our mission – peace and security. - iabg

KORA

Armed Forces Synthetic War Game and Cris

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mKORAArmed Forces Synthetic War Game and Crisis Response System

Our mission – peace and security.

KORA Armed Forces Synthetic War Game and Crisis Response System

KORA

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KORAKORA is the leading German constructive simula-tion system for officers and staff officers training. It simulates all relevant aspects of LAND-, AIR- and SEA-based operations of armed forces as well as Disaster Relief and Crisis Response operations and encompasses the entire scope of services within Armed Forces including connections to command and control systems. The main focus is training of staff organizations at the operational and all tactical levels. KORA is a core capability of simulation-assisted exercises for headquarters, component commands (LCC, ACC, MCC, SOCC), brigade, battalion and task force command posts, respectively.

A wide range of different sub-models from all areas of military operations including the civilian environment of operations allow flexible setting of exercise priorities. Up to 12 separately command-ed parties and a large amount of sub-models help to increase the range of the application as well. Switchable automatically operated and agent-based parts of the simulation enable cost-efficient exercise execution. Configurable displays within the modern user interface facilitate the work of tactical commanders as well as of branch spe-cialists or the Directing Staff. With the distributed simulation support option, participants of exer-cises can be connected via a Wide Area Network (WAN) with a minimal technical effort.

In Germany, KORA is predominantly used at the German Army Warfighting Simulation Centre in Wildflecken, although it is also deployed at the German Armed Forces Staff College in Hamburg and in several other international military exercise facilities. In addition to command post exercises for HQs at all command levels, seminar-style exercises and war games, as well as course-of-action analysis and scenario-based experiments are supported.

Training audiencesKORA is perfectly suited to train military staffs. Land forces can train their staffs from the lowest tactical level such as battalion up to the Component Command level. Additionally with the mari-time simulation component KORA is capable of supporting staff training in amphibious opera-tions. Especially the mixture between highly aggregated units in wide-area missions and special capabilities modelled in detail provides for efficient training for Special Forces Commands. At the operational level headquarters and corps staffs training can be performed in a fully customizable realistic exercise scenario.

KORA has the capability to stimulate air force operators and planners at Component Command and at Air Operation Command level with a consistent joint scenario. The maritime simulation of KORA is designed to train higher tactical navy staffs such as a Maritime Component Command. With its broad range of civilian elements and its disaster simulation, civil organisations can use KORA to train large-scale disaster relief operations.

Another type of exercise is the training of branch specific staffs and staff elements with KORA. Using this simulation it is possible to train logistic staffs or medical staff elements as Primary Training Audience without a collocated tactical staff in the exercise.


Technical overviewKORA can be used as a stand-alone system or as a distributed multi-user system. In multi-user operation the simulation server calculates and manages the simulation and distributes situation updates to all work-stations. In principle the number of workstations is unlimited.

KORA has been developed according to state-of-the-art programming rules. All models are documented in detail to reproduce simulation results without any programming expertise. KORA meets the requirements to train all military branches while interfacing to respective command and control systems. The graphical user interface is capable of supporting any language or character set in addition to German and English. Communication with other simulation systems is ensured by a standardised HLA evolved interface. This ensures a broad compatibility to other simulation systems and to major simulation infrastructures.

The major technical success factor of KORA is the open architecture providing maximum flexibility for extensions and connections to external systems. ADatP3, C-BML and OTH-T inter-faces are also available to connect KORA with a variety of existing Command and Control Systems. Being involved in the relevant NATO working groups we not only apply the respective standards but also contribute to their future development. This keeps KORA at the edge of constructive simulations concerning the interface capabilities to C4I-systems. Through such connections, the Training Audience can work at their fielded Command and Control system following the exercise directive Train-as-you-fight.

Scope of performanceThe core of KORA is made up of a group of sub-models that realistically reproduces the complex-ity of military operations through a network of connections, interactions and relationships.

The rules implemented in the sub-models and their mutual dependencies are developed in close cooperation with military experts of the German Bundeswehr, NATO Forces and other customers and are directly geared towards actual requirements for training, war games, course of action analysis and exercises. Situ-ations that in reality are characterised by un-certainty or room for manoeuvre are resolved using scientific principles and Operations Research methods.

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KORA Sub-models

COMBATThe combat model offers flexible control levels from single platform up to entire battalions. KORA meets the requirements of training audi-ences from Command Posts up to Headquarters.

• All classical combat types and special combat operations

• General battlefield tasks (recce, cover, contact, movement, etc.)

