarrollTownship Trustee KenGydeGovernment CarrollTownship Trustee RodBiggertGovernment CatawbaIslandTownship FiscalOfficer KarenShawGovernment CatawbaIslandTownship Trustee BillRofkarGovernment CatawbaIslandTownship Trustee MattMontowskiGovernment ClayCenter Clerk/Treasurer JohnWeberGovernment ClayCenter Mayor RobertPurney

MarkFranksGovernment ClayCenter VillageCouncil MichaelPreestGovernment ClayTownship FiscalOfficer ChristinaSheldonGovernment ClayTownship Trustee MitchellHoylesGovernment DanburyTownship FiscalOfficer ShelleySeamonGovernment DanburyTownship Trustee CharlesScottGovernment DanburyTownship Trustee DaveHirtGovernment ElmoreVillage Mayor MatthewDamschroderGovernment ErieTownship FiscalOfficer LouiseBice-TorresGovernment Genoa Mayor MarkWilliamsGovernment Genoa VillageAdministrator KevinGladdenGovernment Genoa VillageCouncil DarrylBittnerGovernment Genoa VillageCouncil JohnLewisGovernment HarrisTownship FiscalOfficer DavidRobenstineGovernment HarrisTownship Trustee BeverlyHaarGovernment Marblehead FiscalOfficer RhondaSowersGovernment Marblehead Mayor JacquelineBirdGovernment OakHarbor Administrative

AssistantDebraDiMasso

Government OakHarborVillage Mayor WilliamEberleJoeHelle

Government OakHarborVillage VillageAdministrator RandyGenzman



Government OttawaCounty Auditor LarryHartlaubGovernment OttawaCounty Commissioner JamesSassGovernment OttawaCounty Commissioner JoEllenRegalGovernment OttawaCounty Commissioner SteveArndt

MarkStahlGovernment OttawaCounty DogWarden JolynnHetrickGovernment OttawaCounty Technology

CoordinatorKeithKirby

Government PortClinton CityCouncil LisaSartyGovernment PortClinton Mayor VincentLeone

HughWheelerGovernment PortClinton SafetyService

DirectorTracyColston

Government PortageTownship FiscalOfficer JudithJohannsenGovernment PortageTownship Trustee MollySassGovernment PortageTownship Trustee SamConteGovernment PutInBay FiscalOfficer KellyNieseGovernment PutInBay VillageAdministrator DougKnauer

SteveRiddleGovernment PutInBay VillageCouncil JessicaCuffmanGovernment PutInBay VillageCouncil KellyFarrisGovernment PutInBayTownship AssistantFiscalOfficer JoeyWolfGovernment PutInBayTownship Trustee MatthewMillerGovernment Put-in-BayTownship FiscalOfficer JoanneWolfGovernment Put-in-BayVillage Mayor MargaretScarpelliGovernment RockyRidge Mayor TimBrownGovernment RockyRidge VillageCouncil ShawnNickelGovernment RockyRidge VillageCouncil YvonneRutherfordGovernment SalemTownship FiscalOfficer SusanPerrinGovernment SalemTownship Trustee RonaldBuehlerInfrastructure BayTownship Maintenance

SupervisorDaleRounds

Infrastructure CarrollTownship MaintenanceSupervisor

JoshBehnke

Infrastructure DanburyTownship MaintenanceSupervisor

BrettWaldron

Infrastructure DavisBesseNuclearPowerStation

DaveDeWitz

Infrastructure Erie-OttawaRegionalAirportAuthority

Manager StuGebhart

Infrastructure Genoa PublicWorks BarryReauInfrastructure Genoa PublicWorks JakeHasselbachInfrastructure Genoa PublicWorks JohnKrupaInfrastructure Genoa PublicWorks RexDiebertInfrastructure Genoa PublicWorks WayneDiebertInfrastructure Marblehead StreetCommissioner BryanLucasInfrastructure Marblehead WaterSuperintendent MatthewBerryInfrastructure OakHarbor OperationsManager JerryBuhrow



Infrastructure OSSJointSolidWasteDistrict Director TimWassermanInfrastructure OttawaCounty ChiefBuilding

Official/FloodplainManager

TracyBuhrow

Infrastructure OttawaCounty Engineer RonLajtiInfrastructure OttawaCounty Highway

SuperintendentRickGalford

Infrastructure OttawaCounty SanitaryEngineer KellyFryInfrastructure PortClinton StreetSupervisor ScottHabermanInfrastructure PortClinton WasteWater

SupervisorErnieIsaac

Infrastructure PortClinton WaterDistributionForeman

EriePetersen

Infrastructure PutInBayTownship PortAuthorityDirector

PatrickMyers

Infrastructure SalemTownship AssistantSexton SteveZbrejewskiInfrastructure SalemTownship CemetarySexton ScottSchimmingInfrastructure SalemTownship RoadSuperintendent FredRischInfrastructure SalemTownship RoadWorker PaulLacumskyNaturalResource OttawaCountySoilandWater

ConservationServiceDirector MikeLibben

NaturalResources FarmServiceAgency JoshuaGerwinNaturalResources FarmServiceAgency CountyDirector JodyBoylenNaturalResources NorthwestOhioWaterQuality

WorkgroupDirector BradEspen

NaturalResources OhioLakeManagementSociety Director BradOleskiewiczNaturalResources OhioStateUniversityExtension

ServiceDirector KathyBooher

NaturalResources PortageRiverBasinCouncil Director MattHorvatNaturalResources SanduskyRiverWatershed

CoalitionDirector CindyBrookes

NaturalResources SugarCreekProtectionSociety Director MaryReardonPublicSafety AllenClayJointFireDistrict BattalionChief TimTankPublicSafety AllenClayJointFireDistrict Chief DennisHartmanPublicSafety BayTownshipFireDepartment Chief DavidRegalPublicSafety CarrollTownshipFireandEMS EMSChief KathyBowyerPublicSafety CarrollTownshipFireandEMS FireChief JohnBroughPublicSafety CarrollTownshipFireandEMS Lieutenant ClayFinkenPublicSafety CarrollTownshipPolice

DepartmentChief JodyHatfield

PublicSafety CatawbaIslandTownshipPoliceDepartment

Chief BobRogersJohnGangway

PublicSafety CatawbaIslandTownshipVolunteerFireDepartment

Chief JohnGangwayKevinWylie

PublicSafety CatawbaIslandTownshipVolunteerFireDepartment

Firefighter DanBarlow

PublicSafety ClayCenterPoliceDepartment Chief VaderWebb



PublicSafety ClayTownshipPoliceDepartment

Chief TerryMitchell

PublicSafety DanburyTownshipFireDepartment

Chief KeithKahler

PublicSafety DanburyTownshipPoliceDepartment

Chief MichaelMiesler

PublicSafety ElmorePoliceDepartment Chief GeorgeHayesPublicSafety ErieTownshipVolunteerFire

DepartmentChief ThomasKellogg

PublicSafety GenoaPoliceDepartment Chief BradleyWeisPublicSafety Harris-ElmoreFireDepartment Chief JamesWilburnPublicSafety MarbleheadPoliceDepartment Chief GregoryFultzPublicSafety MidCountyEMS Captain KenanMylanderPublicSafety MidCountyEMS Chief ChadMagrumPublicSafety MiddleBassIslandVolunteer

FireDepartmentChief BobGainer

PublicSafety NorthCentralEMS Supervisor DianaHarpel-Tuttamore

PublicSafety OakHarborPoliceDepartment Chief StevenWeirichPublicSafety OttawaCountySheriff’sOffice Sheriff SteveLevorchickPublicSafety PortClintonFireandRescue Chief KentJohnsonPublicSafety PortClintonPoliceDepartment Chief RobHickmanPublicSafety PortageFireDistrict Captain RyanGoldsteinPublicSafety PortageFireDistrict Chief MikeAlmendingerPublicSafety PutInBayEMS Manager PatRogersPublicSafety PutInBayPoliceDepartment Chief MikeFrankPublicSafety PutInBayPoliceDepartment Sergeant DonaldDressPublicSafety Put-in-BayTownshipFire

DepartmentChief JRDomer

PublicSafety RockyRidgePoliceDepartment Chief MikeFrankPublicSafety RockyRidgePoliceDepartment Sergeant CyndiMuranyoPublicSafety RockyRidgeVolunteerFire

DepartmentChief StevenBrown

PublicSafety RockyRidgeVolunteerFireDepartment

Firefighter BrandonPierson


Firefighter BrentJones


Firefighter StevenBrown

1.2.3PlanningTeamEngagementTheplanningteamscheduleincludedfourkeysetsofmeetingwithadditionalsmallgroupmeetingsscheduledthroughouttheprocess.BecauseachievingmeaningfulparticipationfromawiderangeofpartnersthroughthesemeetingsandworksessionswasimportanttotheEMAandContractor,themeetingschedulewasdevelopedtoprovideasmanyopportunitiesaspossibleforstakeholderstoparticipate.



Ininvitationsandnoticesandduringmeetings,participantswereadvisedthatthemitigationplanningprocesswasopentothepublic.Meetingdateswereannouncedtoawideaudienceandjurisdictionswereencouragedtoextendinvitationstoemployees,communityorganizations,andresidents.Newsreleasesannouncingmeetingdatesandlocationsweresenttolocalmediaforprintandonlinepublicationandflyerswerepostedincountyandjurisdictionofficebuildings.Participantswereencouragedtoforwardandshareannouncements,notices,andinformationwithcoworkers,friendsandneighbors,family,andcommunitymembersasmuchaspossible.ContactinformationfortheEMAandContractorwasfreelydistributedtoallparticipantsasameansofaskingquestions,providinginput,orotherwisebecominginvolvedintheplanningprocess.Throughouttheprocess,theplanningteamwasencouragedtomonitorResourceSolutions’projectwebsite,locatedatwww.consultrsa.comunder“OttawaCountyMitigationPlan”,toaccessmeetingschedules,draftplandocuments,handoutsandmeetingdocuments,mitigationplanningresources,contactinformation,andotherresourcesrelevanttotheplanningprocess.Planningteammemberswereremindedofthisresourceduringmeetingsandencouragedtosharetheinformationwithadditionalcolleaguesandcommunitymemberswhomaywishtoparticipateintheplanningprocess.ThewebsitewasdevelopedbecausetheopenformatmadecontentreadilyavailablestakeholdersandgeneralpublicandbecausetheContractorcouldquicklyandeasilyupdatetheinformation,providingtheplanningteamwithup-to-dateinformation.Participatingjurisdictionswereencouragedtopostalinktotheprojectwebsiteontheiragencywebsitestofurtherfacilitatecommunityinputandfeedback.1.3PUBLICPARTICIPATIONGarneringbroadcommunityparticipationinthemitigationplanningprocesswasafocusoftheContractorandEMAstaff.UtilizingFEMA’sWholeCommunityPlanningconcept,theEMAreachedouttoabroadscopeofcommunitypartners,jurisdictionofficials,communitypartners,andlocalstakeholders.Theserepresentativeswereinvitedtoparticipateandprovideinputthroughouttheplanningprocess.Thisbeganwiththedevelopmentofaninitialplanningteaminvitationlistthatincludedabroadlistofstakeholders.Asignificantamountoftimewasdedicatedtoidentifyingcontactsacrossallareasandsegmentsofthecountyandcreatinganaccuratecontactlistofthoseindividuals.Invitationsandremindersweresenttotheplanningteammultipletimes.Participantswereencouragedtosharemeetinginformationwithcolleaguesandcommunitymembersandencourageotherstoparticipateintheplanningprocess.Duringplanningteammeetingsandworksessions,noticeswerepostedondoorstonotifythepublicthatthesessionwastakingplaceandassistpeopleinlocatingthemeetingroom.Throughouttheentireplanningprocess,thepublicwasinvitedtoparticipateandprovideinputfortheupdatedhazardmitigationplan.TheEMAandContractorattemptedtobeasinclusiveandbroad-basedaspossiblewhendevelopingtheinitialPlanningTeaminvitationlist.Asignificantamountoftimeandresearchwasdevotedtoidentifyingcontactsacrossalljurisdictions,agencies,andorganizationsandcreatinganaccuratecontactlistforthoseidentified.Meetinginvitationsandreminderswererepeatedlysenttotheplanningteamand



participantswereencouragedtosharemeetinginformationwithcolleaguesandcommunitymembersandinviteadditionalpeopletoparticipateintheplanningprocess.Duringplanningteammeetings,noticeswerepostedonthedoorofthebuildingandmeetingroomtonotifythepublicthatthemeetingwastakingplaceandassistindividualsinlocatingthemeeting.Toprovideeasy,convenientaccesstoplanninginformationforthecommitteeandgeneralpublic,aprojectwebsitewascreatedontheContractor’swebsite.Aspreviouslydescribedinthissection,thiswebsitewasusedtoprovidemeetingdatesandlocations,contactinformation,mitigationplanningresources,linkstosurveysandquestionnaires,andaccesstodraftplandocumentsfortheplanningteamandgeneralpublic.Planningteammembersandjurisdictionswereencouragedtopublishthislinkontheiragencywebsitesandsocialmediaaccounts,providingthepublicwithaccesstotheplanningprocess.Attheinitialplanningteammeeting,theEMAandContractorinformedattendeesthatallmeetingswereopentothepublicandtheprocessofupdatingtheplanwascompletelytransparent.Theyalsosharedthatthecurrenthazardmitigationplanwasavailableforreviewontheprojectwebsite.Participantswereencouragedtoreviewthatdocumentsothattheycoulddevelopfamiliaritywithpreviouslyidentifiedmitigationstrategiesandcomparethatinformationtocurrentrisksandvulnerabilitieswhenprovidinginputintonewmitigationstrategies.Participantswerealsoencouragedtosharemeetinginvitations,notices,surveylinks,andotherrelevantinformationwithcolleagues,communitymembers,andothersthatmayhaveaninterestinparticipatingintheproject.AcompletedraftoftheplanwaspostedonprojectwebsitefromNovember8-21,2016foratwo-weekpublicreviewperiod.ApublicreviewforumwasheldonNovember17,2016toprovidethecommunitywiththeopportunitytoviewandcommentontheplaninperson.Allagencyandjurisdictionrepresentativeswhoparticipatedontheplanningteamwerenotifiedofthisreviewperiodbyemail.AnoticewasalsosenttoeachparticipatingjurisdictionwithacertificateofmailingfromtheU.S.PostalService.Tonotifythepublic,theEMAplacedapaidlegalnoticeinthePortClintonNewsHeraldthatappearedonNovember4,2016.TheEMAprovidedanoticeandlinktotheplanontheiragencywebsiteandsocialmediaaccountsandaskedotherorganizationstodothesame.TheadministratorforOakHarboralsopostedthenotificationonthevillage’swebsiteandFacebookpageandatthepolicedepartment,villagebillingoffice,andseverallocalbusinesses.Allnotificationsincludedalinktothewebsitewheretheplanwasavailableforreview,thetimelineforpublicreview,andinstructionsforsubmittingcomments.AprintedcopyoftheplanwasavailableattheOttawaCountyEMAduringregularbusinesshoursforanyonewishingtoviewandcommentontheplanbutwithlimitedcomputeraccess,specialneeds,orotheraccessibilitychallenges.1.4RESEARCHMETHODOLOGIESAsignificantamountofresearchwasperformedtodevelopthehazardmitigationplan.SinceOttawaCounty’smostrecentplanwasapprovedin2004,theContractorobtainedinformationanddatafrom2004through2016toensurethatthenewplanincludedcurrent,relevant,andaccuratehazardandriskinformation.TheHazardIdentificationandRiskAssessment(HIRA)



wasdevelopedbyresearchofactualrecordedeventsbasedonrecordsfromtheNationalClimaticDataCenterStormEventsDatabase.SupportingdatawasobtainedfromtheOhioEMAandFEMAwebsites.Planningteammembersprovidedcontextandinformationonthecommunityimpactoftheseevents.ThemostsignificanteventsforeachhazardaredescribedinnarrativeformintheHIRA.AppendixAincludesacompletelistofallrecordedoccurrencesofeachhazard,organizedbytypeofhazard.VulnerabilityassessmentsweredevelopedusingHAZUSprojectionsfromtheOhioEMAMitigationBranch.TheOttawaCountyAuditorandGISCoordinatorprovidedpropertyvaluationsandmappinginformation.Currentcriticalfacilityandkeyresourceinventorieswereusedtoprojectlossestimatesforthosefacilities.The2004OttawaCountyHazardMitigationPlanwasreferencedforinformationthatwasstillreflectiveofthecounty’srisks,vulnerabilities,andconditions.Whenprojectingfuturelosses,alookatpastlossesprovidedinsightintothepotentialfordestruction.FEMAhistoricaldocumentswerereferencedtoidentifyhowmanylosseswerereported,when,andbecauseofwhatimpactinthepast.Takenintoaccountinthisestimationwerepossibility,probability,magnitude,andfrequencyofeachcategoryofhazardanditspotentialimpactuponOttawaCounty.1.4.1Studies,Reports,andReferencesThroughouttheplanningprocess,variousreferencematerialswereutilized.AlistofthesesourcesisprovidedinTable1-4.Informationfromtheseexistingdocumentsandresourceswasincorporatedthroughoutthehazardmitigationplan.InformationfromtheU.S.Census,OhioDepartmentofDevelopment,OttawaCountyImprovementCorporation,OttawaCountyEmergencyOperationsPlan,andjurisdictionandagencywebsiteswerecriticalindevelopingthecountyandjurisdictionprofilesintheHIRA.ThePortageRiverWatershedTMDLreport,GreatLakesCoastalFloodStudy,OttawaCountyfloodplainregulations,FEMAdisasterstatistics,andothernaturalresourcestudiesprovidedimportantinformationforthehazardidentificationandriskassessment.HazardhistoriesweredevelopedutilizinginformationfromNOAA’sNationalClimaticDataCenter,FEMA,andHAZUS.ThemostrecentOttawaCountyandStateofOhiomitigationplansprovidedsupportinginformationusedtodevelopmitigationstrategiesfortherevisedplan.Ingeneral,thesedocumentsandresourcessupportedthedevelopmentoftherevisedhazardmitigationplanbyprovidinginformationaboutOttawaCountyanditscharacteristics;thisinformationwasnecessaryforthePlanningTeamtoreviewastheyidentifiedopportunitiesformitigationanddevelopedappropriatemitigationstrategies.



Table1-4:Studies,Reports,andReferencesResource Agency Date

OhioEarthquakeMonitoringNetwork OhioDivisionofNaturalResources,DivisionofGeologicalSurvey

FEMADisasterStatistics FederalEmergencyManagementAgency 2010-2015GreatLakesCoastalFloodStudy FederalEmergencyManagementAgency 2016HAZUSEarthquakeandFlooddata ObtainedfromOhioEmergency

ManagementAgency2015

NationalFloodInsuranceProgramCommunityStatusBook

FederalEmergencyManagementAgency 2016

NOAAStormEventsDatabase NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration

2016

OttawaCountyImprovementCorporationWebsite

OttawaCountyImprovementCorporation

OttawaCountyLandUsePlans OttawaCountyRegionalPlanningCommission

OttawaCounty,OhioProfile OhioDepartmentofDevelopment 2015PortageRiverWatershedTMDLReport OhioEnvironmentalProtectionAgeny 2011StateofOhioEnhancedHazardMitigationPlan

OhioEmergencyManagementAgency 2014

UnitedStatesCensusBureauCensusQuickFacts

USCensusBureau 2016

1.5PLANMAINTENANCEDiligentmitigationplanmaintenancelaysasolidgroundworkfortherequiredfive-yearupdate.Byreviewingdisasteroccurrencesonanannualbasisandfrequentlyassessingthecounty’sprogressonmitigationactivities,afive-yearupdatecanbeaquickandefficientprocess.However,theplanisoftenputonashelfafterapprovalandnotopenedagainuntiltherenewaldeadlinelooms.OttawaCountysufferedfromthisafterthe2004planwasapprovedandmissedthe2010planupdatebutintendstoavoidthissamescenarioin2022.Uponapprovalofthisplan,OttawaCountyisdeterminedtosetandfollowaregularplanmaintenanceschedule.Thiseffort,whichwillbeledbytheEMAandinvolvestakeholders,jurisdictions,andthecommunity,willlayasolidfoundationfortheplanupdatein2022. 1.5.1PlanMaintenanceMethodologyOneofthechallengesinconductingannualplanreviewmeetingsisthedifficultyinholdingmeetingsthatmanystakeholdersperceiveasunnecessaryornotcriticaland,therefore,donotattend.Governmentofficials,communityleaders,andotherkeystakeholdersalsohavebusyschedulesandcompetingdemandsontheirtimeandmustandprioritizetheirtime.BecauseOttawaCountyisasmall,ruralcommunity,manyjurisdictionsandorganizationshaveonlyafewemployees.Inthevillagesandtownships,themajorityoftheelectedofficialsserveinapart-timeorvolunteercapacity.Thesestaffingrealitiesoftenmakeconductingcommunity-widemeetingsachallenge.OttawaCounty’splanmaintenancestrategyattemptstoaddressthesebarriersbyincorporatingothermethodsofcommunicatingwithstakeholdersandcollectingmitigationinformationthroughoutthefive-yearlifeoftheplan.



Traditionalface-to-facemeetingshavebeenthemostcommonmethodtodiscussdisasterresponses,catastrophicincidents,andstorms.Giventhechallengesinschedulingtheseevents,thecountymaychoosetoutilizewebinars,conferencecalls,electronicsurveys,and/orquestionnairestocollectfeedbackfromstakeholders.Theseoptionsareutilizedfrequentlyintoday’sbusinessenvironmentandwillbereadilyavailabletostakeholders.Whentheseoptionsareselected,stakeholderswillbeaskedtodedicatethesameattentiontothetaskastheywouldifitwereatraditionalmeeting.Recordsofparticipation,copiesofresults,andothercommunicationsurroundingtheseeventswillbemaintainedjustasitwouldbeforatraditionalmeeting.1.5.2AnnualPlanReviewTheHazardMitigationPlanningTeamestablishedforupdatingtheplanwillbecalledupontoreview,evaluate,anddiscusstheplanannually,onorabouttheanniversaryofplanapprovalbyFEMA.Inadditiontoannualreview,ongoingcountyoperationswillensurethatmitigationeffortsareplacedattheforefrontofnewdevelopmentacrossthejurisdictions.Theannualmaintenancediscussionsmaybeconductedthroughtraditionalin-personmeetingsandthroughelectronicsurveys,questionnaires,andotherformsofwrittencommunication.ThechoiceofmethodologywillbeatthediscretionoftheEMADirectorandbasedonwhatbestmeetstheneedsofstakeholders,andwhatmethodologyensuresthatthestrategiesidentifiedinthisplanareconsideredonaregularbasis.Information-gatheringeffortsviabothkindsofcollectionwillincludeevaluationofthepastyear’sdisasterincidents,resultingdamagesandcosts,andrecoveryefforts.Itwillincludestatusreportsonanymitigationprojectsinprocessandanupdateonprogresstowardsachievingthemitigationstrategiesandactionsdevelopedbyeachjurisdiction.TheEMAwillmaintainrecordsoftheseannualdiscussions.Toimplementtheannualreview,eachjurisdictionwillbeaskedtoconductaninternalanalysisofthemitigationstrategiesdevelopedbytheirjurisdiction,andwillbeaskedtosubmitashortreporttotheEMAwiththeirfindings.Theywillbeaskedtoassessanydisasterincidentsthathaveoccurredduringtheyear,summarizedamagesandrecoveryefforts,andevaluatethestatusofadoptedmitigationstrategiesasaresultofthoseincidents.Ifastrategyhasbeencompleted,thejurisdictionwillevaluateitseffectivenessatreducinglosses.Thisinformationwillbesharedwiththemulti-disciplinaryplanningteamduringtheannualcountywidereviewprocess.TheEMAwillmaintainasummaryofthesereportsandfindings.Theplanningteamwillhavetheoption,atthediscretionoftheEMA,toconveneafterasignificantdisasterorlarge-scaleemergencytoreviewanddocumentanychanges,needs,additions,ordeletionsthatshouldbeconsideredatthefive-yearupdate.AnytimeadisasterisdeclaredinOttawaCounty,itissuggestedthattheplanningteamassembleaftertheincidentisclosedtoreviewtheplanwithemphasisonthestrategiesandthestatusofeach.TheEMAwillmaintainrecordsofthesemeetingsandfindings.



Ateachreviewpoint,theEMAwillreviewtheHazardIdentificationandRiskAssessmentforcompletenessandaccuracy;lossestimateswillbeevaluatedforongoingaccuracyandanysignificantdevelopmentswillbeaddedtothelist.Keyresourcesandcriticalfacilitylistswillbeassessedforadditionsordeletionsandmitigationstrategieswillbereviewedforprogressandeffectiveness.Allfindingswillberecordedandsavedforthe2022updateprocess. 1.5.3CommunityParticipationWhiletheplanmaintenanceprocesscanbeledbytheEMA,thevalidityandqualityofinformationisonlyasgoodastheparticipantsmakeit.Ongoingcountyoperationsthatareinclusiveofmitigationstrategies,evaluation,andrevisionarecriticaltocreatingasustainablecommunity.Itisintendedthatallmunicipalities,jurisdictions,agencies,andorganizationsinvolvedindevelopingtheplanparticipateinitsongoingreviewandmaintenance.Thewidearrayofgovernmentofficialsandemployeesinvolvedintheplanningprocesswillhelpensurethatallperspectives,frommarketingandrecruitingtoimplementationandmitigation,areincludedintheprocess.Withoutrepresentationfromallofthestakeholdersinvolvedintheplanningeffort,ongoinginputwillnotbecomprehensiveoraccurate.Therefore,allpartiesinvolvedindevelopingthisplanmustperceivetheannualreviewprocessascriticaltothepre-andpost-disasterwelfareofthecounty.Publicinvolvementisanimportantcomponentofongoingmitigationplanningefforts.Toencouragepublicinvolvementinplanmaintenance,noticeoftheannualplanreviewactivitieswillbeannouncedthroughlocalmediaandappropriatewebsitesandsocialmediaaccountsofparticipatingjurisdictionsandagencies.Thegeneralpublicwillbeinvitedtoparticipateintheseactivitiesandprovideinput.Meetingannouncementswillincludethedate,time,andlocationofthesessionandadequatenoticesothatpeoplecanreasonablymakeplanstoattend.Aswithallmeetingsconductedduringthemitigationplanningprocess,annualupdatemeetingswillbeopentothepublicandcitizeninputwillbeencouraged.Ifsurveysandotherelectronictoolsareutilizedtocollectfeedbackfromstakeholders,thesedocumentswillalsobemadeavailabletothecommunity.Localgovernmentfeedbackplaysamajorroleinenforcingandimplementingmitigationstrategies.Thishappensnotonlyduringpurposefulplanreview,butalsoduringdailyoperationsthatguidethegrowthanddevelopmentofspecificcommunities.EveryvillageinOttawaCountyhasaplanningcommissionoradevelopmentcommitteeofcouncilthatdealswithgrowthissuesinthemunicipality,referencingregulations,developmentplans,andmitigationstrategiesastheyleadtheirjurisdiction.Thesegroupsareresponsibletothecityadministratorandmayor;themayoristhenresponsibletoworkwiththecountyofficialsthatholdsimilarresponsibilityatthatlevelofgovernment.ThemunicipalitiesinOttawaCountyallhaveplanningcommissionsandcommitteesofcouncilmembersandresidentsthatprovideleadershipfornewdevelopmentandbusinessorresidentialgrowthincooperationandcompliancewithOttawaCountydevelopmentstandardsandgoals.Thesecommissionsandcommitteesdeterminewhatgrowthinitiativesareimplementedbythemunicipalities,andtheyprovideleadershipforrecruiting,promoting,and



securingnewindustries,businesses,andresidentialfacilities.Thesegroupsworkwiththecountyofficialswhoguidetheconstructionofnewbuildingsandhomes,andwhooverseeandinspectnewstructuresOttawaCountymunicipalitiesaresmallandhavelimitedfull-timestaff,sothecountyasanorganizationprovidesstrongleadershipandoversightofeconomicdevelopment,communitydevelopment,andlanduseplanning.Mitigationeffortsareconsideredsimultaneouslywithbuildingcodeenforcement,zoningregulations,andlanduserulesatthecountylevel.Manylocalofficialswearnumeroushatsastheyguide,direct,andfacilitatelocalgrowthanddevelopmentthroughregulation.Thereissignificantoverlapbetweencountyofficialswhenitcomestogrowthanddevelopment,includingplanapproval,issuanceofpermits,andoccupancyapprovalresponsibilities.TheOttawaCountyChiefBuildingOfficialenforcesbothresidentialandcommercialbuildingcodes.HeisalsotheFloodplainManager,andworkswiththeRegionalPlanningDirectortohelpplan,approve,modify,andregulatenewfacilities,subdivisions,andneighborhoodsnotonlyinthecontextofbuildingcodes,butalsowithconsiderationforfloodrisk.TheRegionalPlanningDirectoristheEnterpriseZoneManagerfornewdevelopmenttaxabatementsandprograms,andworkswiththeFloodplainManagertobesurenewstructuresarenotplacedwithinfloodriskzoneswithouttakingcompensatorymeasureslikeelevationasearlyasthesitedevelopmentstageofconstruction.Inturn,theAuditormanagesthefloodplainmappingandparcelidentificationanddocumentationbymaintainingtheGISoperations.TheChiefBuildingOfficialdoublesbackandrequiresthemitigationactions,likeelevation,tobeincludedproperlyinthesubmittedbuildingpermitandoccupancyapprovalprocess.TheEMADirector,OttawaCountyEngineer,andtheFloodplainManager/ChiefBuildingOfficialarepartoftheplanningcommitteethatdevelopstheOttawaCountyFloodplainManagementPlan.Thisplan,approvedbyFEMAin2015,addedtheEngineerandEMADirectortothefloodawarenessandpreventiontaskforce.Theyworkcontinuouslywithfloodplainregulations,NFIPparticipation,CRScommunityratings,andotherthresholdsthatsignifysmartdevelopmentmeasuresdirectedatcreatingasustainablecommunity.TheRegionalPlanningDirectorsitsontheEMADisasterResponseTeamandtheDavis-BesseNuclearPowerStationResponseTeamwithmanyothercountyofficialsandcommunityrepresentatives,effectivelylinkingtheEMAtotheRegionalPlanningOffice.TheOttawaCountyEngineerisresponsibleforcountyditchmaintenance,andthattieshisofficetotheSoilandWaterConservationDistrictOfficeaswellastheFarmServiceAgencydirectorasagriculturaldrainageconcernsaresharedandresolved.TheFloodplainManagerworkswiththemtoplanforditchcleaningandothermaintenanceforthepurposeofkeepingvulnerablepropertiesasprotectedanddryaspossible.TheseofficialsworkwiththeFloodplainManagertocheckandevaluatethefloodplainmapsasintroducedbyFEMAtoinsureaccuracythroughthemapadoptionprocess.



ThiscomplexwebofjurisdictionalrepresentativesandofficialshelpsOttawaCountyengageinsmartbutaggressivedevelopmentactivities.Asthestrandsofthewebcrossoneanotherandintersect,mitigationstrategiesareincludedintheconcernsfromalldirections.Withahigherthannormalriskforflooding,withthelakebeingboththefriendandthefoe,theseofficialsworktogethertomakewisechoicesinnewventures,enablingOttawaCountytogrowanddevelopineffectiveandsustainableways.Thesearethesameleaderswhoparticipatedinthehazardmitigationplanrevisionin2016,andwillcontinuetomeetwiththeEMADirectorandothercountyofficialsonanannualbasistoreviewtheyear’sdevelopmentplans.Theywillalsoworkcontinuouslytomaintain,revise,andimprovelocallanduseplans,economicdevelopmentandcommunitygrowthplans,comprehensivelanduseplanning,andotherlocalplanningefforts.Thecountywillalsoconsidermitigationplanningapartofallothercommunityplanningeffortsandstrivetoincludetheconcernsandchallengesofdisastersinallplanningareas.TheEMAwillleadtheefforttointegratedisasterpreparednessandmitigationplanningintoeconomicdevelopment,landuseplanning,landuseregulation,conservation,responseplans,andotherplansthatareimportanttothedailyoperationofthecounty.Disastermitigationwillbepromotedaspartofcommunitydevelopment,makingitswayintoacomprehensivearrayofdisciplinesandinterests.Keystakeholders,includingtheCountyCommissioners,EconomicDevelopment,RegionalPlanning,FloodplainAdministrator,Engineer’sOffice,zoningofficials,andpublicsafetyofficersfromacrossOttawaCountywillbeimportantpartnersinthiseffort.Theseindividualswillworkthroughtheirrespectiveagenciestopromotemitigationplanninganditsinclusionintheplans,procedures,guidelines,andprioritiesofeachagency,thusmakingmitigationatruecommunity-wideeffort.1.5.4DocumentationofPlanMaintenanceOttawaCountywillconsidercommunicationwithstakeholdersandthepublicregardinghazardmitigationtobeanannualnecessity.Itwillbescheduled,completed,andrecordedinordertofacilitateanexpeditiousplanupdatein2022withaccurateandrelevantinformation. TheEMAwillberesponsibleforrecordingandmaintainingdocumentationofallongoingplanmaintenanceactivities.Theserecordsshouldincludethedate,time,andattendanceatreviewmeetings,findingsofeachreview,andrecommendationsfromstakeholdersforchanges,additions,ordeletionsatthenextupdate.Resultsfromanysurveysandquestionnairesusedtocollectinformationshouldbemaintained,aswellasreportssubmittedbyjurisdictions.E-mailandwrittencommunicationfromstakeholdersandthepublicshouldbesavedforconsiderationduringannualreviewactivities.Allreports,documents,andfilescanbesavedelectronicallysothattheyareeasiertofindandlesscumbersometomaintain. 1.5.5PlanUpdateCycleTheOttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlanwillexpirein2022.Withgenerousdocumentationofongoingplanmaintenance,thecountyshouldbepositionedtosubmitanupdatedplanwellbeforethecurrentplan’sexpirationdate.Toensurethattheappropriate



timelineismet,formaleffortstoupdatetheplanshouldbeginbylate2020.TheEMADirectorwillensurethattheappropriateandnecessarystepsaretakentocompletethisprocess.



2.0HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONANDRISKASSESSMENTOttawaCountyhasexperiencedmanynaturaldisastersinthepastcentury,rangingfromtornadoesandblizzardstofloodsanddroughts.ThepurposeoftheHazardIdentificationandRiskAssessment(HIRA)istoidentifythenumberandfrequencyofdisastersinOttawaCountyandtherisktopeople,property,andstructuresthatthosehazardscause.Thisprocessallowsofficialsandresidentstobetterprepareforincidentswhentheyoccur.ThefirstsectionoftheHIRA,theCountyProfile,providesinformationonOttawaCountyanditsjurisdictions.IntheHazardIdentificationsection,eachhazardthatposesathreattoOttawaCountywillbediscussedindetail.Thefinalsection,RiskandVulnerabilityAssessment,willexplaintherisksandvulnerabilitiesOttawaCountymustaddresstoprepareforandmitigatetheidentifiedhazards.2.1COUNTYPROFILEOttawaCountyislocatedinnorthwestOhioandwasfoundedonMarch6,1840.ItwaspartoftheBlackSwamp,lyingonthefareasternborderofthismurkywetland.ItwasalsopartoftheFireLandswhereOhiolandwasgrantedtoConnecticutresidentsafterwartimeburningoflandtheyownedinthatstate.ThecountywasnamedfortheOttawaIndianswhoinhabitedtheareabeforeitwassettled,andthenamemeans“trader”inreferencetoalltheexchangingandtradingthatoccurredbetweentheIndiansandthefirstsettlers.ThecountywasformedfrompartsofErie,Lucas,andSanduskycounties,whichborderOttawaCountytothisday.OttawaCountyisthethirdsmallestlandcountyinOhio,havingjust255squaremilesofland.Thereis,however,another330squaremilesofwaterthatmakesuptherestofOttawaCounty.ThisiswhereduringtheWarof1812,CommodoreOliverHazardPerryandtheUSNavydefeatedtheBritishRoyalNavyinanextendedanddeadlybattle.TodayitiswherethousandsofvisitorsflocktovisittheLakeErieIslandsforfishing,camping,andvacationfun.Theareaispepperedwithmarinas,privateandcommercialvessels,andindividualwatercraftonasunnydaybetweenMayandOctober.Vacationhomes,timeshareproperties,andrentalsdotthecoastlineasLakeEriefeedsnotonlythetouristindustry,butalsothecommercialfishingbusinessesandtransportationspecialtiesinthewaterfrontcounty.ThewatersofLakeErieformtheentirenorthernborderofthecountyandconstituteaninternationalborderwithCanada.ThecountyisalsoborderedbyErieCounty(southeast),SanduskyCounty(south),WoodCounty(west),andLucasCounty(northwest).Itisapproximately37milesfromeasttowest,andatthebroadestpoint,slightlylessthan11milesnorthtosouth.Athree-personBoardofCommissionersgovernsthecounty.ElectedrepresentativesfromOhioCongressionalDistricts5and9,OhioHouseDistrict89,andOhioSenateDistrict2representthecountyatthestateandfederallevelsofgovernment.



2.1.1DemographicsThecurrentpopulation,accordingto2014USCensusestimates,is41,154.Thisrepresentsa0.7%decreasefromthe2010Censusfigures.Thepopulationhasdecreasedconsistentlysince2000,adownwardtrendthatisexpectedtocontinueoverthenextseveraldecades.

Table2-1:OttawaCountyPopulationStatisticsStatistic Figure

TotalArea 585sq.milesLandArea 255sq.milesWaterArea 330sq.milesPopulation(2014Estimate) 41,154PopulationDensity 163persons/sq.mileFemalePopulation 50.5%MalePopulation 49.5%Populationunder18 19.6%Populationover65 22.1%White 92.5%AfricanAmericanorBlack 1.0%Other 6.5%NumberofHouseholds 17,366AverageHouseholdSize 2.33MedianHouseholdIncome $53,599HouseholdsBelowPovertyLevel 10.1%

WithinOttawaCounty,thereare27,876housingunits.80.5%ofalloccupiedhousingunitsareowner-occupied;themedianvalueofthesehousingunitsis$136,000.Approximately37%ofhousingunitsinthecountyarevacant.(Vacanciesincludehomesthatareoccupiedseasonallyorintermittently.)Thereareapproximately4,002mobilehomesacrossOttawaCounty.Themediangrossrentforalltypesofrentalpropertiesis$716permonthwhilethemediancosttoownahomeis$1,241permonth.TherearemanyspecialresidentialhousingfacilitiespresentinOttawaCounty.Asof2010,thetypesoffacilitiesandnumbersofresidentsineachtypeareasfollows:

Table2-2:SpecialHousingFacilitiesFacility ApproximatePopulation

Nursing/SkilledNursingFacilities 393Local/MunicipalJailsandConfinementFacilities 75ResidentialTreatmentCentersforAdults 14GroupHomesforAdults 7

2.1.2IncorporatedJurisdictionsOttawaCountyiscomprisedofonecity,sevenincorporatedvillages,twelvetownshipsandtwenty-twounincorporatedneighborhoods.Onevillageandonetownshipareislands.



Map2-1:OttawaCounty

ClayCenterClayCenterisoneofthesmallervillagesinOttawaCounty.Itwasfoundedinthe1880’sasthecenterofClayTownship,anarearichinfarmlandandproduction.ClayCenterhasalmostnovariationinelevation,sittingonnearlyflatterrain.TheNorthBranchofTurtleCreekflowsthroughtheextremenorthernendofClayCenter,andtheSouthBranchofTurtleCreekpassesjustsouthofthecorporationline.ThesewaterwaysbothflowintotheToussaintRiverWatershed.

Table2-3:ClayCenterStatisticsStatistic Figure

Population,2010 276White 98.2%BlackorAfricanAmerican 0Other 1.8%NumberofHouseholds 103PersonsperHousehold 2.68

ElmoreThevillageofElmoreislocatedinsouthwestOttawaCounty;thePortageRiverflowsfromthesouthwestcornercomingfromSanduskyCounty,alongthenorthformingtheborderofthevillage,andouttothenortheastheadingtowardOakHarbor.Inthisarea,theriverbendsandtwists,slowingtherapidflowofwaterasitheadstowardLakeErie.

Mouse Island

PORT CLINTON

Marblehead

AllenTOWNSHIP

Oak Harbor

Rocky Ridge

Elmore

Genoa

ClayCenter

Put-in-Bay

SalemTOWNSHIP

Catawba IslandTOWNSHIP

ClayTOWNSHIP

CarrollTOWNSHIP

PortageTOWNSHIP

BentonTOWNSHIP

BayTOWNSHIP

Put-in-BayTOWNSHIP

HarrisTOWNSHIP

ErieTOWNSHIP

DanburyTOWNSHIP

Green Island

Rattlesnake IslandBallast Island

Sugar Island

North Bass Island

Middle Bass Island

South Bass Island

Johnson's Island

0 102.5 5 7.5

Miles

GIS Dat a S ou rcesPo li t ical Bo undar ies and Transportat ion - ODOT, 2008

Bright yellow denotes incorporated areas (cities & villages)This map is a product of the Ohio

Department of Natural Resources (ODNR)

Office of Coastal Management and is

intended to provide general information only.

coastal.ohiodnr.gov Map created: 02/15

Ottawa County OT1



Industrially,ElmoreishometotheoriginalElmorevehicle,eventuallyboughtoutbytoday’sGeneralMotors.Itisalsohometoberylliumproduction,usedinnuclearpower,nuclearweapons,andspaceprogramtechnology.Materion,oneofthecounty’slargestemployers,isaberylliumproductionfacilitylocatedoutsidethevillageinadjacentHarrisTownship.ElmoreisprimarilyabedroomcommunityforpeoplecommuningtoworkinnearbyToledobutishometomanyothersmallbusinesses.SchedelArboretumandGardens,apicturesqueorientalgarden,islocatedinElmorealongthePortageRiver.

