TMDL Watershed Improvements & Compliance Progress

Brian Boyer, P.E.

Environmental Engineering Manager

Kieser & Associates, LLC

536 E. Michigan Ave., Suite 300

Kalamazoo, MI 49007

(269) 344-7117

Over 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineering www.kieser-associates.com

Overview 2

Project Setting

Background / Watershed Concerns

Implementation Efforts

Pre-Post Implementation Monitoring

Watershed Impacts and Benefits

TMDL Compliance Progress

Project Setting

Kalamazoo River Watershed: 2,020 sq. miles

MICHIGAN Portage &

Arcadia Creek

Subwatershed

SCALE (MILES)

0 10 15 5

Lake Allegan

3

Project Setting

Portage & Arcadia Creek Subwatersheds (36,000-acres)

Portage

West Fork Portage

Axtell Arcadia

4

Monitoring Sites

Kalamazoo River

Background: Stormwater Concerns

Portage Creek

21% urban land use

Ranked 1st in phosphorus loading (of 75)

Arcadia Creek

42% urban land use

Ranked 5th in phosphorus loading (of 75)

5

Background: Stormwater Concerns

Watershed Management Plan (2001)

Monitoring: 2002-03 & 2013-14

Phosphorus TMDL (2001)

50% load reduction requirement

Highly urbanized P/A subwatersheds

Stakeholders:

Western Michigan University (WMU)

City of Kalamazoo

City of Portage

Others

Arcadia Creek

Portage Creek

6

Off-Campus Contributing Areas

WMU: Stormwater Controls 7

30 BMPs

514 Acres Treated

64% of Campus

55% Reduction in

Runoff Volume

TMDL Reduction

56% (on campus)

Stormwater

Neutral® Verified

(with “offsets”)

2016

Stormwater Neutral® is a registered service mark of Kieser & Associates, LLC.

WMU: Implementation of BMPs

BMP Efficiency Monitoring (2 sites)

Stormwater control measures (141 acres)

Infiltration and detention practices

Vegetated buffers & bank stabilization

Reconnected floodplains

Native vegetation

Substantial Improvements in TP and TSS loading

85% - 99% monitored BMP removal efficiencies

Improved in-stream hydrology & flood reduction

8

WMU: Implementation of BMPs

BMP Efficiency - Lot 23 Site

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WMU: Implementation of BMPs

BMP Efficiency – Howard/Stadium Site

10

WMU: Implementation of BMPs 11

Project Control

Type Annual TP Reduction

Annual TSS Reduction

Annual Volume Reduction

WMU Parking Lot

23

Detention/ Infiltration

48 lbs 85% 7 tons 85%

25 ac-ft

85%

WMU: Implementation of BMPs 12

Project Control Type Annual TP Reduction

Annual TSS Reduction Annual Volume

Reduction

WMU Howard/ Stadium CMI

Detention/ Infiltration

176 lbs 100% 27 tons 100%

184 ac-ft

100%

2003-2013 Kalamazoo SCMs

Stormwater Control Measure (SCM)

Kalamazoo

Portage

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Kalamazoo River

Monitoring: 2002-03 & 2013-14

Goals & Objectives: Compare creek monitoring data

before/after 10 years of WMP implementation

Methods: Automated sampling

Creek mouths

BMPs

Stream stations

Wet event sampling

Dry event sampling

Parameters: Rainfall, flow

TP, TSS

Temp, D.O., pH, Conductivity, ORP

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Arcadia Creek Data Analyses

Methods:

Flow and rainfall evaluation

Flow duration curves and/or flow reduction

Calculate loading (flow + sample results)

Quantify current EMCs

Compare/contrast past and present data

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Data Analyses 16

2002-2003 Data

Most rainfall <1”

Flashy response

2013-2014 Data

More intense rainfall >1”

Moderated response

Arcadia Creek Analysis: Flow 17

30 cfs

5 cfs

Observed Arcadia Creek flow reductions following ten years of stormwater implementation efforts as quantified within the WMU Water Quality Monitoring Grant Project (MDEQ #2012-0502).

Arcadia Creek Loading Reductions TP Reductions 2003-2014: 789lbs (39% TP Reduction)

Annual TP Loading (lbs)

TSS Reductions 2003-2014: 141 tons (35% TSS Reduction)

Annual TSS Loading (tons)

EMCs

EMCs

Load Reduction Source Comparison

TP TSS Volume

(lbs/yr) (tons/yr) (Mgal/yr)

WMU BMPs 854 311 863

Other BMPs 1,169 227 228

Arcadia Creek Total 2,023 539 1,092

WMU Reduction (% of Total) 42.2% 57.8% 79.1%

TP

Volume TSS

Portage Creek Data Analyses

Methods:

Flow and rainfall evaluation

Flow duration curves and/or flow reduction

Calculate loading (flow + sample results)

Quantify current EMCs

Compare/contrast past and present data

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Portage Creek Data Analyses 21

TP Reductions 2003-2014: 3,333lbs (35% TP Reduction)

TSS Reductions 2003-2014: 219 tons (15% TSS Reduction)

EMCs

EMCs

Annual TP Loading (lbs) Annual TSS Loading (tons)

Portage Creek Loading Reductions

Reducing Loads to the Kalamazoo

Progress toward TMDL goals:

Arcadia Creek Annual Loading

2001-2002 2013-2014

TP TSS TP TSS

(lbs) (tons) (lbs) (tons)

2,023 403 1,234 262

Annual Load Reductions, 2002-2014

TP TSS TP TSS

789 lbs 141 tons 39% 35%

Portage Creek Annual Loading

2001-2002 2013-2014

TP TSS TP TSS

(lbs) (tons) (lbs) (tons)

9,521 1,460 6,188 1,241

Annual Load Reductions, 2002-2014

TP TSS TP TSS

3,333 lbs 219 tons 35% 15%

Summary

Substantial benefits following 10 years of BMP

implementation

TP & TSS EMC decreases

Reduced peak flows

Moderated average wet weather flows

Reduced flooding

Monitoring confirmed BMP calculation benefits

WMU as a “champion” of implementation

Strategic placement of BMPs

Special Thanks

PROJECT PARTNERS The FORUM of Greater Kalamazoo Western Michigan University City of Kalamazoo WWTP City of Allegan WWTP MDOT / MDEQ Kieser & Associates, LLC

Over 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineering www.kieser-associates.com

Thank You

Brian Boyer, P.E.

Environmental Engineering Manager

bboyer@kieser-associates.com

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