• Mounted and dismounted employment of armoured infantry

• Variable control levels from battalion to platform

• Control agents generate orders for subordinate units

• Behaviour agents apply rules for behaviour of the respective units

ARTILLERYKORA’s artillery model offers automatic fire and movement modes with the option to override manually, which minimize the effort in control-ling multiple artillery weapon systems with all kind of ammunition. Artillery specific recon-naissance systems cover all relevant target acquisition capabilities.

• Configurable automatic fire fight mode

• Manual fire fight mode

• Tube and rocket artillery

• Concentration fire

• Unobserved predicted fire

• Target seeking ammunition

• Special ammunition like artillery delivered mines

• Artificial smoke screens

• Manual and automatic movement modes

• Artillery reconnaissance systems (optical, acoustical and radar)

Sub-models

ENGINEERSThe engagement spectrum of the engineers in KORA covers all relevant breaching, fortification and building capabilities. Integrated into a combat formation the engineers will act auto-matically without any further operator input.

• Various barrier types like mines, object barriers, road blocks, obstacles and barricades

• Construction, reconnaissance, destruction / clearing all types of barriers

• Construction, reconnaissance, destruction /clearing all types of barriers

• Construction and demolition of bridges

• Construction of bridges

• Ferrying operations and pontoon bridges

ARMY AVIATIONThe KORA helicopter model covers all kind of engagements from combat and reconnais-sance via transport of goods and troops to MEDEVAC and disaster relief. Various options and parameter- defined capabilities allow a nearly unlimited range of configurable systems.

• Different types of helicopters in various roles of engagement

• Airspace control and weapons control

• Assembly areas and Forward Ammunition and Refuelling Points (FARP) including the logistic support chain

ARMY AIR DEFENCEThe engagement of the Air Defence in KORA can be driven manually or automatically by definable air space control regulations. Thereby, fixed wing and rotary wing targets can be processed differently. Also, specific types of radar cover the AD target acquisition capabilities.

• Various types of engagement like protection of troops, protection of objects, protection of areas

• ADA reconnaissance and C2-systems

• Interaction with ground troops

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RELOCATIONThe control of related activities in KORA is standardizes by a common implementation of march and movement activities for most ele-ments. Furthermore, pre-defined march routes facilitate the relocation planning of brigade and higher-level units. A network of different road types can easily be engaged and disrupted. This provides the basis for the creation of all kind of traffic related problems like jams, destroyed bridges, contamination, road blocks, etc.

• Movement on roads and cross country

• Railroad transportation lines

• Destruction of transport routes and bridges

KORA Sub-models

RECONNAISSANCEIn addition to the branch specific reconnais-sance, this part of KORA comprises a variety of different land and air based capabilities. Beside the standard ground recce and a series of UAVs there are also special capabilities. Together with the air reconnaissance (TAR) a complete and consistent Common Operational Picture (COP) can be set up only with simulated means of KORA.

• Communications intelligence

• Signals intelligence (SIGINT)

• Human intelligence (HUMINT)

• Radar scanning

• Artillery reconnaissance systems

• Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) with configurable sensors

• Special Forces reconnaissance

• Airborne reconnaissance (Army, Air Force and Navy)

SUPPLYIn KORA’s Supply model, all kind of depots, stocks and transportation means together with configurable capacities provide the basis for the implementation of various logistic concepts. Transfer means and the vulnerability of all ele-ments bring further realism into the scenario.

• Representation and consumption of bulk goods

• Representation of multiple logistical responsibility levels

• Logistic facilities with bulk goods, storage capacities and transfer capacities

• Destructibility and protection of logistic facilities

• Transportation means

• Transportation aids

• Convoy planning and orders

• Planning support for logistic ranges and time consumption

• Establishment and destruction of own stocks and confiscation of enemy stocks

• Third party supply like civilian gas stations and supply from allied parties

• Various levels of automatic modes

MAINTENANCEThe KORA maintenance model focuses on the management of repair capacities and damaged material in realistic engagement environments. Various automatic modes for recovery and evacuation

• Representation of repair units and recovery means at multiple levels of responsibility

• Establishment and control of evacuation chains

• Battlefield damage repair and field maintenance

• Third party maintenance

Sub-models

MEDICAL SERVICESThe medical services model in KORA is highly adjustable and highly detailed with special configurations for all levels of the medical chain (hospital, CS, CP, etc.) and more than 30 different typical types of injuries and a distinction between medical specialists. Representation of the medical system tailored to all levels.

• Modular and specialized medical facilities

• Portrayal of the medical evacuation chain

• Medical counter measures for NBC wounds

• Automatic mode selectable for entire parties or for individual units

PERSONNELConfigurable personnel resource units and all kind of transportation means are the basis for a detailed requirement-oriented replacement management for personnel losses.