Table2-4:ElmoreStatisticsStatistic Figure

Population,2010 1,410White 96.4%BlackorAfricanAmerican 0.5%Other 3.1%NumberofHouseholds 558PersonsperHousehold 2.53

GenoaThevillageofGenoaislocatedinwesternOttawaCounty,justnorthoftheSanduskyCountyborderandeastoftheLucasandWoodcountylines.Graymont,foundedin1948,isoneoftheworld’sleadingproducersoflimestoneproducts.ThecompanyoperatesaplantinGenoathatisoneofthelargestdolomitelimehydrationfacilitiesintheUnitedStates.OtherGenoaresidentsworkinretailandserviceestablishments,ordriveafewmilestothebusinessesandmanufacturingineastToledo.ChildreninGenoaattendGenoaPublicSchools.Thereareavarietyofchurchesinthevillage,includingRomanCatholicandProtestantdenominations.

Table2-5:GenoaStatisticsStatistic Figure

Population,2010 2.336White 96.2%BlackorAfricanAmerican 0.4%Other 3.2%NumberofHouseholds 944PersonsperHousehold 2.38

MarbleheadMarbleheadislocatedonthetipoftheMarbleheadpeninsulaborderingtheSanduskyBay.Thevillageisamajorlimestoneproducer,haulinglimestoneproductoutoftheareaonlakefreighters.MarbleheadhastheoldestoperatinglighthouseontheGreatLakes,andishometoaU.S.CoastGuardstation.Johnson’sIslandonthefartipofMarbleheadonceservedasaConfederateofficerPOWcampintheCivilWarandhasaConfederatecemeterywithinitsbounds.



Table2-6:MarbleheadStatisticsStatistic Figure

Population,2010 903White 98.7%BlackorAfricanAmerican 0.2%Other 1.1%NumberofHouseholds 417PersonsperHousehold 2.17

OakHarborOakHarboristhemostpopulatedvillageinOttawaCounty.Locatedcentrally,OakHarborsitsonthePortageRiverasitwidensanddeepens,leadingouttoLakeErie.OakHarbor’srootslieinlumberproductionandshippingallaroundtheworld,eveninthe1800’s.Thevillage,thennamedHartford,washometomanysawmillsandlumberyards.Whenpostofficeconfusionrequiredthenameofthevillagetochange,“Oak”waschosenbecauseoftheprevalenceofhighqualityoakwoodproductsandlumber,and“Harbor”representedtheimportanceofthePortageRivertothevillage.SomeofthelargestvesselsontheGreatLakescameoutofOakHarbor,transportingproductallovertheworld.Today,OakHarborishometosmallbusinesses(includinglumberyards),servicesforresidents,andthewell-knownAppleFestivalinmid-October.

Table2-7:OakHarborStatisticsStatistic Figure

Population,2010 2,759White 97.5%BlackorAfricanAmerican 0.3%Other 2.2%NumberofHouseholds 1,153PersonsperHousehold 2.39

PortClintonPortClintonisthelargestandmostpopulousjurisdictioninOttawaCountyandservesasthecountyseat.Itislocated44mileseastofToledoand90mileswestofClevelandbetweenthelakefrontandStateRoute2,amajoreast-westthoroughfareleadingfromToledotoClevelandandintoNewYorkState.ThePortageRiverentersLakeErieonthenorthwestsideofthecity.Theentirenorthernsideofthecityisboundedbylakeshore;thesouthernsideisascloseas¼milefromtheSanduskyRiverasitemptiesintotheSanduskyBay.Therearenosignificantditchesorcreeksinsidethecity.Theterrainismostlyflatwithlittlechangeinelevationfromonesideofthecitytotheother.Whenthecitywasfoundedintheearly1800s,theareawasmostlyorchards,vineyards,andfields.AggressiveindustrialdevelopmentbolsteredPortClinton’spopulationinthemid-1900s



assecondaryautomotiveandproductionfacilities,includingStandardProducts,SilganIndustries,CampPerry,andothers,broughtmanufacturingjobstothecity.Manyindustriesceasedtooperateinthelate1900sandearly2000s.Astheseindustriesslowlydisappeared,thepopulationdecreasedaspeoplemovedelsewhereforemployment.PortClinton,alongwithmanyotherjurisdictions,enduredaneconomicdownturnbeforethetouristindustrywasembracedandgrowthbegantoserveatransientpopulationthroughservice-basedbusinessopportunitiesinrecentyears.SituatedontheshoresofLakeErie,PortClintonispartofwhatisnowreferredtoas“Vacationland”.BetweenthemonthsofAprilandOctober,thousandsoftouristsvisittheareaforboatingandfishingandtoenjoythewaterfrontcommunity.WithnearbyattractionsincludingPut-in-Bay,MiddleBassIsland,Kelley’sIsland,CedarPoint,andKalahariWaterPark,PortClintonisawell-knowndestinationfortouristsofallages.Theareanowsportslargefranchisedhotels,privatebedandbreakfastfacilities,marinas,campgrounds,condominiums,cottages,andmanyprivatelyownedseasonallyoccupiedresidences.Itisadestinationvacationspotforfamilies,singles,andretirees,boostingseasonalpopulationsbyupwardsof100,000onabeautifulsummerday.Becausetheadjacentlakewatersarerichinwalleye,PortClintonisknownasthe“WalleyeCapitaloftheWorld”.Fishermanflocktothecityforcharterfishingandboating,andPortClintonFishCompanyharvestswalleyeandyellowperchtosellcommerciallytorestaurantsandfoodsuppliers.ThousandsofvacationersalsopassthroughthecitytoenjoytheLakeErieIslandsbywayofferriesbasedinthecity.PortClintonservesasthehubformuchofthetourismtradeforthegeneralarea,amountingtoasignificanttransientpopulationforthewarmerhalfoftheyear.KeybusinessesinPortClintonincludetheJetExpress,ownedbyPut-in-BayBoatlineswhichisaferryservicethatcarriesvisitorsandworkerstotheLakeErieIslands.Manyotherretailinstitutions,restaurants,hotels,andservice-basedprofessionalofficesfillthecity’sstorefronts.PortClintonhasonehospital,a38-bedcriticalaccesshospitalwitharobustemergencydepartment.Numerousmedicalofficesandancillaryservicesareplacedwithinashortdistancefromthehospital.PortClintonCitySchoolsservethecityandsurroundingtownshipswithinPortClintonwithanelementary,middle,andhighschoolfor1,800students.Therearenoothereducationalorvocationalcentersinthecity.

Table2-8:PortClintonStatisticsStatistic Figure

LandArea 2.08sq.milesPopulation,2010USCensus 6,009White 87.9%BlackorAfricanAmerican 2.3%



Other 9.8%NumberofHouseholds 2,608PersonsperHousehold 2.25MedianIncome $46,529PersonsbelowPovertyLevel 13.5%Elevation

AlthoughthemostcurrentofficialpopulationstatisticslistPortClinton’spopulationas6,009,localofficialsbelievetheactualfigureisslightlyhigher.WhenthecityannexedasmallsectionofPortageTownshipfordevelopmentpurposes,thepopulationincreasedto6,035.Put-In-BayPut-In-BayisthesmallestvillageinthecountybypopulationandislocatedonSouthBassIsland.Put-in-Baywasnamedfortheprotectionitaffordedshipsinstorms.Theywould“putin”attheislandandwaitoutthestorm.ThevillageishometothePerryVictoryandInternationalPeaceMemorial,which,at352feethigh,isthetallestopen-airobservatoryoperatedbytheNationalParkService.ThisareawashometoCommodoreOliverHazardPerry’stroopsduringtheWarof1812justpriortotheirdefeatoftheBritishRoyalNavy.Put-in-Bayboastsoftheworld’slargestgeode,CrystalCaveandStonehengeEstate,asiteregisteredwiththeNationalRegistryofHistoricPlaces,andisapopularresortdestination.Althoughthevillagehasaverysmallyear-roundpopulation,thisnumberincreasesdramaticallyduringthesummermonthswithseasonalresidents,vacationers,andday-tripvisitors.Asmanyas100,000visitorscanoccupytheislandonabeautifulsummerday.

Table2-9:Put-In-BayStatisticsStatistic Figure

Population,2010 138White 100%BlackorAfricanAmerican 0Other 0NumberofHouseholds 70PersonsperHousehold 1.94

RockyRidgeRockyRidgeisoneofthreevillagesinOttawaCountywithapopulationoflessthan500.ThevillageislocatednorthwestofOakHarborandwassettled“upontheridge”andoutofthewayoffloodingandothernaturaldisasters.TodaythevillageisasmallbedroomcommunitylocatedonarailroadtracksthataccessestheToledoportarea.Thecommunityisresidentialandboastsofitsresilience,safety,andfriendliness.

Table2-10:RockyRidgeStatisticsStatistic Figure

Population,2010 417White 95.7%BlackorAfricanAmerican 0



Other 4.3%NumberofHouseholds 159PersonsperHousehold 2.62

2.1.3TownshipsOttawaCountyisdividedinto12townships.Eachtownshipanditspopulationaccordingto2010U.S.CensusfiguresislistedinTable2-11.

Table2-11:TownshipPopulationStatisticsTownship Population

Allen 3,780Bay 1,458Benton 2,641Carroll 2,135CatawbaIsland 3,599Clay 5,058Danbury 5,167Erie 1,221Harris 3,018Portage 1,291PutInBay 633Salem 5,371

Becausethecountyisbroadfromeasttowest,andnarrowfromnorthtosouth,thetownshipsaregroupedintothreezonesforthepurposeofprofiles.Eachzoneoftownshipsischaracterizedbycommontraits,vulnerabilities,andneeds,andtheindividualjurisdictionsineachzoneareverymuchlikeoneanother.WestTownships–Allen,Benton,Clay,andHarrisTheWestTownshipsincludeAllen,Benton,Clay,andHarris.ThesetownshipsconsistofhighlyproductivefarmlandalongthePortageandToussaintrivers.Farmsareoperatedbyfamilies,manyhandeddownfromgenerationtogenerationoverthecenturies.Thelandischaracterizedbyflatterrain,wideandstraightditches,andcheckerboardroadsthatcreateaneasilynavigatedruralarea.SomewoodedareasarestillpresentinthisareathatusedtobeknowastheBlackSwamp,butmostacreagehasbeenstrippedoftreesandbrushtoutilizeproductivefarmland.Manyfencerowshavebeenremoved,makingtheflatlandvulnerabletowinddamageanderosion,withlittletobreakupstrongwindsandpreventdamagetostructures.Thetownshipsareevenlybutnotdenselypopulated,andneighborhoodsconsistoffarmsteadsandcollectionsofonetofiveacreplotsalongroadswithsinglefamilyhomes,manyofwhichwerebuiltinthemostrecentquartercentury.Therearefewmobilehomes,buttherearemanymodularhomesandpolebarnsonthesesmallplots.Thevillagesinthesetownshipsareclearlydefined,relativelycloselypopulated,andorganizedinproximitytoimportantroadways,waterways,andbusinesses.Mostnon-farmbusinessesarelocatednearthetowns,someinsideincorporationlimitsandothersnotbutproximaltothetown.



CentralTownships–Bay,Carroll,Erie,andSalemTheCentralTownshipsincludeBay,Carroll,Erie,andSalem.Thesetownshipsarecharacterizedbyconvergingwaterways,wheretheToussaintandthePortagebothreachLakeErie.BoundbyLakeErieonthenorthernside,themouthofboththePortageandtheToussaintriversinthemiddle,andtheSanduskyBayandMudCreekontheeastandsouth,thegreatestfearforthisareaisexpressedas“whenthelakemeetsthebay”.Theelevationsdrop,theriverswiden,andthesoilismostlysiltandmuck.Drainageispoor,watertablesareclosetothesurface,andditchesarewide.MudCreekreachesthebayandformsabroadmouthonthesouthendofBayTownshipasthecreekentersSanduskyBay.Theriverbedsandcoastallandishighlysusceptibletoriverinefloodingatthesametimenortheasterlywindscanpushlakewaterbackintothewaterways,overrunningthewasteland,bufferzones,andtakingovereventhedevelopedproperties.Thesewindversuswatershedforcescauseacoup-contra-coupflowofwaterthatinundatestheshorelinesandswallowsuplow-lyingproperties.Thesefourtownshipsthatarehometocampgrounds,touristattractions,parks,andotherscenicattractionsonasunnydaycanbecomethelandofmonstrousfloodingwhenthetidesturnandthewindblows.Inthemostsevereofpossibilities,thebaycouldmeetthelake,buryingthesecentraltownshipsunderwater.Ontheotherhand,thesesamefourtownshipscanbethesiteoffunandrecreation,andallthebeautyandjoythatattractthousandsandthousandsofvisitorstotheNorthCoasteverysummer.EastTownships–CatawbaIsland,Danbury,Portage,andPut-in-BayTheEastTownshipsincludeCatawbaIsland,Danbury,Portage,andPut-in-Bay.CatawbaIslandandDanbury,alongwiththevillageofofMarblehead,sitontwopeninsulas.CatawbaTownship,atonepoint,wasconsideredanislandwhenpartsofthelandwerecoveredinwater.Today,the“island”isreallyapeninsula,connectedtothemainlandbyanarrowstripofland.Bothpeninsulasstickoutofthelakewithrockysubterraneancomposition,lendingtheareatolowriskoffloodingoverhighembankmentsandrockyshorelines.CatawbaIslandandPortageTownshipsarehometomanyyearlongresidents.Singleandmultiplefamilyhomesaredenselyplacedacrossmostofthearea.DanburyTownshipneartheVillageofMarbleheadandtheunincorporatedareaofLakesideisdenselypopulatedwithsingleandmultiplefamilyhomes,butpartofthetownshipisfarmlandthatproducesfruitsandvegetablesandnurserystock.Put-in-Bayisatouristislandinthesummerandasmallquaintandisolatedvillageinthewinter.Thisentireareaishometoadoubledortripledpopulationduringthesummermonths.Campgrounds,condominiums,time-shareproperties,andhotelspepperthelandscape.Restaurants,marinas,boatdocks,parks,andothertouristattractionssharetheareawithafewfruitorchardsandnurseries.GatheringplaceslikePerry’sMonumentandLakesideChautauquaattracttouristsforspecialprogramsduringthetouristseason.Marinasarejam-packedwithsailboats,yachts,fishingboatsandspeedboatsastouriststaketothelakeforasummeroffunandrecreation.



Mostofthesoilandsubstructureisrockandsand.LaFargeQuarriesoperatesalargestoneminingoperation,andafewabandonedgypsumminesexist,mostlyinPortageTownship.Put-in-BayTownshipisthelargesttownshipinOhiointermsofwaterandlandarea.ThetownshipincludestheunincorporatedareasofSouthBassIslandaswellastheotherLakeErieIslandslocatedinOttawaCounty.TheBassIslands(SouthBassthatishometoPut-in-Bay,MiddleBass,andNorthBass)arethelargestandmostinhabited.GibralterIsland,RattlesnakeIsland,BallastIsland,GreenIsland,MouseIsland,StarveIsland,andSugarIslandarethelargerofseveralverysmallislandssurroundingtheBassIslands.Fewoftheseislandsareinhabitedandmostareprivatelyowned.TheOhioStateUniversityusesGibralterIslandasaresearchbaseonly.RattlesnakeIslandisaprivatelyownedislandresort.TheCanadianborderislessthantwomilesbeyondNorthBassIsland.2.1.4InstitutionsandSpecialFacilitiesOttawaCountyhasabundanteducationalandhealthcareresourcesavailableforresidents.Therearemultiplemilitaryorpara-militaryfacilitiesinthecounty,employingandservingcountyresidents,andfederalhomelandsecurityfacilitiesthatdothesame.TheseservicesimprovethequalityoflifeforresidentsandcontributetotheeconomyofOttawaCounty.EducationForprimaryandsecondaryeducation,OttawaCountyisservedby6publicschooldistrictsand2parochialschools.

Table2-12:OttawaCountySchoolsPublicSchoolDistricts Private/Parochial/CharterSchools

Benton-Carroll-SalemLocalSchoolDistrictDanburyLocalSchoolDistrictGenoaAreaLocalSchoolDistrictPortClintonCitySchoolDistrictPut-in-BayLocalSchoolDistrictWoodmoreLocalSchoolDistrict

ImmaculateConceptionSchoolSt.BonifaceCatholicSchool

AlthoughtherearenocollegesoruniversitiesinOttawaCounty,post-secondaryeducationisavailableatTerraStateCommunityCollegeinFremont(SanduskyCounty);BowlingGreenStateUniversityFirelandsBranchinHuron(ErieCounty);OwensStateCommunityCollegeinWoodCounty;andTheUniversityofToledoinLucasCounty.OthersmallprivatecollegesoperateinLucasCountyandnearbyMonroeCountyMichigan.VanguardVocationalSchool,EHOVEJointVocationalSchoolDistrict,andPentaCountyCareerCenterserveOttawaCountythroughthesecondaryschoolsandadulteducationdivisions.HealthcareOttawaCountyhasonehospital.MagruderHospitalisasmallin-patientandemergencyfacilitythatprovidesa24-houremergencydepartmentandawiderangeofinpatientandoutpatient



services.Forspecializedhealthcareservices,localresidentstraveltoSandusky,Cleveland,orToledo.Thecountyhasthreelicensednursinghomeswith170bedsandthreelicensedresidentialcarefacilitieswith175beds.Thesefacilitiesprovidehealthcareandhousingforelderlyindividuals,dementiapatients,andothersrecoveringfromshort-andlong-termillnessesandinjuries.TheseincludeOttawaCountyRiverviewHealthcareinOakHarbor,EdgewoodManorinPortClinton,andOtterbeinNorthShoreinMarblehead.SpecialFacilitiesTheUnitedStatesDepartmentofHomelandSecuritybuiltalargefacilityinPortageTownshipin2012.ThisisthefirsteversinglefacilitytohousetheCustomsandBorderPatrol,FieldOperationsOffices,andAirandMarineOfficesinasinglefacility.TheyservethewesternandcentralLakeEriearea,andprotectthenortherninternationalborderfromterroristandcriminalactivityCampPerry,abaseoftheOhioNationalGuard,islocatedinErieTownshiptothewestofPortClinton,housingtheRedHorseSquadronoftheOhioNationalGuard.AnnualriflematchesareheldatCampPerry,drawinghundredsofthousandsofparticipants,eventstaff,andspectatorstothearea.MilitaryreservegroupsandothersmeetatCampPerryforperiodiccampsandoperationalactivitiesonayear-widebasis.Whennotusedformilitarypurposes,theRedHorseBanquetHallisthecounty’slargestgatheringspace,hostingmanyspecialevents,receptions,andparties.TheUnitedStatesCoastGuardMarbleheadStationsitsontheshoreofLakeErieintheVillageofMarblehead.TheypatrolthecentralsectionofLakeErieandprovidesecurityandsafetyservicesforboatersandfreightersonLakeErie.TheyworkinconjunctionwiththeDetroitStationoftheCoastGuardtoexecuterescueoperationswhennecessary,andworkwithlocalresponderstoconductotheremergencyoperations.TheDavisBesseNuclearPowerStationislocatedinCarrollTownship.Thishighlysecurednuclearpowergeneratingfacilitywasbuiltnearlyfiftyyearsago,andisownedbyFirstEnergyCorp.Thefacilityemployshundredsofdirectandcontractualemployees,andbringsothercontractorsandregulatorystafftothecountyonaregularbasis.Theplantalsoprovidesfinancialsupporttolocalgovernmenttosupportthecostofhousingsuchafacilityinalocaljurisdiction.2.1.5InfrastructureOttawaCounty’sinfrastructureprovidesresidents,workers,andvisitorswithcriticalaccesstoservices.ThissectiondescribesOttawaCounty’stransportationandutilitysystems.TransportationOttawaCountyistraversedbymorethan1,500milesofroads.TheOhioTurnpikeistheonlyinterstatethatcrossesthecounty.Thereareapproximately140milesofstate-ownedhighway



inthecounty,includingSR2thatrunsfromendtoend.Townshipandcountyroadwaysmeasurealmost471miles,andcitystreetsaccountfor67milesofpavement.

Table2-13:OttawaCountyHighwaysInterstateRoutes StateRoutes

I-80/90 SR2SR19SR51SR53SR105SR163

SR269SR358SR579SR590SR795

Withinthecounty,thereare639bridgestructures.Ofthese,thecountymaintains359andtheOhioDepartmentofTransportationmaintains211.Theremainingstructuresaremaintainedbylocaljurisdictionsorotheragencies.BecauseOttawaCountyishometoseveralLakeErieIslands,thecountyhasmoreairportsthanmostcountieswithasimilarpopulation.TherearefivepublicairportsinOttawaCountyaswellasseveraladditionalprivateairstrips.Erie-OttawaRegionalAirportislocatedinPortageTownshipandprovidescargoandpassengerservicefromthemainlandtotheislandsandCanada.ServiceontheislandsisprovidedthroughMiddleBass-EastPointAirport,MiddleBassIslandAirport,NorthBassIslandAirport,andPut-in-BayAirport.FerryboatsprovidethemajorityoftransportationtoandfromtheLakeErieIslands.MillerBoatLineprovidespassengerandvehicletransportationbetweenCatawbaIslandTownshipandSouthBassIsland.TheJetExpressprovidespassenger-onlyservicebetweenSouthBassIslandanddocksinPortClinton,Sandusky,andKelley’sIsland.Kelley’sIslandBoatLinesoperatesabarge-typeferryserviceoutofMarblehead,carryingpassengers,freight,andheavycargototheisland.FerryserviceisalsoavailablebetweenSouth,Middle,andNorthBassIslands.Privateboatsalsofrequentlyprovidetransportationbetweenthemanymarinasonthemainlandandislands.UtilitiesThemajorityofhomesinOttawaCounty,morethan73%,areheatedwithnaturalgasorelectricity.Theseservicesareprovidedbyavarietyofcompanies.ThePublicUtilitiesCommissionofOhioregulatesprivatecompaniesthatprovidepublicutilityservices.Thesecompanies,alongwithmunicipalelectricutilities,areidentifiedinTable2-14.

Table2-14:OttawaCountyUtilityServiceProvidersElectricService NaturalGasService

ToledoEdisonOhioEdisonElmoreVillage*GenoaVillage*

ColumbiaGasofOhio



OakHarborCity**MunicipalElectricUtilities

Theremainingpropertiesinthecountyareheatedbyothersources,including:

• Bottled,tank,orLPgas 19.6%• Coal,cokeorwood 3.2%• Fueloil,kerosene 3.1%• Solarenergyorotherfuel 0.5%• Nofuelused 0.0%

OttawaCounty’sSanitaryEngineeringDepartmentoperatestheRegionalWaterTreatmentPlant.Theplanthasacapacityof9milliongallonsperdayandincludesthreeelevatedwatertowersand182milesoftransmissionanddistributionlines.TheplantservesPortClinton,OakHarborandthetownshipsofDanbury,CatawbaIsland,Portage,Erie,Bay,Salem,andHarris.Thecountyalsooperatestwowastewatertreatmentplants.ThePortage-CatawbaIslandWastewaterTreatmentSystemhasacapacityof1.34milliongallonsperdayandtheDanburyTownshipWastewaterTreatmentSystemhasacapacityof3.8milliongallonsperday.ThissystemservestheCityofPortClinton,theVillageofOakHarbor,andthetownshipsofDanbury,CatawbaIsland,Portage,Erie,Bay,Salem,andHarris.OtherjurisdictionsoperatingwastewatertreatmentplantsincludeElmore,Genoa,PortClinton,Put-in-Bay,andOakHarbor.ResidentsinCarrollTownshipreceivewaterfromtheCarrollTownshipWaterandSewerDistrict.Elmore,RockyRidge,ClayCenter,andtheremainingtownshipsareservedthroughindividualwellsforpotablewaterandleachsystemsforwastewaterandsewagemanagement.2.1.6TopographyOttawaCounty’slandscapeisgenerallyflatwithlittlechangeinelevationacrossthecounty.ThehighestpointisinDanburyTownshipandmeasures680’.Therockyareasattheeastendofthecountyarethehighpoint;elevationsslopedownwardalongtheshoresofLakeErieandtheSanduskyBay.TheclimateofOttawaCountyisconsistentwithmostofOhio.Thehumidcontinentalclimatezonefeaturescoldwintersandhotsummers.Theaverageannualtemperatureis50.2°F.JulyisthewarmestmonthandJanuaryisthecoldest.Thecounty’saverageannualrainfallis31.77inches.LandUseAgricultureisthepredominantlanduseinOttawaCounty.Croplandandpasturesaccountfor71.52%ofalllanduse.Thecountyalsofeaturessignificantamountsofforests,openwater,andwetlands.Thisincludes21areasorfacilitiestotaling5,543acresofstateparks,forests,naturepreserves,andwildlifeareas.



Table2-15:OttawaCountyLandUseLandUse Percentage

Cropland 60.62%Pasture 10.90%Urban(Residential,Commercial,Industrial,Transportation,UrbanGrasses) 8.12%

Forest 7.47%OpenWater 7.01%Wetlands(Wooded,Herbaceous) 5.18%Bare/Mines 0.72%

ParksandNaturalHabitatsTheLakeErieshoreislinedwithcampgrounds,parks,andnaturalhabitats.OttawaCountyishometo21parkareastotaling5,543acres.ThefederalandstateparksincludeOttawaNationalWildlifeRefuge,CraneCreekWildlifeExperimentalStation,MageeMarshStateReservation,ToussaintCreekWildlifeArea,OttawaNationalWildlifeArea,CatawbaIslandStatePark,EastHarborStatePark,DempseyStatePark,MeadowBrookMarsh,LittlePortageRiverWildlifeArea,SouthBassIslandStatePark,MiddleBassIslandStatePark,andNorthBassIslandStatePark.Perry’sVictoryandInternationalPeaceMemorialNationalMonumentislocatedonSouthBassIslandandtheonlyparkintheregionmanagedbytheNationalParkService.Individualmunicipalitiesandjurisdictionsalsomaintainlocalmanyparksandthereareseveralprivatelyownedrecreationalareasforhunting,fishing,andcamping.2.1.7WaterwaysandWatershedOttawaCountyispartofthreeprimarywatershedareas–Toussaint,Portage,andSandusky.ThePortageRiverandtheToussaintRiverflowthroughOttawaCountyonthewaytoLakeErie.TheSanduskyRiverformstheeastern-mostperimeterofthecountyasitreachestheSanduskyBay.MostofthecountydrainsthroughtheCrane,LaCarpe,Toussaint,TurtleandMuddyCreeks,andthetributariesofthosewaterways.



Map2-2:OttawaCountyWatersheds

Source:OhioDepartmentofNaturalResourcesAspartoftheareaclosesttothelakeandreceivingrunoffwaterfromseveralcountiestothesouth,OttawaCountyhasagreatdealofmarshyareaalongthelakeshoreandinlandareaclosetothelake.Thisincludesmarshland,naturalhabitat,protectedhabitat,andswampland.OthermajorwaterwaysinOttawaCountyincludeMuddyCreekandMuddyCreekBay(SalemandBayTownships),WolfeCreekandSugarCreek(HarrisandSalemTownships),PackerCreek,ToussaintCreekandToussaintRiver,andTurtleCreek.2.1.8RegulationTheOttawaCountyBuildingInspectionisresponsibleforenforcingbuildingcodesforresidentialandcommercialstructuresacrossthecounty.Thedepartmentalsoadministersthecounty’sfloodplainregulations.TheChiefBuildingOfficialisthedesignatedFloodplainAdministrator.Section3.0ofthecounty’sfloodplainregulationsdesignatesaFloodplainAdministratorandspecifiesthedutiesofthatoffice,whichincludeupdatingregulationsandenforcingsuchregulationsunderSection6.0.Additionally,theFloodplainAdministratorroutinelymonitorsfloodhazardareastoenforceregulationsandprovidecommunityassistance,suchasencouragingownerstomaintainfloodinsurancepolicies.TheOttawaCountyRegionalPlanningCommissionisresponsibleforlanduseandsubdivisionacrossthecounty.Theyalsosupporttheimplementationofzoningandfloodplainregulationsthroughoutthecounty.

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OTTAWA COUNTY WATERSHED MAP

04100010 Cedar-Portage

04100010 010 – Lake Erie tributaries below Maumee River to above Toussaint River

1 – (04100010 010 020) Wolf Ditch and Berger Ditch2 – (04100010 010 040) Cedar Creek, including Reno Side Cut and Ward Canal plus Lake Erie drainage between Reno Side Cut and Crane Creek3 – (04100010 010 050) Crane Creek, including Henry Creek4 – (04100010 010 060) Turtle Creek, plus Lake Erie drainage between Crane and Toussaint creeks

14-Digit Watershed Descriptions for:

04100010 020 – Toussaint River

5 – (04100010 020 010) Toussaint Creek headwaters to near Graytown6 – (04100010 020 020) Toussaint Creek from near Graytown to Lake Erie, except Packer and Rusha creeks7 – (04100010 020 030) Packer Creek8 – (04100010 020 040) Rusha Creek


04100010 060 – Portage River below North Branch to below Sugar Creek

9 – (04100010 060 010) Portage River below North Branch to above Sugar Creek, includes Lacarpe Creek Outlet #410 – (04100010 060 020) Sugar Creek


04100010 070 – Portage River below Sugar Creek to Lake Erie and Lake Erie

tributaries below Toussaint River to Marblehead

11 – (04100010 070 010) Wolf Creek12 – (04100010 070 020) Ninemile Creek13 – (04100010 070 030) Little Portage River below Ninemile Creek to Portage River14 – (04100010 070 040) Portage River below Sugar Creek to Lake Erie including Lacarpe Creek Outlets #2 and #3, except Wolf Creek and Little Portage River15 – (04100010 070 050) Lake Erie drainage downstream of Toussaint Creek to Marblehead, except Portage River


04100011 – Sandusky

04100011 010 – Muddy Creek and North Shore Sandusky Bay tributaries

16 – (04100011 010 010) Muddy Creek, except Little Muddy Creek17 – (04100011 010 030) Drainage to north side of Sandusky Bay including Johnson’s Island


04120200 – Lake Erie Islands

04120200 010 - Lake Erie Islands

18 – (04120200 010 010) Lake Erie Islands adjacent to Ottawa and Erie counties, including North Bass, Middle Bass, South Bass and Kelleys islands, and smaller islands


04100010 Cedar-Portage, continued

14-Digit HUCWatershed Boundaries

8-Digit HUCWatershed Boundaries11-Digit HUCWatershed Boundaries

River/Stream

Intermittent Stream

Ditch/Canal

Hydrography

Intermittent Lake/Pond

Lake/Pond

Marsh/Wetland/Swamp/Bog

River or Reservoir

Municipal Boundaries

Township Boundaries

County Boundaries

Political Boundaries

− Map Created by −Ohio Depa rtment of Na tural Resources

Office of Coasta l Man agem ent105 West Shoreline DriveSandusky , Ohio 44870

Ma rch 2 0, 2009

Transportation

InterstateFully Controlled Access(Non-Interstate)

US Route

State Route

Local Road

− GIS Data Sources −Hydrography − USGS, various datesPolitical Boundaries − ODOT, 2008Transportation − ODOT, 2008Watershed Boundaries − USGS, ODNR, OEPA, NRCS, 1999

Miles

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



NineofOttawaCounty’stwelvetownshipshavezoningregulationsinplace.Thesetownshipsemploypart-timezoninginspectorstoadministertheirlocalzoningrequirements.AcompletelistofthezoningregulationstatusforeachtownshipisprovidedinTable2-16.Eachtownshipmaintainsalanduseplan,whichisavailabletothepublicviatheRegionalPlanningCommission’swebsite.

Table2-16:TownshipZoningStatusTownship ZoningStatus

Allen ZonedBay UnzonedBenton ZonedCarroll UnzonedCatawbaIsland ZonedClay ZonedDanbury ZonedErie UnzonedHarris ZonedPortage ZonedPutInBay ZonedSalem Zoned

2.1.9EconomyandDevelopmentOttawaCounty’seconomyisbasedprimarilyinagriculture,manufacturing,andtourism.Thelakeshoreareasofthecountydominatetheserviceandtourismindustries;agricultureismoreprevalentinthecentralandwestportionsofthecounty.BusinessandIndustryOttawaCountyhasastronghistoryinindustrialproductionandinnovation.Thecountyisaworldwidecenterforpumpproductionandprovidessignificantresourcesforplasticsandsensorsmanufacturing.Withampleroadandrailtransportationreadilyavailabletoindustries,OttawaCountyisperfectsettingfortheproductionofgoodstoservethecontinentalUnitedStates.Thisstrongmanufacturingsectorformsthebasisofthecounty’seconomy.Inrecentyears,tourismhasgrowntobeasignificantpartoftheeconomicthreadofOttawaCounty.Eachyear,hundredsofthousandsofvisitorsflocktotheLakeErieBassIslandsandtheVillageofPut-in-Baytoenjoythelakefront,fishing,andthebeaches.Resortsandothertransienthousinghavecroppedupineverycorneroftheareatoprovidelodgingforovernightvisitors.Marinasanddockshaveappearedalongtheshoreline,allowingforprivateboatstotransportseasonalvisitorsbetweentheislandsandthemainland.Charterboatavailabilityforfishingexcursionsanddaytripshasincreasedrapidlytotakeadvantageofthetouristtrade.TourismhasbecomeasignificantpartoftheeconomicdevelopmentinOttawaCountyandislikelytocontinuetodevelopbothontheislandsandthemainland.LocaldevelopmentorganizationssuchastheOttawaCommunityImprovementCorporationandlocalChambersofCommercehaveworkeddiligentlytosupportthisrecoveryandfoster



innovationandnewbusinessgrowthinthecounty.Theyhaveworkedwithschoolstodevelopandsustaintheskilledlaborworkforcenecessarytostartandcontinueproactivebusinessdevelopment.Afterthelossofsignificantnumbersofindustriesinthelate1900’s,thecountyreboundedinthepastdecadebyprovidingajust-in-timeworkforcewiththecapabilitiesneededfornewandinnovativemanufacturingandshipping.In2014,OttawaCountyreported1,002activebusinessesand55businessstarts.Thenewindustrialpark,locatedonSR163eastofOakHarborandwestofPortClinton,grewindiversityandnumbers,andbecamehometostart-upandexpansionofmanufacturersasaresultofaggressiveandeffectiveeconomicdevelopmentefforts.Asmanufacturingandbusinessdevelopmentsoars,theserviceindustryfollowswithgrowthtosupportandsustaintheworkforce.Thetouristindustrythrivesduringsummermonthstoserveboaters,campersandothervisitors,andwintersarefilledwithsnowmobilersandicefishermen.Thehealthcare,education,andgovernmentsectorshaveexpandedtoservetheinfluxofmoreindustrialworkers,providingmoresupportjobsandaddingadditionaleconomicactivitytoabustlingcommunity.EmploymentinOttawaCountyisattributedtomultipleindustries.AverageemploymentforeachsectorislistedinTable2-17.

Table2-17:MajorEmploymentSectorsEmploymentSector Establishments AverageEmployment

Trade,Transportation,andUtilities 221 2,867LeisureandHospitality 233 2,708Manufacturing 54 2,181LocalGovernment N/A 1,862EducationandHealthServices 69 1,741Construction 93 461ProfessionalandBusinessServices 112 438FinancialServices 86 419OtherServices 88 384NaturalResourcesandMining 17 183FederalGovernment N/A 164StateGovernment N/A 160Information 14 73

AccordingtotheOttawaCommunityImprovementCorporation,themajorprivatesectoremployersinthecountyinclude:

Table2-18:PrivateSectorMajorEmployersCompany Employment Location

DavisBesseNuclearPowerStation 700 OakHarborMaterionBrushInc. 635 ElmoreMagruderHospital 373 PortClintonUnitedStatesGypsumCompany 225 Gypsum



FennerDunlop 155 PortClintonGuardianIndustries 145 MilburyNorthernManufacturing 126 OakHarborADfilm/APCO 80 OakHarborGraymontDolimeIncorporated 65 GenoaSignatureLabel 65 OakHarborBiroManufacturing 60 MarbleheadARESIncorporated 45 PortClintonRiversideMachining 55 GenoaC.NelsonManufacturing 32 OakHarbor

Inthepublicsector,themostsignificantemployersincludeBenton-Carroll-SalemLocalSchools,OttawaCountyGovernment,andPortClintonCitySchools.EmploymentstatisticshavesteadilyimprovedinOttawaCountysincetheeconomicdownturnof2008-2009.By2014,thecounty’sunemploymentratehaddroppedto7.4%.Still,unemploymentinOttawaCountyissignificantlyhigherthantheOhioaverageof5.2%.

Table2-19:EmploymentStatistics 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Employed 19,900 20,000 19,900 19,900 20,200Unemployed 2,800 2,500 2,100 2,100 1,600UnemploymentRate 12.3% 11.1% 9.5% 9.7% 7.4%

TravelandTourismOttawaCounty’scentralandeastregions,includingtheLakeErieIslands,PortClinton,CatawbaIsland,Marblehead,andthetownshipshaveallgrownandthrivedinlightoftourism.Thelakeprovidesforboating,skiing,andfishing.Walleyeandyellowperchattracthundredsofthousandsoffishermeneachyearfromearlyspringthroughlatefall.Icefishermencometoexperiencewintertimefishingduringthosewintersthatprovideadequatecoldtofreezethelake.Thelakeshore,fromCarrollTownshipinthewesttoDanburyTownshipintheeastandwrappingaroundtotheSanduskyBayinPortageTownship,andallinbetween,providesanareaformarinas,transientdockage,parks,naturalhabitat,wetlands,birdwatching,andbeaches.Theshorelineisdottedwithrestaurants,fuelstationsandcarryouts,boatrepairandtowingservices,andhotels,condominiumsandtimeshareresidences.Privatelyownedcottagesandsummerhomescollectinneighborhoods,creatingunincorporatedneighborhoodsallalongtheshoreline.RecreationalvehiclesofallsizesimaginableoccupyspacesalongsidetentsandcampersinawholehostofcampgroundsandRVparks.Supportservicessuchasgrocerystores,carryouts,bankbranches,cardealerships,andmedicalofficessupportthesetemporaryresidentswiththeservicesneededtohandledailyfunctions,emergencies,andspecialevents.AgricultureAgricultureisamajorcontributortoOttawaCounty’seconomy.Thecounty’s160,000acresoffarmlandaccountformorethanhalfofalllanduseinthecounty.Corn,soybeans,andwheat



arethemostprevalentcrops.Thecountyalsohasseveralhundredacresoffruitandvegetablecrops.Livestockisanotherimportantsegmentoftheagricultureindustry.Cattle,milkcows,hogs,andpoultryarethelargestindividuallivestockenterprisesinthecounty.

Table2-20:AgricultureStatisticsStatistic Figure

TotalFarmAcreage 112,677NumberofFarms 620AverageFarmSize(acres) 182TotalCashReceipts $79,052,000ReceiptsperFarm $127,503CropReceipts $77,847,000Livestock/ProductReceipts $1,205,000

2.1.10DevelopmentTrendsOttawaCountyisanaggressivepartnerineconomicdevelopment.Havingsufferedindustrialdevastationinthelate1900’sandhavinglostnumerouskeyindustries,thecountyhascombinedcriticalcomponentstoredevelopthecounty’seconomyandtorestoreathrivingcommunity.DevelopmentinOttawaCountyinthe1990’sandearly21stcenturywasaimedatindustrialrecruitmentintendedtoreplacethelargeemployersofthepreviousdecades.StandardProducts,Uniroyal,andothersecondaryautomotiveandfederaldefensesuppliershadbeenthebackboneofOttawaCountyformanyyears.Asfederalbudgetsdwindled,militaryinstallationsshrunkinsizeandcapacity,andtheautomotiveindustrycrashed,OttawaCountysuffered.Businessesclosed,residentsmovedaway,housesstoodempty,andsmallbusinessesdied.TheagriculturalbaseinOttawaCountyremainedstrong.Orchardsandvegetablescontinuedtogrowintheeasternpartofthecounty,andfamilygrainfarmsintheotherpartscontinuedtoproduce.DavisBesseNuclearPowerStationprovidedataxbaseforstrongschools,andemploymentthereremainedhighandwellpaid.Whilethissustainedpartofthecounty,itwasnotenoughtosatisfytheentirecounty’sneeds.Aplantorecoverfromtheindustrialdeclinewassorelyneeded.Theyearsfrom1995until2005werechallenging.Initialrecoveryeffortshadcenteredaroundrecruitmentofsmallbusinessandindustry.Smallmanufacturing,trades,andspecialtyserviceswerecourtedandsoughttoreplacethelargeemployersofthepast.Astheseeffortsmetwithsomesuccessbutmorefailure,theschoolssuffered,thetaxbasedeclined,andthehorizonlookedbleak.ThisglimpicturewasnotuniquetoOttawaCounty;infact,theentirenorthcoastofthestatewassufferingeconomically.Theautomotivecrashledtoarealestatecrash,andevenmoredecreaseinprosperityhitthewholearea.



