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TRANSCRIPT
OVERCOMING CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE
CRIME STATISTICS SYSTEM: LESSONS FROM KENYA
Presented During Regional Meeting on Crime Statistics and Victimisation
Surveys
By
Robert C. B. Buluma
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
Bangkok, Thailand, 1st to 3rd December, 2014
Overview
IntroductionRole of NSOs in producing crime statisticsOrganisation arrangement to produce
crime statisticsRobustness of statistical infrastructure to
collect dataCollaboration advantagesCrime data available in KenyaDissemination of crime dataConstraints in publishing crimeChallenges in ensuring accuracy of dataConclusions & recommendations
Role of NSOs in Producing Crime Statistics
NSOs are established by an Act of Parliament
Collects, compiles, collates and writes reports & disseminate:
Censuses
Surveys
Collects official administrative crime data from MDAs
Role of NSOs in Producing Crime Statistics Official legitimacy as public
institutions
Familiarity with statistical standards and procedures
Strategically positioned to ensuresustainability of data collection
Cost effective since some modules canbe attached on regular surveys
Role of NSOs inProducing Crime Statistics
Publishes and disseminates all information related to crime statistics
Provides technical statistical service/advice to the users by establishing a data bank
Ensures that data collected are reliable, objective, relevant, transparent and do not reveal the identities of the individuals ( i. e are confidential)
Role of NSOs inProducing Crime Statistics
Conduct nationwide crime surveys to generate trends on crime to supplement administrative data
Chooses crime data sources with regard to quality, timelines, costs and the burden of respondents.
Creates the right synergies between different justice sector data collection projects in order to ensure maximum utilization of the outputs from such projects, thereby reducing response burdens.
Role of NSOs inProducing Crime Statistics
Formulates crime - based questionnaires that are clear and concise in order to minimize response difficulties
Keeps to a minimum the number of data variables to be collected in crime questions and ensures their strict relevance and proportionality to actual information needs
Role of NSOs in Producing Crime Statistics
Establishes appropriate mechanism for crime statistical coordination
Allocates statistical responsibilities among government agencies by designing the statistics to be collected by them, including their periodicity and content.
Role of NSOs in Producing Crime Statistics
Uses technologies that reduces the number of paper questionnaires thereby rendering the data collection process more efficient and effective for both data providers and the NSO.
Prescribes uniform standards and classification systems in crime statistics
Provides technical and secretariat support to the TWG handling crime
Serves as the crime statistical clearing house and liaison for international and
Role of NSOs in Producing Crime Statistics
Provides technical assistance and support to crime related projects of other statistical agencies.
Formulates, develops and implements plans and programs on crime statistics in order to provide government with timely, accurate and reliable data on crime.
Promotes professionalism based on the use of sound methods and tools and be responsive to changing needs and use of modern management tools.
Encourages and promotes MDAs to have statistical units
OrganisationArrangement to Produce Crime Statistics
NSO (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics) formed by an Act of Parliament
Governance unit in 2001 which is a section handling Governance, Peace & Security Statistics
Section has TWC with focal point officers from MDAs
NSO is the chair of TWC
Whenever, NSO requires data we do request for it in writing to the CEO of the organization supplying us with the data.
Kenya is piloting administrative data collection using the newly developed data collection tools for SHaSA( Strategy for Harminisation of Statistics in Africa)
.
OrganisationArrangement to Produce Crime Statistics
This is an initiative of African Union Commission in collaboration with UNDP regional office for Africa in Dakar, Senegal.
This component falls under the Governance, Peace and Security (GPSS) thematic area of African Union Commission
OrganisationArrangement to ProduceCrime Statistics
Robustness of Statistical Infrastructure to Collect Data
The mandates of most MDAs are not to collect data
Some MDAs have statistical units based at the Hq that compile statistical information from all over the stations in the country
Most of the MDAs have several stations spread all over the country.
Robustness of Statistical Infrastructure to Collect Data
Data is collected at the station level daily and then collated into weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly basis and returns sent to the Headquarters
Data is transmitted through hard copies and soft copies by email
In rare occasions are there systems that transmit data through websites
Robustness of Statistical Infrastructure to Collect Data
Data is also compiled on ad hoc basis when responding to various users
The data collected is sent to headquarters through various established channels by the respective MDAs
The various channels are tasked to authenticate the data from the various stations before relaying it to the headquarters
Robustness of Statistical Infrastructure to Collect Data
Not all data collected from the stations is released to KNBS. The Bureau only receives data requested for in a particular format
Some of the data collected is for internal consumption
Robustness of Statistical Infrastructure to Collect Data
For example the data collected is for administrative purposes like determining deployment of staff, staff transfer, recruitment, effectiveness of various programmes in place etc
The authority to release data to KNBSor other users lies with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the respective institution.
Collaboration Advantages
Savings in time and money in re-using or adopting an existing technological innovations or methodology.
Sharing new features ( e.g. data management system) developed by one of the collaborating parties by the other partners at minimal cost.