• Personnel losses

• Personnel replacement considering individual skills, ranks and levels of education

• Automatic mode selectable for entire parties or for individual major units down (no operator input necessary)

• Degradation of performance (e.g. contaminated personnel)

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NBC DEFENCEChemical releases threaten military as well as disaster relief operations. KORA is capable of integrating those threats into a CAX. In this model, various protective posture levels increase survivability but also affect the performance of troops. Chemical reconnaissance and the decontamination of personnel, equipment and roads complete the KORA NBC features.

• Dynamic influence of the weather conditions

• Protection measures

• NBC reconnaissance

• Dynamic changes over time in contaminated or threatened area

• Decontamination

KORA Sub-models

COMMUNICATIONThe KORA communication model primarily focuses on the detection of hostile command posts and radio stations. A variety of electronic jamming systems implements the capability to affect tactical communication lines.

• Various types of electronic warfare systems

• Electronic reconnaissance

CIVIL ASPECTS AND OOTWOperations Other Than War (OOTW) introduce a variety of non-military elements into the simulated area of operation in KORA. Civilian groups with definable behaviour, all kind of governmental and non-governmental organiza-tions as well as destructible civilian objects and facilities complete the picture. An event editor enables pre-defining any kind of “surprise” for on demand application like ambushes, terror attacks, accidents, demolitions, IEDs etc.

• Population groups

• Weapon caches and stocks

• Terrorist groups

• Event editor: Sabotage and terrorist attacks

• Civil facilities

DISASTER RELIEFThe technical and organizational capabilities of armed forces qualify them as valuable partners in all kind of disaster relief missions. KORA ad-dresses this area by the portrayal of environmen-tal disasters like flooding and wood fires with the related effects on actors and infrastructure as well as with adequate countermeasures like sand barriers and firefighting. Additionally, all appro-priate standard model capabilities are applicable.

• Non-governmental organization (Red Cross, THW, Fire department, Police, …)

• Sandbag barriers

• Dispersal of pollutant clouds caused by industrial disasters

Sub-models

AIR FORCEThe KORA Air Force model is available in a simple mode comprising primarily air support and tactical air reconnaissance for the ground forces and in a sophisticated mode, which may be controlled by air coordination orders and air task orders automatically imported from air C2-systems. The latter enables applying KORA in joint scenarios on component command level as well as to exercise the coordination of forces in joint headquarters.

• Various types of sub-models and functionalities in different resolutions

• Surface-to-Air Missile Systems

• Electronic Warfare

• Air-to Air Refuelling

• Tactical Air Transport

• Evacuation

• Airspace control with different functions

• Friendly Fire Effects

NAVYThe KORA Navy model introduces another di-mension into the complex battlefield. Amphibiousoperations and indirect fire support as well as all kind of logistic capabilities complete joint scenarios in CAX environments.

• Anti Surface Warfare (ASuW)

• Anti Air Warfare (AAW)

• Mine Warfare

• Ship-to-shore capabilities

• High Value Asset Defence

• White shipping

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Supported Exercise PreparationSetting up the data base for an exercise is supported by an integrated scenario generator with a graphical tree structure editor. It provides libraries of predefined but editable weapon system types and numerous schemes for typical force structures. It simplifies the selection and generation of new elements and structures within the ORBAT. In addition, it is also possible to define elements of previously unknown types with individual sets of weapon systems and properties. The elements generated can be easily integrated into a running simulation.

Parameter editors allow the modification of weapon systems and multiple model parameters even during a running simulation.

The simulation terrain can be modified using commercial GIS tools or the KORA Terrain Editor. Import interfaces for various standard formats allow the use of any terrain data from external sources in different resolutions. Play boxes well over 2000 km x 2000 km in size can be generated for use in simulations. The vector networks used for roads and railroad tracks is freely scalable to all levels of detail. The KORA models can simulate operations in terrain data of all kind of climate zones.

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CustomisationAll models in KORA are customizable according to the national operator´s needs with user-editable parameter sets. Even the efficiency of the forces under training and their opposing forces can be defined with parameters.

To satisfy the special needs of every Exercise Director, customizations of models can be carried out even during a running exercise. With our experience in modelling armed forces over decades we support the exercise development process as well as the simulation customisation on-the-fly during exercises and trainings with our Modelling & Simulation experts. As a trusted advisor and experienced simulation manufacturer for armed forces we protect our customer´s interests and the developed models appropriately.

Support of Exercise EvaluationFor the evaluation of exercises, visual and database-assisted functionalities are incorporated. These functionalities include complete archives of the situation data for the entire duration of an exercise at selectable time intervals (e.g. every 1, 5, or 15 minutes) or on request. Furthermore, the situation progress is presentable as video or slideshow and statistic results such as killer-victim tables, and combat power comparisons are presentable in summarized form. KORA offers a Course of Action (COA) analysis as well as an export of accumulated statistical data from a relational database to MS Office formats.