Shortlyaftertheturnofthecentury,thenorthcoastofLakeEriecamealive.Aseconomieselsewhereimproved,touristsreturnedtotheshorelinecommunities.Severalwaterparksopenedtheirdoors,nonemorespectacularthanKalahariWaterParkandResortinadjacentErieCounty.Kalahari,thelargestofitskindintheentireUnitedStates,coupledwithCedarPointandtheLakeErieIslands,helpedOttawaCountybecomeathrivingandprosperousareaagain.Butwithdifferentdevelopmentactivitiescamedifferentchallenges.Thegoalsnolongerwerecreationoflargefactoriesandplants,buttheconstructionofhotels,condominiums,andvacationhomes.Thecountywasaccustomedtoatransienttouristpopulation,buthadtoconsiderthatthispopulationwasfarlargerthaninthepastbecausefarmoretouristscouldbehousedonthemainlandthaninyearspast.Trafficpatternschanged,publicserviceschanged,anddemandsonpublicofficialstoplan,enforce,andoverseedevelopmentgrew.Asindustrialdevelopmentwasconsidered,severalareaswereestablishedtoattractsmallmanufacturingandindustries.AnindustrialzonejustnorthofOakHarboronStateRoute163wascreated,andanareainsidethecityofPortClintonwasdesignated.Bothhavegrowntoincludeseveralsmallindustrialfacilities,andsitclosetotransportationandhighways.Todate,industrialgrowthismodestbuthappeningasthecountyischallengedtoprovidetheskilledtradesmennecessaryforsomeindustries.WhiletheDavisBesseNuclearPowerStationemploysmanyworkers,thethreatofclosureloomsastheplantagesandrevenuesdwindle.IndustrialgrowthhasexperiencedlimitationsinOttawaCounty.Therefore,thecountyhasreassesseditsattributes,andfocushasmovedtoincludeaggressivetourismindustrygrowth,utilizingthelakeasitscentralassettoattractmoretouriststoOttawaCounty.Thebeautifullakeshore,themagnificentwatersofthelake,andthesunshineandbeachesarecentraltowhatbringsnewpeopleandtheirbusinesstothecounty.Theverylandthatisthreatenedbynor’eastersandharshlakedrivensnowiswhyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleflocktoOttawaCountyonasummerdayin2016.Growthincludeshotels,cottages,andcondominiums.Fulltimeresidentsliveinmulti-familyhousingaswellasindividualhomes.Growthattheairporthasfacilitatedmovingpeopleandgoodsquicklybetweentheislandsandthemainland,andtheferryserviceshaveexpandedtheirofferings.Campgroundsandwaterparksthriveastheshorelinebecomesalivewithpeoplefromspringthroughfall.Duringthewintersthatbecomecoldandfrigid,theicefishermencometocatchfishontheshallowwatersofthewesternbasin.Today,in2017,thereismoreemphasisuponresidentialgrowththaninthepast.Thefocusislakefronthomes,islandhomes,condominiums,andmulti-familyhousing.Developmentgoalshavechangedtorecognizethatnewfacilitiesmayhavetobebuiltinsideareasthatflood,forallofOttawaCountysitsatthebottomofawatershed.However,growthinthislow-lyingareacanoccurinasmartandsustainablewayifnewconsiderationsaregiventofloodcontrol,smartconstruction,andmitigationinthedesignphase.



MostofOttawaCountyisinafloodplain,andwhencombinedthreatsofcoastalflooding,riverineflooding,marshlandoverflow,andseverethunderstormsandtornadoesprevail,thecountymustmakecriticaldecisionsregardingdevelopmentgoals.ThekeytosuccessinOttawaCountyisnottoprohibitdevelopmentinfloodzones;shouldthecountydothat,theywouldbeforcedtoclosethedoorsofjustabouteverythingandshutthecountydown.Instead,theirgoalsfocusonwisedevelopment,usingmaterialsandpracticestowithstandthethreatsreasonablyanticipated,tofacilitateshowcasingtheverysamecommunitycharacteristicsthatposethethreatstotheirexistence.OnlythroughthiswisedevelopmentcanalakeshorecommunitydevelopitsassetstoproduceeconomicbenefitforresidentsthroughthetourismandrecreationalactivitiesmadepossiblebyLakeErie.OttawaCountymustvieweconomicandcommunitydevelopmentthroughalensfilteredwithcaution,beingcarefultoinvestinthosebusinessesandindustriesthatsupportandfeedwhatcanbesustainedallyearlong.Asacommunitythatthrivesintourismduringthewarmmonths,fromMaythroughOctober,theretailestablishmentslikestores,hotels,andrestaurantscomealiveasvisitorstotheareawalkthroughtheirdoors.Whentheweatherturnscold,dampandblusteryinNovember,thedoorsstayclosedandthesidewalksareempty.Theonlytemporaryboonoccurswhenthedeepwintericeisthickandstableenoughforicefishing.Thatwindowgenerallyopensforlessthantwomonths,andsomeyearsdoesnotoccuratall.ThoselatefalltoearlyspringmonthscanbedevastatingforsmallbusinessandcausethemtostarveanddiewiththeebbandflowofcommerceinOttawaCounty.Therefore,thedevelopmentmustbuildfromthebeginningtoendureandsurvivetwoextremeswhenbaseduponwalk-inandimpulsecustomers.Resiliencetoanaturaldisasterprovidesyetanotherchallengetothesesometimesfragilebusinesses,andthatpotentialdemisecastsashadowonpotentialnewventures.OttawaCountyiswellawarethatitsgrowthisdependent,atleastinpart,uponcreatingresilientcommunities.Theyareawarethatbuildingcodes,landuseplanning,regulationandenforcementareallkeytothelong-termsuccessofthecounty.Thesesystemsexist,andtheofficialsandresidentsinthecountyarewillingtocomplywithstandardsthatmaketheirdevelopmentwiseandsustainable.Thecountyanditscommunitieshavejoinedforcestoaddressdevelopmentinwaysthatprotect,preserve,andsustainresistancetodamagesandresiliencethroughsustainablepractices.Themunicipalitiesandtownshipshaveworkedtogethertocreateanalmost-consistentbuildingstandardthroughoutthecounty.AllareasexcepttheVillageofOakHarborarecoveredbythelocalbuildingregulations.OttawaCountydeveloped,implementedandenforcedbothresidentialandcommercialbuildingcodesoverfortyyearsago,inapproximately1974.ThiswasdonetoprovideassurancesthateventheearliestdevelopmentofseasonalhomesandpermanentresidenceswouldbeabletowithstandthestormsthathitOttawaCounty.Acertifiedcountybuildingofficialhassinceoverseenandapprovedsiteandconstructionplans,andprovidespermittingforelectrical,plumbing,andotherconstructioncomponents.Thecountyregistersvendorswho



providebuildingservices,anddesignatesappropriatematerialsandpracticestobeusedinresidentialdevelopment.Newconstructionandrenovationsarecoveredbytheresidentialcodes,aswellassignificantrepairandreplacementofcriticalhomecomponents.CommercialdevelopmentisregulatedandenforcedbytheBuildingInspectionDepartmentinconjunctionwiththeOhioDepartmentofCommerce.ThecountyhasadoptedtheInternationalBuildingCodeandtheInternationalFireCodes.Firesafetyinspectionsarecompletedbylocalfiredepartmentscertifiedinperformingthoseinspections.Assistanceisobtainedwhennecessaryfromthestatebuildinginspectors.Whenabusinessdecidestodevelopproperty,itisrequiredthattheriskbeconsideredastheblueprintsaredrawn.Designmustincluderetentionanddetentionofstormwater;elevationtokeepstructuresaboveandclearfromflooding;appropriatefoundationandstructuralsupportsystemsdependentuponthesoilandlocationofthepropertybeingdeveloped;approvaloftheconstructionmaterialstobeusedwhentheycouldbeaffectedbytypicalthreats,suchassiding,roofing,anddrainage;andconstructionpracticessuchassitepreparation,utilityinstallation,andplumbing,heating,andairconditioninginstallation.OttawaCounty,inlightofthestandardstheyhavedeveloped,isaggressivelydevelopingbothindustriallyandresidentially.Thecountydevelopmentprofessionalsarerecruitingsmallandmediumsizedmanufacturing,services,andindustriesthroughprovidingaskilledworkforcetofilljobs,adoptingtaxincentivestoassistbusinessownersfinancially,developingthesupportservicestohelpbusinessownerswitheaseofrelocationandemployment,andbyfosteringcommunityculturalgrowthtoestablishagoodplacetoraisefamiliesandtolive.Becausesomeofthedevelopmentwilloccurinruralareasthatarecurrentlyfarmland,thecountyisworkingtoimprovedrainagethroughditchmaintenance,stormwatermanagement,andutilityhardeningbyburyinglinesandimprovingagedlinesandpipes.ThecountyisworkingtoprotectandpreserveahighqualitypotablewatersupplyinlightofalgalbloomissuesintheWesternBasinofLakeEriewhichaffectstheirwatersource.OttawaCountyhasbeenaleaderintheStateofOhioindevelopmentofalgalbloomtestingandtreatment.Communitieshaveworkeddiligentlytoimprovestormwaterandsanitarysewerlines,separatingthesesystemsunderUSEPAregulations,forthebenefitofcurrentandfutureresidents.Citiesandvillageshaveworkedtoimprovethecapacityofstormsewersasrunoffwaterreachesthelakemuchfastertodaythaninyearspast.Theaggressivetilingoffarmlandfarupthewatershedhasbroughtrunoffwaterintothelakefasterthaneverbefore,placingamuchhigherdemandonthestormsewersinvillageslikeOakHarbor,Elmore,andGenoa,aswellascitieslikePortClinton.AtthesametimethatOttawaCountyisworkingtoattractandsecureadditionalbusinessesandemploymentopportunitiesforitsresidents,thecountyisworkingtoestablishandmaintaincriticalrelationshipswiththebusinessesthatalreadyexist.Theyareworkingtofacilitateandsupportexpansion,todecreasethecostofdoingbusinessthroughefficiencyandeffectivegovernance,andtosupportthesustainmentofjobsandemployability.



ThroughdevelopmentofrecoveryresourcesintheOttawaCountyEmergencyManagementAgency,acurrentcapacitytoaddressshortandlongtermbusinessrecoveryafterfloodsandseverestormswillhelpthecountysurviveafterdisasters.Thiswholecommunityplanningforcebringstogetherthevariousentitiesneededtorepairandrestoreservicesafterwindandwaterbringcasualty.Thecommunityleadersworktogethertomaintainrelationshipsbetweenthepublicandprivatesectorstoaddressstructuraldamages,lossofbusiness,andcostofrecovery.TheyhavemadesignificanteffortstobeabletoaddressimmediateresponseneedsinconsiderationofshortandlongtermrecoveryneedstomakesurethebusinessesthatareborninOttawaCountycontinuetowithstandtherisksassociatedwiththeareaandsustainresilientpracticestoenhancesurvivalratesshouldasignificanteventstrikeinthearea.OttawaCountymightbeasmallcountyinpopulation,butthecountyleadershipthinksprogressivelyandpositively,andworkshardtoestablishasoundbasisforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment.Theyworktoanticipatetheneeds,threatsandrisksofgrowth,andtodevelopmitigationeffortsthatlessenoreliminatethelosseswhenpossible.2.2HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONThissectionofHIRAdefineseachhazardthatcanimpactOttawaCounty,identifiesthelikelyrisks,andexamineshistoricalhazardeventsthathaveoccurredinthecounty.Thenaturalandtechnologicalhazardsassessedinclude:

• Coastalerosion• Damfailure• Drought/extremeheat• Earthquake• Flood• Landsubsidence• Severethunderstorm• Tornado• Windstorm• WinterStorm

SomenaturalhazardswereexcludedfromthisplanbecausetheyposenorisktoOttawaCounty.Table2-21identifiesthesehazardsandexplainswhythehazardisnotrelevanttoOttawaCounty.

Table2-21:ExcludedHazardsExcludedHazard Justification

InvasiveSpecies NotidentifiedasaconcernMud/landslide ElevationnotconducivetothishazardTsunami GeographicallyimpossibleVolcano GeographicallyimpossibleWildfire Insufficientforestedarea



TounderstandtheriskposedbynaturalhazardsinOttawaCounty,itisimportanttodefinethecharacteristicsofeachhazard.Asacomponentindeterminingthecounty’sriskforthesehazards,thelocalhistoryofeachhazardwasreviewed.Thissectiondefineshazards,identifiessignificantoccurrencesofeachtypetoimpactOttawaCounty,andprovidesasummaryofOttawaCounty’shistorywitheachincident.AcompletelistofoccurrencesforeachhazardisprovidedinAppendixA:HazardandVulnerabilityData.HistoricalinformationwasobtainedfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration’sNationalClimaticDataCenter(NCDC)andsupplementedwithinformationfromlocalofficials.2.2.1CoastalErosionErosionisdefinedasthegradualwearingawayoftheearth’ssurfacebythenaturalforceofwindandwater.AlongtheshoresofLakeErie,theconstantactionofwind,water,andiceflowsslowlybreaksdownandwearsawaytherockandsoilalongtheshore.Wavesandgravityaretheprimarycontributorstoerosion.Aswavescrashonshore,theyundercutthelandandtheforceofgravitypushessoilintothewater.Overtime,thisprocesscausestheshorelinetorecede.Approximately1.6milliontonsofmaterialsareerodedfromthelakeshoreeveryyear.CoastalerosionisasignificantissuealongtheentireLakeErieshore.AcrossallofnorthernOhio,thereare312milesofLakeEriecoastline.Approximately95%ofthisshorelineiserodingaccordingtotheOhioGeologicalSurvey.Ottawaisoneofeightcountiesalongthecoastlineandhas100milesofshorelinealongLakeErieandtheSanduskyBay.Thisareaincludesthemainlandandislandsthatfallwithinthecounty’sborder.Alloftheseareasareatriskforcoastalerosion.Table2-22providesgeneralerosionratesfromtheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResourcesforOttawaCountyandSanduskyBay,whichtouchesthreecounties.Thelong-termratesincludetheyears1877-1973.Short-termratesrepresent1973-1990.

Table2-22:CoastalErosionRates

Location Long-termDistance(ft)

Long-termRate(ft/yr)

Short-termDistance(ft)

Short-termRate(ft/yr)

OttawaCounty 208 2.0 27 1.6SanduskyBay(Erie,Sandusky,andOttawaCounties)

241 2.8 32 1.9

WithinOttawaCounty,theriskforcoastalerosionvariesbyjurisdiction.Thelakeshorejurisdictionsinthewesternportionofthecountyhaveahighercoastalerosionriskthanthosetotheeast.ThecoastalareasinCarroll,Erie,andBayTownshipareprimarilybeachandmarshareaswithlowelevations.Structuresinthesecoastalareasareprimarilyresidential,andincludealargepercentageofsummerhomesandseasonalcottages.Someoftheseareasareprotectedbybreakwallsthatreducetheimpactofwavesastheywashonshore.TheeasternmunicipalitiesofMarblehead,PortClintonandPut-in-BayandCatawbaIsland,Danbury,Portage,andPut-in-BayTownshipsaresusceptibletocoastalerosionbut,giventheirhighelevationandrockysurfaceandsub-surface,erosionislesslikelytoimpactstructuresthaninotherareasofthecounty.Thehighcliffsandrockledgesprotectthehomes,businesses,and



infrastructurealongthelakeshorefromwindandwaterdamage.InthecityofPortClinton,thehighwayandhomesareseveralhundredfeetfromthecoastlineandnotsignificantlysusceptibletocoastalerosiondamage.Whilethecountyissignificantlylakefront,thereisnotalargeamountofbeachacrosstheshoreline.Alargepercentageofthecoastalareaiseithermarshandwetland,orrockyledge.ThemapbelowidentifiestheareasofOttawaCountyatriskforcoastalerosion.Thereareapproximately70acresoflandwithinthiscoastalerosionarea.Thisidentifiedareaincludesmarsh,wetland,beach,androckledgewithoutdifferentiationbetweenthosetypes.Whiletheseareasaresusceptibletocoastalerosion,therearenodocumentedincidentsorlossesspecificallyattributedtothishazard.Moststructuresarenotbuiltclosetothewater.

Map2-3:CoastalFloodAreas

Source:OhioDepartmentofNaturalResources2.2.2DamFailureAdamisanartificialbarrierbuiltacrossflowingwater.Thisbarrierdirectsorslowstheflowofwaterandoftencreatesalakeorreservoir.Adamisconsideredhydrologicallysignificantifithasaheightofatleast25feetfromthenaturalstreambedandastoragecapacityofatleastfifteenacre-feetoranimpoundingcapacityofatleast50acre-feetandissixfeetormoreabovethenaturalstreambed.Damsareconstructedforfloodcontrolpurposesortostorewaterforirrigation,watersupply,orenergygeneration.Theycanbecomposedofearth,rock,concrete,masonry,timber,oracombinationofmaterials.Leveesareembankmentsconstructedtopreventtheoverflowofariverandsubsequentfloodingofthesurroundingland.Theycanbebuiltusingearth,rock,orothermaterials.Leveesconstructedfromconcreteormasonrymaterialsarereferredtoasfloodwalls.



Damfailureistheuncontrolledreleaseofthewaterheldbackbythedaminalakeorreservoir.Themajorityofdamshaveasmallenoughstoragevolumethatabreachorfailurewillhavelimitedimpactonthesurroundingcommunity.Butthefailureofalargedamcancausesubstantialfloodingdownstreamandleadtosignificantlossoflifeandproperty.Therearemanycausesofdamfailure,including:

• Sub-standardconstruction• Geologicalinstability• Spillwaydesignerror• Poormaintenance• Internalerosion• Extremeinflow• Earthquake

TheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResourcesisresponsiblefordeterminingthehazardpotentialfordamsthroughtheirDamSafetyProgram.ODNRclassifiesdamsbasedonthisscale:

Classification DescriptionClassI Probablelossoflife,serioushazardtohealth,structuraldamageto

highvalueproperty(i.e.homes,industries,majorpublicutilities)ClassII Floodwaterdamagetohomes,businesses,industrialstructures(no

lossoflifeenvisioned),damagetostateandinterstatehighways,railroads,onlyaccesstoresidentialareas

ClassIII Damagetolowvaluenon-residentialstructures,localroads,agriculturalcrops,andlivestock

ClassIV LossesrestrictedmainlytothedamTherearetwolowheaddamsinOttawaCountyaccordingtotheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResources.BotharelocatedonthePortageRiverinHarrisTownship.TherearenoleveesinOttawaCounty.AccordingtorecordsfromStanfordUniversity’sNationalPerformanceofDamsProgram,therearenowrittenreportsofdamincidents,breaches,orfailuresinOttawaCounty.Thereisalessthan1%probabilityofadamincident.2.2.3DroughtandExtremeHeatAdroughtisadeficiencyofmoisturethatadverselyimpactspeople,animals,andvegetationoveranareaofsignificantsize.Becausedroughtisacreepingphenomenoncharacterizedbytheabsenceofwater,thereisnodefinedbeginningorend,noristhereastandardamountoftimerequiredforanextendeddryperiodtobeconsideredadrought.Itisconsideredadroughtwhenthedryperiodlastslongenoughtoimpacttheenvironmentandeconomyofaregion,typicallyaperiodofmonthsoryears.



Therearefourcommontypesofdrought:

Type DescriptionMeteorological Basedonthedegreeofdryness(rainfalldeficit)andlengthofdry

periodHydrological Basedonimpactofrainfalldeficitsonwatersupplysuchasstream

flow,reservoirandlakelevelsandwatertabledeclineAgricultural Basedonimpactstoagriculturebyrainfalldeficits,soilwaterdeficits,

reducedgroundwater,andreservoirlevelsneededforirrigationSocioeconomic Basedontheimpactofdroughtconditionsonsupplyanddemandof

someeconomicgoodsDroughtseverityismeasuredusingthePalmerDroughtSeverityIndex,abbreviatedPDSI.ThePDSImeasuresdrynessbasedonrecentprecipitationandtemperaturestatistics.Droughtclassificationsareidentifiedinthechartbelow:

Measurement Description-4orless ExtremeDrought-4to-3 SevereDrought-3to-2 ModerateDrought-2to-1 MildDrought-1to-0.5 IncipientDrySpell-0.5to0.5 NearNormal0.5to1 IncipientWetSpell1to2 SlightlyWet2to3 ModeratelyWet3to4 VeryWet4ormore ExtremelyWet

Aheatwaveisaperiodofabnormallyhotandunusuallyhumidweather,typicallylastingfortwoormoredays.Thiscanbeanextendedperiodoftimewithhigherthannormaltemperaturesorashorterperiodoftimewithabnormallyhightemperatures.Regardlessofthelengthoftimeorexacttemperatures,heatwavesareasafetyhazardtoanyoneexposedtothehighheat.Peopleareatriskforheatexhaustionandheatstroke,whichcanbefatalinthemostseriouscases.Whenheatwavesareaccompaniedbydroughtconditions,thepotentialforaseriousnaturaldisasterincreases.Betweeninjuries,fatalities,andcrop/propertydamage,thesedisasterscansignificantlyimpacttheeconomyofaregion.AveragetemperaturesandrainfallforPortClinton,Ohio: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecAvg.High 31° 33° 42° 54° 66° 76° 81° 79° 73° 60° 48° 36°Avg.Low 19° 21° 29° 40° 52° 62° 67° 66° 60° 47° 37° 26°Avg.Precip. 1.63” 1.45” 2.28” 2.98” 3.33” 3.49” 3.01” 3.43” 3.03” 2.48” 2.53” 2.13”

Droughtandextremeheatarecountywidehazardsthatcanaffectallareasandjurisdictions.



HeatwavescanoccurinOttawaCountyandallofOhiobuttheyarerareandtypicallyshortinduration.Extremetemperaturesareconsideredanythingabove90degreesFahrenheit.InthehumidclimateofnorthwestOhio,thesetemperaturesareoftenaccompaniedbyhighhumidity.Temperaturesrarelyexceedthemid-90s,althoughtheregiondoesoccasionallyexperiencetemperaturesof100degreesorslightlyhigher.Thesebriefheatwavesrarelylastmorethanafewdays.Aheatwavelastinglongerthanaweekisextremelyrare.DroughtisnotcommoninOttawaCounty.Dryspellscanlastforseveralweeksbutmostmonthshavesufficientrainfalltosupportcropgrowthandhumansustenance.Droughtconditions,whentheydooccur,canhaveasignificantimpactontheagricultureindustrythroughoutthecounty.Whiledroughtisnotcommon,OttawaCountyhasbeenimpactedbyseveraldroughtsinrecentdecades.The1988-1989NorthAmericanDroughtfollowedamilderdroughtintheSoutheasternUnitedStatesandCaliforniatheyearbefore.ThisdroughtspreadfromtheMid-Atlantic,Southeast,Midwest,NorthernGreatPlains,andWesternUnitedStates.Itwaswidespread,unusuallyintense,andaccompaniedbyheatwavesthatkilledthousandsofpeopleandsubstantialnumbersoflivestocknationwide.Oneparticularreasonfortheseverityofthedroughtwasthefarmingoflandthatwasonlymarginallyarable.Anotherfactorwasthepumpingofgroundwaternearthedepletionmark.TheDroughtof1989destroyedcropsalmostnationwide.Lawnswentbrownandmanycitiesandjurisdictionsenactedwaterrestrictions.ThiscatastrophicdroughtcontinuedtoimpacttheMidwestandNorthernPlainsstatesduring1989.Thedroughtwasnotdeclaredoveruntil1990.Accordingtothecommittee,thisdroughtwasoneofthemostseveredroughtincidentsthattheycouldrecallimpactingOttawaCounty.Mostrecently,the2012NorthAmericanDroughtimpactedOttawaCountyandallofOhio.Thisincidentwasanexpansionofthe2010-2012UnitedStatesdroughtthatbeganinthespringof2012.LackofsnowfallintheUnitedStatescausedverylittlemeltwatertoabsorbintothesoil.ThedroughtincludedmostoftheUnitedStatesandallofOhio.ModeratedroughtconditionswereidentifiedinOttawaCountyandallofOhioinmid-Juneof2012.Thisdroughthasbeencomparedtosimilardroughtsinthe1930sand1950sbutdidnotlastaslong.Thedroughtcausedcatastrophiceconomicramifications.Accordingtomostmeasures,thisdroughtexceededthe1988-1989NorthAmericanDroughtinseverity,whichisthemostrecentcomparabledrought.WhilethisincidentsignificantlyimpactedmanyareasoftheMidwestandWesternUnitedStates,committeemembersdonotrecalltheeventbeingthatsevereinOttawaCounty.Accordingtothemitigationplanningteam,theincidentdidnothaveasignificantimpactonOttawaCounty.OnJuly30,2012,theGovernorofOhiosentamemorandumtotheUSDAOhioStateExecutiveDirectorrequestingprimarycountynaturaldisasterdeclarationsforeligiblecountiesduetoagriculturallossescausedbythedroughtandothernaturaldisastersduringthe2012cropyear.TheUSDAreviewedtheLossAssessmentReportsanddeterminedthatthereweresignificantenoughproductionlossesin85countiestowarrantaSecretarialdisasterdesignation.OnSeptember5,2012,OttawaCountywasincludedasoneofthedesignatedcounties.



Table2-23:Drought/ExtremeHeatHistory

HazardTotal

IncidentsTotal

PropertyLossTotal

CropLossTotalDeaths

TotalInjuries

AverageLoss/Incident

Drought/ExtremeHeat 5 0 5M 0 0 1M(Crop)2.2.4EarthquakeAnearthquakeoccurswhentwoblocksofearth,calledplates,movepastoneanotherbeneathearth’ssurface.Thelocationwheretheplatesmeetiscalledafault.Theshiftingoftheplatescausesmovementalongthefaultline.Thismovementcanoftenbefeltinareassurroundingtheearthquake’sepicenterandcancausedamagerangingfrominsignificanttodevastating.Damagecausedbyanearthquakecanincluderattlingfoundations,fallingdebris,and,inthemostseverecases,topplingbuildings,bridges,andculverts.TheseverityofearthquakemovementismeasuredusingtheModifiedMercalliIndexscaleasdefinedbelow:

Intensity Shaking Description/DamageI NotFelt Notfeltexceptbyaveryfewunderespeciallyfavorableconditions.II Weak Feltonlybyafewpersonsatrest,especiallyonbuildingupperfloors.III Weak Feltquitenoticeablybypersonsindoors,especiallyonupperfloorsof

buildings.Manypeopledonotrecognizeitasanearthquake.Standingmotorcarsmayrockslightly.Vibrationssimilartothepassingofatruck.Durationestimated.

IV Light Feltindoorsbymany,outdoorsbyfewduringtheday.Atnight,someawakened.Dishes,windows,doorsdisturbed;wallsmakecrackingsound.Sensationlikeheavytruckstrikingbuilding.Standingmotorcarsrockednoticeably.

V Moderate Feltbynearlyeveryone;manyawakened.Somedishes,windowsbroken.Unstableobjectsoverturned.Pendulumclocksmaystop.

VI Strong Feltbyall,manyfrightened.Someheavyfurnituremoved;afewinstancesoffallenplaster.Damageslight.

VII VeryStrong Damagenegligibleinbuildingsofgooddesignandconstruction;slighttomoderateinwell-builtordinarystructures;considerabledamageinpoorlybuiltorbadlydesignedstructures;somechimneysbroken.

VIII Severe Damageslightinspeciallydesignedstructures;considerabledamageinordinarysubstantialbuildingswithpartialcollapse.Damagegreatinpoorlybuiltstructures.Fallofchimneys,factorystacks,columns,monuments,andwalls.Heavyfurnitureoverturned.

IX Violent Damageconsiderableinspeciallydesignedstructures;well-designedframestructuresthrownoutofplumb.Damagegreatinsubstantialbuildings,withpartialcollapse.Buildingsshiftedofffoundations.

X Extreme Somewell-builtwoodenstructuresdestroyed;mostmasonryandframestructuresdestroyedwithfoundations.Railsbent.

AccordingtotheOhioSeismicNetwork,seismicriskinOhioisdifficulttoevaluatebecauseearthquakesareinfrequent.Therecurrenceintervalisgenerallyverylong,sometimesspanninghundredsorthousandsofyears.Anotherfactorinearthquakeriskisthenatureofthegeologic



materialsuponwhichastructureisbuilt.AccordingtotheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResources,“groundmotionfromseismicwavestendstobemagnifiedbyunconsolidatedsedimentssuchasthickdepositsofclayorsandandgravel.”Ohiohasexperiencedmorethan120earthquakessince1776.Whileonlyfourteenoftheseeventshavecauseddamage,thereisagreaterriskforearthquakesinOhiothanmostpeoplerealize.WestcentralandnortheastOhioaretheareasofOhiowiththehighestearthquakerisk.ThestrongestearthquakerecordedinOhiooccurredinShelbyCountyin1937andwasestimatedtohaveamagnitudeof5.5ontheRichterScale.ThisincidentcausedsomedamageinAnnaandsurroundingwestcentralOhiocommunities.ThesameareainOhiopreviouslyreportedearthquakeactivityin1875and1884.ThePomeroyarea,southeastofColumbus,experiencedanearthquakein1926,andresidentsinAnnafeltminorquakesin1930and1931,justafewyearspriortothe1937incident.Noneoftheseearthquakescausedwidespreaddamageordevastation.Theminorquakescausedshakingbuildings,crumblingmortar,andlimitedpropertydamage.Impactswereonlyfeltlocally;nostatewidedamageswerereported.TwominorearthquakeswithepicentersinOttawaCountyhavebeenrecorded.BothincidentsoccurredinLakeErienorthwestoftheBassIslands.ThesequakeswereveryminorontheRichterandModifiedMercalliscaleanddidnotcauseanydamage.Itisunlikelypeopleevenfeltmovement.Nootherincidentshavebeendocumented.Earthquakeisacountywidehazardandcanaffectallareasandjurisdictions.

Table2-24:EarthquakeHistoryDate Time Latitude Longitude Richter ModifiedMercalli Source

04/12/2007 22:03 41.71 -82.93 2.5 NF ODNR04/24/2007 01:09 41.75 -82.93 2.3 NF ODNR

2.2.5FloodAfloodisdefinedasanyhighflow,overflow,orinundationofwaterovertypicallydrylandthatcausesorthreatensdamage.Floodsoccursubsequenttometeorologicaleventssuchassubstantialprecipitation,thunderstormswithheavyrainfall,rapidsnowmelt,orextremewindeventsalongcoastalwaterways.Riverinefloodingoccurswhenariverorstreamrisestoanelevationthatcausestherivertooverflowitsbanks.Therisingwaterdamagesroadways,homes,buildings,andoccupiedspacesneartheoverflowingwaterway.Lowerlevelsofawatershedaremoresusceptibletothistypeoffloodingbecausethesewaterwaysreceiveallthewaterfromtheupperlevelsandareresponsibleforcarryingamuchhighervolumeofwaterthanthetributaries.Flashfloodsaretherapidandextremeflowofhighwaterintoanormallydryarea.Aflashfloodcanalsooccurwhenthereisarapidriseinthewaterlevelofastreamorcreekandthewaterrisesaboveapre-determinedfloodlevelwithinsixhoursofaprecipitationevent.Thistypeoffloodingoccurswhenthegroundistoosaturated,impervious,orflattodrainrainfall



intowaterwaysthroughstormsewers,ditches,creeks,andstreamsatthesamerateastheprecipitationfalls.Coastalfloodingistheinundationoflandareasadjacenttoalargebodyofwater,inthiscasetheGreatLakes,causedwhenlakewaterexceedsnormallevelsandspillsontothecoastline.HighlakelevelscombinedwithstrongwindsblowingoutofthenortheastontotheshoreexacerbatefloodingalongtheLakeEriecoast.LakeshorefloodingeffectsdrivewaterfromthelakebackwardsintotheriversandditchesallthewaytoOakHarbor,MuddyCreek,andthecentraltownships.Inaddition,theactuallakeshorepropertiesareflooded,causingroadstobeinaccessible,propertiestobeinundatedwithstandingwater,andstructurestobedamagedbythefloodwaters.Thisfloodingimpactsthelakeshoreaswellasbays,rivers,andotherconnectedwaterwaysaswaterispushedupstream.Whencombinedwithheavyrainfallanddrainagefromhigherupinthewatersheds,waterflowsdownthroughOttawaCountyonitswaytoLakeErie,andwaterback-flowsintotheshorelineareasascoastalfloodingtakesplace.Theconvergenceofout-flowingwaterandin-flowingfloodwatercausesadouble-floodingaffectontheseproperties.Floodsarethemostcommonandcostlydisasterworldwide,resultinginsignificantlossoflifeandpropertyeveryyear.Floodshaveasubstantialimpactontheinfrastructureofaregion.Commoneffectsincluderoadwaybreeches,bridgewashouts,roadwaywashaway,andwater-coveredroadways.Asfloodwatermovesrapidlyandforcefully,itwashesawaythesurfaceandsub-surfaceofroads,causingholes,ruts,andotherproblemsforvehicles.Floodwaterthatisjustonefootdeep,sometimeslessdependingontheforceofthewater,isstrongenoughtocarryvehiclesawaywithoccupantsinside.Rescuersarepowerlessagainstrapid,risingwaterbecausetheyareunabletoexertenoughstrengthtocounteractthephysicsofmovingwater.Floodwatersseekthepathofleastresistanceastheytraveltolowerground,seepingintoandoccupyinganystructureinitspath.Basementsandlowerlevelsofbuildingscanbecomeinundatedwithfloodwater.Placingsandbagsalongtheexteriorofabuildingisonlyatemporarystopgap;iffloodwatersdonotrecedequickly,theforceofthewaterwillmovethroughthesandbagsandinfiltratethestructure.Asfloodwatersrecede,theaftermathandcleanupprocesscanbealong,protractedactivitythatpresentsitsownsetofhazards.Floodsoftenleavesignificantdebrisonroadways,requiringextensiveresourcesandheavyequipmenttoremoveitandallowtraffictoflow.Ifthefloodeventincludesprolongedpoweroutages,therecanbeissueswithrefrigerationandsanitation.Sewersystemsthatbecomeinundatedwithfloodwaterceasetofunctionproperly.Standingfloodwaterwateralsooftenbecomescontaminatedwithhouseholdandindustrialchemicals,fuel,andothermaterialsthathaveleakedintothewater,creatingahealthhazardforresidentsandresponders.FloodingisasignificantriskforOttawaCountybecauseofthecounty’slocationbetweenLakeErieandtheSanduskyBayandlowelevation.Thecountyhasmorethan100milesofshorelinealongLakeErieandSanduskyBayandmorethan180milesalongtheriversandstreamsthat



dischargeintoLakeErie.Thecountyisrelativelyflat,withadifferenceinelevationofonly33feetbetweenthewestandeastendsofthecounty,afallofonlyonefootpermile.ThePortageRiverandToussaintCreekfloweastwardastheydrainintoLakeErie.Alongwiththeirtributaries,theseprimarywaterwayspushasignificantamountofwateracrossthelowest-elevationareasofthecounty.Whenwaterlevelsinthelakeandbayarehigh,astheyhavebeenforseveralyears,amoderatenortheastwindcanpushsubstantialamountsofwateronshore,damagingmanyoftheresidences,businesses,androadwayslocatedalongtheshore.DatafromNCDCindicatesthecountyhasbeenimpactedby21floodeventssince1950,themajorityofthemflashfloods.Collectively,theseeventshavecaused$16,515,000inpropertydamageand$6,045,000incropdamage.Fouroftheseincidentshavecausedmorethan$2Minpropertydamageeach.Becauseofthelowelevationandsignificantshorelinemiles,floodingisacountywidehazardandcanaffectalmostalljurisdictions.Alljurisdictionsareaffectedbyriverinefloodingandflashfloodinginadditionthosethatexperiencecoastalflooding.OneoftheworstfloodstoimpactOttawaCountyoccurredonJune21-22,2006whenseverethunderstormsdumpednearly10inchesofrainacrossthecounty.Thismassiverainfallcausedmajorfloodingacrossmostofthecountyastherunoffmadeitswaytocreeks,streams,rivers,SanduskyBay,andLakeErie.Hundredsofhomesweredamagedbythefloodwateranddozensofroadswereclosedbecauseofstandingwater.Approximately20%ofthecounty’ssoybeancropwasdestroyed.FlashfloodinginPortClintonwassosignificantthatthefiredepartmenthadtorescue15motoristswhobecametrappedintheirvehiclesasthewaterrose.AlongthelakeshoreinPortClinton,manyroadshad3-4feetofstandingwater.Thehospitalalsosustainedmajordamagewhenfloodwaterinfiltratedthegroundfloorofthebuilding.Intotal,thefloodcaused$8,750,000inpropertydamageandatleast$6,000,000incropdamage.AnothermajorfloodeventoccurredonApril9,1989whenstrongwindsandhighlakelevelscombinedtocausesignificantdamagealongtheshoresofPortClintonandMarblehead.Wavesmeasuring10to14feetcrashedonshore,damagingroadsandproperties.Ittookseveraldaysforthewatertodrain;whenitdid,bulldozersandheavyequipmentwerenecessarytocleartherocksanddebriscoveringmanyroadways.Atotalof10homesweredestroyedandmorethan200damagedbythefloodwater.TheroadwaysanddikesattheOttawaNationalWildlifeRefugewereheavilydamagedandrequiredextensiverepair.Intotal,thestormcaused$2,000,000inpropertydamage.ArecentmajorfloodeventinOttawaCountyoccurredinPortClintononAugust19,2011.Aslowmovinglow-pressuresystemcombinedwithnortheastwindstoproducea5-hourperiodoftorrentialrain,droppingnearly7inchesofrainonthecity.Therainfellsofastthatstormsewerswereoverwhelmedandfloodwaterquicklyinfiltratedhomesandbuildings.TheEMAestimatedthatnearly50%ofthecityexperiencedatleastminorflooding.Thehospitalwasonceagainimpactedwithankle-deepfloodwaterthroughoutthegroundfloor.InlateJune2015,aweathersystemhungovertheareaanddroppedmorethanseveninchesofrainonthearea.Atthesametime,highwindsoutofthenortheastcreatedanor’easterstormthatdrovelakewaterbackintothevulnerableareasofOttawaCounty,includingtheCityof



PortClinton,andthetownshipsofBay,Portage,Erie,Carroll,andSalem.Roadwayswereflooded,houseswereinaccessibleandbasementsandfirstfloorsflooded,andpowerwasoutforuptoaday.Whilethisstormresultedinsignificantdamageanddisruptionoflife,itdidnotmeetdeclarationthresholdsbecausemanypropertieswereprivatelyinsuredand/orthehomesthatweredamagedwereseasonal,notprimary,homes.

Table2-25:FloodHistory

HazardTotal

IncidentsTotal

PropertyLossTotal

CropLossTotalDeaths

TotalInjuries


Flood 21 $16.515M $6.045M 0 0 $786K2.2.6LandSubsidenceLandsubsidenceistheloweringoftheland-surfaceelevationfromchangesthattakeplaceunderground.Thiscanbecausedbyhumanactionssuchaspumpingsubstanceslikewater,oil,andgasfromundergroundreservoirs,collapseofundergroundmines;dissolutionoflimestoneaquifers,alsoknownassinkholes,andhydro-compactionfromtheinitialwettingofdrysoils.Thiscancausedamagetoroads,bridges,andotherinfrastructureandchangetheelevationandslopeofstreams,canals,anddrainswhenthelandbeneathcollapsesandsinks.Nationwide,themostcommoncauseoflandsubsidenceisexploitationoftheundergroundwatersupply.InOttawaCounty,landsubsidencerarelyoccursforthisreason.Instead,thecauseismuchmorelikelytobethedissolutionoflimestoneaquifersorcollapseofundergroundmines.TheeasternandwesternportionsofOttawaCountyaremostsusceptibletothishazard.Theeasterntownshipsarelocatedattheedgeofkarstterrain.Asrainwaterseepsintothewater-solublelimestoneandgypsum,fracturesform.Thesefracturesgrowandexpandovertime,increasingtheriskofcollapse.CavesontheBassIslandsandtheMarbleheadPeninsulawereformedbythiskarstactivity.Smallersinkholesarelocatedthroughouttheeasternareaofthecounty.AbandonedminesarealsoariskinpartsofOttawaCounty.Whentheareaabovetheabandonedminescollapsesorexperienceslateralandverticalmovement,theminescancavein.TheabandonedminesarelocatedinPortageTownshipandresultfromtheremovalofgypsumbylocalindustriesanddatebacktotheearly1900s.In2015,theOhioDepartmentofTransportationcompletedrepairstoStateRoute2inPortageTownshipbecauseoftheabandonedgypsumminevoidareasbeneaththeroad.Thesemineswereabandonedandunchartedareasthatwereusedbythegypsumindustryearlierinthe20thcenturyasdrywallandothergypsumproductswereproducedfromlocalsubterraneanassets.WhenStateRoute2wasrepairedandrepaved,theinitialroadwayfailedveryquickly.Theundergroundvoidswereidentifiedandthecontractorwasrequiredtore-installthehighwayafterengineeringandcompletingstructuralsupports.Thehighwayhasbeenrepairedandhasnotfailedagaininthepastyear.



ThemapbelowidentifiestheareasinOttawaCountywithundergroundmines.Theseminesarelocatedneartheareaswithlimestoneandgypsumminingoperations.Thefollowingjurisdictionsareaffectedbythishazard:AllenTownship,BentonTownship,ClayTownship,DanburyTownship,Genoa,Marblehead,andPortageTownship.