The use of common shared system can promote and enable the use of statistical standards.
Collaboration Advantages
Using the same software platform for statistical data management makes the exchange of data and metadata easier between organizations
It can facilitate production of joint data collection or dissemination exercises between organizations
Collaboration Advantages Collaboration between organizations in
this way sends a very positive message to stakeholders.
Establishes a strong network of partner agencies
Strengthens commitment of individuals and agencies through active involvement.
Upholds measurable standards for staff within the collaboration by setting specific responsibilities
Crime Data Available in Kenya
1: Crimes reported to PoliceNumber
Crimes1 2010 2011 2012 2013*
Homicide …………………………… ……………………………2,239 2,641 2,761 2,878
Offences against morality …………………………… ……………………………4,817 4,703 4,806 4,779
Other offences against persons …………………………… ……………………………20,012 20,144 20,698 19,344
Robbery …………………………… ……………………………2,843 3,262 3,262 3,551
Breakings …………………………… ……………………………6,453 7,325 7,578 6,397
Theft of stock …………………………… ……………………………2,244 2,269 2,377 1,965
Stealing …………………………… ……………………………11,986 13,797 14,111 11,455
Theft by servant …………………………… ……………………………2,591 2,889 2,984 2,702
Vehicles and other thefts …………………………… ……………………………1,365 1,768 1,663 1,631
Dangerous drugs …………………………… ……………………………5,081 4,649 4,181 4,316
Crime Data Availablein Kenya2: Firearms/ammunitions/drugs
Unit 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013*
Firearms
Rifles ……………………………..Number 121 162 164 122 169
Pistols ……………………………..Number 128 80 102 97 77
Toy Pistols ……………………………..Number 174 10 38 17 39
Total 423 252 304 236 285
Rifles ……………………………..Number 163 1,064 26 11 16
Pistols ……………………………..Number - - - - -
Toy Pistols ……………………………..Number - - 38 - -
Total 163 1,064 64 11 16
Number 110,047 38,127 16,288 12,768 3,712
Number 4,480 3,373 100 56 499
Total 114,527 41,500 16,388 12,824 4,211
Kg 7,289 14,764 25,943 4,735 17,122
Surrendered ……………………………..
Drugs seized
Firearms/Ammunition/Drugs
Recovered
Surrendered
Ammunition (Rounds)
Recovered1 ……………………………..
Crime Data Available in Kenya
3. Judiciary Statistics
Year Status of Case
Magistrate
's
Courts
Kadhi'
s
Court
High
Courts
Court
of
Appeal
Suprem
e
CourtTotal
Filed …………………………………….415,378 1,086 27,440 .. .. 443,904
Pending …………………………………….732,482 2,150 106,898 .. .. 841,530
Disposed of …………………………………….433,079 792 21,251 .. .. 455,122
Filed …………………………………….371,697 2,432 20,428 .. .. 394,557
Pending …………………………………….615,526 2,796 42,059 .. .. 660,381
Disposed of …………………………………….488,653 1,786 85,267 .. .. 575,706
Filed …………………………………….319,469 2,055 25,798 958 .. 348,280
Pending …………………………………….596,283 3,265 50,462 5,714 .. 655,724
Disposed of …………………………………….338,712 1,586 17,395 498 .. 358,191
Filed …………………………………….315,206 2,421 27,614 1,126 17 346,384
Pending …………………………………….510,107 2,437 114,826 6,234 9 633,613
Disposed of …………………………………….313,457 3,123 21,290 606 8 338,484
Filed …………………………………….116,393 1,428 25,728 1,183 18 144,750
Pending …………………………………….595,248 8,283 133,450 6,322 7 743,310
Disposed of …………………………………….195,418 3,090 20,640 1,032 11 220,191
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013*
Crime Data Available in Kenya
4. Prison Statistics
M F M F M F
Sentenced to 2 yrs or more ………………………………………………………………5,474 317 3,208 582 15,107 497
Sentenced to 1 Month -2yrs ………………………………………………………………48,169 5,584 34,604 3,853 43,686 5,698
Less than 1 Month ………………………………………………………………15,116 1,656 12,294 1,374 14,736 1,644
Committed for debt ………………………………………………………………655 20 118 18 556 113
Total Convicted ………………..Prisoners by sex69,414 7,577 57,516 6,175 69,430 7,975
Total Convicted Prisoners…….
Committed for safe
custody (remand) by
sex …….. 157,891 12,284 129,348 11,512 137,974 12,539
Total Remand…………………Total Prisons
Population by
sex…………….. 227,305 19,861 186,864 17,687 207,404 20,514
Total Prisons Population……..