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Further EnhancementsKORA is being constantly improved, based on the requirements defined by the German Army Warfighting Simulation Centre, the German Armed Forces Staff College and the HQs of major units of the German Army, Air Force and Navy. This is carried out in close collaboration with the German Army Command, the German Army Office, the Federal Office for Equipment, Infor-mation Technology and Utilisation of the Armed Forces and with the involvement of the major units, schools and academies. The extensive CAX experience of other multinational staffs and international Armed Forces has also been taken into account. Especially the requirements and experiences from CAX in countries with different basic requirements and geographical circum-stances influence the development of our software. Exemplary therefore are requirements from CAX in desert and winter fight environments. Input and requirements like these are constantly implemented in KORA and thus further enhance the possibilities and the quality of our software.


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CAX as a ServiceThe IABG has all technical capabilities and the necessary know-how to carry out KORA-assisted exercises in various forms as service. IABG exercise and training specialists and other subject matter experts support our customers in all phases of exercise development, planning, execution, analy-sis and post-exercise lessons-learned support.

In close collaboration with our customers we develop challenging exercise scenarios in order to meet ambitious training objectives in a modern and motivating training environment.

IABG is a long-term partner of armed forces to support all required activities such as planning conferences, scenario workshops, risk-reductions up to full scale CAX-supports. Our unique company infrastructure in Germany has already been used as exercise facility including all as-pects of real life support. For example, major NATO exercises such as the NATO-Russia- Council CAX or Nimble Titan were conducted at our IABG Technology Centre.

IABG experts contribute decades of experience in managing national, international and particu-larly NATO exercises. This background allows customer specific tailoring of proven standards into local objectives and processes.

CAX management and war gaming centre management trainings as well as customer oriented tutoring insure an efficient transfer of the respective know how to all concerned military leaders.

Supported ExercisesKORA has been used in a lot of exercises and experiments, continuously. The experiences of the forces gained in each exercise have been used to improve KORA.

Exercises with international participation (e.g. ARRC, EUROCORPSs, German / Netherlands Corps) and exercises for Concept Development & Experimentation are also supported by the simulation system KORA.

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CAX as a ServiceThe IABG has all technical capabilities and the necessary know-how to carry out KORA-assisted exercises in various forms as service. IABG exercise and training specialists and other subject matter experts support our customers in all phases of exercise development, planning, execution, analysis and post-exercise lessons-learned support. In close collaboration with our customers we develop challenging exercise scenarios in order to meet ambitious training objectives in a modern and motivating training environment.

IABG is a long-term partner of armed forces to support all required activities such as planning conferences, scenario workshops, risk-reductions up to full scale CAX-supports. Our unique company infrastructure in Germany has already been used as exercise facility including all as-pects of real life support. For example, major NATO exercises such as the NATO-Russia- Council CAX or Nimble Titan were conducted at our IABG Technology Centre.

IABG experts contribute decades of experience in managing national, international and particu-larly NATO exercises. This background allows customer specific tailoring of proven standards into local objectives und processes.

CAX management and war gaming centre management trainings as well as customer oriented tutoring insure an efficient transfer of the respective know how to all concerned military leaders.

Supported ExercisesKORA has been used in a lot of exercises and experiments, continuously. The experiences of the forces gained in each exercise have been used to improve KORA.

Exercises with international participation (e.g. ARRC, EUROCORPSs, German / Netherlands Corps) and exercises for Concept Development & Experimentation are also supported by the simulation system KORA.

Our mission – peace and security

About IABG We are a closely networked business group and offer integrated, future-oriented solutions in the sectors Automotive • InfoCom • Mobility, Energy & Environment • Aeronautics • Space • Defence & Security. We understand the requirements of our customers and support them independently and competently. We implement effectively, efficiently and with target orientation. We operate reliably and sustainably. Our international market presence and our success are

based on technological excellence and a fair relationship to our customers and business partners.

For further information please contact

IABG mbHDefence & SecurityDepartment Exercises Einsteinstrasse 2085521 Ottobrunn GermanyPhone: +49 89 [email protected]

IABGEinsteinstrasse 20

85521 OttobrunnGermany

Phone +49 89 6088-2030Fax +49 89 6088-4000

[email protected]

Berlin Bonn Dresden Erding Karlsruhe Koblenz Lathen Lichtenau Noordwijk (NL) Oberpfaffenhofen

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INFOCOM

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AERONAUTICS

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our mission – peace and security. - iabg

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