Map2-4:UndergroundMineAreas

Source:OhioDepartmentofNaturalResources2.2.7SevereThunderstormAthunderstormisalocalstormproducedbyacumulonimbuscloudaccompaniedbythunder,lightning,and/orhail.Lightningisabrief,naturallyoccurringelectricaldischargethatoccursbetweenacloudandtheground.Hailisfrozenrainpelletsthatcandamagebuildings,vehicles,andotherstructuresastheyfall.Hailformsinthehighercloudsandaccumulatessizeasitfallsasprecipitation.Iftemperaturesclosetothegroundarewarm,thehailcanpartiallymeltorbecomefreezingrain.Mostthunderstormsincludeheavyprecipitationandwind.Thesestormscanproducehail,lightning,flashfloods,tornadoes,anddamagingwindsthatposesignificantrisktopeopleandpropertyinthearea.Athunderstormthatproducesatornado,windsof58mphorgreater,and/orhailwithadiameterofatleast1”,isconsideredaseverethunderstorm.Thesestormstypicallydevelopaspartofalargerstormfrontandareprecededandfollowedbyregularthunderstorms.OttawaCountyexperiencesmanythunderstormeventseachyear.Themajorityoftheseeventsincludeheavyprecipitation,wind,andthunder.Hailandlightningarepossible,butoccurmuchlessfrequentlythanwindandheavyprecipitation.Thunderstormsthatincludehailandlightningaremuchlessfrequentbutaregenerallymoresevere.Thunderstormsareacountywidehazardandcanaffectallareasandjurisdictions.Thesestormsrangefromminortosevere,althoughthemostareminorormoderate.Thunderstormsarerelativelyfrequentbut



generallyresultinlimitedpropertydamage.AccordingtoNCDCrecordsdatingbackto1950,OttawaCountyhasexperienced297thunderstormeventsand198dayswiththunderstormevents.Ofthese,102incidentsresultedinpropertydamageand3causedcropdamage.Althoughonly70oftheseincidentsincludedhailand4includedlightningasreportedhazards,propertydamagefromthoseincidentsisgenerallyhigher.Althoughmostthunderstormsarerelativelymild,thecountyisoccasionallyimpactedbyastrongandespeciallyseverethunderstorm.OnesuchincidentoccurredonJune24,1998.Thisthunderstorm,whichcausedthemostpropertyandcropdamageofanythunderstorminthecounty,includedstrongstraight-linewindsacrossmostofthecounty.Thestrongestgustwasmeasuredat92mphinErieTownship.InPortClinton,sustainedwindsof70mphcausedtreesandpowerlinestofall,blockingmultipleroads.ResidentsinOakHarborreporteddamagetomultiplemobilehomesandbarns.Propertydamagefortheincidenttotaled$3,000,000;cropssustainednearly$1,000,000indamage.AnexceptionallystrongthunderstormaffectedOttawaCountyonJuly1,2012whenacoldandwarmfrontcollidedtoformathunderstormwithstrongdownburstwindsandlargehail.CatawbaIslandandMarbleheadwerethemostaffectedareas,withwindgustsof75mph.InDanburyTownship,morethan250treesweretoppled;fallingtreesdamagedmultiplehomes.AlloftheDanburyTownshipPoliceDepartment’scruisersweredamagedbygolfballsizedhailintheincident.Severalfieldsalsosustainedsignificantdamage.Propertydamagefortheincidenttotaled$1,350,000andcropdamagewasapproximately$50,000.

Table2-26:SummaryofSevereThunderstormHistory

HazardTotal

IncidentsTotal

PropertyLossTotal

CropLossTotalDeaths

TotalInjuries


SevereThunderstorm* 297 $7.729M $1.060M 0 8 $26KHail 70 $950K $5K 0 3 $13KLightning 4 $99K 0 0 0 $25K

*Includesallincidentswiththunderstormwind,hail,and/orlightning.2.2.8TornadoAtornadoisanintense,rotatingcolumnofairthatprotrudesfromacumulonimbuscloudintheshapeofafunnelorropewhosecirculationispresentontheground.Ifthecolumnofairdoesnottouchtheground,itisreferredtoasafunnelcloud.Thiscolumnofaircirculatesaroundanareaofintenselowpressure,almostalwaysinacounterclockwisedirection.Tornadoesusuallyrangefrom300to2,000feetwideandformaheadofadvancingcoldfronts.Theytendtomovefromsouthwesttonortheastbecausetheyaremostoftendrivenbysouthwestwinds.Atornado’slifeprogressesthroughseveralstages:dust-whirl,organizing,mature,shrinking,anddecay.Onceinthematurestage,thetornadogenerallystaysincontactwiththegroundforthedurationofitslifecycle.Whenasinglestormsystemproducesmorethanonedistinctfunnelclouds,itisreferredtoasatornadofamilyoroutbreak.



TornadomagnitudeismeasuredusingtheEnhancedFujitascale,abbreviatedasEF.TherankingsrangefromEF-0toEF-5andarebasedondamagescausedbythetornado.Priorto2012,theFujitascalewasusedtomeasuretornadodamageandwasabbreviatedF-1toF-2,dependingonthelevelofimpact.EF-Scale WindSpeed TypicalDamage

0 65–85mph Lightdamage.Peelssurfaceoffsomeroofs;somedamagetoguttersorsiding;branchesbrokenofftrees;shallow-rootedtreespushedover,

1 86–110mph Moderatedamage.Roofsseverelystripped;mobilehomesoverturnedorbadlydamaged;lossofexteriordoors;windowsandotherglassbroken.

2 111–135mph Considerabledamage.Roofstornoffwell-constructedhouses;foundationsofframehomesshifted;mobilehomescompletelydestroyed;largetreessnappedoruprooted;light-objectmissilesgenerated;carsliftedoffground

3 136–165mph Severedamage.Entirestoriesofwell-constructedhousesdestroyed;severedamagetolargebuildingssuchasshoppingmalls;trainsoverturned;treesdebarked;heavycarsliftedoffthegroundandthrown;structureswithweakfoundationsblownawaysomedistance.

4 166–200mph Devastatingdamage.Wholeframeandwell-constructedhousescompletelyleveled;carsthrownandsmallmissilesgenerated.

5 >200mph Incredibledamage.Strongframehousesleveledofffoundationsandsweptaway;automobile-sizedmissilesflythroughtheairinexcessof100meters;high-risebuildingshavesignificantstructuraldamage;incrediblephenomenawilloccur

Norating Inconceivabledamage.ShouldatornadowiththemaximumwindspeedinexcessofEF-5occur,theextentandtypesofdamagemaynotbeconceived.Anumberofmissilessuchasiceboxes,waterheaters,storagetanks,automobiles,etc.Willcreateserioussecondarydamageonstructures.

Tornadoesarethemostdamagingofallatmosphericphenomena.Whiletheirfrequencyislow,theprobabilityofsignificantdamageishigh.Becausetornadoesoccuraspartofastormsystem,theydonotstrikeasindependentincidents.Emergingoutofastormfrontorsupercell,thetornado,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyheavyrain,straight-linewind,lightning,andhail,canbeextremelydamaging.Effectsofatornadoincludeuprootedtrees,damagedordestroyedbuildings,andsmashedvehicles.Twistingandflyingdebristurnsintoprojectileweapons,whichcancauseinjuriesandfatalities.Ohioranksamongthetoptwentystatesininjuries,fatalities,andpropertydamagefromtornadoevents.WhiletornadoesdonotoccurfrequentlyinOttawaCounty,theseverityandimpactwhentheydohappencanbesubstantial.Thecountyhasexperienced11tornadoeventssince1950,accordingtoNDPCrecords,andhassufferedmorethan$41,300,000intotaldamages.ThemagnitudeofthetornadoeshasrangedfromF/EF0toF/EF3.FourincidentshavebeenmeasuredasF/EF0,threeasF/EF1,threeasF/EF2andoneasF/EF3.



InOttawaCounty,tornadoesareacountywidehazardandcanaffectallareasandjurisdictions.Themapbelowidentifiesthelocationandmagnitudeoftornadoincidentsinthecountysince1950.Theaccuracyoftheinformationonthismapwasconfirmedbytwosources:NCDCandTornadoHistoryProject.com.

Map2-5:TornadoHistory

Source:TornadoHistoryProject.comThecounty’smostdamagingtornadooccurredonJune24,1998whenanF2twistertoucheddown10mileswestofPortClintonnearDavisBesseNuclearPowerPlant.The100-yardwidetornadotraveled3.5miles,injuring13people.Windsof113-157mphdestroyed63homesandseveralbarns.Another63homesweremoderatelydamagedandhundredssustainedminordamage.Trucksandtrailerswereoverturnedandmanypowerlinesdamaged.Muchoftheaffectedareawaswithoutpowerforseveraldaysafterthestorm.AshutdownandsecondstagealertwastriggeredatDavisBessebecauseofpowerissuessurroundingtheplant.Allroadsinthecountywereclosedforabriefperiodbecauseofthewidespreaddestructionandhighnumberofdownedtreesandpowerlines.Totalpropertydamagefortheincidentexceeded$20,000,000;cropdamagewasestimatedat$5,000,000,makingthistornadothemostcostlyforthecounty.OnNovember10,2002,anotherF2tornadotoucheddowninPortClintonbeforetravelingnortheasttowardsCatawbaIsland.Thistwisteroccurredinthelatefall,welloutsideofthetypicalspringandsummertornadoseason,andcaughtmanyresidentsoffguard.ThetornadocrossedthecentralsectionofPortClinton,causingmajordamageinLakeviewParkandthesurroundingresidentialcommunity.Heavydamagealsooccurredonthesouthsectionofthecitynearthehighschoolandhospital.Intotal,4peoplewereinjured,24homesand16apartmentsweredestroyed,andanother60homessustainedmajordamage.Propertydamagefortheincidentexceeded$13,5000,000.ThewesternportionofOttawaCountywasdevastatedbyatornadoatapproximately11:30pmonJune5,2010.ThisEF3stormoriginatedinFultonCountywestofToledoandtraveledwestacrossWoodCountybeforeclippingClayCenterandAllenTownshipinthenorthwestcornerofOttawaCounty.TheworstdamagewassustainedinWoodCounty,where7peoplewerekilled



and28injuredinthestorm.WhiletherewereonlytwoinjuriesandzerofatalitiesinOttawaCounty,thestormstillcausedsignificantdamage,destroying11homesandcausingmajordamageto14more.ThestormreacheditsstrongestrotationforthebrieftimeitcrossedAllenTownshipandClayCenter,andsomereportscountthetornadoinatanEF-4instrengthatthatparticularpoint.Approximately20propertiessustainedminortomoderatedamage.Elevenhomesweredestroyedeventhoughadeclarationwasneverachieved.Mostindividualhomesthatweredestroyedwereadequatelyinsuredandthereforedidnotcontributetoadeclaration.Thetwisterstayedonthegroundformorethan2¼milesandwasmeasuredat200yardswide.OttawaCounty’stotalpropertydamageforthestormwas$2,400,000.ThecombineddamagefromOttawa,Wood,andFultonCountieswasmorethan$100,000,000,andthatincludedaschoolandapolicestationinLakeTownship,WoodCounty.

Table2-27:SummaryofTornadoHistory

HazardTotal

IncidentsTotal

PropertyLossTotal

CropLossTotalDeaths

TotalInjuries


Tornado 11 $41.3M $5.025M 0 17 $3.75M2.2.9WindstormAwindstormisaweathereventwithexceptionallystrongwindsandlittleornoprecipitation.Windspeedinthistypeofeventtypicallyreachesatleast34mphbutcanbeanyspeedthatcausesdamagetotreesandbuildings.Damagecanbecausedbygusts,whichareshortburstsofhigh-speedwind,orlongerperiodsofsustainedwind.Aderechoisaspecifictypeofwindstormthatiswidespreadandfastmoving.Thesestormscanproducedamagingstraight-linewindsoverextremelylargeareas,sometimesspanninghundredsofmileslongandmorethan100mileswide.Tobedefinedasaderecho,thestormmustproducedamageoveratleast240miles,havewindgustsofatleast58mphacrossmostofthestorm’slength,andmultiplegustsof75mphorgreater.Thedestructionproducedbyaderechocanbeverysimilartothatfromatornado.However,thedamagefromthistypeofstormgenerallyoccursinonedirectionalongastraightpath.TheflattopographyofnorthwestOhiocanbevulnerabletodamagefromhighwindsunaccompaniedbyanykindofprecipitation,makingwindstormsacountywidehazard.Allareasandjurisdictionscanbeaffectedbyseverewind.Therelativelylimitedchangeinelevationandlackofextensivewoodedcoverareaarenotadequatetoreducetheeffectsofstrongwindstorms.Althoughwindsinexcessof50milesperhourcanoccurasanindependenthazard,theygenerallyoccuraspartofalargerstormsystem.Thewindoccurswhenprecipitationandunstableairmovesintothearea.Highwindsarefrequentlyaccompaniedbyheavyrain,hail,ice,snow,orthunderstorms.InOttawaCounty,wind-onlyincidentsdonotoccurfrequentlybuttheyareoftensevere.AccordingtoNCDCrecords,49windeventshavebeenrecordedsince1950,resultingin$5,692,000inpropertydamageand$550,000incropdamage.Windstormsareacountywidehazardthatcanaffectallareasandjurisdictions.



OneofthemoredamagingwindstormsinOttawaCountyoccurredonFebruary12,2003.AnarcticcoldfrontmovedacrosstheLakeErieregion,causingwindgustsofmorethan60mph.TreesandpowerlinedweredownallalongtheLakeShore,fromOttawaCountyeasttoAshtabulaCounty.Inadditiontodownedtreesandpowerlines,severalsemiswereblownofftheroad.AcrosstheSanduskyBay,sixrailcarswereblownoffabridge.PropertydamageinOttawaCountytotaled$900,000.Acrosstheregion,damagestotaledmorethan$1,325,000.Thecounty’smostsignificantwindeventoccurredonSeptember14,2008.AstheremnantsofHurricaneIkemovedfromtheGulfofMexicotowardsthenortheast,damagingwindswerereportedacrossmuchofOhio.Peakwindgustsmeasurednearof60mph.Thestormcausedextensivedamagetotreesandutilitypoles.Massivepoweroutageswerealsoasignificantproblem.Someresidentswerewithoutpowerforseveraldays.Propertydamagerangedfrommissingshinglesandshutterstoblownoutwindows;manybuildingsacrossthecountysustainedminordamage.Becausethisincidenthappenedatapeaktimefortheagricultureindustryandbeforemostcropswereharvested,cropdamagewasextensive;reportsindicatecropdamageofatleast$500,000.Propertydamagetotaled$1,500,000,makingthisincidenttheworstwindstorminOttawaCounty’shistory.OttawaCountysustainedfarlessdamagethanmanyotherareasinOhio.Lossesstatewideexceeded$170,500,000forpropertyand$15,400,000foragriculture.AhurricanewasalsotherootcauseofanotherwindstormthatcausedsignificantdamageinOttawaCounty.OnOctober29,2012,thepost-tropicalremnantsofHurricaneSandypushedinlandtowardsPennsylvaniaandNorthernOhio.PeakwindgustsweremeasuredinOttawaCountyattheMarbleheadLighthouse(59mph)andSouthBassIsland(60mph).Strongwindscreated15-20footwavesinLakeErieandledtoa2-3footstormsurgealongthelakeshore.BeacherosionoccurredalongtheshoreaswellandsandhadtobeclearedfromEastPerryStreetinPortClintonbeforetheroadcouldbeopenedtotraffic.Hundredsoftreesweredownedbythestormandtherewerescatteredpoweroutagesacrossthearea.Propertydamagewasmostlyminorandtotaled$700,000forthecounty.

Table2-28:SummaryofWindstormHistory

HazardTotal

IncidentsTotal

PropertyLossTotal

CropLossTotalDeaths

TotalInjuries


Windstorm 49 $5.692M $550K 0 16 116K2.2.10WinterStormAwinterstormisaweathereventthatincludesseveralwinterweatherhazardsandcandevelopanytimebetweenlatefallandearlyspring.Thesestormscanincludeanycombinationofextremelycoldtemperatures,wind,snowfall,sleet,ice,orrainwithtemperatureslowenoughtoformice.Ablizzardisaspecifictypeofwinterstormcharacterizedbysustainedwindsorfrequentgustsof35mphorgreaterandfallingorblowingsnowthatreducesvisibilitytolessthan¼mile;bothoftheseconditionsmustbepresentforatleastthreehourstobeconsideredablizzard.



Thegreatestriskassociatedwithwinterstormsisthelossofutilities.Theelderlyandyoungchildrenaremostatrisk.Whenmedications,healthequipment,andfoodsuppliescannotreachdestinations,thesepopulationsendurethegreatesthardship.Winterstormsofthismagnitudearerelativelyrare.Mostwinterstormsareatemporaryinconveniencethatmakesresidentsuncomfortable.Itisextremelyrareforcasualtiestooccur,withtheexceptionoftrafficaccidentsthatresultfromdangerousroadconditions.SeverewinterweatherisariskacrossOhio.Allareasofthestatearesusceptibletowinterstormsthatbringheavysnow,highwinds,and/orice.Thesestormsrangefromshort,mildburstsofsnowandicetocoldsnapswithsignificantsnowfallthatlastseveraldays.InOttawaCounty,winterstormsareacountywidehazardandcanaffectallareasandjurisdictions.Themostcommonwinterstormsincludeacombinationofhazards,suchasiceandsnowfall.Theicebeginstoaccumulateastemperaturesfallbeforeturningtosnow,creatingalayeroficeunderthesnowfall.Sleetandicemakeroadwaysslickanddangerous,increasingthepotentialforvehicularaccidents.Roadcrewsarechallengedtoclearsnowandicefromroadwaysandmaintainsafetransportationroutesforresidents.Icestormscanoccurindependentofotherwinterweatherhazardsbutthisisnotcommon.Iftemperatureshovernearthefreezingpoint,precipitationcanfreezeandaccumulateontreesandpowerlines.Thiscanleadtopoweroutageswhenthebranchesandlinescanbreak.Extremecoldtemperaturescanoccurwithoutotheraccompanyingwinterweatherhazardsbutthisisrelativelyrare.Whenitdoesoccur,theincidentisgenerallyofashortdurationandisaninconveniencetoresidentsandbusinesses.Littlephysicaldamagegenerallyoccurstobuildingsorinfrastructure.OttawaCountytypicallyexperiencesmultiplewinterweathereventseveryyear.However,theseincidentsarerarelysevereenoughtocausepropertydamage.Thecountyhasexperienced31eventssince1950,perNCDCrecords.Collectively,theseincidentshaveinjuredfourpeopleandcaused$5,335,000inpropertydamage.Inthatsametimeframe,twosignificanticestormshaveoccurred.Whiletheseincidentsarelesscommon,theycausemoredamagethanatypicalwinterstorm.Extremecoldtemperatureincidentsarerare,withonlyfiverecordedsince1950.Noneoftheseincidentscausedanydocumentedpropertyloss.LikemanycountiesinnorthernOhio,theworstwinterstormtoimpactOttawaCountyistheBlizzardof‘78.OnJanuary26,1978,thestormbeganasrainbeforeeventuallychangingovertosnow.Extremelylowtemperaturesandsustainedwindsofupto70mphcombinedtocreateblizzardconditionsthatcausedsignificantdamageandhardshipacrossthecounty.Massivesnowdriftsmadeitimpossibleforregularsnowremovalequipmenttoclearroadways.TheNationalGuardhadtobringheavy-dutyequipmenttocleartheroads.Becauseofthis,schoolsandbusinesseswereclosedfornearlyaweek.Manypeoplesufferedfromfood,medication,andsupplyshortages,astheywerenotpreparedtobeintheirhomesforsolong.Utilityoutagesacrosstheareaalsocausedhardship.Inareaswherepowerwasout,familieswithfireplaces,wood-burningstoves,andalternateheatsourcesopenedtheirhomestoneighborsandwelcomedtravelerswhobecamestrandedonroadways.Whilethecountyhasexperiencedmanywinterstormeventssince1978,thisincidentcontinuestobethestormagainstwhichallothersaremeasured.



OttawaCountywasdevastatedbytwowinterstormincidentsinatwo-weekspanoftimeinDecemberof2004andJanuary2005.OnDecember22,2014,asnowstormcomparabletotheBlizzardof1978impactedallofnorthernOhio.Thefirststormbroughtheavysnowfall,strongwinds,anddriftsof2-3feet.Snowfalltotalsrangedfrom8-10inches.OnJanuary5,lessthantwoweekslater,aprolongedsystemoffreezingrainslowlymadeitswayacrossOhio.TheworstimpactfromthesecondstormimpactedcountiessouthofOttawa.Iceaccumulationinthelakeshorecountieswassignificantlylessthanthesoutherncounties,approximately¼inch.Thiswasenoughtocausescatteredpoweroutages.TheDavisBesseNuclearPowerPlantwastemporarilyshutdownduetodamagefromicebuildup.PropertydamagefromtheDecember22incidentwas$1,000,000;theJanuary5icestormcausedanadditional$600,000inpropertydamage.Mostrecently,OttawaCountywasaffectedbyawinterstormonFebruary1,2015.Thelow-pressuresystemaffectedmostofnorthernOhioanddropped11inchesofsnowacrossOttawaCounty.Windgustsofupto25mphcausedvisibilityissuesandblowinganddrifting,maketravelthroughoutthecountytreacherous.Schoolsandsomebusinesseswereclosedfortwodaysasroadswereclearedandoperationsreturnedtonormal.Propertydamagefromthestormtotaled$300,000.

Table2-29:SummaryofWinterStormHistory

HazardTotal

IncidentsTotal

PropertyLossTotal

CropLossTotalDeaths

TotalInjuries


WinterStorm* 29 $5.335M $0 0 2 $172KExtremeCold 5 0 0 0 0 0IceStorm 2 $1.1M 0 0 0 $550K

*Includesallincidentswithblizzardconditions,extremecold,icestorm,andwinterstorm.2.3VULNERABILITYANALYSISOttawaCountyisvulnerabletowater,wind,andtemperatureconsequencesandlocalpropertiesincursomeofthiskindofdamageeveryyear.Whilethestormsarenotgenerallydevastating,itisnotuncommonforshort-termdisruptionoflifeactivitiestooccur,andforpropertydamagethatmeetsindividualinsurancedeductiblesandmoretoresult.LakeEriecanbecomeaformidableforceagainstwhichmanyofthecommunitiesmustprotectthemselvesthroughproactiveriskmanagement,sustainablebuildingpractices,andwiseupkeep.2.3.1JurisdictionalVulnerabilityDuringtheprocessofupdatingthecounty’shazardmitigationplan,theHazardMitigationPlanningTeamassessedalldisastertypesforpossibility,probability,magnitude,andseverity.Whiletheydevelopedacountywideprioritizationforplanningpurposes,eachjurisdictionissomewhatuniqueinitsvulnerabilitytodisasters.Thecountywidemitigationstrategieswerebaseduponthevulnerabilitiesoftheentirecountyaswellasthoseassociatedwithunincorporatedareasliketownshipsandruralneighborhoods.



OttawaCountyOttawaCounty’smostseriousthreatsinvolvewater,wind,temperature,orsomecombinationofallthree.Thestateofthewater–bethatwarmwater,sleet,ice,orsnow–determinestheexactconditions,andallarepossibleatsometimeduringthecalendaryear.Whetheritisrunoffwater,backflowfromthelake,oricemeltplaysaroleinhowthesituationishandled.Howthewindinteractswiththewaterdictateswherethedifficultiesoccurandhowareasliketheshorelineareimpacted.Thespeed,direction,andoriginofthewindarecriticalfactorsinwhereitgoesandwhatdamageitcauses.ThecoastalareaofOttawaCounty,includingthepeninsulas,islands,andtownshipsormunicipalitiesalongthelakeshoreandbayaresusceptibletomoderatetosevereflooding.Naturallyoccurringswamplandandmarshesalongthelakeandbayaswellasalongthewideanddeepportionsoftheriversastheyreachthelake,areverysusceptibletosevereflooding.Theremainderofthecountyissusceptibletomoderateflooding.Thedifferencebetweenthetwoareasamountstocoastalriskduetowindsandproximitytothemajorbodiesofwater,suchasthelakeandthebayasthosebodiesreachpeakcapacityandfloodadjacentproperty.WhenheavyamountsofrainfallonthenorthernthirdofOhio,orwhensnowmeltoccursquicklyandpossiblyincombinationwithrainfall,thewaterflowstoLakeEriethroughSandusky,Seneca,Wood,andWyandotcounties.ItthenreachesOttawaCountyandragesthroughvillages,farms,andneighborhoodsasitdrainsintoLakeErie.Dependingontheairtemperature,thiswatercanbefromrainfall,snowmelt,orboth.Withaggressiveagriculturaldrainagetilingpracticesincountiestothesouth,OttawaCountyreceiveshighamountsofrunofffromalargeareaveryquickly.Icejamscanoccurwheretheriversbendandtwistorwheredebrishascollectedandinterruptstheflow.Insomeareas,theriversarewideandshallow,allowingfordebristocollect,sedimenttobuildup,androckstocreatebarriers.Sometimesthewateroverflowstheriverbankandfloodspropertiesasitsdrainageisdelayedanddiverted.Homesflood,roadwaysarecoveredinwater,bridgesandculvertscanbeunderminedanddamaged,andfieldsareuntouchablewhentheamountofwatertryingtodrainexceedsthecapacityofthewaterway.Retentionareasfill,grasslandsholdasmuchwaterastheycan,andpreservedwildlifeareasbecomewetandfloodedforaperiodoftime.Eachriveranditsdrainageareaisunique.TheSanduskyRiveronthefareasterncountylineisastraightandwideriverbed,flowingrapidlyfromFremontthroughtheeastern-mostcornerofOttawaCountyintothebroadexpanseofwatercalledtheSanduskyBay.ItisfedbytheMuddyCreektributaries,comingfromSanduskyCounty/Fremontonthesouth,intoBayandPortageTownshipsasitjoinstheSanduskyRiverandflowstothebay.ThePortageRiverroarsintoWoodville(inadjacentSanduskyCounty)beforetakingawindingandcircuitouspathwayintoElmore(OttawaCounty)whereitpicksupspeedandbecomesastraightandwidechannelthroughOakHarborandErieTownshipintothelakeatthepointofPortClinton.TheToussaintRiverwindsintothewesternsideofOttawaCountyand,oncethroughGenoaandClayCenter,widensanddeepens,reachingthelakeinCarrollTownshipasthesmallest,butcertainlynottheleastthreatening,ofthethreewaterways.



ThetributariesandfeederstreamsfortheseriversareplentifulandoftenratherlargeinOttawaCounty.ThewesternpartofOttawaCountyiswherePacker,TurtleandToussaintcreeksfeedtheToussaintRiverasitflowsoutintoLakeErieneartheDavisBesseNuclearPowerStationinCarrollTownship.Sugar,Wolfe,LaCarpe,andBayoucreeksflowtothePortageandthroughOakHarborastheybecomepartofthePortageRiver,whichfeedsintoLakeErie.IndianandNineMilecombinewiththeLittlePortageRiverandjointhePortageupstreaminLacarne,becominganeven-widerPortageRiver.Onthesouthernedge,MuddyCreekflowsoutintotheSanduskyBayasthebayformsthesouthernedgeofBay,Portage,andDanburytownships.Higherelevations,rocksubstructureandsandytorockyshorelinesformthecoastlineofBay,Portage,Danbury,andCatawbaIslandTownshipsastwopeninsulasjutoutintothelakewithnosignificantditchesorcreeksthatprovidedrainagetotheeasternsectionofOttawaCounty.Waterdrainsbygravityintothelake,movingrelativelyrapidlyoversandysoilsandrockysubstructure.Withlittledropinelevationfromonesideofthecountytoanother,riversthatflowintoLakeErieareusuallydrivenbywindsthatblowfromthesouth-southwesttothenortheast,aidinginthemovementofthewaterintothelake.Whenthosewindsturnandcomefromthenortheast,thewaterfromLakeEriereversesdirectionandflowsbackintoOttawaCountythroughthesameriversthatcarriedwateraway,backingupandfloodingtheentirecentralsectionofthecounty,thecoastalareas,andthetwolargestmunicipalities.ThelakeshorepropertiesinthecentralandeasterntownshipsandPortClintonareinundatedwithwaterfromthecoastline,causinghomestoflood,roadwaystobecomewatercovered,countywatertreatmentsystemstofail,anddailylifetobeinterrupteduntilthewindschangeandthewaterreversesdirectionagain.RoadsandstreetsalongthecoastlinecanbecoveredwithwaterandMotherNaturecanbeattheshorelinewithafervorthatbreaksupbeaches,bringsrocksanddebrisonshore,ruinsbermsandsurfacesofroadsandunderminestheentirecoastlineroadwaystructure.Anextendeddurationnor’easterstormcancauseOttawaCountyresidentsmonthsofworkrepairingandreplacingpropertyimprovements.Severerain,wind,andtemperaturehaveanegativeimpactonOttawaCounty’stouristindustry.Duringthewarmmonthswhentouristsincreasethecounty’spopulationincampgrounds,marinas,andseasonalhomes,theimpactofdisasterscanbedevastatingtopropertyownersandbusinessesthatdependontheshortsummerseasontoprovideincomeforanentireyear.Marinaswheretransientdocksallowday-tripperstolaunchtheirboats,seasonaldockshousevisitors,andcommercialdocksservefishingboatsandferriesmostcloseduringseverestormsandfloods.Onthebusiestsummerdays,itisnotuncommonfor50,000peopleormoretofrequenttheferriesandothertransportationservicesbetweenthemainlandandLakeErieIslands.Whenstormshit,thattransportationandtouristactivitystops,impactingthecounty’seconomicwell-being.Thisimpactsotherbusinessesaswell.Restaurants,mercantile,andserviceoutletslosebusinessanddocks,boats,anddockingequipmentcanbedamagedordestroyed.OttawaCountyincursagriculturaldamagesduringwaterandwindevents.Heavyrainandfloodingcausesgrainandcashcropstofail,eitherbynotallowingfarmerstoplantduringawet



spring,floodingoutyoungcropsduringcriticalgrowingstages,orpreventingharvestanddestroyingmatureplantslateinthegrowingseason.Fruitandvegetablecropsarerenderedyield-lessaftertemperatureextremes,havingfrozendelicatebudsinearlyspringordamagedactualfruitlateron.Hailandhard-hittingraincandestroythefruitsontreesandbushes,causingfarmerstothrowunusableproductawayaswaste.Graincropsinthecountyaredeprivedofanadequategrowingseasonwhenwetorcoldconditionsinterferewithplanting,growth,orharvesting.Yieldsareseverelyimpactedduetodrought,abnormaltemperatureextremes,orheavyrainfall.Highwindscanflattenwheat,oats,corn,andsoybeanstothepointthattheyneverrecoverandthereislittlegraintoharvest.Stormsinthewarmerhalfoftheyearcanbesevereontheislandsbutarelessdevastatingthanonthemainlandbecausetheislandshaveahigherinelevationthanthemainland.Whilestormsthatcauseboatandairtrafficonthelaketobesuspendedcanisolateislandresidentsandbusinessesfromresources,islanderstendtobepreparedforthissortofchallenge.Theyareawarethatlackoftransportationcancutofflifelinesforseveraldaysandpreparebystockpilingnecessities.Theislands’higherelevationsgivethemshorelinesthatarehighandrocky,protectingthemajorityofpropertiesfromdamagesfromhighwavesandflooding.Therearesmallsectionsofroadwaythatfloodonalltheislands;thisfloodingisgenerallyflashfloodingcausedbywatercominginfasterthanitcandrain.Dependingonthewinddirection,theairportandsomecriticalferrydocksandprivatemarinascanbeimmobilized.Break-wallsandotherfloodcontroldevicesdoprotectthesefacilitiesbykeepingwaterawayfromthoseareas.Someareasontheislandsarepronetoflashflooding,poweroutages,andwinddamage.WinterstormscanbeequallydevastatingforallofOttawaCountybut,exceptingdamagetopowerlines,mostoftheeffectisshort-terminterruptionofdailylifeandeconomiclossfrombusinessclosures.Winterstormsrarelylastmorethanafewdaysbutextremecoldcanlastforweeksonend.Littleactualpropertydamageoccurs,andwhatdoesisusuallyroofdamagefromsnowandice,downedtrees,orimpassableroads.Manytimes,duetolakeeffectwarming,winterprecipitationbeginsasrain,freezingrain,orice.Thiscreatesafrozen,icybasethatisthencoveredbyheavy,wetsnow.Windskickupandblowinganddriftingsnowclosesroads,icebuildupbreakspowerlines,androadsbecomeimpassable.Treelimbscrackundertheweightoficeandsnowanddebrisinroadways,andeventuallyinwaterways,isaproblem.PoweroutagescancausesignificantdamagehomesinacrossOttawaCounty.Thecounty’spopulationisnotdense;manypeopleliveinsmallruralcommunitiesandmusttraveltonearbycommunitiesforwork,school,andbasicnecessities;therefore,theinterruptionoftransportationcausessignificantdifficultyformanypeople,especiallythosewithfunctionaldisabilities.Extremelylowtemperaturescannecessitatewarmingcenters(orcoolingcenters,inthecaseofsummerstorms)tosupporttheneedsoftheveryyoungandtheveryold.Poweroutagescanalsoforceschoolsandbusinessestoclose.Servicestothoseinneedofhomehealthandothercriticalservicescansuffersignificantinterruption.WindstormswithoutprecipitationareamoderateriskforOttawaCounty.Theflatandopenterrainprovideslittletobreakupwind.Sustainedwindsandgustscancauseroofandshingle



damageandutilityinterruptions,whichcanimpactresidentsforseveraldaysfollowingtheincident.Attheendofagrowingseason,cropscanbedamagedandflattened,constitutingsignificantloss.Orchardsandvegetablecropscanbedestroyediftheyarenearharvest.Limitedtemporaryshelterforthetransientpopulationsonboats,campers,tents,andtrailerscancauseasignificanthousingproblemand,duringadisaster,mayresultininjuriesordeathifaffectedpopulationscannotfindshelter.Recreationalvehicles,mobilehomes,seasonalhomes,andtentscanincurheavydamagesduetohighwindevents.TornadosareamoderaterisktoOttawaCounty.MosttornadosthatdevelopinOhioareEF-0orEF-1instrengthalthoughthetornadothathitAllenTownshipin2010wascategorizedasanEF-4.Becausesignificantportionsofthecountyarenotdenselypopulated,thedamagefromafunnelcloudthattouchesdownisoftenverylowbecauseitstrikesfieldsandnaturalhabitatinsteadofhousingdevelopmentsorbusinessdistricts.Damagetocropsisusuallyminimal,althoughwhencropsaremature,damagetoyieldscanbeheavy.Treesarefrequentlyuprootedandroofsdamaged.TherearesomesubterraneanminesthathavebeenabandonedintheGypsumareaeastofPortClinton.Thisareaposesadangertoroadways,especiallyStateRoute2thatfollowsthelakeshoreacrosstheThomasEdisonBayBridgeandintoErieCounty.Sectionsofthatroadhaverecentlybeenreplacedandtheabandonedminescausedsomeoftheprojecttoberebuilt.OttawaCountyisnotespeciallyvulnerabletoseveredrought,extremeheat,ordamfailure.Whilethesehazardshavesomelimitedpotentialtooccur,theyareveryrare.Coldandhotspellscanoccur,lastingafewdayseachyearbuttheconsequencesarenotsignificant.TherearenosignificantdamsinOttawaCounty,buttherearebreakwallsandfloodwallsthatrequiremaintenanceandarecriticaltoprotectingthelakeshore.OttawaCountydoesnothavehistoryof,noristheremuchexpressedconcern,overearthquakerisk.Whilethedigitalprojectionsofearthquakedamagearehorrendousassumingaworst-casescenario,thelikelihoodofasevereearthquakeislowenoughthatnotmuchconcernisexpressed.Therearesomemulti-storybuildingsbutveryfewaregreaterthanfourstories.WestTownships–Allen,Benton,ClayandHarrisThewesternthirdofOttawaCountyconsistsofveryflatterrain,makingdrainageahugeissue.LocatedatthebottomofthePortage,Sandusky,andToussaintRiverwatersheds,theareareceivesahugeamountofrunoffwaterfromcountiesfurtherupthewatershed,andreceivesthiswaterquicklyandrapidly.Therefore,floodingisamoderatetosevererisk.Thesoilinthisareaisheavyclaythatdoesnotdrainwellalongwithsomelightersoilsthatdrainmorequickly.TheareawaspartoftheBlackSwamp;throughman-madedrainage,itcouldbefarmedandoccupiedbutdoesnotdrainwell.Waterwaysandlow-lyingfieldsflood,roadwaysbecomecoveredwithwater,andhomesthathavebeenelevatedaresurroundedbywater.Infrastructureisatriskwhensomuchfloodingoccurs,eitherasriverineorflash



flooding.Somehomesfloodrepeatedly,asdosomebusinesses,andrequireelevationorotherpreventiveactionstokeepthewateroutoflivingquarters.Somehousesarerepetitivelossstructuresandcouldbemitigated.Roadwayscouldbeelevatedandwaterretentionstructuresconstructed.Retentionanddetentionofwaterinsomeareascouldhelpkeepareasfreeofflooding.Erosionisanoutcomeofhighwindsinthisflatareawheretreeshavebeenlongcutdownandfencerowsremovedtomakemorelandtillable.Whenwindskickup,thereislittletobreakthemupand,withoutsodstripsandtreelinestoprotectthesoils,erosionisahighrisk.Severestormsplacethisentireflatandopenareaatsignificantrisk.Stormsmoveacrosstheentirearea,developingfunnelcloudsthatincreaseinstrengthandspawnsisterfunnelseveryyear.Duetolowpopulationandlackofdensity,tornadoeshavealimitedhistoryofdamagebutthereisagameofchancethatgoesonconstantlythatinvolvesexactlywhereafunneltouchesdownandwhatitdestroys.Straight-linewindsstrikethisareaeveryyearandconstituteamoderaterisk.Barnsaredamaged,roofsaretornoff,andotherstructuresaredismantled.Hail,ice,andwinterstormsarealsoamoderaterisk.Withlittletoprotectpowerlinesandmuchtodamagethem,thewholeareaismoderatelyvulnerabletopoweroutages.Mostlinesinnewresidentialdevelopmentsareburiedbutoverheadlinespowerthefarmsteadsandolderhomes.CentralTownships–Bay,Carroll,ErieandSalemThesetownshipsliveinfearofthe“lakemeetsthebay”scenario.Thesoilsareheavyandpoorlydrained,waterwaysaremanyandwinding,roadsandhomesareclosetobodiesofwaterorwaterwaysandtheriskofmanykindsoffloodingishigh.Highwindsoutofthenortheastcancombinewithheavydownpourstoforcewaterbackintotheriversystemduringanor’easterstorm,givingthisentireareaadouble-whammyofwaterandwind.Asthewatertriestodrain,itispushedbackbythewindandistrappedinthisareauntilconditionschange.Thesetownshipsarepronetoregularriverineflooding,flashfloodingandcoastalflooding.Thecentraltownshipsarealsovulnerabletohighwinds,bethoserotatingorstraight-line.Thetopographyisflatandlow,lendingitselftoroofandbuildingdamage,erosionoftopsoils,andpoweroutages.Theriskofhighwindhappensregularlyinthisarea.Onlybecausetheareaisnotdenselypopulateddoesthatriskgetratedatamoderatelevel.EastTownships–CatawbaIsland,Danbury,andPortage*Note:Put-in-BayTownshipisincludedwiththeVillageofPut-in-BayandtheLakeErieIslandsThisareaofOttawaCountyisquitedifferentfromtheothertownships.Theareahasahigherelevationwithrockyledgeshorelinesthatprotectthepropertiesfromsuchsevereflooding.ThereareveryfewwaterwaysrunningthroughthissectionofthecountyandtheareadrainsgravitationallyintoLakeErieandtheSanduskyBay.Thesetownshipsformapeninsula;the



narrowandlongconfigurationmakesanygivenplotoflandfairlyclosetothelakeorbay,andthereforefairlyeasilydrained.Creeksandditchesdon’tfloodbecausetherearen’tmany.Someroadwayshavebeenelevatedevenmore,andvulnerabilityislimitedtowindanddrainagedamagesalongtheberms,bridgesandculverts.Becausethesubstructureisrock,retentionanddetentionofrainfallisimportanttoavoidflashflooding.Coastalfloodingslamstheshorelineswithwaveaction,whichcandamageproperties.Theriskofriverineorcoastalflooddamageislowtomoderate;theriskofflashfloodingismoderate.Winddamageisalsoamoderaterisk.Theriskofpoweroutagesismoderatebecausethelinesareexposedtohighwindandsometimesbrutalwaveaction.ClayCenterThesmallvillageofClayCenterisvulnerabletofloodingfromboththeNorthBranchTurtleCreekandtheSouthBranchTurtleCreek.Likeothervillagesinthearea,rapidrunofffromupthewatershedinheavilyfarmedproductionacreageandheavyrainfallonflatterrainthatdrainsslowlycanputthevillageresidencesandbusinessesatriskofriverineandflashflooding.Withlittlestormsewercapacity,thevillageisdependentuponnaturalgradientchangestodrainwater,andthatdoesnotalwayscarrythewaterawayquicklyenough.Thevillagesitsoutintheopenwithlittleprotectionofanykind.Thatcreateswindvulnerabilityintheformofdamagestostructures,susceptibilitytotornadoandstraight-linewinddamage,andblizzardandicestormdamage.Manyhomeslackbasements,whichcreatesavulnerabilityduetolackofadequateshelteringduringhighwindevents,poweroutages,orextendedwinterstorms.Thelowpopulationofthevillageplacesrestorationofutilityservicelowontheprioritylistforutilityproviders,forcingresidentstoendureextendedoutagesduringsevereincidents.ElmoreElmore,locatedinthesouthwestcornerofOttawaCounty,isvulnerabletomoderatefloodingasSugarCreekflowsalongthesouthernboundaryofthevillage.Heavyorrapidrainfallorextensiverunoffcancausefloodinginpublicareas,golfcourses,andprivateproperties.ThePortageRiveronthenorthernbordercanfloodproperties,butthewindingnatureoftheriverasitapproachesElmoreslowsthespeedoftheflowingwaterandgenerallyhelpspreventarapidonslaughtintothevillage.Low-lyingpropertiescanbeaffected,however,whenrainfallisrapidorextensive,orifrunoffflowingthroughthePortageandSugarCreekfromfarmlandsupthewatershedinundatesthearea.Duetothewindingcharacteristicsofthesewaterways,thevillageisespeciallyvulnerabletofloodingcausedbythebuildupofdebris,sediment,andicejams.Whenfilledwithdebris,thewaterisunabletogetawayandfloodingismoresevere.FloodingismostsevereinElmorewhenrainfallhasbeenconstantoverseveraldaysorextremelyheavy,anddrainagefromseveralcountiestothesouthaccumulatesanddumpshugeamountsofrunofffromwell-tiledfarmfieldsontothearea.Sittingatthenear-bottomofthewatershed,Elmorereceivesrunofffromseveralagriculturallydominantareas.TherunoffroarsintoareastothesouthandmovesontoElmorethroughawindingsectionofwaterway.