Number Previously convicted ………………………………………………………………20,620 1,966 11,446 1,503 21,830 1,080
Deaths (Excluding Executions) ………………………………………………………………210 10 217 19 623 9
Prison population per
100,000 of Kenyan
population 625.0 480.2 556.4
247,166 204,551 227,918
2013*2011 2012
170,175 140,860 150,513
76,991 63,691 77,405
Crime Data Available in Kenya
Number of crimes reported to police stations per year
Types of firearms and ammunitions recovered /surrendered per year
Number of persons reported to Police to have committed offences by sex, age and county per year
Crime Data Availablein Kenya
Number of persons reported to have committed offences against morality and other offences against persons by sex and county per year
Persons reported to Police stations to have committed homicide offences by sex and county per year
Persons reported to Police stations to have committed robbery and theft by sex and county per year
Crime Data Available in Kenya
Number of foreigners (adults and juveniles) brought into formal contact with the Police by sex and age per year
Number of environmental pollution (air, water, and soil) offences by county per year
Number of offences involving illegal movement or illegal dumping of waste recorded per year
Crime Data Availablein Kenya
Number of offences involving transnational illegal movement or illegal dumping of waste recorded per year
Number of persons brought into formal contact with the Law for illegal movement or illegal dumping of waste per year
Number of persons brought into formal contact with the Law for transnational illegal movement or illegal dumping of waste per year
Crime Data Available in Kenya
Number of persons brought into formal contact with the Law for transnational illegal trade in endangered species of fauna and flora per year
Number of persons brought into formal contact with the Law for illegal trade in endangered species of fauna and flora per year
Crime Data Available in Kenya
Number of cases handled by Ethics and Anti – corruption commission by type and action taken per year
Number of prosecutors per year
Number of registered murder and corruption cases and convictions obtained by the Public Prosecutions per year
Number of other registered cases by type and convictions obtained by the Public Prosecutions per year
Crime Data Availablein Kenya
Number of cases handled by various courts/mobile courts per year
Number of persons brought before courts by type of offence and sex per year
Number of persons convicted for environmental pollution offences per year
Number of persons convicted for illegal movement or dumping of waste per year
Crime Data Availablein Kenya
Number of persons convicted for illegal transnational movement or dumping of waste per year
Number of persons convicted for illegal trade in endangered species of fauna and flora per year
Number of persons convicted for illegal transnational trade in endangered species of fauna and flora per year
Crime Data Available in Kenya
Convicted prison population by age, sex and county per year
Daily average population of prisoners by sex per year
Prison population by sentence duration by sex per year
Convicted prisoners by type of offences by sex per year
Number of juveniles held in prisons, penal or correctional institutions by sex, type of offence and county per year
Crime Data Available in Kenya
Number of foreigners held in prisons, penal or correctional institutions by sex, type of offence per year
Official capacity of adult prisons, penal or correctional institutions per year
Official capacity of juvenile prisons, penal or correctional institutions per year
Number of prison staff of adult prisons, penal or correctional institutions by sex and county per year
Crime Data Available in Kenya
Number of prison staff of juvenile prisons, penal or correctional institutions by sex and county per year
Prison staff by sex per year
Number of persons with disability in juvenile prisons by type of disability, sex and county per year
Crime data Available in Kenya
Number of persons with disability in adult prisons by type of disability, sex and county per year
Number of mothers with children in prisons by county per year
Number of all children cases handled by the relevant department of children services by situation of children per year
Dissemination of Crime Data
Data is disseminated through:Annual Economic Surveys
Annual Statistical abstracts
Website - www: knbs.or.ke
Individual institutions
International organisations e.g UNODC
Dissemination ofCrime Data
On request by various entities/individuals
Some MDAs publish the data in periodic reports on monthly, quarterly or annual basis and in internal bulletins
Some MDAs disseminate data through Signals, periodic reports
Constraints in Publishing Crime Data
Lack of financial support
Lack of GPSS units in some countries
Lack of GPSS units in MDAs
Data quality concerns in some of the MDAs
Statistics is not core functions in some MDAs
Periodic changing of officers handling data in MDAs
Challenges in Ensuring Accuracy of Data
Lack of a standard way of passing information in some MDAs(i.e Lack of uniformity in submitting statistics)
Lack of harmonization of data between the some MDAs especially if they produce similar data
Inaccurate interpretation of the data
Inaccurate projections
Challenges in Ensuring Accuracy of Data
Arithmetical errors in some of the data forwarded to the headquarters
Lack of adequate personnel trained in data collection, analysis and dissemination in some MDAs since their mandate is not to collect data
Varying categorization of data by different counties or MDAs
Challenges in Ensuring Accuracy of Data
Inconsistency in data collected
Lack of completeness of the data collected
Lack of adequate infrastructure in some MDAs
In some MDAs data from the field is usually incomplete and untimely
Challenges inEnsuring Accuracy of Data
In some MDAs there are many errors in data remitted to the headquarters
Manual processing of data in the field leading to various errors
Some MDAs collect data but do not have laid down systems for statistical data collection.
Challenges in Ensuring Accuracy of Data
Major challenge in data collection is funding for:
Capacity building in various MDAs
Equipment
Conclusion & recommendations
Data on crime can be collected
In Kenya, there is a strong will by various MDAs for collaboration in data collection
NSOs need to build rapport with MDAs