FlashfloodingisalsoariskforElmoreduringheavy-precipitationevents.Homescanflood,includingbasementsandinextremecases,somewatermaybuilduparoundfoundationsoronfirstfloorsofslabconstructedbuildings.Bridgesandculvertsonsecondaryroadsaresusceptibletofloodinganderosionaswatersmoverapidlythroughtheareaonthewaytothelake.Soilserodeaway,andthesub-structureofbridges,culvertsandroadscanbedamagedbythewaters.Elmoreisvulnerabletowindandtornadodamage.Thevillageliesinanareaofveryflattopographyandthereislittleprotectionfromthewhippingwindsthatcomeacrossthefields.Whenhighwindscombinewithiceorheavyrain,structuresareopenlyexposedtotheenvironmentanddamageoccurs.Duetoexposure,therecanbehaildamage,lightningstrikes,andicebuild-upthatdamagesbuildingsandinfrastructure.Manyhomesandbusinessesdonothavebasementsandhighwindeventsandtornadoesplaceresidentsatriskwithnowheretogoforsafeshelter.WinterstormscanisolateElmorefromsupportsystemsandservicesandiceandwindcandamagepowerandutilitydistributionlines.Thereislittletoprotecttheroadwaysfromdriftingorblowingsnowandnothingstandsbetweentheutilitiesandthewrathofnature.Duetothevillage’ssmallpopulation,restorationofutilitiescantakesometime,exposingtheresidentstoextendedlackofservices.GenoaGenoaliesinthewesternpartofOttawaCountyamidflatterrainandrichfarmland.FloodingisoneofGenoa’smostsignificantrisks.ThewideandmightyPackerCreekrunsthroughthevillageasthousandsofacresoffarmlanddrainintoitafterstorms.Asaresult,floodingoccursinresidentialareasonthewestandsouthsideofthevillage.Becausetheflatproductionlandsareaggressivelytiledandrainfallrunsoffrapidly,therunoffwatersoftenendupinbasements,livingquarters,andcommercialbuildings.AsPackerCreekwindsthroughtown,theadjacentstreetsfrequentlyfloodwhenthecreekbankisbreachedandwhendrainageisinsufficienttocarrythewaterawayasfastasitarrives.Thelackoffadequateandfunctionalstormsewersinpartsofthevillagemakesthisfloodingworseastheonlydrainageoptionisthenaturalfalloftheland.Thecreekflowsthroughpartofthebusiestsectionofthevillage,interruptingcommerceandcuttingthevillageintwosectionsthatinaccessibletooneanotheruntilthewatersubsides.Someresidentialandcommercialpropertiesfloodrepeatedlyandownersarerequiredtorepairrepeatedlytomaintainthestructures.Genoaissusceptibletoriverineandflashfloodingaswellasstormsewerbackupinareaswheretheinfrastructureisinadequateorantiquated.Genoaisuniqueinthatthemostrecentfloodmapshaveplacedpropertiesinsidefloodplainsthatlocalresidentsdonotconsiderfloodrisks.Someofthesepropertiesaccumulatefloodwaterinyardsbutnotinsidethestructure;othershavenotfloodedatanytimethatlong-standingresidentscanremember.Localofficialssuspectthatabandonmentofsomestormsewersthatthevillagehasnotbeenfinanciallyabletoreplaceandchangesindrainagehigher



upinthewatershedarecontributingfactors.Residentsandbusinessownershavechallengedthestatusofsomepropertiesandcontinuetodisagreewithmappingoutcomes.WaterwaysinGenoaaresusceptibletodebrisandjams,impedingtheflowofwaterawayfromthevillage.Theflatterrainandwindingnatureofthecreeksallowsfortreesandotherdebristoaccumulateandsoilsallowforsedimentation.Thesebothfacilitatevulnerabilitytoflooddamagesandpoordrainageafterheavyprecipitation.AlthoughOttawaCountydoeshaveaditchmaintenanceprogram,PackerCreekisnotincluded;theToussaintCreekthatflowstothesouthofthevillageisonthecountyditchmaintenanceplanandresidentsrecognizethedifferenceinhowwellthatwaterwayflows.Genoasitsoutintheopen,susceptibletowindandtornadodamage.Therearevirtuallynohillsorvalleysintheareatoprotectstructuresfromthefullforceofthewindasitblowsacrosstheflatandopenterrain.Thesoilsarefertileandproductivefarmlandsand,aspartoftheformerBlackSwamp,consistofsoilsthaterodethroughwaterandwind.Residentialandcommercialpropertiessufferpoweroutagesandstructuraldamagesduringhighwinds,icestorms,blizzardsandotherseverestorms.Manybuildingsareconstructedoncrawlspacesorconcreteslabswithnosub-surfaceareaorbasementforstormshelter.Residentsarevulnerabletotornadoandstraight-linewindcasualty.MarbleheadThevillageofMarbleheadisexposedtothelakeonthreesidesandispronetodamagefromseverewindandheavyprecipitation.Therearenoditchesthatcarrywaterawayfromthevillage.Stormwaterdrainageisprimarilygravitationalandthroughthestormsewersystemthatneedsimprovementandmorecapacity.Marbleheadisvulnerabletonotonlyrainfall,butalsothelakewaterblowingandblastingtheshoreline,erodingawaywhatbeachthereisandeatingawayattherockledges,breakwallsandotherman-madestructuresbuilttoprotecttheshoreline.Whilemanyproperties,mostofsignificantdollarvalueduetotheirproximitytothelake,sithighonthepeninsulathatjutsoutintothelake,theyarevulnerabletodamagefromharshslappingoffiercelakewaterontheirsurfacesandroofs.ThesestructuresliterallytakeabeatingfromMotherNaturewhenstormshit.Marbleheadisatouristdestinationandmustengageinwisedevelopmentpractices,includingretentionanddetentionstructures,elevation,bufferzones,andotherwatercontrolmeasures,toprotectandpreserveitspropertiesandeconomy.Theshorelineisprotectedbynaturalhabitat,floodwalls,andotherstructurallyengineeredmeasures.Theroadwaysthatfollowtheshorelineareexceptionallyvulnerabletoerosionanddeteriorationfromtheconstantexposuretorapidlyandfiercelymovingwaterthaterodesawaythebermsandculvertseverytimeastormhits.Marbleheadresidentsandvisitorsarevulnerabletotornadoandhighwindeventsbecausetherearefarmorepeoplethanshelters.Manyhomesdonothavebasementsandthesummer



monthsbringrecreationalvehiclesandcampersaswellasmulti-occupanthotelandcabinpopulations.Poweroutagesarenotuncommonasthevillage’sutilityinfrastructureisfullyexposedtothewrathofLakeErieandthewindsthathavebecomealltoocommon.Thetransienttouristpopulationispronetoglitchesandgapsinwarningandnotificationand,becausetheyarenotalwaysfamiliarwiththesignsMotherNaturesendsbeforestorms,manydonotalwaysheedthecommon-sensewarningsperceivedbythelocalresidents.Johnson’sIslandandBayPointarepartofMarbleheadandincurthesamerisks.BothareasjutoutintotheSanduskyBayonthesouthsideofMarblehead.BayPointconsistsofmanycondominiumsandhomes;Johnson’sIslandisinhabitedbyapproximatelyfiftyfull-timeresidents.TherisksarethesameastheVillageofMarblehead,withanemphasisplaceduponwindandblowingwaterhazards.OakHarborOakHarborsitsonthebanksofthePortageRiverasitwidensanddeepensonitswaytoLakeErie.Thevillageisvulnerabletoflashandriverineflooding,aswellasstormsewerbackupduringheavyprecipitation.AsthePortageRiverwidensinsidethevillage,itscapacitygrowsbutisstillinadequateinsomelow-lyingandvulnerablelocations,suchasthewastewatertreatmentplantandseveralbusinessesinthedowntownthatlayadjacenttotheriver’sedge.Floodwallsandretentionareasalongtheriverareinadequatefortherunoffthatdumpsintothatsectionoftheriver.Insomecases,runoffwaterfromfarnorthofthevillageflowsthroughLaCarpeCreekanditsbranchestooverflowthecity’swastewatercapacity,causingfloodinginthelowlyingareasnearby.Somepropertiesfloodonarepetitivebasis,makingitachallengeforpropertyownerstoreplaceandrepairtheirhomestimeandtimeagain.Thevillagemaintainsandenforcesfloodmappingtoreducethevulnerabilitytofloodingbutisnotpartoftheotherwisecountywideresidentialbuildingcodeenforcement.Theydoparticipateinwatershedandconservancyeffortstoreducethevulnerabilitytoflooding.OakHarborisvulnerabletowindandtornadodamagebecauseit,liketherestofwesternOttawaCounty,sitsoutintheopeninessentiallyflatandeventerrain.Thepresenceofmanyolddeciduousandevergreentreesmakesthevillagesusceptibletodebrisissuesfromhighwinds,icebuildup,andtornadoes.Thelackofbasementsorothersheltersputssomeresidentsatriskinthoseeventsbecausetheyhavenosafeshelter.SoiltypesinandaroundOakHarboraresimilartotherestofOttawaCounty,andthereforefacilitatesedimentationanderosion.Thewideningriveralsoincreasesspeed,takingwithitsoilandsedimentasitreachestowardLakeErie.Riverbanks,lowlyingnaturalhabitat,andresidentialareasalongwaterwaysaresusceptibletounstablebanksanderodingsubstructures.Theriverbankinthebusinessdistrictinthevillageissusceptibletoerosioneventhoughithasbeenlinedwithstoneandriprapforstabilizationandprotection.



PortClintonAstheonlycityinOttawaCounty,PortClintonhasthehighestandmostvulnerablepopulationinthecounty.PortClintonsitsatthemouthofthePortageRiverasitflowsintoLakeErie,creatinganaturalharborastheshorelinedipsbetweenthepeninsulaofCatawbaIslandandErieTownship.ThePortageRiveriswideanddeepasitjoinsthelake,anditsbanksarepepperedwithmarinas,personalresidenceswithdocks,andshorelineattractionsandbusinesses.TheshorelinestretchesfromoneendofPortClintontotheother,characterizedbybeaches,marshes,androckyledges.Thebeachareasareexceptionallysusceptibletoerosionandsedimentationandcanbewashedawayinhighwindandwater,partiallydependentuponthelakelevelsatthetime.Thebeachescanalsoturnintomuddywastelandifhighwindsdepositlakesedimentonthem.Therockyledgescanbedestroyedaswavescrashontoshoreandriptherocksfromthesandandtakethemoutintothelake,erodingthesandbasesaway.Themarshareaswithstandsignificantwaveactionandprotecttheadjacentlandfromerosionbutthenastiestnor’eastercandestroyeventhecattailsandmarshgrassesthatprovidenaturalprotection.Notfarfromthecity’ssouthsideistheSanduskyBay.AstheSanduskyRiverrunsnorthoutofSanduskyCountyandthroughBayandPortageTownships,thecityboundaryislessthanhalfamilefromthemostdistantshoreofthebay.Insomeresidentialareas,thebayissimplyfeetfromthecity.Thisplacesoneverylargeandpowerfulbodyofwater,LakeErie,onthenorthsideofthecity,andanotherlargeandpowerfulbody,SanduskyBay,onthesouth.Shouldastorm-of-all-stormsinvolvenortheastwindsandextremelyheavyprecipitation,thebaycouldmeetthelakeandturnintotheworstnightmareOttawaCountycanimagine.CatastrophiccoastalfloodingandwaterdamagecoulddestroyjustabouteverythinginandaroundPortClinton.Thelesscatastrophicversionofthatscenario,andonethatoccursregularly,isseveralinchesofrainoverashortperiodoftimewithwindsfromthenorthornortheastthatcausescoastalflooding.Onoccasion,thefrozenlakewaterwillaccumulatenearshoreandheavyrainscanexaggeratetheeffectsofshorelineice,backingupintobridgesandculvertsandgrabbingtreesandotherdebris.Thiswaterpreventsdrainagefromtherivers,streams,andcreeksfrommovingoutintothelake,andcausesshorelinefloodinginhomes,businesses,andpublicattractions.FloodriskinPortClintonalsoincludesflashflooding.Whenrainfallsheavyandfast,thestormsewershaveadifficulttimekeepingup.Eventhoughanaggressivestreetimprovementplanhasbeenexecutedoverthepastdecade,someareasarestilllow-lyingorlocatedwherestormsewerssimplycannotmovetherainfallawayfastenough.WinddamageisnounfamiliarrisktoresidentsofPortClinton.Thecityhashistoryoftornadoactivitywithnumerousstormshittingthecityinthepast.Whetherwindisrotationalorstraightline,damagesaregenerallymoderateandinvolvedamagedroofsandsiding,downed



trees,andruinedoutbuildings.Windsometimesinvolveshailandicebecausethechangingseasonsnearthelakeshoreofteninvolverapidlychangingtemperaturescomplicatedbytheeffectofthelake.Somepropertiesthathaveexperiencedsignificantlossmorethanonce;elevationorothermitigationmeasureswouldpreventrepeatdamages.WindandiceputPortClinton’sutilityservicesatriskforoutages.Whilelinesareburiedfornewconstruction,someofthepowerlinesareabovegroundandpronetohangingiceandbreakageunderstressfromwindsoffthelake.Whilepoweroutagesarenotextremelyfrequent,theydooccur.Treelimbscoverediniceorbrokenfromhighwindsincreasetherisk,andrequirecontinualmaintenanceorremovaltoavoidexacerbatingtherisk.ManyhomesinPortClintonarebuiltoncrawlspacesorconcreteslabs.Thewatertableisshallowandlimestoneandgypsumarecloseunderthesurface.Basementstendtofloodeasilynearthelakeasthewatertablebacksup;therefore,manyhomesarebuiltwithoutbasements.Asaresult,residentsdonothaveshelterfromtornadoesandtheriskofcasualtyisgreaterthanwouldgenerallybeexpected.ThestreetsinPortClintonarelow-lyingandthehomesandalleywaysarebuiltonhigherground.Whenflashfloodingoccurs,manyofthestreetsareseverelyimpacted.Somepathsoftravelcanbedevelopedacrosstownthroughcreativeuseofthealleyswhenthisfloodingoccurs,butitisinconsistentlyfeasible,doesnotworkforlarge,commercial,oremergencyvehicles,andthealleysarenarrowandcoveredbytreebranchesandlimbs.Thelow-lyingstreetsmaketravelduringstormsdifficult.Thesestreetsalsoholdwaterthatthenoversaturatestheresidentialandcommercialyardsandseepsintobasements,creatingdamagetohomesandbusinessesthatcouldbeprevented.Put-in-Bay(includingSouth,MiddleandNorthBassIslandsandPut-in-BayTownship)TheVillageofPut-in-Bayisuniquelyvulnerabletoavarietyofrisks.Theseconsiderationschangewiththeseason–isitthetimeofyearwhentouristsovertaketheislandsorisitthemiddleofthewinterwhenonlythemost-hardyfull-timeresidentsarestillthere?Thepopulationcharacteristicsdon’tchangetheactualthreats,butitchangeshowandtowhatdegreetheislandcommunityneedstorespond.Put-in-BayandSouthBassIslandisvulnerabletoflashfloodingwhenraincomesheavy,hard,andfast.Thestreetsfloodandpropertiesbecomeisolated.However,mostofthetimethewaterdrainsquickly,eliminatingtherapidlydevelopedpondsandfloodedstreets.Inlongerlastingheavyrainfall,roadwayscanbecoveredandinaccessibleduetolakewaterinundation;theairportrunwaysandairstripscanbecoveredwithwaterandaircraftareunabletolandortakeoff.Rapidlydrainingrunoffcanerodeawaybermstoroadways,shorelines,andareaswherefruitsandvegetablesareraised.Homescansuffersomebasementfloodingbut,duetotherockysoil,mosthomesdonothavebasements.Manymodularhomesandcabinsarelesssturdythantypicalhousesandaremorevulnerabletowaterandwinddamagesimplybecausetheyarenotbuiltassolidlyasotherstructures.Somesitonconcreteslabs,aremodularunits,



orlackthestrongfoundationandsupportthatstandardconstructionwouldprovide.Somepropertiesfloodrepeatedly,causingownerstorepairandrefurbishthemonaregularbasis.ThedocksandairstripsonMiddleandNorthBassIslandsareeasilycoveredinwaterduringstorms,makingtheentireislandinaccessible.Thedockscanbecoveredinwaterandunusable,furtherisolatingthesesmallbodiesofland.MiddleBassIsland’ssewagetreatmentplantatBurgundyBayisalsosusceptibletoflooding,whichcanrenderitnonfunctionalWindcanadverselyaffecttheportsonanyoftheBassislands,dependingonwherethedockslayinrelationtothewinddirection.Watercanbeblownupontothedockingareasandmaketheminaccessibletoboats.Atthesametime,windcanblowwateracrosslandingstripsattheairportsoricecanformontherunwaysduringcoldweather,makingitimpossibleforaircrafttolandortakeoff.Sometimesthedocksandrunwayslaytoolowtoavoidbeingconsumedbywater,debris,anderosion.Theislandssufferfromisolationand,therefore,lackofaccesstogoodsandservices.Ferryservicesbringpeopleandgoodsbackandforthonadailybasisuntilthelakefreezes.Whenfrozenover,theislandershaveonlytheairlinesonwhichtodependforlifelinesandservices.Ifpre-seasonpropanesuppliesareusedfasterthananticipatedandsuppliesrunlow,theislandresidentsmustconserveandmake-dobecausetherearefewoptionstodeliveradditionalproducttotheminthefreezingwintermonths.Shelteringfromstormsisproblematicinthesummer.Alargenumber,perhapsashighas35,000oftouristscometotheislandonabeautifulsummerday.Thesevisitorsmaystayinrentedcabins,hotelrooms,campgrounds,ortents.Theymaybeday-tripperswhostaylessthan24hours,usingtheferryservicetotravelbacktothemainlandwithoutstayingovernight.Theyarriveonferryboats,individuallyownedwatercraft,airplanes,andoncommercialaircraftbutthereisnosingle“gateway”totheislands.Atnogiventimecanadefinitivecountbeestablishedforhowmanypersonsarepresentonanyoftheislands.Thatresultsinahugeneedforshelteringcapacity,warningandnotificationmethods,andprotectiveactions.WhileMiddleandNorthBassIslandshavesimilarrisks,theyhavefewervisitorsandfulltimeresidents.TherisksarethesameasSouthBassIsland.Green,Rattlesnake,Sugar,andBallastIslandssurroundingtheBassIslandsareuninhabitedorareprivateproperty.Theyhavenoairportsorferryserviceanddonotpromotethemselvestoseasonalvisitors.MouseIslandisoffthetipofCatawbaIslandTownshipandisunoccupied.RockyRidgeRockyRidge,locatednorthwestofOakHarborinBentonTownship,sitshighuponaridgeofrock,limitingitssusceptibilitytofloodingtospecificpropertiesthatarelow-lyingofftheridge.ThevillagehasnotparticipatedinNFIPprogramsbecausefloodinghaspreviouslybeeninsignificantandbrief.However,moreseverestormswithheavierprecipitationhaveaffectedseveralhomesinthelow-lyingareasandafewhaveenduredrepeatedflooddamages.Some



ofthefloodingisduetodebrisblockagesinditches,whichpreventstherapidflowofwaterawayfromthevillage.Exceptinafewinstances,residentshavebeenabletousesandbagsandhand-dugdrainstocarrywaterawayfromfoundations.Heavierrainfallsandmorefrequentstormsmakesthatdifficulttoday.Residentsofthissmallcommunityhavefrequentlyfeltthreatenedbytornadoesandseverewindstorms.Withfewwoodedareasandfencerowsexistingtoday,thevillageisoutintheopenandprimeforthewrathofanyeventinvolvinghighwind,ice,lightning,orhail.Manyhomesdonothavebasementsduetotherockysubstructureandshelterisanissue.Thevillageissusceptibletopoweroutagesduetodownedlinesandiceastheseseverethunderstormsandblizzardstakeastraighthitonthistinyvillage.Thetreesthatprovideshadeinsummermonthsprovideathreatduringhighwinds,andthevillagefrequentlyisforcedtocleanuplimbsanddownedtreesafterweatherevents.Locatedinflatterrainandhavingsandysoils,RockyRidgepropertiesarepronetoerosionfromhighwindsandfromrapidlydrainingrunoff.Locatedontopofaridge,theforceofgravityisstrong.Whenaidedbywinds,therunofftakeswithittopsoilandfertiledirtunlesscovercropsandgrassstripsinterruptthaterosiveforce.2.3.2FloodplainMappingandtheNationalFloodInsuranceProgramOttawaCountybegantheirfloodplainmodernizationwithODNRinFiscalYear2005.ThisprocessbeganwithascopingmeetingheldonAugust3,2005andculminatedwiththerevisedmapsbeingformallyadoptedbythecountyonMay18,2015.Table2-30providesNationalFloodInsuranceProgramstatusforcommunitiesinOttawaCountyfromtheFEMACommunityStatusBookReportforOhio.

Table2-30:NationalFloodInsuranceProgramParticipation

CommunityInitFHBMIdentified

InitFIRMIdentified

CurrEFFMapDate

Reg-EmerDate

DoesNotParticipate

OttawaCounty - 10/17/1978 05/18/2015 10/17/1978 ClayCenter - 06/20/1980 05/18/2015(M) 06/20/1980 Elmore 10/18/1974 04/01/1982 05/18/2015 04/01/1982 Genoa 07/18/1975 05/03/1982 05/18/2015 05/03/1982 Marblehead 04/18/1975 02/01/1984 05/18/2015 02/01/1984 OakHarbor 03/01/1974 04/01/1982 05/18/2015 04/01/1982 PortClinton 02/08/1974 09/30/1977 05/18/2015 09/30/1977 Put-in-Bay 10/26/1973 09/30/1977 05/18/2015 09/30/1977 RockyRidge X

2.3.3FederalDisasterDeclarationsOttawaCountyhasbeenincludedin10federaldisasterandemergencydeclarations.Table2-31identifiestheseincidents.



Table2-31:FederalDisasterDeclarationHistoryDR/EMNumber DeclarationDate IncidentType

DR-90-OH January23,1959 FloodDR-266-OH July15,1969 Flood,SevereStorm,TornadoDR-377-OH April27,1973 Flood,SevereStormDR-362-OH November24,1973 Flood,SevereStormDR-436-OH May31,1974 Flood,SevereStormEM-3055-OH January26,1978 WinterStormDR-951-OH August4,1992 Flood,SevereStorm,TornadoDR-1227-OH June30,1998 Flood,SevereStorm,TornadoDR-1444-OH November18,2002 Flood,SevereStorm,Tornado,WindEM-3250-OH September13,2005 HurricaneKatrinaEvacuation

OttawaCountydoesnothavealonghistoryoffederaldisasterdeclarationsandfinancialassistance.WhiletheStateofOhiohasalongercomprehensivelistofincidentsthandisplayed,OttawaCountyescapeddamagesinmanyoftheincidentsthathaveimpactedOhioovertheyears.Thecountywasmostrecentlyincludedina2005statewidedeclarationthatprovidedassistanceforHurricaneKatrinaevacuation.

2.3.4RepetitiveandSevereRepetitiveLossStructuresAcrossOttawaCounty,dozensofstructuresexperiencerepetitivefloodloss.Table2-32liststhesestructuresthathavebeenidentifiedthroughlossclaims.Inofficialrecords,thestructureslistedasCarrollTownshipareidentifiedasbeingintheVillageofOakHarbor;althoughthesepropertieshaveOakHarbormailingaddress,theyareactuallylocatedinCarrollTownship.

Table2-32:RepetitiveLossPropertiesCommunity Number Type Losses Building

PaymentsContentsPayments

TotalPayments

OttawaCounty 105 Residential 285 $1,960,369 $16,411 $1,976,781 8 Non-Residential 29 $139,562 $69,465 $209,028CarrollTownship 4 Residential 14 $75,367 $9,446 $84,814 0 Non-Residential 0 0 0 0PortClinton 5 Residential 16 $84,127 $19,206 $103,333 6 Non-Residential 16 $52,317 $57,925 $110,242Thecountyhasonlyoneknownsevererepetitivelossstructure,asidentifiedinTable2-33.

Table2-33:SevereRepetitiveLossPropertiesCommunity Number Type Losses Building

PaymentsContentsPayments

TotalPayments

PortClinton 0 Residential 0 0 0 0 1 Non-Residential 5 $21,745 $34,923 $56,668



Additionalrepetitiveand/orsevererepetitivelossstructuresmaystillexistinOttawaCounty,especiallyaschangesinfloodplainmappinghaveoccurred.Unidentifiedstructuresmaynowfallinsidethefloodplainduetochanges.Ifthesestructureshavenotbeenimpactedbyrecentfloodingevents,theymaybeunknowntolocalofficials.2.3.5LossEstimatesToestimatedisasterlosses,adamageprofilethatconsidersthepotentialimpactandlossfromeachhazardisdeveloped.ThisinformationhelpsdetermineOttawaCounty’svulnerabilitytoeachspecifichazard.DroughtDamageProfileOttawaCountycanexperienceslightdroughtandregularlyexperiencesperiodsofdecreasedprecipitationduringtheprimecrop-growingseason.Theclimateismoderateanddoesnotturnaridatanytime.Thereisnohistoryofanextendeddroughtthatcausedcasualtiesorpropertydamagemoresignificantthanlowcropyieldsforasinglegrowingseasonnoristhereanyhistoryofextensivecroplossesinexcessofasinglecropyear.Precipitationpatternscancauseaseriesofyearstohavehigherorloweryieldsduetoslightdrynessandlateplantingorharvestbecauseofexcessiverainfall.Forthepurposeoflossestimates,onlythemajorcashgraincropswereconsideredbecausethosecropsconstitutethemajorityofproductioninOttawaCountyandareconsistentlyproducedintheexpressedacreagesfromyeartoyear.Productionlivestockcangenerallybesoldinspiteofdrought;othercashcropssuchascucumbers,tomatoes,andvegetablesareheavilyinsured.Whilemostfarmerspurchasecropinsuranceforallcrops,includinggrain,datadoesnotexisttoindicatewhetherornotallcropsareinsuredinOttawaCounty.BasedonstatisticsfromtheUSDANationalAgriculturalStatisticsServiceandcurrentgrainprices,OttawaCountycouldexpectthefollowinglossamountsundertotalcroplossconditionsforthemostprevalentcropsproducedinthecounty:

Table2-34:DroughtVulnerabilityAssessmentCommodity Acres Productions(Bu) CurrentPrice ValueSoybeans 66,700 3,389,000 $9.51 $32,229,390Corn 22,800 2,660,900 $3.21 $8,541,489Wheat 5,600 405,000 $3.91 $1,583,550

EarthquakeDamageProfileEarthquakesaregeologicallypossiblybutnotcommoninOttawaCounty.Thecountyhasexperiencedseveralminorearthquakesinthatpast,althoughthesehavealloccurredawayfromlandonLakeErieandbeenveryminor.Assuch,thereislittledatatosupportcommittingextensiveresourcestoearthquake-proofingbuildingsandotherstructures.Becauseofthelowriskandhighcostofimplementingmitigationstrategiesrelatedtoearthquakerisk,thePlanningTeamdidnotidentifyanysuchactions.Astheyarrivedatthis



decision,theyreviewedprojectedlossestimatesfora5.4magnitudeearthquakewithanepicenterinPortClinton.Theseestimates,generatedbytheHAZUSlossestimationtool,helpedtheteammakeaninformeddecisionofOttawaCounty’searthquakerisk.Table2-35includesthevulnerabilityanalysismadeavailabletothecommittee;adetailedexplanationofpotentialearthquakedamageinOttawaCountyisincludedinAppendixA.

Table2-35:EarthquakeScenarioVulnerabilityAnalysisBuildingType NumberofBuildings Exposure

Residential 2,933 $792,846,308Non-Residential 3,050 $665,927,123CriticalFacilities 71 $15,501,910Totals 6,054 $1,474,275,341

FloodDamageProfileOttawaCountyisvulnerabletominortomoderatedamagefromfloods.Themostlikelyareastosustainflooddamageareadjacentorincloseproximitytowaterways,includingsomelow-lyingroadwaysandareasthatareclosetoundersizedstormsewersthatareinadequatetohandlerunofffromheavyprecipitationevents.FloodinginOttawaCountyfloodingistypicallycausedbyoneoftwosituations:First,heavy,rapid,orextendeddurationprecipitationcausesriverineflooding,whichcollectsinlow-lyingareas.Whenthegroundissaturatedandunabletoabsorbmoreandwaterwaysareoverwhelmedandunabletocarrythewateraway,floodingoccurs.Residential,agricultural,andbusinesspropertiesarevulnerabletothistypeofflooding.ThemostheavilyimpactedpropertiesarelocatedwithinthefloodplainsandimmediatelyadjacentareasinOttawaCounty.Thesecondmostcommonfloodingsituationhappenswhenrainfallisaccompaniedbysnowmeltandheavyrunoffwhilethegroundisstillfrozenorsaturated;thisoccursprimarilyinlatewinterandearlyspring.Becausethegroundcannotabsorbthevolumeofwater,floodingoccursinresidences,parkinglots,roadways,fields,andlow-lyingareas.FlooddamageinOttawaCountycanincludedamageanddestructiontostructures,infrastructure,andcrops.Residentialstructuredamageswouldincludedamagetosingle-familyhomes,congregatelivingfacilities,andmulti-familyhousingcomplexes.Commercialandindustrialstructuredamagescouldincludebuildingsusedformanufacturing,producthandling,transportation,warehousing,retail,business,andindustrial,andthecapitalequipmentassociatedwiththoseuses.Agriculturalstructureswouldincludebarnsusedforlivestock,equipmentstorage,andcommoditystorage,aswellasthecontentsofthosebuildingsthatconstitutebusinessassetssuchasproductionanimals,equipment,andmachinery.Structuraldamagewouldincludefloodinginbasements,crawlspaces,andgroundlevellivingareas,destroyingthecontentsanddamagingwallsandfloors.Thisdamageoftencreateslargeamountsofdebris,includingfinish,structural,andfoundationmaterials,whichmustbemanaged.Afterthefloodwaterrecedes,residentsandrescuersareexposedtopotentially



hazardoussubstancesthatthefloodwaterleavesbehind,potentiallycreatingapublichealthconcern.Floodingfrequentlycausesstreets,roads,andhighwaystofloodforshortperiodsoftime.Thiscausesbusinessestocloseuntiltheroadscanbere-opened.Thisperiodofbusinessshutdowngenerallyisconfinedtothefloodplainareasandlastsforonlyadayortwooncetherainstopsbutthedisruptiontocommerce,transportation,andthedeliveryofservicesissignificant.InOttawaCounty,countywidefloodingispossiblewhennortheastwinds,heavyrainfall,and/orseasonalsnowmeltcombinetopreventrunofffromreachingLakeErie.Inthissituation,theconstantwindpushesrunoffflowingtowardsthelakebackintotheriversasfarwestasOakHarbor.Aswatercontinuestoflowfromthesouth,thesenortheastwindspreventitfromdrainingintothelake,causingsignificantflooding.Whilethisscenarioiscomplexanddependentuponthecombinationofseveralvariables,itdoesoccasionallyoccur.Inthisscenario,themostvulnerableareasincludealllandalongthePortage,Toussaint,andSanduskyRiversasindicatedintheHAZUSriverinefloodprojection.Additionally,coastalneighborhoodsalongLakeErieinCarroll,Erie,andPortageTownshipsarevulnerable.NotincludedinthevulnerabilityanalysisaresummerhomesandseasonalresidencesalongthelakeshoreinPortClinton.Thehomesareoccupiedonlyonweekendsandduringthesummer,withmostresidentsmaintainingprimaryhomesinothercommunities.Manybusinessesalongtheshorelineandinthecity’sshorelinedistrict,suchasrestaurantsandconveniencestores,areaccustomedtoutilizingsandbagstokeepwaterawayandtopreventdamagetotheirbusinesses.Otherbusinessesincludemarinas,whicharebuilttowithstandthesenor’easterstorms.

Table2-36:FloodScenarioVulnerabilityAnalysis-CountywideBuildingType NumberofBuildings Exposure

Residential 5,028 $1,293,695,830Non-Residential 898 $231,015,160CriticalFacilities 101 $26,208,000Totals 6,027 $1,550,918,990

Inthewesternportionofthecounty,thevillageofGenoaisverysusceptibletoflooding.Forthisvulnerabilityanalysis,a100-yearfloodwassimulatedinthevillageofGenoa.Astationaryfrontstalledovertheareaforthreedaysandaffectedtheareasofthevillageinandadjacenttothe100-yearfloodplain.Twenty-twopercentofresidenceshavedamagesignificantenoughtopreventoccupantsfromlivinginthehomefortwoweeks.Eightpercentofotherstructuresarealsounusableforatleasttwoweeks.



Table2-37:FloodScenarioVulnerabilityAnalysis-WestBuildingType NumberofBuildings Exposure

Residential 173 $4,165,842Non-Residential 7 $471,628CriticalFacilities 3 $198,314Totals 183 $4,835,784

Map2-6:100-YearFloodZone

SevereThunderstormDamageProfileThunderstormsareafrequenthazardinOttawaCounty.Thecombinationofhail,lightning,precipitation,andwindcausedbythunderstormscaninflictdamageacrossanyareaofthecounty.Whilethunderstormsarefrequent,theyaretypicallyminorandcausemoreinconveniencethanactualdamage.Ararelightningboltmaydestroyanelectricaltransformer,strikeabuilding,igniteafire,orhitatreeanddamageabuildingorvehicle,butthisisinfrequent.Moreseveredamage,includinglossoflifeandpropertyispossiblebutstatisticsindicatethefrequencyofthistypeofdamageisextremelylow.

MarbleheadGenoaPort ClintonOak Harbor

Elmore

Clay Center

Rocky Ridge

Put-In-Bay

Benton

Clay

Carroll

BaySalem

Allen

Harris

Erie DanburyPortage

Catawba Island

Put-In-Bay

Rebecca E. JohnstoneGIS Coordinator

p:419-734-6761, f:[email protected]

www.ottawacountyauditor.org

Lawrence Hartlaub, Ottawa County Auditor Pictometry Orthophotos: April 2016 4" pixel resolution

Printed: Thursday, March 30, 2017, 2:10:18 PM

²0 5.5 112.75 Miles

Ottawa County Ohio



Whenthunderstormsareaccompaniedbytornadoes,damagefromthetornadoesislikelytobemoresignificantthanthatcausedbythethunderstorm.Straight-linewindscanalsooccurandaretheresultofdownburstsandmicrobursts;thesewindscanbeasdestructiveastornadoandcausedamagessimilartothatofthetornadoEFscalelistedabove.AseverethunderstormthatstrikesthecityofPortClintonwassimulatedforthisscenario.Thestormdownstrees,damagesproperties,anddropsheavyprecipitationandhail.Fivepercentofresidentialstructuresaredamaged;damagesaverage30%ofthepropertyvalueandincluderoofs,exteriorsurfaces,doorsandwindows,exteriorlandscaping,andfallentrees.

Table2-38:ThunderstormScenarioVulnerabilityAnalysisBuildingType NumberofBuildings Exposure

Residential 142 $4,112,740Non-Residential 14 $1,166,142CriticalFacilities 2 $1,943,826Totals 158 $7,222,708

TornadoDamageProfileOttawaCountyisuniversallyvulnerabletotornadodamage.Becauseoftheflatopenterrain,thereislittlechangeinelevationorlandscapethatwouldcauseatornadotoslowdownorbreakapart.Althoughtornadowarningsareissuedseveraltimeseachyear,tornadoesdonotoccurfrequentlyinthecounty.TornadoesaremostcommoninthespringalthoughthecountyhasexperiencedseveretornadoesaslateintheyearasNovember.Whenthecountydoesexperienceatornadoevent,themagnitudeistypicallyanEF1incidentwithmoderatedamagelimitedtoarelativelysmallgeographicalarea.ItisunusualforatornadotohaveamagnitudeofEF2orgreater.InOttawaCounty,thereareseveralthousandmobilehomes,campers,andboatsthatserveasfull-orpart-timeresidences.Thesestructuresaremorevulnerabletowinddamagebecausetheyarelesssecuredtothegroundthanbuildingswithfoundations,havenobasementorsub-terrainlevel,andarelighterweightandmadeoflesswindresistantmaterialthantraditionallyconstructedhomes.Mobilehomesarescatteredthroughoutthecounty,locatedseparatelyorwithinmobilehomeparks.Themajorityofthecampgroundsandmarinasarelocatedalonglakeshoreandrivers.Mostotherresidentialstructuresinthecountyareconstructedusingwood,concrete,brick,andstone.Manyhomesareolderandwereconstructedusinglimestoneandothermasonrymaterials;thesehomesarebuiltontraditionalfoundationswithbasementsorcrawlspaces.Somenewerhomesareconcreteslabconstructionwithoutbasementsorcrawlspaces.Thesehomesaremostpronetosuperficialdamage,roofdamage,andfallingtreesduringtornadoesandseverewindstorms.Commercialbuildingsareconstructedofconcrete,brick,concreteblock,stone,andwood.Theyaregenerallybuiltonconcreteslabswithstructuralsupporttrussesandpitchedroof



constructiontofacilitatesnowandicemeltandrunoff.Flatroofbuildings,suchasshoppingcentersandbig-boxtyperetailstores,aresusceptibletoheavysnowinblizzardconditions;thereisnoidentifiablehistoryofroofcollapseincidentsduetosnoworice.PropertydamagefromtornadoesinOttawaCountygenerallyincludesdamagedroofs,guttersanddownspouts,trees,andtheoccasionaldestructionofawholebuilding.Mobilehomesaredamagedordestroyedinthemostseriousoutbreaks.Outbuildings,barns,andstoragebuildingscanbedamagedbecausethesestructuresarelessresistanttowinddamageandarefrequentlybuiltonconcreteslabsordirtfoundations.ThetornadoscenarioisanEF4stormthattravelsthroughthevillageofClayCenterandpartsofAllenandBentonTownshipsbeforemovingoutoverLakeErie.Tenhomes,fourbusinesses,andtwocriticalfacilitiesarecompletelydestroyedwhilemanyotherssufferminortomoderatedamage.

Table2-39:TornadoScenarioVulnerabilityAnalysisBuildingType NumberofBuildings Exposure

Residential 221 $904,444Non-Residential 4 $942,632CriticalFacilities 13 $270,778Totals 238 $2,117,854

WindStormDamageProfileWindincidentsarelikelytooccurinOhioandOttawaCountywouldbeinthelikelyimpactzone.Inrecentyears,OttawaCountyhasexperiencedseveralhighwindevents.Thesetypicallydamagetrees,whichleadtoobstructedroadwaysanddownedpowerlines.Cropdamageanddestructionisalsoaconcern.Whenhighwindsdamageyoungandmaturingcrops,yieldscanbesignificantlyreduced,whichnegativelyimpactsthecounty’seconomy.StrongnortheastwindsoffofLakeErieareaparticularconcernasthesewindsaretypicallyverystrongandcancausesignificantdamage.Whenthesenortheastwindscombinewithhighlakelevels,thelow-lyingareasalongthelakeshoreandmajorriverscanbecomeinundated.Forthewindstormscenario,awindstormthatstrikestheeastendofOttawaCounty,includingCatawbaIsland,Portage,andDanburyTownshipsandthevillageofMarblehead,wassimulated.Thestormdownedtrees,destroyedproperty,andcausedmajordisruptiontodailylife.Therewasnosignificantprecipitationwiththestorm.Fivepercentofpropertiessufferedexteriordamagetoroofs,patios,trees,andsiding.Damagesareapproximatelyfivepercentofthepropertyvalue.



Table2-40:WindstormScenarioVulnerabilityAnalysisBuildingType NumberofBuildings Exposure

Residential 520 $5,727,411Non-Residential 43 $865,489CriticalFacilities 7 $614,453Totals 570 $7,207,342

WinterStormDamageProfileWinterstormshavethepotentialtoaffecteveryhome,business,orpropertyinOttawaCounty.Becauseofthecounty’smostlyflatterrain,noareaofthecountyismoreorlessvulnerabletosnowfall.Theconsistentelevationsandopen,ruralareascreateconditionsperfectforblowinganddriftingsnow,causinglowvisibilityacrossthecounty.Poweroutagescanoccuracrosstheentirecountyduringblizzardsorsnowstormswithsignificantice,wind,orheavysnowfall.Withtheexceptionofnewerresidentialdevelopments,almostallofthecounty’selectriclinesareaboveground,makingthemvulnerabletowindandice.Majorsupplylinesarealsoabovegroundastheyenterthecounty.Thesesubstationsarevulnerabletowind,heavysnow,andiceeveninareaswhereresidentiallinesarenot.Therefore,poweroutagesarethemostsignificantriskduringwinterweatherevents.In2014and2015,OttawaCounty,alongwithmuchofOhioandtheMidwest,experiencedexceptionallylongandcoldwinters.Seasonalsnowfalltotalswereaboveaverageandtemperaturesweresignificantlylowerthannormal.Inspiteoftheunusualsnowfallamountsandexceptionallycoldtemperatures,thecountydidnotreportanypropertydamagesorlossoflifeasaresultoftheextremewinterconditions.Thecountyexperiencedshort-terminconvenienceaftereachincident,includingclosedschoolsandbusiness,treacheroustravelconditions,extremecold,andblowinganddriftingsnow,butnothingthatimpactedthecountyonmorethanatemporary,short-termbasis.Thelossestimatesforwinterstormsarerelativelylowinspiteofrecentandseverewinterseasons.Thereisnoidentifiablehistoryofpropertylossduetosnowpack,avalanche,orotherwinterstormrelatedcause.Reasonablyanticipatedlossesfromwinterstormsincludecontentloss,suchasfoodandperishableslostduringpowerinterruptions,minordamagetoroadways,suchaspotholes,orvehiculardamagecausedbytrafficaccidentsinslipperyconditions.Thecountywouldonlyexperiencesignificantdamagetobuildingsandcriticalinfrastructureinthemostsevereandunusualwinterweatherincidents.Forthewinterstormscenario,ablizzardinthevillageofElmorewassimulated.Residentialdamagewaslimitedtocontentsandseveraldamagedroofsandelectricalsystems.Businesslosseswerehigherduetoflat-roofstructuresandpolebuildingtypeconstructionthatislessresistanttoheavesnow.Asaresult,fivehomesaredamagedanduninhabitablefortwoweeksandeightbusinessesexperiencedcollapseproblemsduetosnowload.Severalcriticalfacilities,includingseveralusedforsheltersandresourcecenters,experiencedthesameproblem.



Table2-41:WinterStormScenarioVulnerabilityAnalysisBuildingType NumberofBuildings Exposure

Residential 5 $152,169Non-Residential 8 $934,902CriticalFacilities 6 $1,907,301Totals 19 $2,994,372

2.4RISKASSESSMENTBasedonthishazardandvulnerabilityinformation,OttawaCountyisatriskfordamagesfromavarietyofdisasters.Todeterminethecounty’slevelofrisk,eachhazardwasevaluatedandscoredbasedoncommoncriteria.Thesecriteriaincludedfrequency,responseduration,speedofonset,magnitude,andimpactonbusiness,people,andproperty.Table2-42describestheoverallscaleusedtoscoreeachhazard.Table2-43providesdetailsonthemagnitudescaleandthecompositescoresforeachhazardpresentinOttawaCountyandtheirrespectiverankareidentifiedintable2-44.

Table2-42AssessmentScale

Score Frequency ResponseDuration

SpeedofOnset Magnitude Business

ImpactHumanImpact

PropertyImpact

1 None <½Day >24Hours Localized <24Hours Minimum <10%2 Low <1Day 12-24

HoursLimited 1Week Low 10-25%

3 Medium <1Week 6-12Hours

Critical 2Weeks Medium 25-50%

4 High <1Month <6Hours Catastrophic >30Days High >50%5 Excessive >1Month

FrequencyHazardeventsthatoccurregularlyareahigherriskthanthosethatoccurinfrequently.

• 1=None/Oncein100years• 2=Low/Oncein50years• 3=Medium/Oncein25years• 4=High/Oncein1-3years• 5=Excessive/Morethanannual

ResponseDurationResponsedurationisdefinedastheamounttimetheresponsetoaparticularhazardisanticipatedtolast.

• 1=Lessthan½day• 2=Lessthan1day• 3=Lessthan1week• 4=Lessthan1month• 5=Morethan1month



SpeedofOnsetSpeedofonsetaddressestheamountofadvancewarningacommunityhasbeforeeachhazardoccurs.

• 1=Morethan24hours• 2=12-24hours• 3=6-12hours• 4=Lessthan6hours

MagnitudeMagnitudeisratedusingstandarddamagescalessuchastheEnhancedFujitaScale,orthroughdevelopmentofalocalcomparativescalethatiscomparableindamagesatlikelevelsusingtheestablisheddamagescales.Somescalesfromothergeographicregions,suchastheNorthEastSnowIndexScale,wereusedasmodelstodevelopacomparativetoolinOttawaCounty.

Table2-43:MagnitudeScale

Score Tornado Windstorm Flood Earthquake Drought WinterStorm

1 EF-0/1 <65mph Minor <5.9 D-0VeryDryD-1Moderate

<8”snow

2 EF-2 65-75mph Moderate 6.0-6.9 D-2Severe 8-12”snow3 EF-3 76-85mph Significant 7.0-7.9 D-3Extreme 12-16”snow4 EF-4/5 >86mph Major >8.0 D-4Exceptional >16”snow

BusinessImpactBusinessimpactreferstothepotentialeconomicimpactahazardeventislikelytohaveonacommunity.Thedefinitionofeachscorereferstotheamountoftimecriticalfacilitiesarelikelytobeshutdownintheimpactedcommunity.

• 1=Lessthan24hours• 2=1week• 3=Atleast2weeks• 4=Morethan30days

HumanImpactHumanimpactisdefinedasthenumberoflivespotentiallylostforaparticularhazard.

• 1=Minimum/Minorinjuries• 2=Low/Someinjuries• 3=Medium/Multiplesevereinjuries• 4=High/Multiplefatalities

PropertyImpact



Propertyimpactisdefinedasthenumberamountofpropertypotentiallylostduringagivenhazardevent.

• 1=Lessthan10%damaged• 2=10-25%damaged• 3=25-50%damaged• 4=Morethan50%damaged

Table2-44:RiskAssessment

Hazard Freq

uency

Respon

se

Duration

Spee

dof

Onset

Magnitude

Busine

ss

Impa

ct

Hum

an

Impa

ct

Prop

erty

Impa

ct

Score RankCoastalErosion 4 3 1 1 1 2 15 3Dam/LeveeFailure 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 9 9Drought/ExtremeHeat 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 12 6Earthquake 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 10 8Flood 4 2 3 2 1 1 2 17 1LandSubsidence 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 10SevereThunderstorm 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 14 4Tornado 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 11 7Windstorm 5 3 4 1 1 1 1 16 2WinterStorm 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 13 5


DevelopedbyResourceSolutionsAssociatesLLC,Norwalk,Ohio

3.0MITIGATIONSTRATEGIESAsOttawaCounty’splanningteamandstakeholdersdevelopedmitigationgoalsandstrategiesforthecounty,theirgoalwastoaddressthespecificrisksandvulnerabilitiesofeachjurisdiction.Asaresult,themitigationstrategiesinthisplanaresignificantlymoredetailedandcomprehensivethanthosedevelopedforpreviousplans.Whilesomestrategiesaresimilarfromjurisdictiontojurisdiction,eachgroupofstakeholdersexpressedtheircommunity’suniquecircumstancesandcraftedstrategiestoaddressthosespecificissues.TheresultisasetofcomprehensiveandcustomizedmitigationgoalsandstrategiesthatmeettheneedsofOttawaCountyandeachjurisdiction.3.1STATUSOFPASTMITIGATIONEFFORTSInthe2004OttawaCountyAll-NaturalHazardMitigationPlan,mitigationgoalswereestablishedfortheentirecounty.Eachincorporatedjurisdictionandsometownshipsthendevelopedappropriateandapplicablemitigationprojects.ThesegoalsandprojectswerediscussedandevaluatedbytheplanningteamandstakeholdersduringthejurisdictionalmeetingsconductedinMay2016.Table3-1identifiesthecountygoalsfromthepreviousplan.

Table3-1:2004CountyMitigationGoalsGoal

1.Toimprovetheeffortsinprotectingthegeneralpopulationfromallnaturalandman-madehazardsthatmayimpactthegeographicareasoftheCounty.2.Toreducethepotentialdollarimpactofnaturalandman-madehazardsonpublicandprivatepropertyandtominimizetheimpactofthesehazardsonthegeneralpopulationbyidentifying,introducing,andimplementingcosteffectivemitigationmeasuresandprojects.3.ToidentifyprotectivemeasuresthatshouldbeimplementedtoensuredamagedonetothecriticalfacilitiesofOttawaCountybynaturalandman-madehazardsisminimized.4.ToimproveEmergencyPreparednessforallman-madeandnaturalhazardslikelytoimpactOttawaCounty.5.Tobettermitigatedamageresultingfromthefloodinghazardsbyelevatingandretrofittingstructureswithintheonehundredyearfloodplainandrelocatingstructuresoutsidetheonehundredyearfloodplain.6.Toprotectallpropertieslocatedinanidentifiedcoastalerosionarea,throughcooperativeeffortsinthedesign,funding,andconstructionoferosioncontroldevicesontheseparcels.7.Tocontinuemonitoringlandsubsidenceactivitiesthroughcooperativeeffortswithlocalofficials.8.ToaddresstheneedsoftheseasonalpopulationvisitingOttawaCountyduringpre-disasterandpost-disasterconditions.Table3-2identifiesthemitigationprojectsdevelopedbythe2004planningteamtoaddressmitigationissuesinthejurisdictionsandthecurrentstatusofeachstrategy.Currentstatusisclassifiedaccordingtothislist:

• Completed:Strategywascompletedaswritten;itemhasnotbeenincludedinnewplan• Ongoing:Strategyhasnotbeenachievedinitsentiretyandisincludedinnewplan



• Deleted:Strategywasdeterminedtonotbefeasibleornecessaryandhasbeenremovedfromconsiderationinthenewplan

Table3-2:Statusof2004MitigationStrategies

Strategy StatusOttawaCounty 1.Evaluationofthepresentbuildingcodesusedfornewconstructionwithanemphasisontheneedtoimplementahigherwindconstructionstandardtoaddresswinddamageseeninrecentstraight-linewindandtornadoes.

Completed

2.Continuationofthepre-disastermitigationprogramforelevatingstructuresabovetheonehundredyearfloodelevationinrepetitivelossareaswillbecontinued. Completed

3.Developmentofaculvertreplacementprogramandditch-cleaningprogramthatwouldaideinalleviatingfloodingproblemsalongthecreeksandstreamsinOttawaCountyisproposed.

Completed

4.OttawaandErieCountyarebothservedbyaregionalairportlocatedinPortageTownshipofOttawaCounty.TheairportservesasalifelinetotheislandsinLakeErie.Theairportwouldliketoacquireanemergencygeneratortopowerthelandinglightsusedattheairport,sothatduringperiodsofelectricaloutagescausedbynaturalhazardevents,flightsintoandoutoftheairportwouldnotberestricted.

Deleted

ClayCenter 1.TheVillageofClayCenterisproposingtheconstructionofasaferoomadditionontothetownhalltoshelterindividualsduringperiodsofimminentthreatduetonaturalhazards,suchasatornado.

Deleted

2.Inaddition,thevillagewouldliketoacquireageneratorofsufficientsizetopowerthetownhallandultimatelythesaferoomwhenitisconstructedduringperiodsofprolongerpoweroutagecausebyanaturalhazard.

Deleted

Elmore 1.TheVillageofElmorewouldproposetobuildanearthendikearoundtheirwastewatertreatmentfacilitytopreventthenegativeimpactsassociatedwithfloodwatersfromthePortageRiveronitsoperation.

Deleted

Genoa 1.AreviewofthefloodinsuranceratemapforGenoarevealsarestrictionoftheflowofwatereasterlyasPackerCreekflowsthroughthevillageintheareaoftherailroadtracksandNinthStreet.Becauseofthisrestriction,alargeupstreamareaofthevillageexperiencesfloodwaterconditions.Thevillageisproposingtoremovethisrestriction.

Completed

Marblehead 1.TheVillageofMarbleheadhasthemostmilesofshorelineofanyofOttawaCounty’sincorporatedareas.Highlakelevelsaccompaniedbystrongeast/northeastwindscreateseverefloodingissuesalongtheStateRoute163corridorintheVillage.ThevillageproposestoconstructalakefrontbreakwallthatwouldextendalongStateRoute163fromLakeBreezeCircletoLakePointMotel,approximately2,000linearfeet.ThisbreakwallwouldkeeplargebouldersfromwashingupontoStateRoute163duringaseverenortheasterstorm.

Deleted

2.ToobtainanemergencygeneratorfortheVillageTownHallthatprovideselectricalpowertothepoliceandfiredepartmentslocatedadjacenttotheTownHall. Deleted



OakHarbor 1.ThePortageRiverflowsthroughthesouthsideoftheVillageofOakHarbor.ThePortageRiverwasnotincludedwithinthecoastalerosionstudyundertakenbytheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResources.However,thevillageisexperiencingsomeerosionalongitsriverfront.ThevillageisproposingtoinstallaconcretewallfromChurchStreettoStateRoute19alongthePortageRiver.

Completed

PortClinton 1.TheCityofPortClintonwishestoprovidesomeformofshorelineprotectionalongWestLakeshoreDrive. Deleted

Put-in-Bay 1.ThisvillageisuniqueinthatitislocatedonanislandinLakeErie.Electricalserviceisprovidedthroughanunderwatercablefromthemainland.Overheadpowerlinesthenservethestructuresontheisland.Damagetothiscablesignificantlyimpactstheislandforextendedperiodsoftime.TheVillageCouncilwouldliketohaveagenerator,eitherportableorthesemi-trailertypetobelocatedattheVillageTownHall.

Completed

2.Inadditiontothegenerator,andimpactingtheentireislandandnotjusttheVillage,anauxiliaryunderwaterpowercabletotheislandwouldprovideelectricityshouldbemaincablebedamagedordestroyedbyiceflows.

Deleted

3.Duringthewintermonthswhenthelakeisfrozenorpartiallyfroze,theairportsservingtheislandsaretheonlylifelinetothemainland.Theislandsareproposingtheacquisitionofagroupoflarge,portablefloodlightsandaportablegeneratorthatcouldbeusedatnighttolighteithertheharborortheairporttoprovideeasieraccesstotheislandforemergencypersonnelrespondingtoanaturalhazard.

Completed

RockyRidge 1.ThevillageofintendstoerectanewfirestationinthenextfiveyearstoservetheVillageandsurroundingBentonTownshipresidents.Aspartofthatfirestationproject,theVillagewouldproposetoincludeasaferoom.

Deleted

2.TheVillagewouldalsoliketoacquireanemergencygeneratortobeplacedatthetownhall. Deleted

3.1.1Coordinatewithutilitycompaniestofacilitateimprovedservicethroughhardenedphysicalsystemimprovements. Ongoing

3.1.2Encouragepowersupplierstointerconnecttheirsystemstoimprovereliability. OngoingAllenTownship 1.TheAllen-ClayTownshipJointFireDistrictisproposingtheconstructionofasaferoomlargeenoughtohold65to140residentsdependingupontheseatingconfiguration. Deleted

BayTownship 1.Thetownshipisproposingtofinanceone-thirdoftheconstructioncostforPhasesIIandIIIofthestormwatersewersystemproject,whichwillreducefloodingconditionsinthetownship.

Ongoing

2.Thepurchaseofaflatbottom“Jon”boat,fourteenfeetinlength,wouldassistthetownshipinrescuingindividualsduringperiodsofflooding. Completed

3.Thetownshipwouldliketohaveanon-sitesaltshedwithinthetownshipatthefirestation/townhall. Completed



ErieTownship 1.ThetownshipwouldliketoacquireanaturalgaspoweredemergencygeneratortobeconnectedtotheErieTownshipFireandRescueStationtoassistinthefacilitationofservicestothelocalresidentsduringperiodsofpoweroutages.Modification:Apropanepoweredgeneratorwasinstalled.

Completed(Modified)

3.2RISKPRIORITIESTheHazardIdentificationandRiskAssessmentexplainsindetailtheidentificationofhazardsandevaluationofrisksinOttawaCounty.Thatsectionoftheplanconsidersnumerousnaturallyoccurringpossibilities,citesthehistoricalfrequencyandseverityofpastincidents,andconsidersthedamagesthatwouldoccurshouldthattypeincidentstrikeajurisdictionwithinOttawaCounty.Asaresultofthisassessment,theplanningteamdeterminedthatrelevanthazardsandapplicablerisksforOttawaCountyareprimarilyassociatedwithwater,wind,and/orextremetemperature.Mostofthecounty’schallengesareshort-termflashandcoastalfloodingassociatedwithrapid,intenserainfallandstrongwindsfromthenorthandeast,localizedfloodingofproperties,winddamagetobuildings,lossofutilities,androadclosuresorinterruptionsinaccesstoareasofthecountyduetoflooding.WhileearthquakesarepossibleinOttawaCounty,theyareveryrareandareunlikelytocausemorethanminordamage.Therearefewmulti-storybuildings,nomulti-levelhighwaysorbridges,andlittledenselypopulatedareashighlyvulnerabletoearthquakedamage.Therefore,jurisdictionsdecideditwasmosteffectivetoincludeearthquakeprotectiveactionswithallotherprotectiveactionsinpublicinformationgoalsandactions.Thestrategiesinthisplanweredevelopedbasedontheseidentifiedhazards,risks,andvulnerabilities.TheyareintendedtoprovidegeneraloptionstolessenthevulnerabilitiesinOttawaCounty.Duringtheplanningprocess,thePlanningTeamandstakeholdersdeterminedwhathazardsstrikemostfrequently,whichcausethemostphysicaldamageandinjury,andwhichconsequencescanbepreventedorlessened.Withlimitedfinancialandpersonnelresourcesavailabletoconductmitigationprojects,thePlanningTeamweighedeverypotentialeffortbymeasuringthebenefitagainstcostandtheresourcesrealisticallyavailabletoconducttheactivity.ThePlanningTeamendeavoredtoprioritizewherestrategiesthatcouldrealisticallybeaccomplishedandresultinactualreductioninpotentialandreallosses.Considerationsofcost,identifiablefundingtosupportthestrategy,actualbenefittothecommunity,preventionoflossoflife,andoverallfeasibilitywerealldiscussed.Strategieswereratedagainstoneanotherandrankedfrommosttoleastimportant.Whileitiscommonemergencymanagementprofessionals’beliefthatyouwillneverbefacedwiththeemergencyyouplannedfor,OttawaCountytriedtodojustthat.Theytriedveryhardtoplanforwhatmayfeasiblyshowupontheirdoorstep.Thefollowingstrategiesareanoutcomeofthatassessmentandestimation.



3.3MITIGATIONGOALSANDSTRATEGIESPlanningTeammembersandstakeholdersfromeachjurisdictionworkedcollaborativelytodevelopmitigationgoalsandstrategies.TheContractordraftedstrategiesbasedontheinputprovidedbystakeholders.Thisinformationwaspresentedtotheplanningteamandcommunityforpublicreviewandcomment.Thissectionidentifiesthemitigationgoalsandstrategiesforeachjurisdictionandtheprioritylevel,actiontypeleadagency,timeline,andpotentialfundingsourceforeachaction.Eachgoalexpressedunderaspecificjurisdictionreflectscountywideriskassessmentandidentificationofhazards,whicharethesameacrossthecounty.Inalljurisdictions,thegreatestdisruption,damages,andcasualtyiscausedfirstbyflooding;thatfloodingcanberiverine,flash,orcoastaldependentuponthelocationofthejurisdiction.Secondly,lossescanbeattributedtowindstormsthatincludestraight-linewinds(suchasthe2012derechocausedinwesternpartsofthestate)andtornadoesthatariseabruptlyandfollowunchartedpathwaysacrossthecounty.Thethirdrankingriskwastemperatureextreme,includingveryhotweatherduringsummersandextremelycoldweatherduringharshwinters.Bothcausesimilarconsequences,includingpoweroutagesandlackofadequatewatersupplies.Fourthonthelistwaserosionandlandsubsidence,causedbywaterandwindrushingacrossroadwaysandbridges,orcrashingontoinfrastructureandbuildingswithallthefervorofalargebodyofwater.Utilityoutagesarecommonoutcomesofthesehazardsand,therefore,areincludedthroughoutthedescriptionofgoalsandactions.Theexpressedgoalsarereflectiveoftheoverallcountywideprioritizationofrisksandvulnerabilities,whichcarrythroughthejurisdictionsinthesameorderofimportance.Theensuingstrategiesarespecifictoeachjurisdictionbutareexpressedinsimilarwaysfromjurisdictiontojurisdiction.Thiswillenablecollaborationandeffectivecommunicationoverthenextfiveyearsasitrelatestoimplementingtheactionplans.Theactionsarepersonalizedtothejurisdictionandnotallactionsareincludedinalljurisdictions.3.3.1OttawaCountyOttawaCounty’smitigationstrategiesareintendedtoreducevulnerabilitytodamagefromwater,wind,erosion,severestorms,tornadosanddrought.Theidentifiedgoalsandstrategiesincludeallnon-incorporatedareasofthecounty,suchastownshipsandcensusareasorneighborhoods.Thesestrategieswillbeconsideredaseconomicdevelopmentandgrowthisguided,asregulationsarewrittenandrevised,andascodesandguidanceisenforcedandapproved.Thesestrategieswillbereflectedinlocalbuildingcodes,landuseregulations,economicdevelopmentgoalsandstrategies,capitalimprovementplans,andbudgetarymanagement.AsOttawaCountyofficialsrepresentthetownshipsinmitigationefforts,theywillcommunicatewiththetownshiptrusteeswhosejurisdictionsareaffectedbycountyactions.Thecountymayactonbehalfofthetownshipswhenitcomestomitigationefforts,butthetownshipswillfulfilltheirresponsibilitytoenforceandcomplywithzoningandotherlanduseregulationsorbuildingcodes.Thecountyofficialswillworkwithtownshiptrusteestoensurethatsmartdevelopmenttakesplacetocreatesustainablecommunitiesinthemoreruralsectionsofthe



countyaswellasthemunicipalities.Thiswilltakeparticipationonthepartofthetrusteesincountywidedevelopment,butthecountyofficialswillmaintaininclusionofthesesmallerjurisdictionsastheyactontheirbehalf.Thispartnershipinlocalgovernmentisnotnew;OttawaCountyjurisdictionshaveworkedtogetherinthiswayformanyyears.Forexample,whenresidentialbuildingcodeswerecreatedoverfortyyearsago,itwasamulti-jurisdictionaleffort.Thiscollaborationwillcontinue.

Table3-3:OttawaCountyMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:OttawaCountywillemploymitigationactionsthatreducedamagestopropertyandinfrastructurefromcoastal,riverine,andflashflooding.

1.1Engageinaprogramofwaterwaymaintenancethatremovesdebrisandobstructionsfromthewaterwaysbutallowsvegetationtoremaintoslowtheflowofwaterthroughthewaterway.

1 NaturalResourceProtection SWCDDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC

1.2MaintainNFIPparticipationthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoinsureaccuracyofthemaps.

2 PropertyProtection FloodplainManager 01/01/2017 12/31/2021CDBGPDM/FMAPrivate

1.3Adopt,enforce,andmaintainlocalregulationsthatrequireconstructionpracticesthatresultincreationofsustainabledisaster-resistantstructuresinfloodproneareasandfloodzones.

3 PropertyProtection CountyBuildingOfficial 01/10/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

ICC1.4Maintain,repair,andreplaceasneededwatercontrolstructures,includingstormsewers,wastewaterpumpingstations,dams,andotherwatermanagementstructures.

4 StructurallyEngineeredAction

CountySanitaryEngineer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

LOCICCOther

1.5Constructfloodwalls,dikes,dams,leveesorotherstructurestocontroltheflowofwaterontopropertiesduetoriverine,coastal,orflashflooding.


FloodplainManager 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMFMALOC

1.6Requiretheconstructionofreservoirsandretention/detentionpondstocontainrunoffinareasofre-development,newdevelopment,orexpansion.


RegionalPlanningDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMFMALOC

1.7Preventconstructioninfloodzonesthatdoesnottakeintoconsiderationthelocation’svulnerabilitytodamagesanddoesnotengageappropriatemitigationpractices.

7 Prevention CountyBuildingOfficial 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 ICC

LOC

1.8Participateinwatershedmanagementprogramsandorganizationstoreducevulnerabilitytoflooddamages.



8 NaturalResourceProtection RegionalPlanningDirector 01/01.2017 12/31/2021 LOC

ICC1.9Conductresearchandstudyofstormwaterandengageinaprogramtomanageitinanefforttoreducefloodvulnerabilityanddamages.

9 PropertyProtection RegionalPlanningDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

ICCLOCST

1.10Utilizeelevationtoprotectpropertiesfromtheeffectsofflash,coastal,andriverineflooding.

10 PropertyProtection RegionalPlanningDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDM

HMGP1.11Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.11 Prevention EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.12Acquirepropertiesthatincurrepeatedflooddamage,andpurchasethepropertiesfromownerswhenmutuallyagreedtorelocateoccupantsoutoffloodriskareas.Thelandwillbemaintainedasnaturalhabitatinperpetuitytopreventfurtherdamage.

12 Prevention EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMSRLRFCLOC

1.13Createvegetativebufferzonesandrestorenaturalhabitatinlow-lyingareasanddivertfloodwatertonon-vulnerableareas.

13 NaturalResourceProtection FloodplainManager 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMLOCICC

1.14Makepeopleawareandfacilitatetheuseofsimplepreventionmeasuresincludingtheuseofsandbagsandotherdiversiondevicesduringstorms.14 Prevention EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local1.15Advocateandsupportlocalrequirementsforpropertyinsurance,includingfloodinsurancewhenapplicable.


ICC1.16Utilizechanneldiversionormodification(widen,straighten,reline)tore-routetheflowofrunoffwhenothermeansofpreventionarenotfeasible.

16 StructurallyEngineeredAction CountyEngineer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMFMALOC

GOAL2:OttawaCountywillimplementmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstormsincludingstraight-linewindsandtornados.

2.1Advocateforthepropertrimmingandmaintenanceoftreesandothervegetationasawaytorecuedamagescausedbyhighwindortornadoes.

17 PropertyProtection SWCDDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC

2.2Establish,maintain,andenforceestablishedresidentialandcommercialbuildingcoderegulations,zoningrequirements,andotherlocalregulationsintendedtoreducevulnerabilitytodisasterdamages.

18 Prevention CountyBuildingOfficial 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

ICC



2.3Supportandadvocatefortheconstructionofsaferoomsforvulnerablestructures,includingsingleandmulti-familyhomesandneighborhoods.

19 PropertyProtection EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDMLOC

2.4Requiretheuseofappropriatebuildingmaterialsandpracticessostructuresareasresistantaspossibletothenegativeeffectsofhighwindandtornado.


ICC

GOAL3:OttawaCountywillemploymitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andabandonedundergroundmines.

3.1Engageinactionstoprotectandpreserveroadwaysexposedtoheavyrainfallorhighwindsthaterodeberms,deterioratesub-structuralsupport,orcompromisetheintegrityofroads,bridges,culvertsandotherstructures.

21 PropertyProtection CountyEngineer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCICCST

3.2Protectopenareasfromwinderosionthroughuseofwindbreaks,sodstrips,andothervegetativebufferstoprotecttopsoil.

22 NaturalResourceProtection SWCDDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021COGLOCICC

3.3Engageinactionstoprotectandpreservebeaches,shorelines,andriverbanksfromwind,water,andotherhazardsthatcauseerosionordegradation.

23 NaturalResourceProtection CountyEngineer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021COGLOCST

3.4Protectandsupportcoastalandriverbankslopestoreduceerosion,landsubsidenceandotherwinddamagethatremovessoil.

24 NaturalResourceProtection SWCDDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalOtherState

3.5Identifygeographicareasthereabandonedundergroundgypsumandlimestoneminescausethepossibilityoflandsubsidenceandcollapse,andrequirepropermitigationifdeveloped.

25 NaturalResourceProtection CountyEngineer 01/01/2017 12.31.2021 LocalOther

GOAL4:OttawaCountywillengageinmitigationactionstoreducedamagesfromutilityoutagesandresourcesupplyshortages.

4.1Advocateforthehardeningofutilitiesthroughdamageresistantinstallationbelowgrade,improvementstosupplylineandgenerationplants,andupgradeofsubstationsandtransformers.

26 Prevention CountyEngineer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCCDBGOther

4.2Identifyandestablishredundantsuppliersofheatingfuels,potablewater,andotherutilitiesnecessaryforsustaininglife.27 PropertyProtection EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC



4.3Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.

28 Prevention CountyBuildingOfficial 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

ICC

GOAL5:OttawaCountywillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofitspopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetosevereweatherdisastersandseverestorms.

5.1Maintainandimprovehardware,software,andcapitalequipmentusedtodeliverwarningsandnotificationsofsevereweatherandotherhazards.

29 PublicInformation EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCODMCDBG

5.2Establishormaintain,andeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformhemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.30 PublicInformation EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.3Establishwaterconservationandwateremergencyprocedurestobeusedduringwatershortagesandotherwateremergenciesforreasonsofdroughtorcontaminatedwatersupplies.31 NaturalResourceProtection EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.4Identifyandestablishadequatelocationstobeusedascommunitycentersandcomfortstationsduringextendedpoweroutagesorextremeweather.32 PropertyProtection EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.5Identifyandestablishagreementswithorganizationsorinstitutionstohouseandprotectresidentsduringseverestormsandotherdangerousincidents.33 PropertyProtection EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.6Participateinresearchstudiesanddatacollectionintendedtoidentifyandcharacterizetheeffectsofcontemporarynon-meteorologicalthreatsonthecommunity,suchasclimatechangeandwaterqualityissueslikealgaebloom.34 NaturalResourceProtection EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL6:OttawaCountywillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionandfollowoperationalprocedures

6.1Develop,utilizeandmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontactforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.35 PublicInformation EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.2Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservice,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformation,andotherappropriateactions.36 PublicInformation EMADirector 01/01/2107 12/31/2021 LOC6.3Developamulti-partcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedures,warnings,andnotification,andothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedtospecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.

37 PublicInformation EMADirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCCDBG

6.4Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelife-savingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandotherduringsevereincidents.



38 PropertyProtection EMADirector 01/01/2107 12/31/2021LocalStateOther

3.3.2ClayCenterClayCentersitsoutintheopen,andthereforethegreatestriskisexposuretoallelements.Duetotheflatterrain,floodingisprobableunlesseffortshavebeenmadetofacilitatedrainage.Standingwaterfromflashfloodingcanbeproblematic.Winddamageisverylikelywhenseverethunderstorms,tornadoes,orwinterstormsstrike.Iceandhailcandamageexposedproperties.Thevillageislocatedremotelyfromanylargercities,andthereforemustbeself-sufficientandresilientbecausethereisalowpopulationbase.TheClayCentermayorwillworkwiththevillagecounciltocollaboratewithOttawaCountyofficialsregardingcommunityeconomicdevelopmentandgrowth.Theywillworkwithvariouscountyofficialstoengageinsmartdevelopment,tocomplywithlocallanduseandbuildingrequirements,andtoimplementmitigationstrategiesthatcreateasustainablecommunity.

Table3-4:ClayCenterMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:TheVillageofClayCenterwillengageinmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesfromcoastal,riverine,andflashflooding.


1 StructurallyEngineeredProject Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local

Other1.2MaintainNFIPparticipationthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoinsureaccuracyofthemaps.2 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local1.3Conductresearchandstudyofstormwaterandengageinaprogramtomanageitinanefforttoreducefloodvulnerabilityanddamages.

3 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalCOGState


4 StructurallyEngineeredAction Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMFMALocal

1.5Makepeopleawareofandfacilitatetheuseofsimplepreventionmeasuresincludingtheuseofsandbagsandotherdiversiondevicesduringstorms.5 Prevention FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local1.6Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.6 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local1.7Createvegetativebufferzonesandrestorenaturalhabitatinlow-lyingareasanddivertfloodwatertonon-vulnerableareas.



7 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMICCLocal

1.8Utilizechanneldiversionormodification(widening,straightening,relining)toreroutetheflowofrunoffwhenothermeansofpreventionarenotfeasible.


1.9Utilizeelevationtoprotectpropertiesfromtheeffectsofflash,coastal,andriverineflooding.9 PropertyProtection Mayor PDM1.10Constructfloodwalls,dikes,dams,leveesorotherstructurestocontroltheflowofwaterontopropertiesduetoriverine,coastal,orflashflooding.


GOAL2:TheVillageofClayCenterwillemploymitigationactionstoreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstorms,includingstraight-linewindsandtornadoes.

2.1Supportandadvocatefortheconstructionofsaferoomsforvulnerablestructures,includingsingleandmultifamilyhomesandneighborhoods.

11 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMLocalOther

2.2Advocateforthepropertrimmingandmaintenanceoftreesandothervegetationasawaytoreducedamagescausedbyhighwindortornado.

12 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalICC


13 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalICC



GOAL3:TheVillageofClayCenterwillengageinmitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andcollapseofabandonedundergroundmines.

3.1Protectopenareasfromwinderosionthroughuseofwindbreaks,sodstrips,andothervegetativebufferstoprotecttopsoil.15 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local3.2Engageinactionstoprotectandreserveroadwaysexposedtoheavyrainfallorhighwindsthaterodeberms,deterioratesub-structuralsupportorcompromisetheintegrityofroads,bridges,culversandotherstructures.16 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local3.3Identifygeographicareaswhereabandonedundergroundgypsumorlimestoneminescausethepossibilityoflandsubsidenceandcollapse.



17 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalPDMCOG

GOAL4:TheVillageofClayCenterwillemploymitigationactionsthatreducedamagesfromutilityoutagesandsupplyshortages.

4.1Identifyandestablishredundantsuppliersofheatingfuels,potablewaterandotherutilitiesnecessaryforsustaininglife.18 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local4.2Advocateforthehardeningofutilitiesthroughdamageresistantinstallationbelowgrade,improvementstosupplylinesandgenerationplants,andupgradeofsubstationsandtransformers.19 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local4.3Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.

20 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalOther

GOAL5:TheVillageofClayCenterwillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofitspopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetodisastersandseverestorms.


21 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalOther

5.2Establishwaterconservationandwateremergencyprocedurestobeusedduringwatershortagesandotherwateremergenciesforreasonsofdroughtorcontaminatedwatersupplies.

22 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalOther

5.3Establishormaintain,andeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformthemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.23 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local5.4Identifyandestablishadequatelocationstobeusedascommunitycentersandcomfortstationsduringextendedpoweroutagesorextremeweather.24 PropertyProtection FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local5.5Identifyandestablishagreementswithorganizationsorinstitutionstohouseandprotectresidentsduringseverestormsandotherdangerousincidents.25 PropertyProtection FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local

GOAL6:TheVillageofClayCenterwillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionsandfollowoperationalprocedures.

6.1Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservices,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformation,andotherappropriateactions.26 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local6.2Developamultipartcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedures,warnings,andnotification,andothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedtospecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.



27 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalCDBG

6.3Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelifesavingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandothersduringsevereincidents28 PropertyProtection FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local6.4Develop,utilizeandmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontactforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.29 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local3.3.3ElmoreThislittlevillagesitsoutbyitselfinflatterrainwherewindandtheelementscanbeverydamaging.Thealmostflatterrainmakesdrainagedifficulteventhoughtheriverpassesalongsidethevillage.CreeksoverflowtheirbanksasrunofffromfurtherupthewatershedbarrelsintoSugarCreekandWolfCreek,andinundatesmanyproperties.WindandprecipitationarethemajorculpritsinElmore.TheElmoremayorandvillageplanningcommitteewillworkwiththecountyofficialstoengageinsmartdevelopmentandsustainablegrowth.Thevillagecouncil,throughitsplanningcommittee,willsupportandfacilitatetheinclusionofthemitigationstrategiesintheirongoingoperationsfromaplanningperspectiveaswellasincludingmitigationeffortsinbudgetstothegreatestextentpossible.TheywillworkwiththeEMADirectortoreviewtheplanannuallyandprovideupdatesonprogressforthesestrategies.

Table3-5:ElmoreMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:TheVillageofElmorewillengageinmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesfromcoastal,riverine,andflashflooding.

1.1Maintain,repair,andreplaceasneededwatercontrolstructures,includingstormsewers,wastewaterpumpingstations,dams,andotherwatermanagementstructures.

1 StructurallyEngineeredProject Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2022 CDBG

Local1.2Engageinaprogramofwaterwaymaintenancethatremovesdebrisandobstructionsfromthewaterwaysbutallowsvegetationtoremaintoslowtheflowofwaterthroughthewaterway.2 NaturalResourceProtection VillageMayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local1.3Adopt,enforce,andmaintainlocalregulationsthatrequireconstructionpracticesthatresultincreationofsustainabledisasterresistantstructuresinfloodproneareasandfloodzones.


1.4MaintainNFIPparticipationthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoinsureaccuracyofthemaps.


1.5Conductresearchandstudyofstormwaterandengageinaprogramtomanageitinanefforttoreducefloodvulnerabilityanddamages.



5 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalICCState

1.6Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.6 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local1.7Acquirepropertiesthatincurrepeatedflooddamage,andpurchasethepropertiesfromownerswhenmutuallyagreedtorelocateoccupantsoutoffloodriskareas.Thelandwillbemaintainedasnaturalhabitatinperpetuitytopreventfurtherdamages.

7 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMHMGPLocal

1.8Advocateandsupportlocalrequirementsforpropertyinsurance,includingfloodinsurancewhenapplicable.



9 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDMHMGP

GOAL2:TheVillageofElmorewillemploymitigationactionstoreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstorms,includingstraight-linewindsandtornadoes.




11 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDMLocal


12 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDMLocal



GOAL3:TheVillageofElmorewillengageinmitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andcollapseofundergroundabandonedmines.

3.1Protectandsupportcoastalandriverbankslopestoreduceerosion,landsubsidenceandotherwinddamage.

14 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMICCLocalState



GOAL4:TheVillageofElmorewillemploymitigationactionsthatreducedamagesfromutilityoutagesandsupplyshortages.


15 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalCDBGOther

4.2Identifyandestablishredundantsuppliersofheatingfuels,potablewater,andotherutilitiesnecessaryforsustaininglife.16 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local4.3Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.17 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local

GOAL5:TheVillageofElmorewillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofitspopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetodisasterandseverestorms.


18 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalPDMCDBG

5.2Establishormaintain,andeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformthemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.19 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local5.3Establishwaterconservationandwateremergencyprocedurestobeusedduringwatershortagesandotherwateremergenciesforreasonsofdroughtorcontaminatedwatersupplies.20 NaturalResourcesProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local

GOAL6:TheVillageofElmorewillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionsandfollowoperationsprocedures.

6.1Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelife-savingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandotherduringsevereincidents.21 PropertyProtection FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local6.2Developamulti-partcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedures,warnings,andnotificationandothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedtospecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.

22 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalCDBG

6.3Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservices,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformation,andotherappropriateactions.23 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local6.4Develop,utilizeandmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontractforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.24 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local



3.3.4GenoaGenoaisoneofthelargervillagesinOttawaCountybutisstillvulnerabletowind,precipitation,andisolation.Movingrunoffwater,protectingstructuresfromexposures,andbeingabletotakerapidself-protectiveactionsiscriticalforGenoa.TheGenoamayorandvillagecouncil,throughtheplanningcommissionforthevillage,willworkwiththemitigationstrategiesasdevelopmentoccursinGenoa.Theywillworktoresolvefloodingissuesandotherwaterproblemsinthevillageincooperationwithcountyofficials.Themitigationstrategieswillbeconsidered,reviewed,implemented,andevaluatedtothefullestextentpossible.Budgetswillreflectthebesteffortfeasibletoimplementthem.ThevillagewillparticipateinannualplanreviewandwillprovidefeedbacktotheEMADirectorandothercountyofficialsregardingwisedevelopment,mitigationprogress,andevolvingdamageissues.

Table3-6:GenoaMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:TheVillageofGenoawillengageinmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesfromriverine,andflashflooding.


1 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalICC


2 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalICC

1.3Adopt,enforce,andmaintainlocalregulationsthatrequireconstructionpracticesthatresultincreationofsustainabledisasterresistantstructuresinfloodproneareasandfloodzones.


1.4MaintainNFIPparticipationthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoinsureaccuracyofthemaps.4 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local1.5Conductresearchandstudyofstormwaterandengageinaprogramtomanageitinanefforttoreducefloodvulnerabilityanddamages.

5 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalICCState


6 StructurallyEngineeredProject Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMFMALocal




7 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 ICCLocal



1.9Makepeopleawareofandfacilitatetheuseofsimplepreventionmeasuresincludingtheuseofsandbagsandotherdiversiondevicesduringstorms.9 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local1.10Createvegetativebufferzonesandrestorenaturalhabitatinlow-lyingareasanddivertfloodwatertonon-vulnerableareas.

10 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalPDMICC

1.11Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.11 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 Local

GOAL2:TheVillageofGenoawillemploymitigationactionstoreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstorms,includingstraight-linewindsandtornadoes.


12 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDMLOC


13 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC


14 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC

2.4Requiretheuseofappropriatebuildingmaterialsandpracticessostructuresareasresistantaspossibletothenegativeeffectsoffhighwindandtornado.


GOAL3:TheVillageofGenoawillengageinmitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andabandonedundergroundmines.


16 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCICCST




17 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCICCST


18 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021COGLOCICC

3.4Identifygeographicareaswhereabandonedundergroundgypsumandlimestoneminescausethepossibilityoflandsubsidenceandcollapse.

19 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCCOG

GOAL4:TheVillageofGenoawillemploymitigationactionsthereducedamagesfromutilityoutagesandsupplyshortages.


20 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCCDBG

4.2Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.21 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL5:TheVillageofGenoawillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofthepopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetodisastersandseverestorms.

5.1Maintainandimprovehardware,software,andcapitalequipmentusedtodeliverwarningsandnotificationofsevereweatherandotherhazards.

22 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCPDMCDBG

5.2Establishormaintainandeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformthemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.23 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.3Identifyandestablishadequatelocationstobeusedascommunitycentersandcomfortstationsduringextendedpoweroutagesorextremeweather.24 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.4Identifyandestablishagreementswithorganizationsorinstitutionstohouseandprotectresidentsduringseverestormsandotherdangerousincidents.25 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL6:TheVillageofGenoawillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionandfollowoperationalprocedures.

6.1Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservices,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformation,andotherappropriateactions.26 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC



6.2Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelife-savingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandothersduringsevereincidents.27 PropertyProtection FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.3Developamulti-partcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedureswarningsandnotification,andothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedtospecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.

28 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCCDBG

6.4Develop,utilizeandmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontactforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.29 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC3.3.5MarbleheadThepeninsulawhereMarbleheadistheonlyincorporatedjurisdictionisvulnerabletowaterfromthelakeaswindsbringitonshore,andvulnerabletoheavyprecipitationaswaterfallsfasterthanitcandrain.Locatedwherewindscancausehavoconbothbuildingsandinfrastructure,Marbleheadmustbeabletoprotectitselffromtheelementsandcommunicatequicklyandeffectivelywithalocal,fulltimepopulationandalsothousandsofvisitorswhoarriveandleavequicklyamidthesevereweatherseasonsinnorthernOhio.MarbleheadwillworkwithOttawaCountytoinsurethatwisedevelopmenttakesplace,andthatthemitigationstrategiesareadequatelyconsidered,budgeted,andimplementedtotheextentfundsexisttodoso.Thevillagezoninginspectorwillworkwiththemayor,councilandcountytoenforcetherulesthatexist,protectingthevillageandpropertyownersfromunreasonableriskandloss.Thecouncil’splanningcommitteewillworkwithcountyofficialsinlanduseplanningrevisions,economicdevelopmentconcerns,andcodecompliancefornewprojects.MarbleheadVillageCouncilwillworkwiththeOttawaCountyEMAandothercountyofficialstoimplement,maintain,andevaluatemitigationstrategyprogressonanannualbasis.

Table3-7:MarbleheadMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:TheVillageofMarbleheadwillengageinmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesfromcoastal,riverine,andflashflooding.

1.1Constructfloodwalls,dikes,dams,leveesorotherstructurestocontroltheflowofwaterontopropertiesduetoriverine,coastalandflashflooding.

1 StructurallyEngineeredProject Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMFMACDBGLocal

1.2Adopt,enforce,andmaintainlocalregulationsthatrequireconstructionpracticesthatresultincreationofsustainabledisaster-resistantstructuresinfloodproneareasoffloodzones.

2 PropertyProtection ZoningOfficer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LocalICC




3 Prevention ZoningOfficer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 ICCLOC


4 StructurallyEngineeredAction Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCICCOther

1.5Makepeopleawareofandfacilitatetheuseofsimplepreventionmeasuresincludingtheuseofsandbagsandotherdiversiondevicesduringstorms.5 Prevention FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.6Advocateandsupportlocalrequirementsforpropertyinsurance,includingfloodinsurancewhenapplicable.


1.7Utilizeelevationtoprotectpropertiesfromtheeffectsofflash,coastalandriverineflooding.

7 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDMFMA



1.9MaintainNFIPparticipationthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoinsureaccuracyofthemaps.9 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.10Engageinaprogramofwaterwaymaintenancethatremovesdebrisandobstructionsfromthewaterwaysbutallowsvegetationtoremaintoslowtheflowofwaterthroughthewaterway.

10 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC

1.11Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,feesandotherspecialprograms.11 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL2:TheVillageofMarbleheadwithemploymitigationactionstoreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstorms,includingstraight-linewindsandtornado.

2.1Advocateforthepropertrimmingandmaintenanceoftreesandothervegetationasawaytoreducedamagescausedbyhighwindortornado.12 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC2.2Establish,maintain,andenforceestablishedresidentialandcommercialbuildingcoderegulations,zoningrequirements,andotherlocalregulationsintendedtoreducevulnerabilitytodisasterdamages.

13 Prevention ZoningOfficer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC






15 PropertyProtection ZoningOfficer 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC

GOAL3:TheVillageofMarbleheadwillengageinmitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andabandonedundergroundmines.




17 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCCOGST

3.3Protectandsupportcoastalandriverbankslopestoreduceerosion,landsubsidence,andotherwinddamage.

18 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021COGLOCST

3.4Identifygeographicareaswhereabandonedundergroundgypsumorlimestoneminescausethepossibilityoflandsubsidenceandcollapse.


GOAL4:Marbleheadwillemploymitigationactionsthatreducedamagesforutilityoutagesandsupplyshortages.

4.1Advocateforthehardeningofutilitiesthroughdamageresistantinstallationbelowgrade,improvementstosupplylineandgenerationplants,andupgradeofsub-stationsandtransformers.

20 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCOther

4.2Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.

21 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCICCOther

4.3Identifyandestablishredundantsuppliersofheatingfuels,potablewater,andotherutilitiesnecessaryforsustaininglife.

22 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL5:TheVillageofMarbleheadwillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofitspopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetodisastersandseverestorms.

5.1Maintainandimprovehardware,software,andcapitalequipmentusedtodeliverwarningsandnotificationsofsevereweatherandhazards.



23 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCPDMCDBG

5.2Establishormaintain,andeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformthemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.24 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.3Establishwaterconservationandwateremergencyprocedurestobeusedduringwatershortagesandotherwateremergenciesforreasonsofdroughtorcontaminatedwatersupplies.25 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.4Identifyandestablishagreementswithorganizationsorinstitutionstohouseandprotectresidentsduringseverestormsandotherdangerousincidents.26 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.5Identifyandestablishadequatelocationstobeusedascommunitycentersandcomfortstationsduringextendedpoweroutagesorextremeweather.27 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL6:TheVillageofMarbleheadwillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionandfollowoperationalprocedures.

6.1Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelife-savingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandothersduringsevereincidents.28 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.2Developamulti-partcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedures,warningsandnotifications,andothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedtospecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.

29 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCCDBG

6.3Develop,utilize,andmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontactforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.30 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.4Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservices,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformation,andotherappropriateactions.31 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC3.3.6OakHarborOakHarborsitsonthebankofthePortageRiverasitwidensanddeepensinitsapproachtoLakeErie.Thewidthandstraighteningoftherivermakesitvulnerabletonorth-easterlywinds,drivingwaterbackfromthelakeallthewaytoOakHarborduringseverestorms,aswellasriverineandflashfloodingafterheavyprecipitation.Erosionofsoilsalongtheriverbankisasignificantproblemhere.Thisbedroomcommunityislocatedintheotherwisesafeharboramidbeautifultreesandfoliage,slightlylesspronetowinddamagethansomeoftheneighboringvillages.OakHarbor’svillageadministrator,planningcommission,andotherofficialswillworkwithOttawaCountytoengageinthemostsustainableandresilientdevelopmentplanningand



activities.Thevillagewillworktocomplywithzoningandlanduseregulations,andwillworktoseethatdevelopmentinthevillageisdoneinawaythatprotectspropertiesfromdamages.WhilethevillagehasnotadoptedOttawaCounty’sresidentialbuildingcodes,thevillagedoescomplywithcommercialbuildingcodesandlanduseplanningstandardssetbycountyandstateauthorities.Thevillagewillplanandimplementincompliancewiththesestandards,andwillworkwiththeEMADirectortoimplementthemitigationstrategiestothebestoftheirability.

Table3-8:OakHarborMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:TheVillageofOakHarborwillengageinmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesfromcoastal,riverine,andflashflooding.

1.1Preventconstructioninfloodzonesthatdoesnottakeintoconsiderationthelocation’svulnerabilityodamagesanddoesnotengageappropriatemitigationpractices

1 Prevention VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC


2 StructurallyEngineeredAction VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LocalICCOther

1.3Participateinwatershedmanagementprogramandorganizationstoreducevulnerabilitytoflooddamages.

3 NaturalResourceProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC


4 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021ICCLOCST


5 NaturalResourceProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC

1.6MaintainNFIPparticipationthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoinsureaccuracyofthemaps.6 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.7Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.7 Prevention VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.8Constructfloodwalls,dikes,dams,leveesorotherstructurestocontroltheflowofwaterontopropertiesduetoriverine,coastal,orflashflooding.

8 StructurallyEngineeredAction VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMFMALOC




9 StructurallyEngineeredAction VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMFMALOC

1.10Acquirepropertiesthatincurrepeatedflooddamage,andpurchasethepropertiesfromownerswhenmutuallyagreedtorelocateoccupantsoutoffloodriskareas.Thelandwillbemaintainedasnaturalhabitatinperpetuitytopreventfurtherdamage.

10 Prevention VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMSRLFMARFCLOC

1.11Advocateandsupportlocalrequirementsforpropertyinsurance,includingfloodinsurancewithapplicable.

11 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC


12 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDMHMGP

1.13Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.13 Prevention VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.14Createvegetativebufferzonesandrestorenaturalhabitatinlow-lyingareasanddivertfloodwatertonon-vulnerableareas.

14 NaturalResourceProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMLOCICC

GOAL2:TheVillageofOakHarborwillemploymitigationactionstoreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstorms,includingstraight-linewindsandtornadoes.

2.1Advocateforthepropertrimmingandmaintenanceoftreesandothervegetationasawaytoreducedamagescausedbyhighwindortornado.15 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC2.2Supportandadvocatefortheconstructionofsaferoomsforvulnerablestructures,includingsingleandmulti-familyhomesandneighborhoods.

16 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDMLOC


17 Prevention VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCICC

GOAL3:TheVillageofOakHarborwillengageinmitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andabandonedundergroundmines.


18 NaturalResourceProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCCOGST




19 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC’ICCST


20 NaturalResourceProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021COGLOCICC

GOAL4:TheVillageofOakHarborwillemploymitigationactionsthatreducedamagesfromutilityoutagesandsupplyshortages.


21 Prevention VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCCDBG

4.2Identifyandestablishredundantsuppliersofheatingfuels,potablewater,andotherutilitiesnecessaryforsustaininglife.22 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC4.3Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.23 Prevention VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL5:TheVillageofOakHarborwillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofitspopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetodisasterandseverestorms.

5.1Establishwaterconservationandwateremergencyprocedurestobeusedduringwatershortagesandotherwateremergenciesforreasonsofdroughtorcontaminatedwatersupplies.24 NaturalResourceProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.2Maintainandimprovehardware,software,andcapitalequipmentusedtodeliverwarningsandnotificationsofsevereweatherandotherhazards.

25 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCPDMCDBG

5.3Establishormaintainandeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformthemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.26 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.4Identifyandestablishagreementswithorganizationsorinstitutionstohouseandprotectresidentsduringseverestormsandotherdangerousincidents.27 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.5Identifyandestablishadequatelocationstobeusedascommunitycentersandcomfortstationsduringextendedpoweroutagesorextremeweather.28 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL6:TheVillageofOakHarborwillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionandfollowoperationalprocedures.



6.1Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelife-savingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandothersduringsevereincidents.29 PropertyProtection VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.2Developamulti-partcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedures,warningsandnotification,andothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedtospecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.

30 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCCDBG

6.3Develop,utilizeandmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontactforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.31 PublicInformation VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.4Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservices,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformation,andotherappropriateactions.32 PublicInformation VillageAdministrator 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC3.3.7PortClintonTheonlycityinOttawaCountysitsatthemouthofthePortageRiverasitentersLakeErie.Withanorthernborderofshoreline,thecityisbeatenbywind,water,anderosioneveryyeartosomedegree.Roadwaysandstreetsalongtheshorearesubjecttoerosionandflooding,asarethebusinessesandhomesaswell.Thiscitygoesfromabeautifulvacationspotonwarmsunnydaystoragingtempestuousportduringstorms.PortClintonistheonlycityinOttawaCounty,andisthehubofdevelopmenteffortsinthecounty.Thecity’smayorandSafetyandServiceDirectorwillworkwiththeircouncil,andthroughthecommitteesandcommissionsappointedbycouncilandthemayor,toengageinsmartdevelopmentthatisconducivetocreatingsustainableprojectsinthecommunity.Asthefull-timestaffmemberassignedtheseduties,theSafetyandServiceDirectorwillleadthecity’sparticipationinannualreviewsofbothcountywideandcitywidemitigationstrategies,andwillworktoensurethatthecity’sactionsarecompliantwiththestrategiessetforthinthemitigationplan.LakeErieisbothfriendandfoetoPortClinton;thecitywillconsiderthemitigationstrategiesasdevelopmentandgrowthplansandprojectsareimplementedandapproved.ThecitywillworkwiththeEMADirectortoincludethemitigationstrategiesinfutureplanningefforts,andtoenforcewhatiscurrentlyadoptedforprojectsunderway.

Table3-9:PortClintonMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:TheCityofPortClintonwillengageinmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesfromcoastal,riverine,andflashflooding.




1 NaturalResourceProtection SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

ICC1.2Adopt,enforceandmaintainlocalregulationsthatrequireconstructionpracticesthatresultincreationofsustainabledisasterresistantstructuresinfloodproneareasandfloodzones.

2 PropertyProtection SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

ICC1.3Maintain,repair,andreplaceasneededwatercontrolstructures,includingstormsewers,wastewaterpumpingstations,dams,andotherwatermanagementstructures.

3 StructurallyEngineeredAction SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

LOCICCCDBG


4 PropertyProtection SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

ICCLOCST


5 Prevention SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 ICC

LOC1.6Requiretheconstructionofreservoirsandretention/detentionpondstocontainrunoffinareasofre-development,newdevelopment,orexpansion.


PDMFMALOC

1.7Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.7 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.8MaintainNFIPparticipationthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoinsureaccuracyofthemaps.8 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.9Constructfloodwalls,dikes,dams,leveesorotherstructurestocontroltheflowofwaterontopropertiesduetoriverine,coastal,orflashflooding.


LOCPDMFMA


10 NaturalResourceProtection SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMLOCICC





PDMFMAHMGP





ICC

GOAL2:TheCityofPortClintonwillemploymitigationactionstoreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstorms,includingstraight-linewindsandtornadoes.



ICC2.2Establish,maintain,andenforceestablishedresidentialandcommercialbuildingcoderegulations,zoningrequirements,andotherlocalregulationsintendedtoreducevulnerabilitytodisasterdamages.

15 Prevention SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

ICC2.3Requiretheuseofappropriatebuildingmaterialsandpracticessostructuresareasresistantaspossibletothenegativeeffectsofhighwindandtornado.


ICC2.4Supportandadvocatefortheconstructionofsaferoomsforvulnerablestructures,includingsingleandmulti-familyhomesandneighborhoods.

17 PropertyProtection SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 PDM

LOC

GOAL3:TheCityofPortClintonwillengageinmitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andabandonedundergroundmines.



LOCICCST



COGLOCST



PDMICCLOCST



LOCCOGST





COGLOCICC

GOAL4:TheCityofPortClintonwillemploymitigationactionsthatreducedamagesfromutilityoutagesandsupplyshortages.



Other4.2Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.


4.3Identifyandestablishredundantsuppliersofheatingfuels,potablewater,andotherutilitiesnecessaryforsustaininglife.


GOAL5:TheCityofPortClintonwillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofitspopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetodisastersandseverestorms.

5.1Establishwaterconservationandwateremergencyprocedurestobesuedduringwatershortagesandotherwateremergenciesforreasonsofdroughtorcontaminatedwatersupplies.


Other5.2Maintainandimprovehardware,software,andcapitalequipmentusedtodeliverwarningsandnotificationofsevereweatherandotherhazards.

27 PublicInformation SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

LOCPDMCDBG

5.3Establishormaintainandeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformthemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.28 PublicInformation FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.4Identifyandestablishadequatelocationstobeusedascommunitycentersandcomfortstationsduringextendedpoweroutagesorextremeweather.


5.5Identifyandestablishagreementswithorganizationsorinstitutionstohouseandprotectresidentduringseverestormsandotherdangerousincidents.


5.6Participateinresearchstudiesanddatacollectionintendedtoidentifyandcharacterizetheeffectsofcontemporarynon-meteorologicalthreatsonthecommunity,suchasclimatechangeandwaterqualityissueslikealgaebloom.




GOAL6:TheCityofPortClintonwillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionsandfollowoperationalprocedures.

6.1Develop,utilizeandmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontactforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.

32 PublicInformation SafetyServiceDirector 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

6.2Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservices,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformation,andotherappropriateactions.


6.3Developamulti-partcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedures,warningandnotifications,andothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedspecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.


6.4Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelife0savingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandothersduringsevereincidents.


3.3.8Put-in-BayThisvacationlandvillagesitsonanislandinLakeErieapproximately20minutesfromthemainlandbyjet-poweredferry.ThevillagesitsonSouthBassIsland,oneofseveralsmallislandsinaconcentratedareatothenortheastofPortClinton.Althoughnearotherislands,theVillageofPut-in-Bayistheonlyincorporatedjurisdictiononanyoftheislands.ThrougheffortsofthePut-in-Baymayorandvillagecouncil,mitigationstrategieswillbeincludedinnewdevelopmentandgrowthintheislandvillage.Themayorandvillageadministratorwillleadeffortstoimplementandbudgetforthestrategiestheyidentified,andwillworktocompleteasmanyasfinanciallypossible.Thevillagecommittees,includingeconomicdevelopmentandplanningcommissions,willbeawareofandinclusiveofthemitigationactionsinthisplanastheyreviewandreviseothervillageplans.Theywillparticipateinannualmitigationplanreviews,assessmentofstrategyprogress,anddevelopmentoffuturegoals.

Table3-10:Put-in-BayMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:TheVillageofPut-in-Baywillengageinmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesfromcoastal,riverine,andflashflooding.

1.1Makepeopleawareofandfacilitatetheuseofsimplepreventionmeasuresincludingtheuseofsandbagsandotherdiversiondevicesduringstorms.1 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC





1.3Adopt,enforce,andmaintainlocalregulationsthatrequireconstructionpracticesthatresultincreationofsustainabledisasterresistantstructuresinfloodproneareasandfloodzones.


1.4Maintain,repairandreplaceasneededwatercontrolstructures,includingstormsewers,wastewaterpumpingstations,dams,andotherwatermanagementstructures.

4 StructurallyEngineeredAction Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCICCOther



1.6Constructfloodwalls,dikes,dams,leveesorotherstructurestocontroltheflowofwaterontopropertiesduetoriverine,coastal,orflashflooding.

6 StructurallyEngineeredAction Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMFMALOC


7 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021LOCPDMICC

1.8MaintainNFIPparticipationthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoinsureaccuracyofthemaps.8 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.9Utilizeelevationtoprotectpropertiesfromtheeffectsofflash,coastal,andriverineflooding.

9 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021PDMFMAHMGP



1.11Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.11 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.12Engageinaprogramofwaterwaymaintenancethatremovesdebrisandobstructionsfromthewaterwaysbutallowsvegetationtoremaintoslowtheflowofwaterthroughthewaterway.






1.14Acquirepropertiesthatincurrepeatedflooddamage,andpurchasethepropertiesfromownerswhenmutuallyagreedtorelocateoccupantsoutoffloodriskareas.Thelandwillbemaintainedasnaturalhabitatinperpetuitytopreventfurtherdamage.

14 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMSRLRFCLOC

1.15Utilizechanneldiversionormodification(widening,straightening,relining)tore-routetheflowofrunoffwhenothermeansofpreventionarenotfeasible.



16 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021ICCLOCST

GOAL2:TheVillageofPut-in-Baywillemploymitigationactionstoreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstorms,includingstraight-linewindsandtornadoes.





2.3Requiretheuseofappropriatebuildingmaterialsandpracticessostructuresareasresistantaspossibletothenegativeeffectstohighwindandtornado.




GOAL3:TheVillageofPut-in-Baywillengageinmitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andabandonedundergroundmines.


21 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021COGLOCST






23 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMICCLOCST





GOAL4:TheVillageofPut-in-Baywillemploymitigationactionsthatreducedamagesfromutilityoutagesandsupplyshortages.

4.1Identifyandestablishredundantsuppliersofheatingfuels,potablewater,andotherutilitiesnecessaryforsustaininglife.26 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC4.2Advocateforthehardeningofutilitiesthroughdamageresistantinstallationbelowgrade,improvementstosupplylineandgenerationplants,andupgradeofsubstationsandtransformers.


4.3Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.28 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL5:TheVillageofPut-in-Baywillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityofitspopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetodisastersandseverestorms.

5.1Establishwaterconservationandwateremergencyprocedurestobeusedduringwatershortagesandotherwateremergenciesforreasonsofdroughtorcontaminatedwatersupplies.29 NaturalResourceProtection Mayor LOC5.2Identifyandestablishadequatelocationstobeusedascommunitycentersandcomfortstationsduringextendedpoweroutagesorextremeweather.30 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.3Identifyandestablishagreementswithorganizationsorinstitutionstohouseandprotectresidentsduringseverestormsandotherdangerousincidents.31 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC5.4Maintainandimprovehardware,software,andcapitalequipmentusedtodeliverwarningsandnotificationsofsevereweatherandotherhazards.




5.5Establishormaintain,andeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformthemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.33 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL6:TheVillageofPut-in-Baywillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionsandfollowoperationalprocedures.

6.1Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelife-savingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandothersduringsevereincidents.34 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.2Developamulti-partcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedures,warnings,andnotifications,andothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedtospecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.

35 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOCCDBG

6.3Develop,utilizeandmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontactforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.36 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.4Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservices,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformation,andotherappropriateactions.37 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC3.3.9RockyRidgeRockyRidgesitshighatopalimestoneridgealongthenorthernsideofOttawaCounty.Duetoitspositionandlocation,thereisverylittlefloodingorpondingofwaterthattakesplaceinRockyRidge.Greatestvulnerabilityfortheverysmallvillageofafewhundredpeopleisisolationandexposuretotheelementofwind.Withlittletoprotectthecollectionofhomesontheridge,residentsmustbeabletosustainlifeontheirownduetothedistancefromanyothermetropolitanarea.Asthecounty’ssmallestvillage,RockyRidgehasaffirmeditsintenttoadopttheFEMAfloodplainmaps,anactionnottakenbeforebecausenoneofthevillageliesinanidentifiedfloodplain.However,theyhaverealizedthatparticipationbringswithitmanymorebenefitsandknowledgeofrisk,sothemayorwillleadthiseffortsoonafterthemitigationplanisadopted.Thevillagemayor,firechief,andothercouncilmemberswillworkcloselywiththeEMADirectortoaddressandaccomplishthestrategiesinthisplan,andtoincludethoseinitiativesinanyotherdevelopmentplansthatoccur.Understandingthatfewgrowthprojectsarecurrentlyintheplanningstage,RockyRidgeofficialswillmaintainclosecontactwithOttawaCountytoinsuretheresiliencyofthissmall,self-sufficientcommunity.



Table3-11:RockyRidgeMitigationGoalsandStrategiesPriority ActionType LeadAgency StartDate EndDate Funding

GOAL1:TheVillageofRockyRidgewillengageinmitigationactionsthatreducethedamagesfromcoastal,riverine,andflashflooding.



1.2MakePeopleawareofandfacilitatetheuseofsimplepreventionmeasuresincludingtheuseofsandbagsandotherdiversiondevicesduringstorms2 Prevention FireChief 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.3EstablishNFIPparticipationandmaintainthroughregularreviewoffloodmapsandfloodzonesandsustainlocalengagementtoensureaccuracyofthemaps.3 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC1.4Advocateandsupportlocalrequirementsforpropertyinsurance,includingfloodinsurancewhenapplicable.


1.5Acquirepropertiesthatincurrepeatedflooddamage,andpurchasethepropertiesfromownerswhenmutuallyagreedtorelocateoccupantsoutoffloodrisk.Thelandwillbemaintainedsnaturalhabitatinperpetuitytopreventfuturedamage.

5 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021

PDMHMGPFMALOC



1.7Usefinancialaidforfloodmitigationthroughgrants,fees,andotherspecialprograms.7 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL2:TheVillageofRockyRidgewillemploymitigationactionstoreducethedamagesincurredfromseverewindstorms,includingstraight-linewindsandtornadoes.











GOAL3:TheVillageofRockyRidgewillengageinmitigationactionstoreducetheerosionoftopsoilandthesubsidenceoflandfromflooding,highwinds,andabandonedundergroundmines.



3.2Engageinactionstoprotectandpreserveroadwaysexposedtoheavyrainfallorhighwindsthaterodeberms,deterioratesub-structuralsupportorcompromisetheintegrityofroads,bridges,culvertsandotherstructures.


GOAL4:TheVillageofRockyRidgeemploymitigationactionsthatreducedamagesfromutilityoutagesandsupplyshortages.



4.2Identifyandestablishredundantsuppliersofheatingfuels,potablewater,andotherutilitiesnecessaryforsustaininglife.15 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC4.3Establishandenforceregulationsthatmandateundergroundutilitiesforneworsignificantlyimprovedneighborhoodsandproperties.16 Prevention Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL5:TheVillageofRockyRidgewillconductmitigationactionstoreducethevulnerabilityoftispopulationtodamagesandcasualtyduetodisastersandseverestorms.



5.2Establishormaintain,andeducatethepublicaboutlocaldigitalwarningandnotificationsystemsthatinformthemofincomingsevereweatherandlife-threateningincidents.18 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC

GOAL6:TheVillageofRockyRidgewillcompletemitigationactionsthatenablerapidandeffectivecommunicationduringadisasterincidentforthepurposeofdirectingthepopulationtotakeprotectiveactionandfollowoperationalprocedures.

6.1Developinteroperableandeffectivecommunicationactionplansandmethodstocoordinatelife-savingeffortswithcommunitypartnersandothersduringsevereincidents.



19 PropertyProtection Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.2Educatethepublicaboutlocaldisasterhazardsandvulnerabilities,protectiveactions,availableservices,vulnerablepopulationsandavailableassistance,andotheremergencyproceduresusingavarietyofmeanstoincludemassandsocialmedia,printedinformationandotherappropriateactions.20 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.3Developamulti-partcommunicationsystemtoengagethecommunityinprotectiveactionprocedures,warningsandnotification,andothercriticallifesavinginformationrelatedtospecificdisasterincidentswhennecessary.21 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC6.4Develop,utilizeandmaintainacommunicationplanwiththepublictoincludemassmedia,socialmedia,anddirectcontactforemergencymanagementinformationbefore,duringandafterincidents.22 PublicInformation Mayor 01/01/2017 12/31/2021 LOC3.3.10StrategyDescriptorsEachstrategydevelopedbythejurisdictionsasassignedapriority,actiontype,leadagency,timeline,andfundingsource.Theseelementsaredescribedbelow.Whilethespecificinformationinthischartmaychangebeforeastrategyisimplemented,theexerciseofassigningtimelinesrequiredstakeholderstoevaluatecurrentresourcesandsupportprogramstodeterminehowtobestreducetheeffectsofdisaster.Publicinformationcampaigns,planenhancements,andtheestablishmentofemergencyprotectivemeasureswerethehighestpriorityandgenerallynotsignificantlyexpensive.Upgradingcommunicationandnotification/warningsystemswassecondbecausetheacquisitionofequipmentinvolvesprocurementandbudgetprocess,thereforetakingatleastonebudgetyear.Collaborationwithothergroupsandcomprehensiveactions,duetotheneedtobuildtrustandassociationbetweengroups,wouldtakelongertoaccomplishgoalsbecauseitinvolvedatwo-phaseactionplan.Lastonthecompletionlistwerestructuralprojectduetodesigntimerequirements,budgetneeds,anddependenceuponoutsidefundingsourcesthroughapplications.Theprioritiesoflifesafetyfirst,situationcontainmentsecond,andpropertyconservationcombinedwithbudgetandprocurementneedsweremajorfactorsintimelinedevelopment.PriorityPriorityidentifiestheorderofimportancejurisdictionsassignedtotheirstrategies.Strategiesmaynotbeaddressedinthisexactorder,dependingonavailabilityoffundsandothercircumstances.ActionTypeActiontypedescribesthekindofactivitydescribedinthestrategy.

• NaturalResourceProtection–Reducetheimpactsofnaturalhazardbypreservingorrestoringnaturalareasandtheirmitigationfunctions

• Prevention–Avoidhazardproblemsorstopimpactfromworsening• PropertyProtection–Protectstructuresbymodifyingorstrengtheningbuildingto

withstandimpact



• PublicInformation–Advisethepublicabouthazards,hazardousareas,andmitigationtechniquestoprotectpeopleandproperty

• StructurallyEngineeredProject–Lessentheimpactofahazardbymodifyingtheenvironmentorprogressionofthehazardeventthroughdesignedandengineeredprojects

LeadAgencyTheleadagencyistheentitychargedwithchampioningthestrategyandensuringthatjurisdictionofficialslookforopportunitiestocompletethestrategyoverthefive-yearplanningcycle.Thisagencymaynothavetheauthorityorpowertomakeastrategyintoaproject,norwouldtheagencynecessarilyberesponsibleforprojectoversightorcompletionshouldthestrategydevelopintoanactionableandfundedproject.Rather,theleadagencyisresponsibleforcoordinatingtheoveralleffortandplaysakeyroleinchampioningtheprojector,bydefault,istheentitymostappropriatetoleadprojectdevelopmentattheinitialstage.Ifthestrategybecomesafeasibleproject,thisagencyisnottheonlyentitythatwouldbeinvolvedinitsexecution,norisittheonlyentityinvolvedinkeepingthestrategyonthejurisdiction’sradar.Foraccountabilitypurposes,thestrategyisassignedtoasingleentity.Whenthestrategybecomesaproject,thejurisdictionwouldidentifyaprojectmanager;thispersonmayormaynotrepresenttheleadagencyassignedinthisplan.TimelineThetimelineidentifiesthetimeframeinwhichamitigationstrategycouldrealisticallybeimplemented.Theactualtimeframemayvaryfromwhatisdescribedinthisplandependingonavailabilityoffundingorchangesinprioritiesasothercriticalprojectsareadjustedtomeetevolvingcommunityneeds.Whentheplanwasdeveloped,thesetimelinesfitlogicallywithineachjurisdiction’sresourcesandsupportprograms.AsOttawaCountyreviewsthismitigationplanannually,thisinformationwillbereviewed,adjusted,andmodifiedasappropriate.FundingSourceMitigationstrategiescanbefundedthroughavarietyofsources.Dependingonthetypeandcostoftheproject,differentfundingsourceswillbeavailableandappropriate.

• CDBG–CommunityDevelopmentBlockGrants• FMA–FloodMitigationAssistanceGrant• PDM–Pre-DisasterMitigationGrant• HMGP–HazardMitigationGrantProgram• SRL–SevereRepetitiveLossGrant• RFC–RepetitiveFloodClaimsProgram• COG–CleanOhioGrant• ICC–IncreasedCostofCompliance• LOC–LocalFunds• ST–StateFunds• OTH–Other



3.4IMPLEMENTATIONTheidentifiedmitigationstrategiesaregeneralactionsthatcouldbetakentoreducethenegativeimpactofdisastersandlarge-scaleemergencies.Foranygivenstrategytobecomeanactionableitem,itmustbeconvertedtoaspecificprojectwithfunding,actionsteps,timelines,andprojectgoals.Forexample,ifarepetitivelosspropertyistobeacquiredanddemolishedandthepropertyownerrelocated,thatprojectmustbeginwiththeidentificationofthespecificpropertytobeacquiredandthefundingtobeutilizedfortheproject.Thepropertyownermustagreetoacceptthebuy-outandusethemoneytopurchaseanotherhome.Thejurisdictionmustacceptitsshareofcost,planningresponsibility,andprojectmanagementroles.Onlythencantheactualprojectbeexecuted.AsimilarprocessmustbefollowedforanyofthestrategiesidentifiedheretobecomeprojectsthatreducedisasterlossinOttawaCounty.TheEMAwillmonitortheimplementationofthesestrategiesthroughongoingcommunicationwithofficialsandstakeholders.Whengrantfundingopportunitiesarise,reasonableeffortswillbemadetosecurefunding.Forstrategiesthatmustbefundedthroughlocalbudgets,jurisdictionswillworkdiligentlytoidentifylocalfundingsourcesthatcanbeusedtoaddressdisastervulnerability.Whenfundingissecured,aprojecttimelinewillbedevelopedandactionablestepstakentocompletetheproject.Uponcompletion,effectivenesswillbeevaluatedbythejurisdictionandfindingssharedwiththeEMAandplanningteamforconsiderationindevelopingfutureprojects.Thegreatestvalueofthesestrategiesistheprocess,knowledge,andreasoningstakeholdersputintotheirdevelopment.Themitigationplanningprocessrequiredstakeholderstoworktogethertoevaluatehazardsandrisksintheircommunity.Theywererequiredtoexaminetheirlocalcommunity,predictwhereandhowdamageswouldoccur,andidentifyhowpotentialdamagescouldbereducedoreliminated.Thesolutions,intheformofmitigationgoalsandactionsthatwillultimatelydevelopintoprojects,hadtobedevelopedtomaximizebenefittothecommunitywhileminimizingcost.Thisprocessrequiredwholecommunityinvolvementsothatallwereappropriatelyrepresentedintheplanningprocess.Ultimately,OttawaCountyhasacomprehensivesetofwell-considered,relevantandeffectivesolutionstoproblemsthatarelikelytoarise.Asstakeholdersconsideredhowtosolvepotentialproblems,theybuiltacollaborativespirittosolvecommunity-wideproblems.Thesestrategieswereoriginalthoughtstoreducedisastervulnerabilityandlossatthelocallevel.Giventheavailabilityoffunding,personnel,andsupport,OttawaCountyanditsjurisdictionsarepositionedtomoveforwardandimplementstrategiestothebestoftheirabilitytoaccomplishthosegoals.Whatevermitigationactivitiesareachievedwillbewellthoughtout,logical,andreasonablebecauseofthecommunity-widehazardmitigationplanningprocess.



4.0PLANADOPTIONTocompletethemitigationplanningprocess,OttawaCountyfollowedtheformalprocessforstateandfederalplanreviewandlocaladoption.Thissectiondescribesthatprocessandincludesalldatesrelevanttoplanapproval,adoption,andexpiration.Adoptionresolutionsfromalljurisdictionsarealsoincluded.4.1FEDERALANDSTATEPLANAPPROVALAfterextensivereviewbystakeholdersandthecommunity,theOttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlanwassubmittedtotheOhioEmergencyManagementAgencyMitigationBranch(Mr.LuanNguyenandMr.SteveFerryman)onNovember22,2016.TheOhioEMAcompletedtheirreviewoftheplanonFebruary2,2017.TheContractorandEMAincorporatedOhioEMA’srecommendedrevisionsandpreparedtheplanforsubmissiontotheFederalEmergencymanagementAgency.TheplanwassubmittedtoFEMARegionVonFebruary2,2017.FEMAissuedconditionalplanapprovaltoOttawaCountyonJune16,2017.Fromthispoint,theEMAbegantopursueadoptionbythejurisdictions.4.2LOCALADOPTIONOnceconditionalplanapprovalwasreceived,OttawaCountybeganthelocalplanadoptionprocess.ThisbeganwithOttawaCountyformallyadoptingtheplan.UponadoptionbyOttawaCounty,theeightincorporatedjurisdictionswereaskedtoformallyadopttheplanthroughlegislation.Samplelegislationwasprovidedtoeachjurisdictiontoassistinthisprocess.Acompletelistofplanadoptionsbyjurisdictionisprovidedintable4-1.Adoptionresolutionsfromeachjurisdictionarealsoattachedtothissection.

Table4-1:JurisdictionAdoptionJurisdiction DateofAdoption

OttawaCounty 6/20/2017ClayCenter Elmore Genoa Marblehead OakHarbor PortClinton Put-in-Bay RockyRidge

Uponadoptionbythecounty,FEMAissuedfinalplanapprovalonJune23,2017.ThecompleteplanwasuploadedintotheOhioEMA’sSHARRPportal.

4-2 RichlandCounty,Ohio2016HazardMitigationPlan


4.3PLANEXPIRATIONUponfinalapprovalbyFEMA,theOttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlanwasassignedanexpirationdateofJune23,2022.Theprocesstomaintaintheplanwillbeongoingthroughoutthefive-yearperiod,asexplainedinsection1.0ThePlanningProcess.AdetailedplanofactionontheprocessOttawaCountywillutilizetoupdatetheplanbeforethe2022expirationdateshouldbeinplacebymid-2020.



5.0HAZARDANDVULNERABILITYDATA–APPENDIXA

TheinformationincludedinthisappendixsupplementsthediscussionofOttawaCounty’shazardsandvulnerabilitiesfromSection2:HazardIdentificationandRiskAssessment.Acompletelistofhistoricalincidentsofeachhazardisprovidedhere.Additionally,detaileddataontheanticipateddamagetoOttawaCountyfroma100-yearfloodandearthquake,perHAZUSestimates,isprovided.5.1HAZARDHISTORYDATATheNationalClimacticDataCenterhasmaintainedrecordsonweatherincidentsacrosstheUnitedStatessince1950.ThetablesbelowprovideacompletehistoryoftheincidentsinOttawaCountyfrom1950through2016.5.1.1DroughtandExtremeHeatTheseincidentsincludealloccurrencescategorizedasdroughtorextremeheat.

Hazard Location Date Injurie

s

Dea

ths

Prop

erty

Dam

age

Crop

Dam

age

Drought Ottawa(Zone) 08/01/1996 0 0 0 0Drought Ottawa(Zone) 06/01/1999 0 0 0 0Drought Ottawa(Zone) 07/01/1999 0 0 0 0Drought Ottawa(Zone) 08/01/1999 0 0 0 0Drought Ottawa(Zone) 09/01/1999 0 0 0 5M

5.1.2FloodThefloodincidentsidentifiedinthistableincludeeventsclassifiedasfloodandflashfloodthatoccurredinOttawaCountysinceJanuary1,1950.

Hazard Location Date Dea

ths

Injurie

s

Prop

erty

Dam

age

Crop

Dam

age

Flood Ottawa(Zone) 02/27/1996 0 0 0 0FlashFlood PortClinton 06/03/1996 0 0 10K 0FlashFlood OakHarbor 06/14/1996 0 0 0 0FlashFlood Southern 06/18/1996 0 0 0 0StormSurge/Tide ErieLakeshore 03/13/1997 0 0 50K 0FlashFlood Countywide 06/01/1997 0 0 90K 20KStormSurge/Tide LakeErieLakeshore 06/01/1997 0 0 200K 0FlashFlood Countywide 06/01/1997 0 0 30K 20KFlashFlood Countywide 06/30/1997 0 0 10K 5KStormSurge/Tide PortClinton 02/04/1998 0 0 75K 0



FlashFlood OakHarbor 02/17/1998 0 0 0 0StormSurge/Tide PortClinton 03/20/1998 0 0 100K 0StormSurge/Tide PortClinton 04/09/1998 0 0 2M 0Flood Ottawa(Zone) 01/04/2005 0 0 600K 0Flood Countywide 06/21/2006 0 0 250K 6MFlashFlood Countywide 06/21/2006 0 0 8M 0FlashFlood Countywide 06/22/2006 0 0 500K 0FlashFlood PortClinton 05/27/2009 0 0 2M 0Flood PortClinton 08/19/2011 0 0 2.5M 0Flood OakHarbor 09/08/2011 0 0 0 0

5.1.3SevereThunderstormThunderstormincidentsincludeeventsthatproducedanycombinationofhail,lightningandthunderstormwind;allhazardswerenotnecessarilypresentinallincidents.

Hazard Location Date Magnitude

Dea

ths

Injurie

s

Prop

erty

Dam

age

Crop

Dam

age

ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/24/1956 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 04/05/1957 75kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 06/06/1957 1” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/06/1957 80kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 04/24/1961 50kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/23/1962 70kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 08/08/1962 1.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 04/17/1963 1.25” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/24/1965 70kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/09/1966 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/09/1966 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 07/12/1966 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/15/1968 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/25/1968 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 06/19/1969 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/04/1969 52kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 09/08/1969 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/16/1971 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/03/1973 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 06/05/1973 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 06/16/1973 1.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/16/1973 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/26/1973 52kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 06/26/1973 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/03/1973 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/11/1974 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/04/1974 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 08/24/1975 60kts. 0 0 0 0



ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/12/1978 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/10/1979 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/13/1980 52kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/05/1980 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 09/13/1980 52kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 01/04/1980 70kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 05/27/1982 1.5” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/27/1982 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/15/1982 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/15/1982 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/15/1982 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 05/02/1983 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/02/1983 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 05/02/1983 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/02/1983 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/02/1983 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 07/01/1983 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/04/1983 61kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 03/28/1985 1.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 03/28/1985 1.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 05/15/1985 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 07/05/1985 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 08/07/1985 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 08/07/1985 52kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/06/1986 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/25/1986 54kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 06/19/1987 0.75” 0 3 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 08/02/1987 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/15/1988 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 07/23/1988 1.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 08/14/1988 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/31/1989 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/21/1989 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/02/1990 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 06/03/1990 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 03/27/1991 56kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/15/1991 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/07/1991 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/17/1992 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OttawaCounty 06/17/1992 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 07/14/1992 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind EastPortion 08/28/1994 0kts. 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind EastPart 05/28/1995 0kts. 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind OttawaCounty 05/28/1995 0kts. 0 0 25K 0Hail Graytown 06/26/1995 0.88” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 06/28/1995 0kts. 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 07/13/1995 0kts. 0 0 40K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 07/15/1995 0kts. 0 0 5K 0



ThunderstormWind Commerce 07/25/1995 61kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Picher 07/25/1995 52kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Williston 08/12/1995 0kts. 0 0 6K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/13/1995 0kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/17/1995 0kts. 0 0 2K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 04/12/1996 0kts. 0 0 0 0Hail Countywide 04/12/1996 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 07/07/1996 50kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 10/30/1996 55kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 05/18/1997 0 0 3K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 06/21/1997 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 06/25/1997 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 07/14/1997 0 0 3K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 08/16/1997 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 03/28/1998 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 05/31/1998 0 0 4K 0ThunderstormWind CatawbaIsland 05/31/1998 52kts. 0 0 0 0Hail Elmore 06/12/1998 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 06/12/1998 0 0 2K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 06/24/1998 80kts. 0 0 3M 1MHail Elmore 06/27/1998 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 06/30/1998 0 0 0.5K 0Hail Genoa 07/19/1998 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Graytown 07/19/1998 0 0 75K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 07/21/1998 0 0 50K 0ThunderstormWind ClayCenter 07/21/1998 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 07/21/1998 0 0 10K 0Hail PortClinton 07/21/1998 1.0” 0 0 0 0Lightning Genoa 08/24/1998 0 0 14K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 08/25/1998 0 0 7K 0Lightning Graytown 09/07/1998 0 0 45K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 11/10/1998 0 0 40K 0Hail OakHarbor 06/12/1999 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Graytown 07/06/1999 0 0 30K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 07/17/1999 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 07/21/1999 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 07/28/1999 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 10/13/1999 0 0 50K 0Lightning Lakeside 10/13/1999 0 0 20K 0Lightning Countywide 04/20/2000 0 0 20K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 05/09/2000 0 0 100K 0Hail Genoa 05/09/2000 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 06/14/2000 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind CatawbaIsland 07/14/2000 61kts. 0 0 120K 0Hail Genoa 07/29/2000 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Williston 7/29/2000 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 08/02/2000 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Graytown 08/06/2000 0 0 5K 0



Hail Williston 08/06/2000 0.88” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 09/20/2000 0 0 40K 0Hail OakHarbor 04/07/2001 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 04/07/2001 0 0 30K 0Hail OakHarbor 04/07/2001 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 07/29/2001 0 0 25K 0ThunderstormWind Williston 10/24/2001 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 05/25/2002 0 0 50K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 05/25/2002 0 0 15K 0ThunderstormWind Williston 05/25/2002 0 0 3K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 05/25/2002 0 0 3K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 06/21/2002 0 0 125K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 07/22/2002 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 07/28/2002 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 07/28/2002 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind CatawbaIsland 07/29/2002 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 07/29/2002 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 08/04/2002 0 0 100K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/22/2002 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Marblehead 09/14/2002 0 0 25K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 09/19/2002 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 03/28/2003 45kts. 0 0 75K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 04/04/2003 50kts. 0 0 15K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 04/20/2003 50kts. 0 0 200K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 07/07/2003 50kts. 0 0 25K 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 07/08/2003 50kts. 0 0 50K 0Hail OakHarbor 07/21/2003 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Marblehead 08/02/2003 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 08/04/2003 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Elmore 08/21/2003 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Williston 05/07/2004 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 05/21/2004 50kts. 0 0 50K 0Hail PortClinton 05/21/2004 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind CatawbaIsland 06/09/2004 50kts. 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Marblehead 06/14/2000 50kts. 0 0 8K 0ThunderstormWind Williston 06/17/2004 50kts. 0 0 3K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 07/22/2004 50kts. 0 0 2K 0ThunderstormWind Trowbridge 05/13/2000 50kts. 0 0 20K 0Hail OakHarbor 05/13/2005 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 06/05/2005 50kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 06/08/2005 50kts. 0 0 8K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 06/14/2005 50kts. 0 0 100K 0Hail OakHarbor 06/29/2005 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Martin 06/30/2005 50kts. 0 0 3K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 07/18/2005 50kts. 0 0 4K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 11/06/2005 50kts. 0 0 15K 0Hail OakHarbor 05/25/2006 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Elmore 05/25/2006 0.75” 0 0 0 0



Hail PortClinton 05/30/2006 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Lacarne 05/31/2006 50kts. 0 0 8K 0Hail OakHarbor 06/19/2006 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 06/19/2006 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 06/19/2006 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail PortClinton 06/19/2006 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Countywide 06/21/2006 50kts. 0 0 80K 0Hail Williston 03/14/2007 0/88” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 03/14/2007 0.88” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Lacarne 03/14/2007 50kts. 0 0 5K 0Hail Danbury 03/14/2007 0.88” 0 0 0 0Hail Marblehead 03/14/2007 0.88” 0 0 0 0Hail Marblehead 03/14/2007 0.88” 0 0 0 0Hail Elmore 05/01/2007 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Graytown 05/15/2007 50kts. 0 0 35K 0ThunderstormWind PutInBay 05/15/2007 51kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 05/30/2007 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Williston 06/08/2007 50kts. 0 0 8K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 06/08/2007 50kts. 0 0 3K 0ThunderstormWind Williston 06/27/2007 50kts. 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 07/27/2007 50kts. 0 0 3K 0Hail OakHarbor 02/05/2008 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind ClayCenter 06/09/2008 60kts. 0 0 350K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 06/09/2008 52kts. 0 0 0 0Hail RockyRidge 06/13/2008 1.0” 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 06/13/2008 55kts. 0 0 15K 0Hail OakHarbor 06/21/2008 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Genoa 06/22/2008 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Marblehead 06/22/2008 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail PutInBay 06/22/2008 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 06/23/2008 50kts. 0 0 2K 0Hail Elmore 06/23/2008 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 06/28/2008 50kts. 0 0 3K 0Hail Lakeshore 07/02/2008 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 07/08/2008 50kts. 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 07/08/2008 59kts. 0 0 0 0Hail CatawbaIsland 08/01/2008 0.88” 0 0 0 0Hail Marblehead 08/01/2008 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 06/19/2009 50kts. 0 0 2K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 06/25/2009 50kts. 0 0 4K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 06/25/2009 50kts. 0 0 15K 0ThunderstormWind CatawbaIsland 06/25/2009 50kts. 0 0 15K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 06/25/2009 50kts. 0 0 15K 0Hail OakHarbor 07/23/2009 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Genoa 05/05/2010 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 05/05/2010 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 05/05/2010 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail PortClinton 05/07/2010 0.88” 0 0 0 0



Hail PortClinton 05/07/2010 0.88” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 05/07/2010 50kts. 0 0 2K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 06/05/2010 50kts. 0 0 25K 0ThunderstormWind Williston 06/06/2010 50kts. 0 0 150K 0Hail ElmoreHaarFldAirport 06/23/2010 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 06/23/2010 50kts. 0 0 15K 0Hail PortClinton 07/28/2010 1.0” 0 0 1K 0Hail PortClinton 07/28/2010 0.88” 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/11/2010 50kts. 0 0 15K 0Hail Genoa 08/15/2010 1.25” 0 0 20K 0Hail Genoa 08/15/2010 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Genoa 08/15/2010 1.0” 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 08/15/2010 50kts. 0 0 3K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 08/15/2010 50kts. 0 0 75K 0Hail Elmore 08/15/2010 0.75” 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 08/15/2010 50kts. 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/15/2010 50kts. 0 0 15K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/15/2010 50kts. 0 0 70K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/15/2010 50kts. 0 0 50K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/15/2010 53kts. 0 0 1K 0Hail OakHarbor 03/23/2011 0.25” 0 0 1K 0Hail Genoa 03/23/2011 0.25” 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 05/23/2011 52kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 05/23/2011 56kts. 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 05/25/2011 50kts. 0 0 10K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 05/29/2011 50kts. 0 5 20K 0Hail CatawbaIsland 05/29/2011 1.75” 0 0 150K 0Hail RockyRidge 07/18/2011 0.25” 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 07/18/2011 50kts. 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 07/18/2011 50kts. 0 0 20K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 07/22/2011 50kts. 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 07/22/2011 50kts. 0 0 20K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 07/23/2011 50kts. 0 0 40K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 07/23/2011 50kts. 0 0 2K 0Hail Genoa 08/01/2011 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 08/01/2011 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 08/24/2011 50kts. 0 0 5K 0ThunderstormWind Lakeside 09/03/2011 50kts. 0 0 150K 0Hail Genoa 03/15/2012 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail Graytown 03/15/2012 0.88” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 03/15/2012 0.88” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 03/15/2012 0.88” 0 0 0 0Hail PortClinton 03/15/2012 0.88” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 03/15/2012 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 06/18/2012 50kts. 0 0 0 0Hail PortClinton 07/01/2012 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 07/01/2012 1.25” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind CatawbaIsland 07/01/2012 65kts. 0 0 600K 0



Hail CatawbaIsland 07/01/2012 2.5” 0 0 750L 50KHail Violet 07/01/2012 1.75” 0 0 0 0Hail PortClinton 07/01/2012 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail PortClinton 07/01/2012 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Gypsum 07/01/2012 62kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 07/04/2012 1.0” 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 07/04/2012 0.88” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 07/04/2012 50kts. 0 0 2K 0ThunderstormWind ElmoreHaarFldAirport 08/04/2012 50kts. 0 0 2K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/04/2012 52kts. 0 0 0 0Hail Marblehead 04/10/2013 1.0” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind CatawbaIsland 06/25/2013 50kts. 0 0 6K 0ThunderstormWind Violet 06/27/2013 50kts. 0 0 8K 0Hail PortClinton 06/28/2013 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 07/09/2013 50kts. 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 08/31/2013 50kts. 0 0 10K 0Hail OakHarbor 08/31/2013 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Genoa 11/17/2013 50kts. 0 0 10K 0Hail PortClinton 05/21/2014 0.75” 0 0 0 0Hail Danbury 07/30/2014 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 11/24/2014 50kts. 0 0 2K 0ThunderstormWind PortClinton 05/26/2015 50kts. 0 0 75K 0ThunderstormWind CatawbaIsland 05/26/2015 50kts. 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind Elmore 05/27/2015 50kts. 0 0 1K 0ThunderstormWind OakHarbor 05/27/2015 50kts. 0 0 0 0Hail OakHarbor 06/30/2015 0.75” 0 0 0 0ThunderstormWind Williston 09/03/2015 50kts. 0 0 3K 0

5.1.4TornadoConfirmedtornadoesandfunnelcloudsoccurringinOttawaCountysince1950arelistedbelow.

Hazard Location Date Fujita Dea

ths

Injurie

s

Prop

erty

Dam

age

Crop

Dam

age

Tornado OttawaCounty 05/11/1959 F0 0 0 0.25K 0Tornado OttawaCounty 05/11/1974 F1 0 0 250K 0Tornado OttawaCounty 06/10/1986 F1 0 0 1.5M 0Tornado OttawaCounty 07/12/1992 F2 0 0 2.5M 0Tornado OttawaCounty 07/12/1992 F0 0 0 0 0Tornado PortClinton 06/24/1998 F2 0 13 20M 5MTornado PortClinton 11/10/2002 F2 0 4 13.5M 0Tornado OakHarbor 10/14/2003 F0 0 0 0 25KTornado ClayCenter 06/05/2010 EF3 0 0 2.4M 0Tornado Lacarne 04/19/2011 EF0 0 0 100K 0Tornado ElmoreHaarFldAirport 11/17/2013 EF1 0 0 50K 0



5.1.5WindstormIncidentsidentifiedaswindstormsarelimitedtowind-onlyevents.Eventsinwhichseverewindoccurredalongwithanotherhazards,suchaswinterweatherorseverethunderstorms,areidentifiedundertheprimaryhazard.

Hazard Location Date Magnitude Dea

ths

Injurie

s

Prop

erty

Dam

age

Crop

Dam

age

HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 01/27/1996 50kts. 0 0 0 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 01/29/1996 50kts 0 0 15K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/10/1996 50kts 0 0 2K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 03/25/1996 50kts. 0 0 3K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 04/25/1996 52kts. 0 0 0 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 10/30/1996 50kts. 0 0 75K 50KHighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/21/1997 50kts. 0 0 1K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/27/1997 50kts. 0 0 0 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 05/01/1997 53kts. 0 0 2K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 11/10/1998 0 0 20K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 11/11/1998 0 0 5K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 05/06/1999 0 0 3K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 06/29/1999 0 15 3K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 12/11/2000 0 0 200K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/09/2001 0 0 10K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/25/2001 0 0 200K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 04/12/2001 0 0 100K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 10/25/2001 0 1 35K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/01/2002 0 0 20K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 03/09/2002 0 0 500K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/12/2003 50kts. 0 0 900K 0StrongWind Ottawa(Zone) 05/11/2003 40kts. 0 0 50K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 11/12/2003 50kts. 0 0 60K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 03/05/2004 50kts. 0 0 100K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 10/30/2004 50kts. 0 0 35K 0StrongWind Ottawa(Zone) 11/27/2004 35kts. 0 0 10K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 12/01/2004 56kts. 0 0 25K 0StrongWind Ottawa(Zone) 12/07/2004 43kts. 0 0 10K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 11/06/2005 50kts. 0 0 25K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/17/2006 50kts. 0 0 50K 0StrongWind Ottawa(Zone) 03/10/2006 40kts. 0 0 10K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 12/01/2006 50kts. 0 0 2K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 12/23/2007 50kts. 0 0 6K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 12/23/2007 50kts. 0 0 20K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 01/30/2008 55kts. 0 0 20K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 09/14/2008 52kts. 0 0 1.5M 500KHighWind Ottawa(Zone) 02/11/2009 52kts. 0 0 300K 0



HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 12/09/2009 52kts. 0 0 300K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 10/26/2010 50kts. 0 0 10K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 04/28/2011 50kts. 0 0 100K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 01/17/2012 51kts. 0 0 0 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 03/02/2012 52kts. 0 0 0 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 03/02/2012 50kts. 0 0 50K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 03/02/2012 54kts. 0 0 0 0StrongWind Ottawa(Zone) 10/29/2012 40kts. 0 0 5K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 10/29/2012 52kts. 0 0 700K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 11/24/2014 52kts. 0 0 200K 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 11/24/2014 54kts. 0 0 0 0HighWind Ottawa(Zone) 11/12/2015 51kts. 0 0 25K 0

5.1.6WinterStormWinterstormeventsincludeincidentsclassifiedasblizzard,cold/extremecold/windchill,icestorm,orwinterstormthatoccurredinOttawaCountysince1950.

Hazard Location Date Dea

ths

Injurie

s

Prop

erty

Dam

age

Crop

Dam

age

WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/02/1999 0 2 15K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 03/11/2000 0 0 15K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 12/13/2000 0 0 150K 0IceStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/30/2002 0 0 500K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 03/24/2002 0 0 50K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 03/26/2002 0 0 100K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/04/2004 0 0 125K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/26/2004 0 0 300K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 12/22/2004 0 0 1M 0IceStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/05/2005 0 0 600K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/22/2005 0 0 300K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 02/13/2007 0 0 75K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 12/15/2007 0 0 150K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 02/25/2008 0 0 100K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 03/07/2008 0 0 300K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 12/19/2008 0 0 30K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/09/2009 0 0 100K 0ExtremeCold/WindChill Ottawa(Zone) 01/15/2009 0 0 0 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/27/2009 0 0 125K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 02/09/2010 0 0 200K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 02/01/2011 0 0 250K 0ExtremeCold/WindChill Ottawa(Zone) 03/27/2012 0 0 0 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 01/05/2014 0 0 200K 0ExtremeCold/WindChill Ottawa(Zone) 01/06/2014 0 0 0 0ExtremeCold/WindChill Ottawa(Zone) 01/28/2014 0 0 0 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 02/04/2014 0 0 150K 0



WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 03/12/2014 0 0 200K 0WinterStorm Ottawa(Zone) 02/01/2015 0 0 300K 0ExtremeCold/WindChill Ottawa(Zone) 02/15/2015 0 0 0 0

5.2HAZUSLOSSESTIMATESHAZUSisanationallyacceptedmethodologythatutilizesU.S.CensusandlocalGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)datatoestimatelossesforearthquakes,hurricanes,andfloods.BecausefloodsandearthquakesareidentifiedasrisksforOttawaCounty,HAZUSwasusedtogenerateandevaluatethecounty’svulnerabilitytotheseincidents.EstimatesfromHAZUSweregeneratedusing2010U.S.CensusBureaudata,whichcalculatedthepopulationofOttawaCountyas41,428.Thisfigureisslightlyhigherthanthe2015estimateof40,077.Thenumberandvaluationofbuildingsutilizedinthesescenariosisalsoslightlydifferentthanthecurrentinformation.Noneofthesedifferences,however,aresignificantenoughtohaveasubstantialimpactontheresults.5.2.1FloodToevaluateOttawaCounty’svulnerabilitytoflood,a100-yearfloodscenariowasutilizedtogeneratelossestimates.Forafloodofthismagnitude,thedamagetoOttawaCountywouldbesignificant.Theincidentwouldexposeasignificantportionofthecounty’sbuildingstodamage.Table5-1identifiesbuildingsbyoccupancytypeforallofOttawaCountyandthoseexposedtoriskinthisscenario.

Table5-1:BuildingOccupancyType

OccupancyOttawaCounty 100-YearFloodScenario

Exposure($1000) PercentofTotal Exposure($1000) PercentofTotalResidential 5,521,684 78.8% 1,207,501 82.9%Commercial 893,587 12.8% 156,620 10.8%Industrial 301,032 4.3% 54,948 3.8%Agricultural 44,163 0.6% 11,215 0.8%Religion 106,911 1.5% 10,944 0.8%Government 63,408 0.9% 8,051 0.6%Education 76,905 1.1% 7,213 0.5%Total 7,007,690 100.0% 1,456,492 100.0%



EssentialFacilityInventoryEssentialfacilitiesarehealthcarefacilitieslikehospitalsandclinics,fireandEMSstations,policestations,andoperationsanddispatchcenters.Schoolsareincludedinessentialfacilities.EssentialfacilitiesinOttawaCountyareidentifiedinTable5-2.

Table5-2:EssentialFacilityInventoryFacilityType Number

Hospital 1(33beds)Schools 24FireStations 10PoliceStations 13

EstimatedBuildingDamagePerHAZUSestimates,60buildingwillsustainatleastmoderatedamage.Thisaccountsfor18%ofthetotalbuildingsidentifiedforthescenario.Additionally,1buildingislikelytobecompletelydestroyed.Tables5-3and5-4identifytheanticipatedbuildingdamagebasedonoccupancytypeandbuildingtype.

Table5-3:ExpectedBuildingDamagebyOccupancy

OccupancyPercentDamaged

1-10% 11-20% 21-30% 31-40% 41-50% >50%Agriculture 0 0 0 0 0 0Commercial 0 1 0 0 0 0Education 0 0 0 0 0 0Government 0 0 0 0 0 0Industrial 0 0 0 0 0 0Religious 0 0 0 0 0 0Residential 0 26 23 1 8 1Total 0 27 23 1 8 1

Table5-4:ExpectedBuildingDamagebyBuildingType

BuildingTypePercentDamaged

1-10% 11-20% 21-30% 31-40% 41-50% >50%Concrete 0 0 0 0 0 0ManufacturedHousing 0 0 0 0 6 4Masonry 0 3 2 0 0 0Steel 0 7 3 0 0 0Wood 0 23 21 1 2 1Total 0 33 26 1 8 5

Basedonthisscenario,HAZUSdoesnotpredictthatanycriticalfacilitieswillsustainmoderateorsignificantdamage.Therefore,itisanticipatedthatthehospitalbeds,emergencyservices,andinstitutionalservicesnormallypresentinthecountywouldcontinuetobefunctionalina100-yearfloodscenario.



Table5-5:ExpectedDamagetoEssentialFacilities

Classification Total ModerateDamage

SubstantialDamage LossofUse

FireStations 10 0 0 0Hospitals 1 0 0 0PoliceStations 13 0 0 0Schools 24 0 0 0

ShelterRequirementsWhenfloodingforcespeoplefromtheirhomes,somewillseekrefugeatapublicshelter.Inthisincident,itisanticipatedthat273householdswouldbedisplacedandapproximately205peoplewouldseektemporaryshelter.BuildingRelatedLossesThetotaleconomiclossfortheidentified100-yearfloodeventisestimatedtobe$22.53M.Building-relatedlossesareseparatedintotwolosscategories:directbuildinglossandbusinessinterruptionloss.Buildinglossesincludestructuraldamageanddamagetocontents.Businessinterruptionlossesincludethecostsassociatedwithnotbeingabletoconductnormalbusiness,displacedworkers,andlostopportunities.Table5-6providesasummaryoftheanticipatedlosses.

Table5-6:Building-RelatedEconomicLossEstimatesArea Residential Commercial Industrial Others Total

BuildingLossBuilding 9.25 1.26 0.22 0.21 10.93Content 5.37 4.39 0.50 1.15 11.42Inventory 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.10BusinessInterruptionIncome 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03Relocation 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01RentalIncome 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Wage 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.05Total 14.63 5.71 0.78 1.40 22.53

5.2.2EarthquakeThesimulatedearthquakeepicenterwasassumedtobeinsidetheCityofPortClinton,OttawaCounty’smostpopulatedjurisdiction,foraworst-casescenario.Themagnitudeofthesimulatedearthquakemeasured5.4ontheRichterScale.TheHazuslossestimationprogramutilized2010U.S.Censusdataforthisscenario.Thereareanestimated27,000buildingsinthecountywithareplacementvalueof$7,007M.CriticalFacilityInventoryHAZUSseparatescriticalfacilitiesintoessentialfacilitiesandhighpotentialloss(HPL)facilities.Essentialfacilitiesarehealthcarefacilitieslikehospitalsandclinics,fireandEMSstations,police



stations,andoperationsanddispatchcenters.Schoolsareincludedinessentialfacilities.HPLfacilitiesincludedams,levees,nuclearpowerplants,militaryinstallationsandhazardousmaterialsites.

Table5-7:CriticalFacilityInventoryEssentialFacilities HighPotentialLossFacilities

FacilityType Number FacilityType NumberHospital 1(33beds) HazardousMaterialsSites 12Schools 24 NuclearPowerPlant 1FireStations 10 PoliceStations 13

TransportationandUtilityLifelineInventoryLifelinesystemsaredefinedastransportationandutilities.Transportationsystemsincludehighways,railways,andairports.OttawaCountyhassevenidentifiedtransportationsystem.Utilitysystemsincludewatertreatmentandpotablewaterplants,wastewatertreatmentplants,naturalgassuppliers,fueloilsuppliers,electricalpowerplants,andcommunicationshubs.TherearesixutilitysystemsinOttawaCounty.Thetotalvalueofthetheselifelinesystemsexceeds$2,555.00Mandincludesmorethan169kmofhighways,69bridges,and3,165kmofpipes.

Table5-8:TransportationSystemInventorySystem Components Quantity ReplacementValue

Highways Bridges 68 $111.50M Segments 59 $935.70MRailways Bridges 1 $0.10M Segments 87 $104.30MBus Facilities 1 $1.10MFerry Facilities 5 $6.70MAirport Facilities 4 $42.60M Runways 5 $189.80MTotal $1,391.80M

Table5-9:UtilitySystemInventory

System Components Quantity ReplacementValuePotableWater DistributionLines N/A $37.40MWasteWater DistributionLines N/A $22.40M Facilities 15 $1,049.00MNaturalGas DistributionLines N/A $15.00MElectricalPower Facilities 1 $115.50MCommunication Facilities 2 $0.20MTotal $1,239.50M



BuildingDamageTheestimatedbuildingdamageaccordingtoHAZUSisextensive.Thenumberofbuildingsprojectedtosustainmoderatedamageis6,053,approximately22%ofallbuildingsinthecounty.Itisestimatedthat459buildingswouldbedestroyed.Table5-10summarizestheanticipatedbuildingdamages.

Table5-10:ExpectedBuildingDamagebyOccupancyOccupancy None Slight Moderate Extensive Complete

Agriculture 93 25 27 14 4Commercial 573 228 250 124 40Education 25 7 7 3 1Government 40 14 17 8 3Industrial 168 60 73 41 13OtherResidential 1,387 984 1,470 805 189Religion 60 21 19 10 3SingleFamilyResidential 13,346 4,145 2,114 613 206Total 15,693 5,485 3,977 1,617 460

Dependingonthetypeofbuildingconstruction,damagefromanearthquakecanbemoreorlessserious.Basedoncommontypesofconstruction,thescenarioisextrapolatedintodamageaccordingtotypeofconstructiontype.

Table5-11:ExpectedBuildingDamagebyBuildingTypeBuildingType None Slight Moderate Extensive Complete

Wood 11,644 3,448 1,326 181 14Steel 274 84 134 85 25Concrete 79 25 30 15 3Precast 70 19 31 24 6ReinforcedMasonry 34 8 13 9 2UnreinforcedMasonry 2,708 1,115 1,086 535 234ManufacturedHousing 885 788 1,358 768 176Total 15,693 5,485 3,977 1,617 460

EssentialFacilityDamageAccordingtoHAZUSestimates,only1ofthecounty’s33hospitalbeds(4%)wouldbeavailableandfunctionalonthedayoftheearthquake.Thesewouldbeneededbypatientsalreadyhospitalizedatthetimeoftheearthquakeandbythoserequiringhospitalizationforinjuriessustainedintheincident.Oneweekpost-quake,itisestimatedthat10%ofthesebedswouldbeavailable.Bythe30-daymark,anestimated32%wouldbefullyfunctional.AnticipateddamagetootheressentialfacilitiesisdetailedinTable5-12.



Table5-12:ExpectedDamagetoEssentialFacilitiesClassification Total Moderate

Damage>50%CompleteDamage

>50%WithFunctionality>50%onDay1

Hospitals 1 1 0 0Schools 24 3 0 11PoliceStations 13 4 0 4FireStations 10 2 0 4

TransportationandUtilityLifelineDamagePerHAZUSestimates,allhighways,bridges,railways,andrailbridgeswillhavemorethan50%functionalityonthefirstdayafteranearthquake,andwillcontinuetoexperiencegreaterthan50%functionthroughouttherecoveryperiod.Limiteddamagetothesetransportationsystemsisexpected.Allbusstations,ferrydocks,andairportsarealsoexpectedtohaveatleast50%functionalityimmediatelyfollowingtheincident.Itisanticipated,however,that1ferrydockand1airportwillsustainatleastmoderatedamage.Thisdamageisnotexpectedtopreventthemfromfunctioning.Tables5-13and5-14describetheanticipateddamagetoutilitysystemfacilitiesandpipelines.

Table5-13:ExpectedUtilitySystemFacilityDamage

System TotalModerateDamage

CompleteDamage

Day1>50%Functionality

Day7>50%Functionality

WasteWater 15 5 0 3 15ElectricalPower 1 1 0 0 1Communication 2 0 0 2 2

Table5-14:ExpectedUtilitySystemPipelineDamage

Utility TotalPipeline AnticipatedLeaks AnticipatedLineBreaksWater 1,870km 152 38Wastewater 1,122km 109 27NaturalGas 748km 31 8

Electricalserviceismorechallengingandtimeconsumingtorestore.Table5-15outlinesthenumberofcustomersanticipatedtobewithoutelectricservicefollowingtheincident.Thereare17,503totalhouseholdsinthecounty.

Table5-15:ExpectedElectricPowerSystemPerformanceDaysPost-Event HouseholdsWithoutService PercentageofTotalDay1 6,011 34.3%Day3 4,265 24.4%Day7 2.049 11.7%Day30 446 2.5%Day90 7 0.04%



Post-IncidentFireRiskBecausethereisoftenlimitedwatersupplyfollowinganearthquake,firescanbeasignificanthazard.HAZUSestimatesthenumberoffiresthatwouldoccurbasedupontheprospectofwaternotbeingavailabletofightfiresandanabundanceofspontaneousignition.Accordingtotheseestimates,nofireignitionsareprobableandnodamageorlossisanticipated.DebrisGenerationTheamountofdebrisgeneratedbyanearthquakecanbesubstantial.HAZUSclassifiesdebrisintotwotypesbasedonthehandlingequipmentrequired:brick/woodandreinforcedconcrete/steel.Inthegivenscenario,atotalof0.19milliontonsofdebrisisanticipated.Brick/woodwouldcomprise54%ofthatamount.Whenconvertingthesetotalstotruckloads,debrisremovalwouldrequire7,720truckloads,assuming25tonspertruck.ShelterNeedsTemporarypublicsheltersareoftennecessarypost-quaketoprovidehousingforpeopledisplacedbytheevent.HAZUSestimatesthat329householdswouldbedisplacedand177peoplewouldseekhousinginatemporaryshelter.CasualtiesThenumberofpeopleestimatedtobeinjuredorkilledbytheearthquakeisdividedintofourcategoriesbasedontheextentofthevictim’sinjuries: Level1–Requiremedicalattentionbutnothospitalization Level2–Requirehospitalizationfornon-lifethreateninginjuries Level3–Requirehospitalizationforcriticalinjuries Level4–FatalitiesCasualtyestimatesareprovidedfor3timesofdaythatrepresentperiodsofthedaythatvarioussectorsofthecommunityoperateatpeakcapacityloads.ThesefiguresareprovidedinTable5-16.

Table5-16:CasualtyEstimatesTime Location Level1 LevelII LevelIII LevelIV2AM Commercial 1 0 0 0

Commuting 0 0 0 0Educational 0 0 0 0Hotels 0 0 0 0Industrial 3 1 0 0OtherResidential 35 7 1 1SingleFamilyResidential 69 16 2 4TOTAL 108 24 3 6

2PM Commercial 70 17 2 5Commuting 0 0 0 0Educational 26 7 1 2Hotels 0 0 0 0



Industrial 19 5 1 1OtherResidential 8 2 0 017 4 1 1 0TOTAL 139 34 5 9

5PM Commercial 50 12 2 3Commuting 2 2 4 1Educational 1 0 0 0Hotels 0 0 0 0Industrial 12 3 0 1OtherResidential 13 3 0 1SingleFamilyResidential 28 7 1 2TOTAL 105 27 7 7

Building-RelatedLossesTotaleconomiclossforthisearthquakescenarioisestimatedtobe$883.79M.ThisestimateincludesbuildingandlifelinerelatedlossesandisbasedonthebuildinginventoryinOttawaCounty.Buildinglossesareexaminedintwocategories:directbuildinglossandbusinessinterruptionloss.Directbuildinglossesincludestructuraldamageanddamagetocontents.Businessinterruptionlossesincludethecostsassociatedwithnotbeingabletoconductnormalbusiness,displacedworkers,andlostopportunities.Totalestimatedbuildinglossesareanticipatedtobe$669.27M.Businessinterruptionexpensesaccountfor15%ofthistotal.Residentialstructuresareexpectedtosustainthegreatestlossbyfar,morethan59%ofthetotallossforthecounty.Table5-17providesasummaryoftheanticipatedbuilding-relatedlosses.Allfiguresareexpressedinmillionsofdollars.

Table5-17:Building-RelatedEconomicLossEstimatesArea Single-Family OtherResidential Commercial Industrial Other Total

IncomeLosses Wage 0.00 2.58 17.50 0.87 1.52 22.47CapitalRelated 0.00 1.12 16.50 0.53 0.20 18.35Rental 4.68 5.42 7.99 0.38 0.59 19.07Relocation 17.10 7.07 12.98 1.61 3.69 42.44CapitalStockLosses Structural 41.67 12.29 21.98 6.38 5.84 88.17Non-Structural 163.61 58.23 68.06 22.02 15.74 327.67Content 65.87 16.44 39.41 16.30 9.47 147.49Inventory 0.00 0.00 0.86 2.62 0.15 3.62TOTAL 292.93 103.14 185.27 50.71 37.21 566.94TransportationandUtilityLifelineLossesEarthquakesoftencauseextensivedamagetoacommunity’sinfrastructure.Tables5-18and5-19depictthepotentialdamageOttawaCountycouldexpecttoitstransportationandutility



systems.Lossfiguresaddressonlythecosttorepair,notbusinessinterruptioncosts.Numbersareexpressedinmillionsofdollars.

Table5-18:TransportationSystemEconomicLosses

System Component InventoryValue EconomicLossHighway Segments 935.65 $0.00M Bridges 111.54 $7.97MRailways Segments 104.27 $0.00M Bridges 0.08 $0.00MBus Facilities 1.14 $0.16MFerry Facilities 6.66 $1.46MAirport Facilities 42.60 $10.05M Runways 189.82 $0.00MTotal 1,391.80 $19.60M

Table5-19:UtilitySystemEconomicLosses

System Component InventoryValue EconomicLossPotableWater DistributionLines 37.40 $0.69MWasteWater Facilities 1,049.00 $166.19M DistributionLines 22.40 $0.14MNaturalGas DistributionLines 12.70 $0.15MElectricalPower Facilities 115.50 $27.35MCommunication Facilities 0.20 $0.01MTotal 1,239.47 $194.87



6.0PUBLICINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATION–APPENDIXBThroughoutthemitigationplanningprocess,information,notifications,andinvitationsweresharedwithstakeholdersandthecommunity.Thissectioncontainscopiesofkeydocumentsusedtocommunicatewithstakeholders.Thelettersincludedinthissectionweresenttojurisdictionsandstakeholdersbyemailwheneverpossible.Whenthatmethodofcommunicationwasnoteffective,theinformationwascommunicatedbyregularmail.

August25,2015DearCity,Village,andTownshipOfficials:OttawaCountyrecentlybegantheprocessofupdatingourNaturalHazardMitigationPlan.ThisplanhelpsthecountyidentifythedisasterrisksandhazardsweneedtoprepareforanddevelopmitigationactionsthatcanhelpuspreventandreducethedamageanddestructionOttawaCountymightexperience.Becauseparticipationfromeachjurisdictioniscriticaltodevelopingaplanthatreflectstheuniquecharacteristics,hazards,andrisksofeachcity,village,andtownship,weareaskingeachjurisdictiontoparticipateintheHazardMitigationCoreCommittee.Becauseofthehighlyspecializednatureofhazardmitigationplanning,thecountyhashiredacontractortoleadthisplanupdateprocessforus.ResourceSolutionsAssociates,LLCofNorwalk,OhiowillworkwiththeHazardMitigationCoreCommitteetocollectnecessaryinput,developmitigationstrategies,writetherevisedplan,andobtainthenecessarystateandfederalplanapprovals.SandyHovestandLaurenYeaglearetheindividualswhowillbeworkingwithusonthisproject.WehavereceivedagrantfromFEMAtocoverthiscost.TheinitialmeetingoftheHazardMitigationCoreCommitteewasheldAugust19.Wearereachingouttoalljurisdictionsthatwereunabletoattendthismeetingtoensurethatyouareawareoftheplanningprocessandtoprovideyouwithinformationthatwassharedattheinitialmeeting.Aspartoftheplanningprocess,ResourceSolutionsAssociateswouldliketoscheduleworksessionswithrepresentativesfromeachjurisdictiontoidentifyhazardsandrisksanddevelopmitigationstrategies.Theenclosedinformationprovidessomebackgroundonmitigationstrategydevelopment.Thelastpageisajurisdictioncontactform.IfyoucouldidentifytheappropriatecontactpersonforyourjurisdictionandreturnthisinformationtotheEMA,itwouldbegreatlyappreciated.ThisinformationwillbepassedontoSandyandLaurentoassistinmakingcontactwitheachjurisdictiontoschedulelocalworksessions.JurisdictionworksessionswillbescheduledinlateSeptember;ifyoucouldprovideyourdesignatedpoint-of-contact’sinformationnolaterthanSeptember8,itwouldbegreatlyappreciated.Additionalinformationonthisproject,includingmeetingagendas,presentations,andhandouts,canbefoundontheResourceSolutionsAssociateswebsiteatwww.consultrsa.com/ottawa-mitigation.html.Thankyouforyourhelpwiththisproject.Shouldyouhavequestions,pleasedonothesitatetocontactmyoffice.Respectfully,FredPetersenDirector

6-2 2016OttawaCountyHazardMitigationPlan


DearJurisdictions,OttawaCountyisintheprocessofupdatingtheHazardMitigationPlan.Sofarweareworkingintheresearchphaseoftheproject.Thatphaseinvolvesidentifyingchangesandnewactivitiesinthecountysince2004,aswellasidentificationofthenaturalhazardsthatexistinOttawaCounty,aswellaspastincidents,damages,andotherlossrisksduetostorms.OncethenewmitigationplanisapprovedbyFEMA(estimatedtobelaterin2016),OttawaCountywillbeeligibleforgrantsthroughFEMAtoconductavarietyofmitigationprojectsthatareoutlinedinthenewplan.Wewilllookatincidentsthatincludedseverethunderstorms,tornadoesandwindstorms,blizzardsandtemperatureextremes,heavyrainandhail,drought,erosionandlandslide/mudslide,coastalerosion,andfloodingtonameafew.Wewilldiscussdamagetoresidentialproperty,infrastructure,criticalfacilities,andcommercialproperties.Weaskthatyouencourageallyourkeyofficials,yourmunicipaladministrator,servicedepartmentheadsorsupervisors,keyresidents,andanypersonwhoplaysacriticalroleinresponsesthathappen,suchasfireandpolicechiefs,tohelpatthisworksession.Wewilldiscussissuestheyeachsuperviseatthesesessions,andhopefullythissessionwillbewell-attendedsothatyourjurisdictioniscoveredaccuratelyandthoroughlyinthenewplan.Ourcontractorwouldliketotakealookatlocationsofparticularinterest.Ifthereisanareathatfloodsregularly,ahousethatliesinthefloodplainandhasmultipleinstancesofdamages,thereisaroadwayorbridgethatfloodsorembankmentsthatareeroding–thesearethekindsofthingstheywanttosee.Pleaseplanforsomeonetoidentifyandexplaintheselocationsattheendofthemeeting,andtoaccompanythecontractortothelocationforaverybriefsitevisit.ThetimeyourjurisdictionspendshelpingwiththisplanwillbecountedtowardOttawaCounty’smandatory25%in-kindmatch.ThisprojectisfundedbyafederalPre-DisasterMitigationGrant,andthereforeOttawaCountymustcontributetimeandassistanceequalto$6,750.00inordertoreceivere-imbursement.PleaseRSVPtotheEMAofficewithyourintentionstoattend,andanindicationofhowmanyindividualswillattendfromyourarea.Thankyouverymuch,andwelookforwardtoworkingwithyou.



Date: January6,2016

From: FredPetersen,Director

OttawaCountyEMA

Re: Countymitigationplaninputsessions

TheOttawaCountyEMAishostingworksessionsinmunicipalitiesandtownshipsthismonthto

obtaininputfromofficialsandcitizensregardingnaturaldisasterplanning.TheEMAisinthe

processofupdatingtheOttawaCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlan,andworksessionsto

validateandverifycontentfortheplanareopentothepublic.

TheJanuaryworksessionswillreviewseverestormsandincidentsthathaveoccurredrecently,

andwilldiscussthepropertydamagesandcommunitydisruptionthattookplaceasaresultof

theincident.Otheritemsreviewedwillincludejurisdictiondemographicsandcharacteristics,

propertyvaluesandpotentiallosses,andpropertieswiththehighestvulnerabilitytoloss.

Worksessionswillfollowinthecomingmonthstocreatelocalactionstoprotectlifeand

property,andtodecreasethelocalexposuretodisasterloss.

Personswithquestionscancall419-734-6900.Reservationsarenotnecessary.Thework

sessionscheduleisasfollows:

Jurisdiction Date Time LocationGenoa Jan.12 10am GenoaVillageHall

OakHarbor Jan.12 2pm OakHarborCouncilChambers

PortClinton Jan.14 10am OttawaCountyEOC(AnnexBasement)

WestTownships Jan.19 4pm AllenClayJointFireDistrictHeadquarters

(IncludesAllen,Clay,Harris)

CentralTownships Jan.14 7pm CarrollTownshipHall

(IncludesBay,Carroll,Erie,Salem,Benton)

EastTownships Jan.21 7pm CatawbaIslandTownshipHall

(IncludesDanbury,Portage,Catawba,Put-in-Bay)



Hazard plan discusses issues in western Ottawa County Jessica Denton, Reporter 11:14 p.m. EST January 19, 2016

CLAY CENTER - Emergency personnel, community leaders and concerned residents gathered for about twohours on Tuesday afternoon to discuss historical natural disasters in Ottawa County and problem areas in eachtownship, with an eye on a mitigation plan for the county.

Tuesday's session at the Allen-Clay Joint Fire District Headquarters in Clay Center was for Allen, Clay andHarris Township, while other sessions have taken place or will take place throughout the month across alltownships, villages and the city of Port Clinton.

Sandy Hovest, president of Norwalk-based Resource Solutions Associates, spoke with a dozen emergencypersonnel, township trustees and concerned citizens at the fire district headquarters about past tornadoes,winter and summer storms and flooding that caused problems in their area.

"A mitigation plan involves reviewing storms and incidents of the past, discussing property damage andcommunity disruption," Hovest told the group. "We learn the vulnerabilities, possibilities of correction orresponse and put those projects in a plan."

Notable disasters that met the hazard criteria included the floods of 1969, 1973, 1992, 1998, 2002 and the infamous blizzard of 1978 across OttawaCounty. Attendees also talked about rivers and creeks that overflow or are clogged, or have begun to erode portions of roads across the western portionof the county.

Allen-Clay Joint Fire District Chief Denny Hartman was one of the dozen people who met with Hovest and spoke about the storms and flooding thataffected the townships. He provided insight on what emergency personnel went through in order to rescue residents and clear roads after storms andflooding.

"Everyone lost power during the 1978 blizzard," Hartman said. "Strangely enough the phones still worked, but no one had power for a couple of days."

A tornado that ripped through northwest Ohio and into western Ottawa County in May 2010 did not qualify as a hazard because the state did not meet thethreshold for an emergency with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Hovest said.

"The bar keeps being raised for disasters," Hovest said. "It keeps getting harder and harder to declare an emergency because thefederal government raises the standards for what qualifies."

Part of the mitigation plan also involves documenting critical response areas, such as fire and police departments, shelters, churches and schools wherepeople could gather in the event of a major disaster.

Talking to emergency personnel, local government officials and residents from each township, village and city allows Hovest to see and learn aboutdamage caused by storms, note problem areas and offer solutions that can be pursued through grant money.

(Photo: Jessica Denton/NewsHerald)

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OTTAWACOUNTYHAZARDMITIGATIONPLANPUBLICREVIEWPERIOD

TheOttawaCountyHazardMitigationPlanwillbeavailableforpublic

reviewandcommentfromNovember8–21,2016.

Viewtheplanatwww.consultrsa.comunder“OttawaCounty

Mitigation”orcontacttheOttawaCountyEmergencyManagement

Agencyat419-734-6900.

Thepublicisalsoinvitedtosharecommentsinperson.

HazardMitigationPlanPublicForumThursday,November17from4:00-6:00pm

OttawaCountyEMA

315MadisonStreet(AnnexBasement),PortClinton

Allcommentsandquestionsarewelcomeandshouldbedirectedto

[email protected],2016.

ottawa county natural hazard mitigation plan€¦ · 2016 ottawa county natural hazard mitigation...

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